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Sarkar R, Bolel P, Kapoor A, Eliseeva E, Dulcey AE, Templin JS, Wang AQ, Xu X, Southall N, Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Neumann S, Marugan JJ, Gershengorn MC. An Orally Efficacious Thyrotropin Receptor Ligand Inhibits Growth and Metastatic Activity of Thyroid Cancers. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae114. [PMID: 38421044 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid-stimulating hormone (or thyrotropin) receptor (TSHR) could be a selective target for small molecule ligands to treat thyroid cancer (TC). OBJECTIVE We report a novel, orally efficacious ligand for TSHR that exhibits proliferation inhibitory activity against human TC in vitro and in vivo, and inhibition of metastasis in vivo. DESIGN A35 (NCATS-SM4420; NCGC00241808) was selected from a sub-library of >200 TSHR ligands. Cell proliferation assays including BrdU incorporation and WST-1, along with molecular docking studies were done. In vivo activity of A35 was assessed in TC cell-derived xenograft (CDX) models with immunocompromised (NSG) mice. FFPE sections of tumor and lung tissues were observed for the extent of cell death and metastasis. RESULTS A35 was shown to stimulate cAMP production in some cell types by activating TSHR but not in TC cells, MDA-T32 and MDA-T85. A35 inhibited proliferation of MDA-T32 & MDA-T85 in vitro and in vivo, and pulmonary metastasis of MDA-T85F1 in mice. In vitro, A35 inhibition of proliferation was reduced by a selective TSHR antagonist. Inhibition of CDX tumor growth without decreases in mouse weights and liver function showed A35 to be efficacious without apparent toxicity. Lastly, A35 reduced levels of Ki67 in the tumors and metastatic markers in lung tissues. CONCLUSION We conclude that A35 is a TSHR-selective inhibitor of TC cell proliferation and metastasis, and suggest that A35 may be a promising lead drug candidate for the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhitajit Sarkar
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Priyanka Bolel
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Abhijeet Kapoor
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Elena Eliseeva
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrés E Dulcey
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay S Templin
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Noel Southall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susanne Neumann
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Marvin C Gershengorn
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Kato R, Zeng W, Siramshetty VB, Williams J, Kabir M, Hagen N, Padilha EC, Wang AQ, Mathé EA, Xu X, Shah P. Development and validation of PAMPA-BBB QSAR model to predict brain penetration potential of novel drug candidates. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1291246. [PMID: 38108064 PMCID: PMC10722238 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1291246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficiently circumventing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a major hurdle in the development of drugs that target the central nervous system. Although there are several methods to determine BBB permeability of small molecules, the Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) is one of the most common assays in drug discovery due to its robust and high-throughput nature. Drug discovery is a long and costly venture, thus, any advances to streamline this process are beneficial. In this study, ∼2,000 compounds from over 60 NCATS projects were screened in the PAMPA-BBB assay to develop a quantitative structure-activity relationship model to predict BBB permeability of small molecules. After analyzing both state-of-the-art and latest machine learning methods, we found that random forest based on RDKit descriptors as additional features provided the best training balanced accuracy (0.70 ± 0.015) and a message-passing variant of graph convolutional neural network that uses RDKit descriptors provided the highest balanced accuracy (0.72) on a prospective validation set. Finally, we correlated in vitro PAMPA-BBB data with in vivo brain permeation data in rodents to observe a categorical correlation of 77%, suggesting that models developed using data from PAMPA-BBB can forecast in vivo brain permeability. Given that majority of prior research has relied on in vitro or in vivo data for assessing BBB permeability, our model, developed using the largest PAMPA-BBB dataset to date, offers an orthogonal means to estimate BBB permeability of small molecules. We deposited a subset of our data into PubChem bioassay database (AID: 1845228) and deployed the best performing model on the NCATS Open Data ADME portal (https://opendata.ncats.nih.gov/adme/). These initiatives were undertaken with the aim of providing valuable resources for the drug discovery community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rintaro Kato
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Wenyu Zeng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Vishal B. Siramshetty
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Jordan Williams
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Md Kabir
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Natalie Hagen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Elias C. Padilha
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Amy Q. Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ewy A. Mathé
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Pranav Shah
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, United States
