1
|
Williams OR, Vander Schoor JK, Butler JB, Hecht VFG, Weller JL. Physical seed dormancy in pea is genetically separable from seed coat thickness and roughness. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1359226. [PMID: 38476691 PMCID: PMC10927720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1359226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The seeds of wild pea (Pisum) exhibit marked physical dormancy due to impermeability of the seed coat to water, and the loss of this dormancy is thought to have been critical for domestication. Wild pea seed coats are also notably thick and rough, traits that have also reduced during domestication and are anecdotally linked to increased permeability. However, how these traits specifically interact with permeability is unclear. Methods To investigate this, we examined the genetic control of differences in seed coat characteristics between wild P. sativum ssp. humile and a non-dormant domesticated P. s. sativum accession in a recombinant inbred population. QTL effects were confirmed and their locations refined in segregating F4/5 populations. Results In this population we found a moderate correlation between testa thickness and permeability, and identified loci that affect them independently, suggesting no close functional association. However, the major loci affecting both testa thickness and permeability collocated closely with Mendel's pigmentation locus A, suggesting flavonoid compounds under its control might contribute significantly to both traits. We also show that seed coat roughness is oligogenic in this population, with the major locus independent of both testa thickness and permeability, suggesting selection for smooth seed was unlikely to be due to effects on either of these traits. Discussion Results indicate loss of seed coat dormancy during domestication was not primarily driven by reduced testa thickness or smooth seededness. The close association between major permeability and thickness QTL and Mendel's 'A' warrant further study, particularly regarding the role of flavonoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Owen R. Williams
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jacqueline K. Vander Schoor
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jakob B. Butler
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | | | - James L. Weller
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jaganathan GK, Harrison RJ. Decoding the decisive role of seed moisture content in physical dormancy break: filling the missing links. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024; 26:3-10. [PMID: 38031719 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Species producing seeds with a water-impermeable seed coat, i.e., physical dormancy (PY), dominate the dry tropical forests. Despite increasing interest and understanding of the germination ecology of a PY species, less is known about how PY break occurs, particularly what changes lead to the opening of the 'water gap'. Based on the moisture conent (MC) attained, two ranges of PY may exist: shallow PY, a state with higher MC and seeds could reverse to a permeable state when the relative humidity increases; and absolute PY, a completely dry state. Here, we demonstrate that this MC variation between seeds affects preconditioning and the 'water-gap' opening stages. A conceptual model developed shows a strong relationship between temperature and duration, with high temperature breaking PY in seconds, but seasonal temperature fluctuations and constant temperatures require a longer time. The duration required at any conditions to break PY is purported to depend on the hydrophobic bonds of the lipids, which are likely weakened during the preconditioning, and the amount of water influences hydrolysis, leading to the 'water-gap' opening. We argue that the moisture content of the seeds and its interaction with biochemical compounds are a possible explanation for why only a proportion of PY seeds become permeable to water each year. Nonetheless, empirical investigations must validate these notions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G K Jaganathan
- Germplasm Conservation Laboratory, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - R J Harrison
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Legume and Rhizobium Studies, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang D, An Q, Huang S, Tan G, Quan H, Chen Y, Zhou J, Liao H. Biomod2 modeling for predicting the potential ecological distribution of three Fritillaria species under climate change. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18801. [PMID: 37914761 PMCID: PMC10620159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fritillaria species ranked as a well-known traditional medicine in China and has become rare due to excessive harvesting. To find reasonable strategy for conservation and cultivation, identification of new ecological distribution of Fritillaria species together with prediction of those responses to climate change are necessary. In terms of current occurrence records and bioclimatic variables, the suitable habitats for Fritillaria delavayi, Fritillaria taipaiensis, and Fritillaria wabuensis were predicted. In comparison with Maxent and GARP, Biomod2 obtained the best AUC, KAPPA and TSS values of larger than 0.926 and was chosen to construct model. Temperature seasonality was indicated to put the greatest influence on Fritillaria taipaiensis and Fritillaria wabuensis, while isothermality was of most importance for Fritillaria delavayi. The current suitable areas for three Fritillaria species were distributed in south-west China, accounting for approximately 17.72%, 23.06% and 20.60% of China's total area, respectively. During 2021-2100 period, the suitable habitats of F. delavayi and F. wabuensis reached the maximum under SSP585 scenario, while that of F. taipaiensis reached the maximum under SSP126 scenario. The high niche overlap among three Fritillaria species showed correlation with the chemical composition (P ≤ 0.05), while no correlation was observed between niche overlap and DNA barcodes, indicating that spatial distribution had a major influence on chemical composition in the Fritillaria species. Finally, the acquisition of species-specific habitats would contribute to decrease in habitat competition, and future conservation and cultivation of Fritillaria species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deya Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuju An
