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Paz Y, Perkins ER, Colins O, Perlstein S, Wagner NJ, Hawes SW, Byrd A, Viding E, Waller R. Evaluating the sensitivity to threat and affiliative reward (STAR) model in relation to the development of conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits across early adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38480986 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward (STAR) model proposes low threat sensitivity and low affiliation as risk factors for callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Preliminary evidence for the STAR model comes from work in early childhood. However, studies are needed that explore the STAR dimensions in late childhood and adolescence when severe conduct problems (CP) emerge. Moreover, it is unclear how variability across the full spectrum of threat sensitivity and affiliation gives rise to different forms of psychopathology beyond CU traits. METHODS The current study addressed these gaps using parent- and child-reported data from three waves and a sub-study of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® of 11,878 youth (48% female; ages 9-12). RESULTS Consistent with the STAR model, low threat sensitivity and low affiliation were independently related to CU traits across informants and time. Moreover, there was significant interaction between the STAR dimensions, such that children with lower sensitivity to threat and lower affiliation had higher parent-reported CU traits. Unlike CU traits, children with higher threat sensitivity had higher parent-reported CP and anxiety. Finally, children with lower affiliation had higher parent-reported CP, anxiety, and depression. Results largely replicated across informants and time, and sensitivity analysis revealed similar findings in children with and without DSM-5 defined CP. CONCLUSIONS Results support the STAR model hypotheses as they pertain to CU traits and delineate threat sensitivity and affiliation as independent transdiagnostic risk factors for different types of psychopathology. Future research is needed to develop fuller and more reliable and valid measures of affiliation and threat sensitivity across multiple assessment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Paz
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily R Perkins
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olivier Colins
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Special Needs Education, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Samantha Perlstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Wagner
- Department of Brain and Psychological Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel W Hawes
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amy Byrd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PN, USA
| | - Essi Viding
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Perlstein S, Hawes S, Vazquez AY, Pacheco-Colón I, Lehman S, Parent J, Byrd A, Waller R. Genetic versus environmental influences on callous-unemotional traits in preadolescence: The role of parenting and parental psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1-16. [PMID: 36229943 PMCID: PMC10102260 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Children with callous-unemotional (CU) traits are at risk for severe conduct problems. While CU traits are moderately heritable, parenting also predicts risk. However, few studies have investigated whether parenting factors (e.g., acceptance, conflict, parental psychopathology) moderate the etiology of CU traits, while accounting for gene-environment correlations. To address this knowledge gap, we used data from 772 twin pairs from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study to test bivariate models that explored overlapping etiological influences on CU traits and child reports of their parenting environment. We also used gene-by-environment interaction models to test whether parenting moderated genetic versus environmental influences. There were no overlapping etiological influences on CU traits and parental acceptance, but modest genetic and non-shared environmental overlap between CU traits and family conflict. Parental acceptance and psychopathology moderated non-shared environmental influences, with stronger non-shared environmental influences on CU traits among children who experienced lower parental acceptance and greater parental psychopathology. Family conflict only moderated environmental influences when models did not covary for conduct problems. Parental acceptance and parental psychopathology may be specific environmental protective and risk factors for CU traits, whereas family conflict may represent a general environmental risk factor for both CU traits and conduct problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Hawes
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University
| | | | | | - Sarah Lehman
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University
| | | | - Amy Byrd
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
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Beardslee J, Datta S, Byrd A, Meier M, Prins S, Cerda M, Pardini D. An Examination of Parental and Peer Influence on Substance Use and Criminal Offending During the Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood. Crim Justice Behav 2018; 45:783-798. [PMID: 30250352 PMCID: PMC6150490 DOI: 10.1177/0093854818764767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Although peer behavior and parent-child-conflict have been associated with adolescent and young adults' behavior, prior studies have not adequately controlled for selection effects and other confounders, or examined whether associations change across the transition to adulthood or by race. Using annual data from young men followed from 17-26, within-individual change models examined whether substance use or offending increased in the year after boys began affiliating with friends who engaged in substance use/offending and/or experienced increased parent-son-conflict. Moderation analyses tested whether associations varied by age or race. Alcohol use, marijuana use, and offending (Black participants only) increased in the year after boys began affiliating with more peers who engaged in similar behaviors. Associations were strongest during adolescence for substance use. Parent-son conflict was not associated with the outcomes. Findings underscore the importance of developmental and racialized differences in understanding the role of social influences on young men's substance use and offending.