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Padilha EC, Yang M, Shah P, Wang AQ, Duan J, Park JK, Zawatsky CN, Malicdan MCV, Kunos G, Iyer MR, Gaucher G, Ravenelle F, Cinar R, Xu X. In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic characterization, chiral conversion and PBPK scaling towards human PK simulation of S-MRI-1867, a drug candidate for Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome pulmonary fibrosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115178. [PMID: 37890204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that affects lysosome-related organelles, often leading to fatal pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The search for a treatment for HPS pulmonary fibrosis (HPSPF) is ongoing. S-MRI-1867, a dual cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, has shown great promise for the treatment of several fibrotic diseases, including HPSPF. In this study, we investigated the in vitro ADME characteristics of S-MRI-1867, as well as its pharmacokinetic (PK) properties in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys. S-MRI-1867 showed low aqueous solubility (< 1 µg/mL), high plasma protein binding (>99%), and moderate to high metabolic stability. In its preclinical PK studies, S-MRI-1867 exhibited moderate to low plasma clearance (CLp) and high steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss) across all species. Despite the low solubility and P-gp efflux, S-MRI-1867 showed great permeability and metabolic stability leading to a moderate bioavailability (21-60%) across mouse, rat, dog, and monkey. Since the R form of MRI-1867 is CB1R-inactive, we investigated the potential conversion of S-MRI-1867 to R-MRI-1867 in mice and found that the chiral conversion was negligible. Furthermore, we developed and validated a PBPK model that adequately fits the PK profiles of S-MRI-1867 in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys using various dosing regimens. We employed this PBPK model to simulate the human PK profiles of S-MRI-1867, enabling us to inform human dose selection and support the advancement of this promising drug candidate in the treatment of HPSPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias C Padilha
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Core, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Mengbi Yang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Core, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pranav Shah
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Core, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Core, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Joshua K Park
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Charles N Zawatsky
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, UDP Translational Laboratory, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Malliga R Iyer
- Section on Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, 5625 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | | | | | - Resat Cinar
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Core, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Su X, Wang HJ, Li B, Zhou MF, Duan YC, Jiang KY, Wang AQ, Wang R, Cao YS. [Characteristics of SPECT/CT-derived pulmonary perfusion imaging in chronic pulmonary vascular stenosis with different etiologies]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2023; 51:970-976. [PMID: 37709714 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20230611-00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the characteristics of pulmonary blood flow perfusion imaging of single photo emission computer tomography/computer tomography (SPECT/CT) in chronic pulmonary vascular Stenosis (CPVS) caused by different etiological factors. Methods: This is a retropective study. Present study screened 50 consecutive cases diagnosed with chronic pulmonary vascular stenosis from January 2019 to January 2020 in the department of cardiology of Gansu Provincial Hospital and underwent SPECT/CT pulmonary blood flow perfusion examination. Thirteen patients were excluded because of pulmonary vascular lesions with a disease course of less than 3 months and poor image quality. According to the etiology, patients were divided into fibrosing mediastinitis (FM) group, Takyasu's arteritis (PTA) group, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension/chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPH/CTED) group. The severity of pulmonary blood flow perfusion was evaluated in accordance with the Begic scoring principle in the three groups. The overall Begic score, lung lobe scores among three groups were compared. CT signs of lung SPECT/CT, such as enlargement of hilar lymph node, atelectasis, bronchial stenosis, were also analyzed in three groups. Results: A total of 37 patients with chronic pulmonary vascular stenosis were finally enrolled (18 in the FM group, 5 in the PTA group, and 14 in the CTEPH/CTED group). The total Begic score of pulmonary perfusions was similar among the three groups (F=0.657,P>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the left upper lobe Begic score among the three groups (H=4.081, P<0.05). The left upper lobe Begic score was higher in the FM group than in the PTA group (3.44±2.50 vs. 1.60±0.55, P<0.05). As compared to other two groups, patients in FM group were featured with CT signs of higher percent of hilar enlargement (FM group vs. PTA group: 16/18 vs. 1/5, P=0.008; FM group vs. CTEPH/CTED group: 16/18 vs. 3/14, P=0.000 2), enlargement of the pulmonary hilum lymph nodes (FM group vs. PTA group: 14/18 vs. 1/5, P=0.033; FM group vs. CTEPH/CTED group: 14/18 vs. 2/14, P=0.001), and calcification of mediastinal soft tissue (FM group vs. PTA group: 11/18 to 0/5, P=0.037; FM group vs. CTEPH/CTED group: 11/18 vs. 1/14, P=0.003). The proportion of CT signs of bronchial stenosis (9/18 vs. 0/14, P=0.002) and atelectasis (9/18 vs. 1/14, P=0.002) was also higher in the FM group than in the CTEPH/CTED group. In case of abnormal pulmonary blood flow perfusion, the diagnostic accuracy of CT signs hilar enlargement, hilar lymph node enlargement, mediastinal soft tissue calcification, bronchial stenosis, and atelectasis for the diagnosis of FM were 81.1%, 83.8%, 78.4%, 75.7%, and 73.0%, respectively. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the Begic score of SPECT/CT pulmonary blood flow perfusion imagines among the three groups of patients. Impaired pulmonary blood flow perfusion combined with typical CT signs is useful for identifying patients with FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Su
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H J Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - B Li