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Sipei Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Guodong Tan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Huige Quan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yineng Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayu Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hai Liao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McGinty EM, Craine EB, Miller ND, Ocana-Gallegos C, Spalding EP, Murphy KM, Hauvermale AL. Evaluating relationships between seed morphological traits and seed dormancy in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1161165. [PMID: 37929178 PMCID: PMC10623317 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1161165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Quinoa is a high-value, nutritious crop that performs well in variable environments, marginal soils, and in diverse crop rotations. Quinoa's many attributes make it an ideal crop for supporting human health in global communities and economies. To date, quinoa research has largely focused on traits in adult plants important for enhancing plant phenotypic plasticity, abiotic stress, disease resistance, and yield. Fewer studies have evaluated quinoa seed dormancy and suggest that most modern quinoa varieties have weak or no seed dormancy, and a narrow window of seed viability post-harvest. In other crops, diminished seed dormancy is a major risk factor for preharvest sprouting (PHS; germination on the panicle due to rain prior to harvest) and may also pose a similar risk for quinoa. Methods This study (1) developed a dormancy screening assay to characterize seed dormancy strength in a large collection of quinoa varieties, (2) investigated if morphological variables including seed coat color, seed coat thickness, seed shape including eccentricity which evaluates the roundness or flatness of a seed, and other agronomic traits like crude protein content and seed moisture, contribute to quinoa seed dormancy, and (3) evaluated the use of a phenetic modeling approach to explore relationships between seed morphology and seed dormancy. Results Dormancy screening indicated seed dormancy ranges in quinoa varieties from none to strong dormancy. Further, phenetic modeling approaches indicate that seed coat thickness and eccentricity are important morphological variables that impact quinoa seed dormancy strength. Conclusions While dormancy screening and phenetic modeling approaches do not provide a direct solution to preventing PHS in quinoa, they do provide new tools for identifying dormant varieties as well as morphological variables contributing to seed dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. McGinty
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | | | - Nathan D. Miller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cristina Ocana-Gallegos
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Edgar P. Spalding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Amber L. Hauvermale
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sedláková V, Zeljković SĆ, Štefelová N, Smýkal P, Hanáček P. Phenylpropanoid Content of Chickpea Seed Coats in Relation to Seed Dormancy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2687. [PMID: 37514301 PMCID: PMC10384132 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The physical dormancy of seeds is likely to be mediated by the chemical composition and the thickness of the seed coat. Here, we investigate the link between the content of phenylpropanoids (i.e., phenolics and flavonoids) present in the chickpea seed coat and dormancy. The relationship between selected phenolic and flavonoid metabolites of chickpea seed coats and dormancy level was assessed using wild and cultivated chickpea parental genotypes and a derived population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The selected phenolic and flavonoid metabolites were analyzed via the LC-MS/MS method. Significant differences in the concentration of certain phenolic acids were found among cultivated (Cicer arietinum, ICC4958) and wild chickpea (Cicer reticulatum, PI489777) parental genotypes. These differences were observed in the contents of gallic, caffeic, vanillic, syringic, p-coumaric, salicylic, and sinapic acids, as well as salicylic acid-2-O-β-d-glucoside and coniferaldehyde. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the flavonoids myricetin, quercetin, luteolin, naringenin, kaempferol, isoorientin, orientin, and isovitexin. When comparing non-dormant and dormant RILs, significant differences were observed in gallic, 3-hydroxybenzoic, syringic, and sinapic acids, as well as the flavonoids quercitrin, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, and morin. Phenolic acids were generally more highly concentrated in the wild parental genotype and dormant RILs. We compared the phenylpropanoid content of chickpea seed coats with related legumes, such as pea, lentil, and faba bean. This information could be useful in chickpea breeding programs to reduce dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Sedláková
- Department of Plant Biology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sanja Ćavar Zeljković
- Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Štefelová
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hanáček
- Department of Plant Biology, Mendel University in Brno, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bertuzzi T, López-Spahr D, Gómez CA, Sühring S, Malagrina G, Baskin CC, Galíndez G. Variation in Seed Dormancy of Chaco Seasonally Dry Forest Species: Effects of Seed Traits and Population Environmental Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091790. [PMID: 37176851 PMCID: PMC10181065 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The persistence of subtropical seasonally dry forests urgently requires the implementation of ex situ conservation and restoration programs. We studied variation in seed traits and dormancy of six native species growing in seasonally dry Chaco forests of Argentina. We documented high intra- and interspecific variability in seed traits and dormancy. Fresh seeds of Geoffroea decorticans and Parasenegalia visco (Fabaceae) were water-permeable and nondormant (ND), while those of Parkinsonia praecox and Vachellia aroma (Fabaceae) were water-impermeable and had physical dormancy (PY). Seeds of Schnopsis lorentzii (Anacardiaceae) and Sarcomphalus mistol (Rhamnaceae) were water-permeable and had physiological dormancy (PD). Mechanical and chemical scarification were the most effective methods to break PY, and dry storage for 3 months was effective in breaking PD. Seeds of large-seeded species were ND or had PD, and those of small-seeded species had PY. Species inhabiting moist habitats had ND seeds, whereas those from seasonally dry habitats had seeds with PY or PD. These results suggest that seed traits and dormancy are species-specific and that intraspecific variation in seed traits is likely associated with high phenotypic plasticity of species in response to local environmental heterogeneity. These findings should be considered at the time of implementation of conservation techniques and for seed sourcing decisions for restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bertuzzi