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Byrd A, Deming C, Cassidy S, Harrison O, Ng W, Conlan S, Belkaid Y, Segre J, Kong H. 625 Differential diversity of staphylococcal strains shapes cutaneous response in atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Byrd A, Schwartz N. Multiracial experience leads to increased discriminability of facial features but not configural dimensions. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Demirok E, Veluz G, Stuyvenberg W, Castañeda M, Byrd A, Alvarado C. Quality and safety of broiler meat in various chilling systems. Poult Sci 2013; 92:1117-26. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Cecchi F, Pajalunga D, Fowler A, Rabe DC, Peruzzi B, MacDonald NJ, Blackman DK, Stahl SJ, Byrd A, Bottaro DP. A hepatocyte growth factor antagonist engineered by site-directed mutagenesis. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.10528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Stringfellow K, Caldwell D, Lee J, Byrd A, Carey J, Kessler K, McReynolds J, Bell A, Stipanovic R, Farnell M. Pasteurization of chicken litter with steam and quicklime to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium. J APPL POULTRY RES 2010; 19:380-386. [PMID: 32336902 PMCID: PMC7172156 DOI: 10.3382/japr.2009-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nursery industry pasteurizes soil with steam and quicklime to reduce plant pathogens. The mechanism of action for quicklime is the resulting exothermic reaction that occurs when the chemical interacts with water and its ability to increase pH levels. These treatments may also reduce pathogens in a commercial poultry house. In this study, a steam sterilization cart simulated conditions used by the nursery industry to treat litter inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. A homogenized sample of litter was exposed to steam for 0, 5, 30, or 120 min. Quicklime was used at concentrations of 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0%. All steam treatments, with or without quicklime, significantly reduced Salmonella Typhimurium colonization by at least 3 orders of magnitude. Significant reductions were also observed in the treatments with quicklime alone. Both the steam and the quicklime treatments often reduced colonization to undetectable levels, even when samples were enriched. Therefore, we demonstrated 2 novel techniques for reducing Salmonella Typhimurium in poultry litter. Soil pasteurization potentially offers an environmentally sound means of reducing the pathogens present in used poultry litter.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Stringfellow
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Texas A&M System, College Station 77843
| | - D. Caldwell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Texas A&M System, College Station 77843
| | - J. Lee
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Texas A&M System, College Station 77843
| | - A. Byrd
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845
| | - J. Carey
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Texas A&M System, College Station 77843
| | | | - J. McReynolds
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845
| | - A. Bell
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845
| | - R. Stipanovic
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845
| | - M. Farnell
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Service, Texas A&M System, College Station 77843
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Jabbour E, Kantarjian H, Garcia-Manero G, Ravandi Kashani F, Borthakur G, Estrov Z, Gandhi V, Byrd A, Kwari M, Faderl S. A randomized study of two dose levels of intravenous (IV) clofarabine (CLO) in the treatment of patients (pts) with higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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10
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Ravandi Kashani F, Cortes J, Faderl S, Jones D, Byrd A, Brandt M, Garcia-Manero G, Levis M, Andreeff M, Kantarjian H. Phase I/II study of idarubicin (Ida), high-dose ara-C, and sorafenib (S) in patients (pts) younger than 65 years with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.7018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7018 Background: S is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor with activity against the Raf/ERK/MEK pathway and FLT3. It selectively induces apoptosis in FLT3-mutant human AML cell lines at nM concentrations. Methods: Objectives of this study are to determine the tolerability and efficacy of combination of S with chemotherapy. Ara-C 1.5 g/m2 over 24 hrs daily x 4 (x 3 for pts over 60) and Ida 12 mg/m2 daily x 3 are administered with S. In the phase I part, pts with relapsed AML were treated with escalating doses of S (400 mg qod, 400 mg daily, 400 mg bid) for 7 days during induction, and 400 mg bid was established as safe. Pts achieving CR receive up to 5 courses of consolidation with Ida 8 mg/m2 daily x 2 and Ara-C 0.75 g/m2 daily x 3 in addition to S 400 mg bid for up to 28 days per cycle repeated every 4 to 6 weeks. Maintenance is with S 400 mg bid for up to a year. Results: 10 pts (median age 34, range 21–58) with relapsed AML (median prior therapy 2, range 1–6) were treated in the phase I . 7 were FLT3-ITD positive. 4 achieved CR; 6 failed. In the phase II part, 45 pts (12 with FLT3-ITD and 2 with FLT3-TKD) were treated. Median age is 53 (range 18 - 65). Cytogenetics were diploid in 19, +8 in 5, -5/-7 in 5, 11q23 in 2, other in 14. Median presentation WBC was 4.9 x 109/L (range 0.6 - 122.7 x 109/L). 8 pts were FLT3-ITD+/NPM1-. 40 pts are evaluable for response and 85% achieved CR (n = 30) or CRp (n = 4) (13 of 14 FLT3 mutated pts); 5 pts are too early (1 FLT3 mutated). Most frequent grade 3 and higher related adverse events: hyperbilirubinemia (5), rash and hand-foot syndrome (3), raised transaminases (2), diarrhea (2), hypertension (2). With a median f/u of 5.4 mo (range, 0.5 - 11.3), the probability of survival at 6 mo is 81.6%. 5 pts have relapsed; median CR duration has not been reached, (range; 0.2+ - 10.6+ mo). Among pts with FLT3 mutation, 4 have relapsed and 9 remain in CR. Plasma inhibitory assay was performed using day 7 samples from 10 pts; mutant FLT3 was suppressed by all with 5-fold more potent suppression against mutant versus wild-type FLT3. Conclusions: S can be safely combined with IA; it has a high CR rate in frontline therapy of younger pts with AML, in particular those with FLT3 mutations. Correlative studies confirm potent activity of S against FLT3 signaling. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ravandi Kashani