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonary Vascular Disease Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - M F Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y C Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - K Y Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonary Vascular Disease Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - A Q Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonary Vascular Disease Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - R Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y S Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonary Vascular Disease Center, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Gao X, Yang YB, Wang AQ, Zhang XC, Zhu XL, Yin ZX, Wu J. [The sleep condition and its association with cognitive function of the elderly in six provinces of China]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 57:522-527. [PMID: 37032162 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220520-00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the association between sleep duration and cognitive function of the elderly in six provinces of China. Methods: Based on the cross-sectional survey data of the elderly from the Healthy Ageing Assessment Cohort Study in 2019, 4 644 participants' sociodemographic and economic indicators, lifestyle, prevalence of major chronic diseases, and sleep status, including night-time sleep duration, daytime sleep duration and insomnia, were collected by questionnaires. Cognitive function was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between night-time sleep duration, daytime sleep duration and cognitive function. Results: The mean age of 4 644 respondents was (72.3±5.7) years, and 2 111 of them were males (45.5%). The mean total daily sleep time of the elderly was (7.9±1.9) hours, and the proportion of those who slept less than 7.0, 7.0-8.9 and≥9.0 hours was 24.1% (1 119), 42.1% (1 954) and 33.8% (1 571), respectively. The mean sleep time at night was (6.9±1.7) hours. About 23.7% (1 102) of the elderly did not sleep during the day, and the mean duration of the elderly who slept during the day was (78±51) minutes. Among the elderly with insomnia, 47.9% were still satisfied with their sleep quality. The mean value of MMSE score of 4 644 respondents was (24.5±5.3), and the cognitive impairment rate was 28.3% (1 316). The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that the OR (95%CI) value of the risk of cognitive impairment in older people who did not sleep, slept for 31 to 60 minutes and slept more than one hour was 1.473 (1.139 to 1.904), 1.277 (1.001 to 1.629) and 1.496 (1.160 to 1.928), respectively, compared with those who slept for 1 to 30 minutes during the daytime. Compared with those who slept for 7.0‒8.9 hours at night, the OR (95%CI) value of the risk of cognitive impairment in older people who slept more than 9.0 hours was 1.239 (1.011 to 1.519). Conclusion: The cognitive function is related to sleep duration in the Chinese elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Gao
- Office of NCD and Ageing Health Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Y B Yang
- Office of NCD and Ageing Health Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - A Q Wang
- Office of NCD and Ageing Health Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - X C Zhang
- Office of NCD and Ageing Health Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - X L Zhu
- Office of NCD and Ageing Health Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Z X Yin
- Office of NCD and Ageing Health Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - J Wu
- Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
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Yang M, Wang AQ, Padilha EC, Shah P, Hagen NR, Ryu C, Shamim K, Huang W, Xu X. Use of physiological based pharmacokinetic modeling for cross-species prediction of pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution profiles of a novel niclosamide prodrug. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1099425. [PMID: 37113753 PMCID: PMC10126473 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1099425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Niclosamide (Nc) is an FDA-approved anthelmintic drug that was recently identified in a drug repurposing screening to possess antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. However, due to the low solubility and permeability of Nc, its in vivo efficacy was limited by its poor oral absorption. Method: The current study evaluated a novel prodrug of Nc (PDN; NCATS-SM4705) in improving in vivo exposure of Nc and predicted pharmacokinetic profiles of PDN and Nc across different species. ADME properties of the prodrug were determined in humans, hamsters, and mice, while the pharmacokinetics (PK) of PDN were obtained in mice and hamsters. Concentrations of PDN and Nc in plasma and tissue homogenates were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed based on physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution data in mice, validated by the PK profiles in hamsters and applied to predict pharmacokinetic profiles in humans. Results: Following intravenous and oral administration of PDN in mice, the total plasma clearance (CLp) and volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) were 0.061-0.063 L/h and 0.28-0.31 L, respectively. PDN was converted to Nc in both liver and blood, improving the systemic exposure of Nc in mice and hamsters after oral administration. The PBPK model developed for PDN and in vivo formed Nc could adequately simulate plasma and tissue concentration-time profiles in mice and plasma profiles in hamsters. The predicted human CLp/F and Vdss/F after an oral dose were 2.1 L/h/kg and 15 L/kg for the prodrug respectively. The predicted Nc concentrations in human plasma and lung suggest that a TID dose of 300 mg PDN would provide Nc lung concentrations at 8- to 60-fold higher than in vitro IC50 against SARS-CoV-2 reported in cell assays. Conclusion: In conclusion, the novel prodrug PDN can be efficiently converted to Nc in vivo and improves the systemic exposure of Nc in mice after oral administration. The developed PBPK model adequately depicts the mouse and hamster pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution profiles and highlights its potential application in the prediction of human pharmacokinetic profiles.