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Catamarca (CITCA)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Catamarca 4700, Argentina
| | - Diego López-Spahr
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta 4400, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (LASEM)-CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Silvia Sühring
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta 4400, Argentina
| | - Gisela Malagrina
- Banco Base de Germoplasma, Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN-INTA, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires 1686, Argentina
| | - Carol C Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0321, USA
| | - Guadalupe Galíndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta-CCT-CONICET, Salta 4400, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bohra A, Tiwari A, Kaur P, Ganie SA, Raza A, Roorkiwal M, Mir RR, Fernie AR, Smýkal P, Varshney RK. The Key to the Future Lies in the Past: Insights from Grain Legume Domestication and Improvement Should Inform Future Breeding Strategies. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1554-1572. [PMID: 35713290 PMCID: PMC9680861 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crop domestication is a co-evolutionary process that has rendered plants and animals significantly dependent on human interventions for survival and propagation. Grain legumes have played an important role in the development of Neolithic agriculture some 12,000 years ago. Despite being early companions of cereals in the origin and evolution of agriculture, the understanding of grain legume domestication has lagged behind that of cereals. Adapting plants for human use has resulted in distinct morpho-physiological changes between the wild ancestors and domesticates, and this distinction has been the focus of several studies aimed at understanding the domestication process and the genetic diversity bottlenecks created. Growing evidence from research on archeological remains, combined with genetic analysis and the geographical distribution of wild forms, has improved the resolution of the process of domestication, diversification and crop improvement. In this review, we summarize the significance of legume wild relatives as reservoirs of novel genetic variation for crop breeding programs. We describe key legume features, which evolved in response to anthropogenic activities. Here, we highlight how whole genome sequencing and incorporation of omics-level data have expanded our capacity to monitor the genetic changes accompanying these processes. Finally, we present our perspective on alternative routes centered on de novo domestication and re-domestication to impart significant agronomic advances of novel crops over existing commodities. A finely resolved domestication history of grain legumes will uncover future breeding targets to develop modern cultivars enriched with alleles that improve yield, quality and stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bohra
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Abha Tiwari
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (ICAR-IIPR), Kalyanpur, Kanpur 208024, India
| | - Parwinder Kaur
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Biotechnology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, Santiniketan Road, Bolpur 731235, India
| | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Manish Roorkiwal
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (KCGEB), UAE University, Sheik Khalifa Bin Zayed Street, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi 15551, UAE
| | - Reyazul Rouf Mir
- Division of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST, Shalimar, Srinagar 190025, India
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Křížkovského 511/8, Olomouc 78371, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Balarynová J, Klčová B, Sekaninová J, Kobrlová L, Cechová MZ, Krejčí P, Leonova T, Gorbach D, Ihling C, Smržová L, Trněný O, Frolov A, Bednář P, Smýkal P. The loss of polyphenol oxidase function is associated with hilum pigmentation and has been selected during pea domestication. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1807-1821. [PMID: 35585778 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed coats serve as protective tissue to the enclosed embryo. As well as mechanical there are also chemical defence functions. During domestication, the property of the seed coat was altered including the removal of the seed dormancy. We used a range of genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches to determine the function of the pea seed polyphenol oxidase (PPO) gene. Sequencing analysis revealed one nucleotide insertion or deletion in the PPO gene, with the functional PPO allele found in all wild pea samples, while most cultivated peas have one of the three nonfunctional ppo alleles. PPO functionality cosegregates with hilum pigmentation. PPO gene and protein expression, as well as enzymatic activity, was downregulated in the seed coats of cultivated peas. The functionality of the PPO gene relates to the oxidation and polymerisation of gallocatechin in the seed coat. Additionally, imaging mass spectrometry supports the hypothesis that hilum pigmentation is conditioned by the presence of both phenolic precursors and sufficient PPO activity. Taken together these results indicate that the nonfunctional polyphenol oxidase gene has been selected during pea domestication, possibly due to better seed palatability or seed coat visual appearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Balarynová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Klčová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Sekaninová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kobrlová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Zajacová Cechová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Krejčí