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - J. Cortes
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - S. Faderl
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - D. Jones
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - A. Byrd
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - M. Brandt
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - G. Garcia-Manero
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - M. Levis
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - M. Andreeff
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - H. Kantarjian
- UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
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11
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Merrill R, Brown J, Byrd A, Alder S, Baker R, White G, Lyon J. 482: Risk of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Children and the Parents of Children Undergoing Cancer Workup or Treatment. Am J Epidemiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Merrill
- Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
| | - J Brown
- Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
| | - A Byrd
- Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
| | - S Alder
- Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
| | - R Baker
- Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
| | - G White
- Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
| | - J Lyon
- Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- A Byrd
- Genetics Unit, Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Verstovsek G, Byrd A, Frey MR, Petrelli NJ, Black JD. Colonocyte differentiation is associated with increased expression and altered distribution of protein kinase C isozymes. Gastroenterology 1998; 115:75-85. [PMID: 9649461 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Colon cancer cells express reduced levels of protein kinase C (PKC). This study examines the regulation of PKC isozymes in normal colonic epithelium, as a basis for understanding the significance of alterations in this enzyme system in colon carcinogenesis. METHODS The expression and localization of PKC isozymes in mouse and rat colonocytes at different developmental stages were determined using a combined morphological and biochemical approach. PKC alpha expression was compared in colonic adenocarcinomas and adjacent normal mucosa by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS Mouse and rat colonocytes express PKC alpha, beta II, delta, epsilon, and zeta. Relatively low levels of these isozymes were detected in proliferating cells of the crypt base, predominantly in the cytosolic compartment. Coincident with colonocyte growth arrest/differentiation, PKC isozyme expression markedly increased in both the cytosolic and, more significantly, in the membrane/cytoskeletal fraction. Colonic tumors express reduced levels of PKC alpha, an isozyme that has been implicated in negative control of intestinal cell growth. CONCLUSIONS These findings are supportive of a role for certain PKC isozyme(s) in signaling pathways mediating postmitotic events in colonocytes in situ, and suggest that diminished activity of these pathway(s) may contribute to the alterations in growth control/differentiation associated with colonic neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Verstovsek
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Tsai CM, Gu XX, Byrd A. S15.26 Quantitation of polysaccharide in haemophilus type B conjugate vaccines by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Glycoconj J 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01210112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Edwards MS, Levin VA, Byrd A. Quantitative observations of the subacute effects of X irradiation on brain capillary permeability: Part II. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1979; 5:1633-5. [PMID: 536271 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(79)90787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Levin VA, Edwards MS, Byrd A. Quantitative observations of the acute effects of X-irradiation on brain capillary permeability: Part I. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1979; 5:1627-31. [PMID: 94058 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(79)90786-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Levin VA, Stearns J, Byrd A, Finn A, Weinkam RJ. The effect of phenobarbital pretreatment on the antitumor activity of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl-1-nitrosourea (PCNU), and on the plasma pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of BCNU. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1979; 208:1-6. [PMID: 759602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many patients being treated for primary and secondary brain tumors receive phenobarbital as an anticonvulsant. The effects of chronic oral administration of phenobarbital on the antitumor activity of BCNU, CCNU and PCNU against the intracerebral 9L tumor in rats were determined. Phenobarbital pretreatment eliminated the antitumor activity of BCNU and reduced the activity of PCNU and CCNU. Pretreatment with phenytoin, sodium methylprednisolone succinate and dexamethasone had little or no effect. Pharmacokinetic data for i.v. BCNU in the plasma of rats showed an increase in drug clearance for phenobarbital pretreated animals, compared to a control group. Larger differences were observed when BCNU was given i.p. The half-life of BCNU in sera from pretreated and control group rats was similar. Finally, the in vitro rate of BCNU disappearance in 9000 X g supernatants and microsomes from the livers of pretreated rats was 5-fold faster than the rate of disappearance of BCNU in supernatants from normal animals. We conclude that the chronic oral administration of phenobarbital induces a change in liver enzymes, which accelerates the clearance of BCNU, thereby reducing the antitumor activity of BCNU and the other nitrosoureas. Phenobarbital pretreatment reduces systemic BCNU toxicity.
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