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Zhang HY, Zhu S, Xu W, Wang AQ, Wang XL. [Efficacy of dienogest versus gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist combined with dienogest sequential therapy in the treatment of adenomyosis]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 57:856-863. [PMID: 36456483 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20220520-00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of dienogest (DNG) alone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) combined with DNG sequential treatment to adenomyosis. Methods: The clinical data of 110 patients with adenomyosis attending the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from December 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 40 patients treated with DNG (2 mg/day) alone (DNG group) and 70 patients treated with sequential DNG (2 mg/day) after 3-6 injections of GnRH-a (GnRH-a+DNG group). The clinical data before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: (1) The dysmenorrhea visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels at different time periods after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment in both groups (median before treatment: DNG group 70.0 mm, 68.55 kU/L, 22.45 kU/L respectively, GnRH-a+DNG group 80.0 mm, 151.50 kU/L, 20.44 kU/L respectively; all P<0.001). (2) The hemoglobin (Hb) levels of patients in both groups at different time periods after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment (median: DNG group 102.00 g/L, GnRH-a+DNG group 94.00 g/L; all P<0.001). (3) Treatment with DNG alone did not have a significant effect on uterine volume in patients of DNG group (P>0.05), and uterine volume decreased significantly in the 15th-24th months of GnRH-a+DNG group compared with that before treatment (median: 167.76 vs 227.77 cm3; P<0.05). (4) There were no significant differences in hepatic and renal function and coagulation indexes between the two groups before and after treatment (all P>0.05), and no significant abnormal lesions were observed in breast tissue during the follow-up period. (5) The incidence of amenorrhea of GnRH-a+DNG group was higher than that of DNG group, and the incidences of irregular spotting bleeding and breakthrough hemorrhage were lower than those in DNG group. Conclusions: Whether DNG is used alone or in combination with GnRH-a in sequence, it could significantly relieve dysmenorrhea symptoms, improve the level of Hb, reduce the levels of CA125 and CA19-9 in patients with adenomyosis, with no adverse effects on coagulation and hepatic or renal function. GnRH-a sequential DNG therapy is superior to DNG alone in improving uterine bleeding patterns and controlling the growth of uterine volume in patients with adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - S Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - W Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - A Q Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - X L Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210036, China
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Wang AQ, Hagen NR, Padilha EC, Yang M, Shah P, Chen CZ, Huang W, Terse P, Sanderson P, Zheng W, Xu X. Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and In Vitro Properties of GS-441524, a Potential Oral Drug Candidate for COVID-19 Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:918083. [PMID: 36052127 PMCID: PMC9424906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.918083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical pharmacokinetics (PK) and In Vitro ADME properties of GS-441524, a potential oral agent for the treatment of Covid-19, were studied. GS-441524 was stable in vitro in liver microsomes, cytosols, and hepatocytes of mice, rats, monkeys, dogs, and humans. The plasma free fractions of GS-441524 were 62-78% across all studied species. The in vitro transporter study results showed that GS-441524 was a substrate of MDR1, BCRP, CNT3, ENT1, and ENT2; but not a substrate of CNT1, CNT2, and ENT4. GS-441524 had a low to moderate plasma clearance (CLp), ranging from 4.1 mL/min/kg in dogs to 26 mL/min/kg in mice; the steady state volume distribution (Vdss) ranged from 0.9 L/kg in dogs to 2.4 L/kg in mice after IV administration. Urinary excretion appeared to be the major elimination process for GS-441524. Following oral administration, the oral bioavailability was 8.3% in monkeys, 33% in rats, 39% in mice, and 85% in dogs. The PK and ADME properties of GS-441524 support its further development as an oral drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Q. Wang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Xu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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Zhang HY, Wang AQ, Zhu S, Yu L, Sun JF, Xu W, Wang XL. [Changes of coagulation function in patients with adenomyosis]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2022; 57:179-189. [PMID: 35385955 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20211229-00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the different coagulation state in patients with adenomyosis and its clinical significance. Methods: Clinical data of the patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2017 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. (1) Differential coagulation state between 25 healthy women and 25 patients with adenomyosis were compared during menstrual and non-menstrual periods. (2) The coagulation indexes of 145 patients with adenomyosis (observation group 1) and 129 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade Ⅲ (control group 1) who underwent hysterectomy in non-menstrual period were compared. (3) The coagulation indexes of 154 patients with adenomyosis (observation group 2) and 147 women without myometrial lesions (control group 2) who underwent endometrial curettage during uterine bleeding period were compared. (4) Correlations of coagulation index with cancer antigen 125 (CA125), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and uterine volume in patients with adenomyosis were analyzed. Results: (1) The coagulation state of each health women during the menstrual and non-menstrual period showed no significant differences (all P>0.05). For the 25 patients with adenomyosis, fibrinogen [FIB; 2.61 g/L(2.50-3.10 g/L)] and D-dimer [0.60 mg/L (0.40-1.00 mg/L)] in the menstrual period were significantly higher than those in the non-menstrual period [2.25 g/L (1.90-2.70 g/L) and 0.27 mg/L (0.20-0.40 mg/L), respectively; both P<0.01], while thrombin time [TT; 16.70 s (16.10-17.40 s)] in the menstrual period was significantly lower than that in the non-menstrual period [17.95 s (17.20-18.40 s); P<0.01]. (2) In the non-bleeding period, D-dimer [0.26 mg/L (0.20-0.40 mg/L)] and platelet count [257.0×109/L (212.0×109/L-308.5×109/L)] of observation group 1 were significantly higher than those of control group 1 (all P<0.01). Besides, FIB (r=0.237, P=0.004) and D-dimer (r=0.373, P<0.001) were positively correlated with CA125, while prothrombin time (PT; r=-0.208, P=0.012) and internationalized normalized ratio of plasma prothrombin time (PT-INR; r=-0.201, P=0.015) were negatively correlated with CA19-9. (3) In the bleeding period, PT [10.70 s (10.10-11.20 s)] and PT-INR [0.93 (0.90-1.00)] of observation group 2 were significantly lower than those of control group 2 (all P<0.01), while D-dimer [0.41 mg/L (0.20-0.80 mg/L)] was significantly higher than that in the control group 2 (P<0.001). Furthermore, FIB (r=0.252, P=0.038) and D-dimer (r=0.321, P=0.008) were positively correlated with uterine volume, while activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT; r=-0.190, P=0.018) and TT (r=-0.304, P=0.012) were negatively correlated with uterine volume. (4) During non-menstrual period and uterine bleeding period, APTT and TT in patients of observation group 1 and 2 combined with anemia were significantly lower than those of non-anemia patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Patients with adenomyosis have a tendency to hypercoagulability in both the uterine bleeding and non-bleeding periods, which may be related to enlarged uterine volume, increased serum CA125 and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - A Q Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - S Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - L Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - J F Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - W Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - X L Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210036, China
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10
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Highland JN, Morris PJ, Konrath KM, Riggs LM, Hagen NR, Zanos P, Powels CF, Moaddel R, Thomas CJ, Wang AQ, Gould TD. Hydroxynorketamine Pharmacokinetics and Antidepressant Behavioral Effects of (2 ,6)- and (5 R)-Methyl-(2 R,6 R)-hydroxynorketamines. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:510-523. [PMID: 35113535 PMCID: PMC9926475 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(R,S)-Ketamine is rapidly metabolized to form a range of metabolites in vivo, including 12 unique hydroxynorketamines (HNKs) that are distinguished by a cyclohexyl ring hydroxylation at the 4, 5, or 6 position. While both (2R,6R)- and (2S,6S)-HNK readily penetrate the brain and exert rapid antidepressant-like actions in preclinical tests following peripheral administration, the pharmacokinetic profiles and pharmacodynamic actions of 10 other HNKs have not been examined. We assessed the pharmacokinetic profiles of all 12 HNKs in the plasma and brains of male and female mice and compared the relative potencies of four (2,6)-HNKs to induce antidepressant-relevant behavioral effects in the forced swim test in male mice. While all HNKs were readily brain-penetrable following intraperitoneal injection, there were robust differences in peak plasma and brain concentrations and exposures. Forced swim test immobility rank order of potency, from most to least potent, was (2R,6S)-, (2S,6R)-, (2R,6R)-, and (2S,6S)-HNK. We hypothesized that distinct structure-activity relationships and the resulting potency of each metabolite are linked to unique substitution patterns and resultant conformation of the six-membered cyclohexanone ring system. To explore this, we synthesized (5R)-methyl-(2R,6R)-HNK, which incorporates a methyl substitution on the cyclohexanone ring. (5R)-Methyl-(2R,6R)-HNK exhibited similar antidepressant-like potency to (2R,6S)-HNK. These results suggest that conformation of the cyclohexanone ring system in the (2,6)-HNKs is an important factor underlying potency and that additional engineering of this structural feature may improve the development of a new generation of HNKs. Such HNKs may represent novel drug candidates for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn N. Highland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
- Program in Toxicology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Patrick J. Morris
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20850, USA
| | - Kylie M. Konrath
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20850, USA
| | - Lace M. Riggs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Natalie R. Hagen
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20850, USA
| | - Panos Zanos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
- Current address: Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Chris F. Powels
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Craig J. Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20850, USA
| | - Amy Q. Wang
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville MD 20850, USA
| | - Todd D. Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
- Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore MD 21201, USA
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11