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Leonova
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, 199004, Russia
| | - Daria Gorbach
- Department of Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, 199004, Russia
| | - Christian Ihling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Germany
| | - Lucie Smržová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Trněný
- Agricultural Research Ltd, Troubsko, 664 41, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, 199004, Russia
| | - Petr Bednář
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University, Olomouc, 783 71, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Renzi JP, Coyne CJ, Berger J, von Wettberg E, Nelson M, Ureta S, Hernández F, Smýkal P, Brus J. How Could the Use of Crop Wild Relatives in Breeding Increase the Adaptation of Crops to Marginal Environments? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:886162. [PMID: 35783966 PMCID: PMC9243378 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.886162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Alongside the use of fertilizer and chemical control of weeds, pests, and diseases modern breeding has been very successful in generating cultivars that have increased agricultural production several fold in favorable environments. These typically homogeneous cultivars (either homozygous inbreds or hybrids derived from inbred parents) are bred under optimal field conditions and perform well when there is sufficient water and nutrients. However, such optimal conditions are rare globally; indeed, a large proportion of arable land could be considered marginal for agricultural production. Marginal agricultural land typically has poor fertility and/or shallow soil depth, is subject to soil erosion, and often occurs in semi-arid or saline environments. Moreover, these marginal environments are expected to expand with ongoing climate change and progressive degradation of soil and water resources globally. Crop wild relatives (CWRs), most often used in breeding as sources of biotic resistance, often also possess traits adapting them to marginal environments. Wild progenitors have been selected over the course of their evolutionary history to maintain their fitness under a diverse range of stresses. Conversely, modern breeding for broad adaptation has reduced genetic diversity and increased genetic vulnerability to biotic and abiotic challenges. There is potential to exploit genetic heterogeneity, as opposed to genetic uniformity, in breeding for the utilization of marginal lands. This review discusses the adaptive traits that could improve the performance of cultivars in marginal environments and breeding strategies to deploy them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Renzi
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hilario Ascasubi, Argentina
- CERZOS, Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | | | - Jens Berger
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Wembley, WA, Australia
| | - Eric von Wettberg
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Matthew Nelson
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Wembley, WA, Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Soledad Ureta
- CERZOS, Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Fernando Hernández
- CERZOS, Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Brus
- Department of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pausas JG, Lamont BB. Fire-released seed dormancy - a global synthesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1612-1639. [PMID: 35384243 PMCID: PMC9540907 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seed dormancy varies greatly between species, clades, communities, and regions. We propose that fireprone ecosystems create ideal conditions for the selection of seed dormancy as fire provides a mechanism for dormancy release and postfire conditions are optimal for germination. Thus, fire‐released seed dormancy should vary in type and abundance under different fire regimes. To test these predictions, we compiled data from a wide range of fire‐related germination experiments for species in different ecosystems across the globe. We identified four dormancy syndromes: heat‐released (physical) dormancy, smoke‐released (physiological) dormancy, non‐fire‐released dormancy, and non‐dormancy. In fireprone ecosystems, fire, in the form of heat and/or chemical by‐products (collectively termed ‘smoke’), are the predominant stimuli for dormancy release and subsequent germination, with climate (cold or warm stratification) and light sometimes playing important secondary roles. Fire (heat or smoke)‐released dormancy is best expressed where woody vegetation is dense and fires are intense, i.e. in crown‐fire ecosystems. In such environments, seed dormancy allows shade‐intolerant species to take advantage of vegetation gaps created by fire and synchronize germination with optimal recruitment conditions. In grassy fireprone ecosystems (e.g. savannas), where fires are less intense but more frequent, seed dormancy is less common and dormancy release is often not directly related to fire (non‐fire‐released dormancy). Rates of germination, whether controls or postfire, are twice as fast in savannas than in mediterranean ecosystems. Fire‐released dormancy is rare to absent in arid ecosystems and rainforests. The seeds of many species with fire‐released dormancy also possess elaiosomes that promote ant dispersal. Burial by ants increases insulation of seeds from fires and places them in a suitable location for fire‐released dormancy. The distribution of these dormancy syndromes across seed plants is not random – certain dormancy types are associated with particular lineages (phylogenetic conservatism). Heat‐released dormancy can be traced back to fireprone floras in the ‘fiery’ mid‐Cretaceous, followed by smoke‐released dormancy, with loss of fire‐related dormancy among recent events associated with the advent of open savannas and non‐fireprone habitats. Anthropogenic influences are now modifying dormancy‐release mechanisms, usually decreasing the role of fire as exaptive effects. We conclude that contrasting fire regimes are a key driver of the evolution and maintenance of diverse seed dormancy types in many of the world's natural ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juli G Pausas
