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Mišúthová A, Slováková Ľ, Kollárová K, Vaculík M. Effect of silicon on root growth, ionomics and antioxidant performance of maize roots exposed to As toxicity. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 168:155-166. [PMID: 34628176 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, one of the biggest challenges of plant physiology is to find out the ways how to mitigate negative impacts of abiotic stress on plants. It is the pollution of groundwater or soil by various metals and metalloids that significantly affects the quality of life. Both arsenic (As) and silicon (Si) are metalloids - while the first one is toxic in general, the latter one is considered as beneficial for plants suffering from various kinds of stresses. The aim of our work was to elucidate the growth and development of young maize (Zea mays L.) plants exposed to both of these metalloids simultaneously. Experiments were focused on the comparison of root growth and biomass allocation, changes in uptake of macro- and micronutrients, visualisation of free radicals along with monitoring of the dynamics of main antioxidant enzymes activity in roots. The results showed that increasing concentration of As (75 and 150 μM As) severely inhibited root length and the amount of biomass, and addition of Si (2.5 mM) to the medium containing As did not have a significant effect on root growth. Similarly, the application of Si did not influence the uptake of macro- and microelements into the roots (mainly Ca, P, K, Mo, Cu, Zn and Ni) which was mostly decreased due to As. On the other hand, Si significantly decreased the presence of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in roots that suffered from As toxicity. Although the overall growth of maize plants was not improved by Si amendment, we assume that Si might affect the functionality of key antioxidant enzymes in time, and in this way at least partially help to overcome negative effects of As on maize roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mišúthová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina B2, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľudmila Slováková
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina B2, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karin Kollárová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina B2, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska Dolina B2, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 23, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Holubová Ľ, Švubová R, Slováková Ľ, Bokor B, Chobotová Kročková V, Renčko J, Uhrin F, Medvecká V, Zahoranová A, Gálová E. Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Maize Grains-Induction of Growth, Enzyme Activities and Heat Shock Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8509. [PMID: 34445215 PMCID: PMC8395187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zea mays L. is one of the most produced crops, and there are still parts of the world where maize is the basic staple food. To improve agriculture, mankind always looks for new, better methods of growing crops, especially in the current changing climatic conditions. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) has already showed its potential to enhance the culturing of crops, but it still needs more research for safe implementation into agriculture. In this work, it was shown that short CAPP treatment of maize grains had a positive effect on the vitality of grains and young seedlings, which may be connected to stimulation of antioxidant and lytic enzyme activities by short CAPP treatment. However, the prolonged treatment had a negative impact on the germination, growth, and production indexes. CAPP treatment caused the increased expression of genes for heat shock proteins HSP101 and HSP70 in the first two days after sowing. Using comet assay it was observed that shorter treatment times (30-120 s) did not cause DNA damage. Surface diagnostics of plasma-treated grains showed that plasma increases the hydrophilicity of the surface but does not damage the chemical bonds on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľudmila Holubová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.U.); (E.G.)
| | - Renáta Švubová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.S.); (B.B.); (V.C.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Ľudmila Slováková
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.S.); (B.B.); (V.C.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Boris Bokor
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.S.); (B.B.); (V.C.K.); (J.R.)
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Valéria Chobotová Kročková
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.S.); (B.B.); (V.C.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Ján Renčko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (Ľ.S.); (B.B.); (V.C.K.); (J.R.)
| | - Filip Uhrin
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.U.); (E.G.)
| | - Veronika Medvecká
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anna Zahoranová
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina F1, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Eliška Gálová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (F.U.); (E.G.)
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Peťková M, Švubová R, Kyzek S, Medvecká V, Slováková Ľ, Ševčovičová A, Gálová E. The Effects of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on Germination Parameters, Enzyme Activities and Induction of DNA Damage in Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062833. [PMID: 33799521 PMCID: PMC8000243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change, environmental pollution and pathogen resistance to available chemical agents are part of the problems that the food industry has to face in order to ensure healthy food for people and livestock. One of the promising solutions to these problems is the use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP). Plasma is suitable for efficient surface decontamination of seeds and food products, germination enhancement and obtaining higher yields in agricultural production. However, the plasma effects vary due to plasma source, treatment conditions and seed type. In our study, we tried to find the proper conditions for treatment of barley grains by diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge, in which positive effects of CAPP, such as enhanced germination or decontamination effects, would be maximized and harmful effects, such as oxidation and genotoxic potential, minimized. Besides germination parameters, we evaluated DNA damage and activities of various germination and antioxidant enzymes in barley seedlings. Plasma exposure resulted in changes in germination parameters and enzyme activities. Longer exposures had also genotoxic effects. As such, our findings indicate that appropriate plasma exposure conditions need to be carefully optimized in order to preserve germination, oxidation balance and genome stability, should CAPP be used in agricultural practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Peťková
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.P.); (A.Š.); (E.G.)
| | - Renáta Švubová
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (R.Š.); (Ľ.S.)
| | - Stanislav Kyzek
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.P.); (A.Š.); (E.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Veronika Medvecká
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Mlynská Dolina, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Ľudmila Slováková
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (R.Š.); (Ľ.S.)
| | - Andrea Ševčovičová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.P.); (A.Š.); (E.G.)
| | - Eliška Gálová
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.P.); (A.Š.); (E.G.)
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Švubová R, Ovečka M, Pavlovič A, Slováková Ľ, Blehová A. Cuscuta europaea plastid apparatus in various developmental stages: localization of THF1 protein. Plant Signal Behav 2013; 8:e24037. [PMID: 23438585 PMCID: PMC3907459 DOI: 10.4161/psb.24037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
It was generally accepted that Cuscuta europaea is mostly adapted to a parasitic lifestyle with no detectable levels of chlorophylls. We found out relatively high level of chlorophylls (Chls a+b) in young developmental stages of dodder. Significant lowering of Chls (a+b) content and increase of carotenoid concentration was typical only for ontogenetically more developed stages. Lower content of photosynthesis-related proteins involved in Chls biosynthesis and in photosystem formation as well as low photochemical activity of PSII indicate that photosynthesis is not the main activity of C. europaea plastids. Previously, it has been shown in other species that the Thylakoid Formation Protein 1 (THF1) is involved in thylakoid membrane differentiation, plant-fungal and plant-bacterial interactions and in sugar signaling with its preferential localization to plastids. Our immunofluorescence localization studies and analyses of haustorial plasma membrane fractions revealed that in addition to plastids, the THF1 protein localizes also to the plasma membrane and plasmodesmata in developing C. europaea haustorium, most abundantly in the digitate cells of the endophyte primordium. These results are supported by western blot analysis, documenting the highest levels of the THF1 protein in "get together" tissues of dodder and tobacco. Based on the fact that photosynthesis is not a typical process in the C. europaea haustorium and on the extra-plastidial localization pattern of the THF1, our data support rather other functions of this protein in the complex relationship between C. europaea and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renáta Švubová
- Department of Plant Physiology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Ovečka
- Institute of Botany; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava, Slovak Republic
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Researc; Faculty of Science; Palacky University in Olomouc; Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Plant Physiology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ľudmila Slováková
- Department of Plant Physiology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alžbeta Blehová
- Department of Plant Physiology; Faculty of Natural Sciences; Comenius University in Bratislava; Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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