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Williams J, Siramshetty V, Nguyễn ÐT, Padilha EC, Kabir M, Yu KR, Wang AQ, Zhao T, Itkin M, Shinn P, Mathé EA, Xu X, Shah P. Using in vitro ADME data for lead compound selection: An emphasis on PAMPA pH 5 permeability and oral bioavailability. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 56:116588. [PMID: 35030421 PMCID: PMC9843724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Membrane permeability plays an important role in oral drug absorption. Caco-2 and Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell culture systems have been widely used for assessing intestinal permeability. Since most drugs are absorbed passively, Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA) has gained popularity as a low-cost and high-throughput method in early drug discovery when compared to high-cost, labor intensive cell-based assays. At the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), PAMPA pH 5 is employed as one of the Tier I absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) assays. In this study, we have developed a quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model using our ∼6500 compound PAMPA pH 5 permeability dataset. Along with ensemble decision tree-based methods such as Random Forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting, we employed deep neural network and a graph convolutional neural network to model PAMPA pH 5 permeability. The classification models trained on a balanced training set provided accuracies ranging from 71% to 78% on the external set. Of the four classifiers, the graph convolutional neural network that directly operates on molecular graphs offered the best classification performance. Additionally, an ∼85% correlation was obtained between PAMPA pH 5 permeability and in vivo oral bioavailability in mice and rats. These results suggest that data from this assay (experimental or predicted) can be used to rank-order compounds for preclinical in vivo testing with a high degree of confidence, reducing cost and attrition as well as accelerating the drug discovery process. Additionally, experimental data for 486 compounds (PubChem AID: 1645871) and the best models have been made publicly available (https://opendata.ncats.nih.gov/adme/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Williams
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Vishal Siramshetty
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ðắc-Trung Nguyễn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Elias Carvalho Padilha
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Md Kabir
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States,The Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Kyeong-Ri Yu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States,Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health Systems, 1200 E Broad St, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Amy Q. Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Tongan Zhao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Misha Itkin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Paul Shinn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ewy A. Mathé
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Pranav Shah
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States,Corresponding Author: Pranav Shah,
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12
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Duan YC, Su HL, Wei R, Jiang KY, Wang AQ, Yang YH, Pan X, Zhang Y, Cao YS. [Short-term efficacy and perioperative safety of catheter-based intervention for pulmonary vein stenosis caused by fibrosing mediastinitis]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2022; 50:55-61. [PMID: 35045615 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20210507-00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the short-term efficacy and perioperative safety of catheter-based intervention in patients with pulmonary vein stenosis caused by fibrosing mediastinitis (FM). Methods: It was a case series study. Consecutive patients with pulmonary vein stenosis caused by FM, who underwent percutaneous pulmonary vein angioplasty in Gansu Provincial Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020, were retrospective enrolled. The baseline characteristics, comorbidities, exercise capacity and hemodynamic data before and after treatment were compared, and the procedural related complications were evaluated. Results: A total of 30 patients ((64.3±7.1) years, 15 males) were included. Sixty-three pulmonary vein stenosis were treated by 32 percutaneous pulmonary vein angioplasty procedures. Forty-four stents were implanted in 41 pulmonary veins after balloon angioplasty, and the diameter of implanted stents was (8.3±1.2)mm. Balloon angioplasty was performed on 22 pulmonary vein stenosis, the mean balloon diameter was (4.2±2.1)mm. The pulmonary vein diameter increased from (2.6±1.3) to (6.6±2.6) mm (P<0.001) and the pressure gradient across the pulmonary vein stenotic segment reduced from 19 (12, 29) to 2 (0, 4) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) (P<0.001) immediately post procedure. The pulmonary vein flow grade was significantly improved compared with baseline (P<0.001). The most common operation related complications were lung injury (44.0% (11/25)) and hemoptysis (18.8% (6/32)), which did not need special treatment. During the 2.0 (1.3, 3.2) months follow-up, the WHO functional class was significantly improved (P<0.05), the 6-minute walking distance increased from (254.8±114.5) m to (342.8±72.4)m (P<0.05), the mean pulmonary arterial pressure decreased from (40.9±8.3) mmHg to (35.4±7.7) mmHg (P<0.01), 17 out of 19 patients with refractory pleural effusion experienced total remission during the follow-up period (P<0.001). CT pulmonary venography was repeated in 17 patients. The incidence of in-stent restenosis of pulmonary vein was 24.0% (6/25). Conclusions: Percutaneous pulmonary vein angioplasty is effective for the treatment of pulmonary vein stenosis caused by fibrosing mediastinitis. However, it's not so safe, procedural related complication should be paid attention to and the rate of in-stent restenosis is relative high during the short-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H L Su
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - R Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - K Y Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - A Q Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y H Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - X Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Translational Medicine Laboratory, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Y S Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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13
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Su HL, Liu J, Wang AQ, Cao YS. [A retrograde approach for the treatment of pulmonary artery chronic total occlusion: a case report]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2021; 49:1235-1237. [PMID: 34905902 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20210607-00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H L Su