- CIDE-CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Montcada, Valencia, 46113, Spain
| | - Byron B Lamont
- Ecology Section, School of Life and Molecular Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pavan S, Delvento C, Nazzicari N, Ferrari B, D’Agostino N, Taranto F, Lotti C, Ricciardi L, Annicchiarico P. Merging genotyping-by-sequencing data from two ex situ collections provides insights on the pea evolutionary history. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab062. [PMID: 35043171 PMCID: PMC8935929 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L. subsp. sativum) is one of the oldest domesticated species and a widely cultivated legume. In this study, we combined next generation sequencing (NGS) data referring to two genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) libraries, each one prepared from a different Pisum germplasm collection. The selection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci called in both germplasm collections caused some loss of information; however, this did not prevent the obtainment of one of the largest datasets ever used to explore pea biodiversity, consisting of 652 accessions and 22 127 markers. The analysis of population structure reflected genetic variation based on geographic patterns and allowed the definition of a model for the expansion of pea cultivation from the domestication centre to other regions of the world. In genetically distinct populations, the average decay of linkage disequilibrium (LD) ranged from a few bases to hundreds of kilobases, thus indicating different evolutionary histories leading to their diversification. Genome-wide scans resulted in the identification of putative selective sweeps associated with domestication and breeding, including genes known to regulate shoot branching, cotyledon colour and resistance to lodging, and the correct mapping of two Mendelian genes. In addition to providing information of major interest for fundamental and applied research on pea, our work describes the first successful example of integration of different GBS datasets generated from ex situ collections - a process of potential interest for a variety of purposes, including conservation genetics, genome-wide association studies, and breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pavan
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Chiara Delvento
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nelson Nazzicari
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Barbara Ferrari
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Nunzio D’Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Francesca Taranto
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari,
Italy
| | - Concetta Lotti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardi
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Annicchiarico
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Salehie O, Ismail TB, Shahid S, Sammen SS, Malik A, Wang X. Selection of the gridded temperature dataset for assessment of thermal bioclimatic environmental changes in Amu Darya River basin. STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT : RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022; 36:2919-2939. [PMID: 35075345 PMCID: PMC8769093 DOI: 10.1007/s00477-022-02172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Assessment of the thermal bioclimatic environmental changes is important to understand ongoing climate change implications on agriculture, ecology, and human health. This is particularly important for the climatologically diverse transboundary Amy Darya River basin, a major source of water and livelihood for millions in Central Asia. However, the absence of longer period observed temperature data is a major obstacle for such analysis. This study employed a novel approach by integrating compromise programming and multicriteria group decision-making methods to evaluate the efficiency of four global gridded temperature datasets based on observation data at 44 stations. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated by comparing the results obtained using symmetrical uncertainty, a machine learning similarity assessment method. The most reliable gridded data was used to assess the spatial distribution of global warming-induced unidirectional trends in thermal bioclimatic indicators (TBI) using a modified Mann-Kendall test. Ranking of the products revealed Climate Prediction Center (CPC) temperature as most efficient in reconstruction observed temperature, followed by TerraClimate and Climate Research Unit. The ranking of the product was consistent with that obtained using SU. Assessment of TBI trends using CPC data revealed an increase in the Tmin in the coldest month over the whole basin at a rate of 0.03-0.08 °C per decade, except in the east. Besides, an increase in diurnal temperature range and isothermally increased in the east up to 0.2 °C and 0.6% per decade, respectively. The results revealed negative implications of thermal bioclimatic change on water, ecology, and public health in the eastern mountainous region and positive impacts on vegetation in the west and northwest. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00477-022-02172-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obaidullah Salehie
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
- Faculty of Environment, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Tarmizi bin Ismail
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
| | - Shamsuddin Shahid
- School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Malaysia
| | - Saad Sh Sammen
- Faculty of Environment, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Anurag Malik
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Diyala Governorate Iraq
- Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bathinda, Punjab 151001 India
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology–Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029 China