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Lanzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - A Q Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y S Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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14
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Rolt A, Talley DC, Park SB, Hu Z, Dulcey A, Ma C, Irvin P, Leek M, Wang AQ, Stachulski AV, Xu X, Southall N, Ferrer M, Liang TJ, Marugan JJ. Discovery and Optimization of a 4-Aminopiperidine Scaffold for Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Assembly. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9431-9443. [PMID: 34184537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The majority of FDA-approved HCV therapeutics target the viral replicative machinery. An automated high-throughput phenotypic screen identified several small molecules as potent inhibitors of hepatitis C virus replication. Here, we disclose the discovery and optimization of a 4-aminopiperidine (4AP) scaffold targeting the assembly stages of the HCV life cycle. The original screening hit (1) demonstrates efficacy in the HCVcc assay but does not show potency prior to or during viral replication. Colocalization and infectivity studies indicate that the 4AP chemotype inhibits the assembly and release of infectious HCV. Compound 1 acts synergistically with FDA-approved direct-acting antiviral compounds Telaprevir and Daclatasvir, as well as broad spectrum antivirals Ribavirin and cyclosporin A. Following an SAR campaign, several derivatives of the 4AP series have been identified with increased potency against HCV, reduced in vitro toxicity, as well as improved in vitro and in vivo ADME properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rolt
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Daniel C Talley
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zongyi Hu
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Andrés Dulcey
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Christopher Ma
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Parker Irvin
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Madeleine Leek
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Andrew V Stachulski
- The Robert Robinson Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Noel Southall
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Juan J Marugan
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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15
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Henderson MJ, Trychta KA, Yang SM, Bäck S, Yasgar A, Wires ES, Danchik C, Yan X, Yano H, Shi L, Wu KJ, Wang AQ, Tao D, Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi G, Hu X, Xu X, Maloney D, Zakharov AV, Rai G, Urano F, Airavaara M, Gavrilova O, Jadhav A, Wang Y, Simeonov A, Harvey BK. A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109040. [PMID: 33910017 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysregulation is associated with pathologies including neurodegenerative, muscular, and diabetic conditions. Depletion of ER calcium can lead to the loss of resident proteins in a process termed exodosis. To identify compounds that attenuate the redistribution of ER proteins under pathological conditions, we performed a quantitative high-throughput screen using the Gaussia luciferase (GLuc)-secreted ER calcium modulated protein (SERCaMP) assay, which monitors secretion of ER-resident proteins triggered by calcium depletion. We identify several clinically used drugs, including bromocriptine, and further characterize them using assays to measure effects on ER calcium, ER stress, and ER exodosis. Bromocriptine elicits protective effects in cell-based models of exodosis as well as in vivo models of stroke and diabetes. Bromocriptine analogs with reduced dopamine receptor activity retain similar efficacy in stabilizing the ER proteome, indicating a non-canonical mechanism of action. This study describes a strategic approach to identify small-molecule drugs capable of improving ER proteostasis in human disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Henderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Kathleen A Trychta
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shyh-Ming Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Susanne Bäck
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Emily S Wires
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Carina Danchik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xiaokang Yan
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Hideaki Yano
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Kuo-Jen Wu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Amy Q Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Dingyin Tao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Gergely Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - David Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Alexey V Zakharov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Fumihiko Urano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE & Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Brandon K Harvey
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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16
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Ma CD, Imamura M, Talley DC, Rolt A, Xu X, Wang AQ, Le D, Uchida T, Osawa M, Teraoka Y, Li K, Hu X, Park SB, Chalasani N, Irvin PH, Dulcey AE, Southall N, Marugan JJ, Hu Z, Chayama K, Frankowski KJ, Liang TJ. Fluoxazolevir inhibits hepatitis C virus infection in humanized chimeric mice by blocking viral membrane fusion. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:1532-1541. [PMID: 32868923 PMCID: PMC7677215 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fluoxazolevir is an aryloxazole-based entry inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV). We show that fluoxazolevir inhibits fusion of HCV with hepatic cells by binding HCV envelope protein 1 to prevent fusion. Nine of ten fluoxazolevir resistance-associated substitutions are in envelope protein 1, and four are in a putative fusion peptide. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice, rats and dogs revealed that fluoxazolevir localizes to the liver. A 4-week intraperitoneal regimen of fluoxazolevir in humanized chimeric mice infected with HCV genotypes 1b, 2a or 3 resulted in a 2-log reduction in viraemia, without evidence of drug resistance. In comparison, daclatasvir, an approved HCV drug, suppressed more than 3 log of viraemia but is associated with the emergence of resistance-associated substitutions in mice. Combination therapy using fluoxazolevir and daclatasvir cleared HCV genotypes 1b and 3 in mice. Fluoxazolevir combined with glecaprevir and pibrentasvir was also effective in clearing multidrug-resistant HCV replication in mice. Fluoxazolevir may be promising as the next generation of combination drug cocktails for HCV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Ma