- Research Center for Climate Change, Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing, 210029 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rodrigues L, Nogales A, Hansen LD, Santos F, Rato AE, Cardoso H. Exploring the Applicability of Calorespirometry to Assess Seed Metabolic Stability Upon Temperature Stress Conditions- Pisum sativum L. Used as a Case Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:827117. [PMID: 35574105 PMCID: PMC9094064 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.827117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The availability of phenotyping tools to assist breeding programs in the selection of high-quality crop seeds is of obvious interest with consequences for both seed producers and consumers. Seed germination involves the activation of several metabolic pathways, such as cellular respiration to provide the required ATP and reducing power. This work tested the applicability of calorespirometry, the simultaneous measurement of heat and CO2 rates, as a phenotyping tool to assess seed respiratory properties as a function of temperature. The effect of temperature on seed germination was evaluated after 16 h of seed imbibition by calorespirometric experiments performed in isothermal mode at 15, 20, 25, and 28°C on the seeds of three cultivars of peas (Pisum sativum L.) commonly used in conventional agriculture (cvs. 'Rondo', 'Torta de Quebrar', and 'Maravilha d'América'). Significant differences in metabolic heat rate and CO2 production rate (R CO2 ) as well as in the temperature responses of these parameters were found among the three cultivars. A seed germination trial was conducted during the 6 days of imbibition to evaluate the predictive power of the parameters derived from the calorespirometric measurements. The germination trial showed that the optimal germination temperature was 20°C and low germination rates were observed at extreme temperatures (15 or 28°C). The cv. 'Torta de Quebrar' showed significantly higher germination in comparison with the other two cultivars at all three temperatures. In comparison with the other two cultivars, 'Torta de Quebrar' has the lowest metabolic heat and CO2 rates and the smallest temperature dependence of these measured parameters. Additionally, 'Torta de Quebrar' has the lowest values of growth rate and carbon use efficiency calculated from the measured variables. These data suggest that calorespirometry is a useful tool for phenotyping physiologic efficiency at different temperatures during early germination stages, and can determine the seeds with the highest resilience to temperature variation, in this case 'Torta de Quebrar'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lénia Rodrigues
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Amaia Nogales
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Lee D. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Fátima Santos
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Unidad de Proteomica, CSIC, Calle Darwin 3, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Elisa Rato
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Hélia Cardoso
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Formação e Investigação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Hélia Cardoso,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tungmunnithum D, Drouet S, Lorenzo JM, Hano C. Characterization of Bioactive Phenolics and Antioxidant Capacity of Edible Bean Extracts of 50 Fabaceae Populations Grown in Thailand. Foods 2021; 10:3118. [PMID: 34945669 PMCID: PMC8700874 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabaceae is the third largest family containing great variation among populations. However, previous studies mainly focus on single species, and phytochemicals at population level have never been reported. This work aims to complete this knowledge with 50 populations from throughout Thailand by (1) determining total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), and anthocyanin (TAC) contents; and (2) investigating in vitro and cellular antioxidant potentials. Phytochemicals of 50 populations from different localities are differed, illustrating high heterogeneity occurring in polyphenols accumulations. Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis populations showed low variability in TPC ranging from 628.3 to 717.3 mg/100 g DW gallic acid equivalent, whereas the high variability found in TFC and TAC range from 786.9 to 1536.1 mg/100 g DW quercetin equivalent, and 13.4 to 41.6 mg/100 g DW cyanidin equivalent. Red cultivar population #16 had the greatest TAC, but surprisingly the cream cultivars were relatively high in anthocyanins. HPLC quantification of genistein and daidzein showed great variations among populations. In vitro antioxidant results indicated that antioxidant capacity mediated by electron transfer. Cellular antioxidants ranged from 59.7% to 87.9% of ROS/RNS in yeast model. This study investigated at the population level contributing to better and frontier knowledge for nutraceutical/phytopharmaceutical sectors to seek potential raw plant material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Samantha Drouet
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Campus Eure et Loir, Orleans University, 28000 Chartres, France;
| | - Jose Manuel Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Adva. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain;
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Campus Eure et Loir, Orleans University, 28000 Chartres, France;
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gianella M, Bradford KJ, Guzzon F. Ecological, (epi)genetic and physiological aspects of bet-hedging in angiosperms. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:21-36. [PMID: 33449209 PMCID: PMC7902588 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-020-00402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Bet-hedging is a complex evolutionary strategy involving morphological, eco-physiological, (epi)genetic and population dynamics aspects. We review these aspects in flowering plants and propose further research needed for this topic. Bet-hedging is an evolutionary strategy that reduces the temporal variance in fitness at the expense of a lowered arithmetic mean fitness. It has evolved in organisms subjected to variable cues from the external environment, be they abiotic or biotic stresses such as irregular rainfall or predation. In flowering plants, bet-hedging is exhibited by hundreds of species and is mainly exerted by reproductive organs, in particular seeds but also embryos and fruits. The main example of bet-hedging in angiosperms is diaspore heteromorphism in which the same individual produces different seed/fruit morphs in terms of morphology, dormancy, eco-physiology and/or tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in order to 'hedge its bets' in unpredictable environments. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the ecological, genetic, epigenetic and physiological aspects involved in shaping bet-hedging strategies, and how these can affect population dynamics. We identify several open research questions about bet-hedging strategies in plants: 1) understanding ecological trade-offs among different traits; 2) producing more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses to understand the diffusion and evolutionary implications of this strategy; 3) clarifying epigenetic mechanisms related to bet-hedging and plant responses to environmental cues; and 4) applying multi-omics approaches to study bet-hedging at different levels of detail. Clarifying those aspects of bet-hedging will deepen our understanding of this fascinating evolutionary strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maraeva Gianella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Kent J Bradford
- Department of Plant Sciences, Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Filippo Guzzon
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz, Km. 45, El Batán, 56237, Texcoco, Mexico State, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carruggio F, Onofri A, Impelluso C, Giusso del Galdo G, Scopece G, Cristaudo A. Seed Dormancy Breaking and Germination in Bituminaria basaltica and B. bituminosa (Fabaceae). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091110. [PMID: 32867404 PMCID: PMC7570033 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Most legumes are well-known for the physical dormancy of their seeds; hence, the implementation of appropriate scarification techniques is essential for introducing new legume crops within agricultural systems. This study investigated morpho-anatomical traits and dormancy-breaking requirements in two taxa of the genus Bituminaria: the widespread B. bituminosa and the point endemic B. basaltica. As the species under investigation show monospermic indehiscent legumes, pods were used in this research. We performed pod trait measurements, light microscopy observations on the seed coat anatomical structure, and germination tests after mechanical, thermal, and chemical scarification treatments for seed dormancy breaking. Moreover, germination performance at different pod maturity stages and storage times was tested. Differences in morpho-anatomical traits were found, with B. basaltica having a thicker palisade cell layer and B. bituminosa showing larger pods. All of the scarification treatments proved to be able to break physical dormancy, with mechanical and chemical scarification being the most effective methods in both species. Nevertheless, dormancy-breaking treatments performed better in B. bituminosa. Seeds at early pod maturity stages showed higher germination capacity in both species. Overall, this research provided background knowledge on seed collection time, storage strategy, and effective pre-sowing treatment, which might contribute to enhance propagation and use of Bituminaria species for multiple purposes. Under this perspective, the future characterization of additional Bituminaria genetic resources from other Mediterranean populations will have remarkable importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Carruggio
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Germplasm Bank (BGS-CT), University of Catania, 95128 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Andrea Onofri
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Carmen Impelluso
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Germplasm Bank (BGS-CT), University of Catania, 95128 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Gianpietro Giusso del Galdo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Hortus Botanicus Catinensis, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Scopece
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario MSA, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonia Cristaudo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Germplasm Bank (BGS-CT), University of Catania, 95128 Catania, Italy; (F.C.); (C.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-366-1842748
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Talská R, Machalová J, Smýkal P, Hron K. A comparison of seed germination coefficients using functional regression. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2020; 8:e11366. [PMID: 32995101 PMCID: PMC7507017 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.11366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Seed germination over time is characterized by a sigmoid curve, called a germination curve, in which the percentage (or absolute number) of seeds that have completed germination is plotted against time. A number of individual coefficients have been developed to characterize this germination curve. However, as germination is considered to be a qualitative developmental response of an individual seed that occurs at one time point, but individual seeds within a given treatment respond at different time points, it has proven difficult to develop a single index that satisfactorily incorporates both percentage and rate. The aim of this paper is to develop a new coefficient, the continuous germination index (CGI), which quantifies seed germination as a continuous process, and to compare the CGI with other commonly used indexes. METHODS To create the new index, the germination curves were smoothed using nondecreasing splines and the CGI was derived as the area under the resulting spline. For the comparison of the CGI with other common indexes, a regression model with functional response was developed. RESULTS Using both an experimentally obtained wild pea (Pisum sativum subsp. elatius) seed data set and a hypothetical data set, we showed that the CGI is able to characterize the germination process better than most other indices. The CGI captures the local behavior of the germination curves particularly well. DISCUSSION The CGI can be used advantageously for the characterization of the germination process. Moreover, B-spline coefficients extracted by its construction can be employed for the further statistical processing of germination curves using functional data analysis methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Talská
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics Palacký University Faculty of Science 17 Listopadu 12 Olomouc 771 46 Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Machalová
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics Palacký University Faculty of Science 17 Listopadu 12 Olomouc 771 46 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany Palacký University Faculty of Science Šlechtitelů 27 Olomouc 783 71 Czech Republic
| | - Karel Hron
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics Palacký University Faculty of Science 17 Listopadu 12 Olomouc 771 46 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Renzi JP, Duchoslav M, Brus J, Hradilová I, Pechanec V, Václavek T, Machalová J, Hron K, Verdier J, Smýkal P. Physical Dormancy Release in Medicago truncatula Seeds Is Related to Environmental Variations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E503. [PMID: 32295289 PMCID: PMC7238229 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Seed dormancy and timing of its release is an important developmental transition determining the survival of individuals, populations, and species in variable environments. Medicago truncatula was used as a model to study physical seed dormancy at the ecological and genetics level. The effect of alternating temperatures, as one of the causes releasing physical seed dormancy, was tested in 178 M. truncatula accessions over three years. Several coefficients of dormancy release were related to environmental variables. Dormancy varied greatly (4-100%) across accessions as well as year of experiment. We observed overall higher physical dormancy release under more alternating temperatures (35/15 °C) in comparison with less alternating ones (25/15 °C). Accessions from more arid climates released dormancy under higher experimental temperature alternations more than accessions originating from less arid environments. The plasticity of physical dormancy can probably distribute the germination through the year and act as a bet-hedging strategy in arid environments. On the other hand, a slight increase in physical dormancy was observed in accessions from environments with higher among-season temperature variation. Genome-wide association analysis identified 136 candidate genes related to secondary metabolite synthesis, hormone regulation, and modification of the cell wall. The activity of these genes might mediate seed coat permeability and, ultimately, imbibition and germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Renzi
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hilario Ascasubi 8142, Argentina;
| | - Martin Duchoslav
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.D.); (I.H.)
| | - Jan Brus
- Department of Geoinformatics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Iveta Hradilová
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.D.); (I.H.)
| | - Vilém Pechanec
- Department of Geoinformatics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (V.P.)
| | - Tadeáš Václavek
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Jitka Machalová
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Karel Hron
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (T.V.); (J.M.); (K.H.)
| | - Jerome Verdier
- UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Université d’Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 49070 Beaucouzé, France;
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (M.D.); (I.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Renzi JP, Chantre GR, Smýkal P, Presotto AD, Zubiaga L, Garayalde AF, Cantamutto MA. Diversity of Naturalized Hairy Vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth) Populations in Central Argentina as a Source of Potential Adaptive Traits for Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:189. [PMID: 32180785 PMCID: PMC7059640 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa ssp. villosa Roth) is native of Europe and Western Asia and it is the second most cultivated vetch worldwide. Hairy vetch is used as forage species in semiarid environments and as a legume cover crop in sub-humid and humid regions. Being an incompletely domesticated species, hairy vetch can form spontaneous populations in a new environment. These populations might contain novel and adaptive traits valuable for breeding. Niche occupancy based on geographic occurrence and environmental data of naturalized populations in central Argentina showed that these populations were distributed mainly on disturbed areas with coarse soil texture and alkaline-type soils. Low rainfall and warm temperatures during pre- and post-seed dispersal explained the potential distribution under sub-humid and semiarid conditions from Pampa and Espinal ecoregions. Conversely, local adaptation along environmental gradients did not drive the divergence among recently established Argentinian (AR) populations. The highest genetic diversity revealed by microsatellite analysis was observed within accessions (72%) while no clear separation was detected between AR and European (EU) genotypes, although naturalized AR populations showed strong differentiation with the wild EU accessions. Common garden experiments were conducted in 2014-16 in order to evaluate populations' germination, flowering, and biomass traits. European cultivars were characterized by low physical seed dormancy (PY), while naturalized AR accessions showed higher winter biomass production. Detected variation in the quantitative assessment of populations could be useful for selection in breeding for traits that convey favorable functions within specific contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Renzi
- EEA H. Ascasubi Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Guillermo R. Chantre
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Petr Smýkal
- Department of Botany, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Alejandro D. Presotto
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Luciano Zubiaga
- EEA H. Ascasubi Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonio F. Garayalde
- Departamento de Matemática, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Miguel A. Cantamutto
- EEA H. Ascasubi Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|