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daniel C Talley
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Adam Rolt
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Derek Le
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Osawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Teraoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kelin Li
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nishanth Chalasani
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Parker H Irvin
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andres E Dulcey
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Noel Southall
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Juan J Marugan
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Zongyi Hu
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kevin J Frankowski
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tsanyang Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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17
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Zhang Q, Chen CZ, Swaroop M, Xu M, Wang L, Lee J, Wang AQ, Pradhan M, Hagen N, Chen L, Shen M, Luo Z, Xu X, Xu Y, Huang W, Zheng W, Ye Y. Heparan sulfate assists SARS-CoV-2 in cell entry and can be targeted by approved drugs in vitro. bioRxiv 2020:2020.07.14.202549. [PMID: 32699847 PMCID: PMC7373127 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.14.202549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as an attractive drug repurposing target for COVID-19. Here we combine genetics and chemical perturbation to demonstrate that ACE2-mediated entry of SARS-CoV and CoV-2 requires the cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) as an assisting cofactor: ablation of genes involved in HS biosynthesis or incubating cells with a HS mimetic both inhibit Spike-mediated viral entry. We show that heparin/HS binds to Spike directly, facilitates the attachment of viral particles to the cell surface to promote cell entry. We screened approved drugs and identified two classes of inhibitors that act via distinct mechanisms to target this entry pathway. Among the drugs characterized, Mitoxantrone is a potent HS inhibitor, while Sunitinib and BNTX disrupt the actin network to indirectly abrogate HS-assisted viral entry. We further show that drugs of the two classes can be combined to generate a synergized activity against SARS-CoV-2-induced cytopathic effect. Altogether, our study establishes HS as an attachment factor that assists SARS coronavirus cell entry, and reveals drugs capable of targeting this important step in the viral life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Catherine Z. Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Manju Swaroop
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Miao Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Lihui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Juhyung Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amy Q. Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Manisha Pradhan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Natalie Hagen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Lu Chen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Zhiji Luo
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Yue Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Wenwei Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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18
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Krishnan K, Ziniel P, Li H, Huang X, Hupalo D, Gombakomba N, Guerrero SM, Dotrang T, Lu X, Caridha D, Sternberg AR, Hughes E, Sun W, Bargieri DY, Roepe PD, Sciotti RJ, Wilkerson MD, Dalgard CL, Tawa GJ, Wang AQ, Xu X, Zheng W, Sanderson PE, Huang W, Williamson KC. Torin 2 Derivative, NCATS-SM3710, Has Potent Multistage Antimalarial Activity through Inhibition of P. falciparum Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase ( Pf PI4KIIIβ). ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:948-964. [PMID: 33073193 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a constant threat to malaria control efforts making it important to maintain a good pipeline of new drug candidates. Of particular need are compounds that also block transmission by targeting sexual stage parasites. Mature sexual stages are relatively resistant to all currently used antimalarials except the 8-aminoquinolines that are not commonly used due to potential side effects. Here, we synthesized a new Torin 2 derivative, NCATS-SM3710 with increased aqueous solubility and specificity for Plasmodium and demonstrate potent in vivo activity against all P. berghei life cycle stages. NCATS-SM3710 also has low nanomolar EC50s against in vitro cultured asexual P. falciparum parasites (0.38 ± 0.04 nM) and late stage gametocytes (5.77 ± 1 nM). Two independent NCATS-SM3710/Torin 2 resistant P. falciparum parasite lines produced by growth in sublethal Torin 2 concentrations both had genetic changes in PF3D7_0509800, annotated as a phosphatidylinositol 4 kinase (Pf PI4KIIIβ). One line had a point mutation in the putative active site (V1357G), and the other line had a duplication of a locus containing Pf PI4KIIIβ. Both lines were also resistant to other Pf PI4K inhibitors. In addition NCATS-SM3710 inhibited purified Pf PI4KIIIβ with an IC50 of 2.0 ± 0.30 nM. Together the results demonstrate that Pf PI4KIIIβ is the target of Torin 2 and NCATS-SM3710 and provide new options for potent multistage drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Krishnan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Peter Ziniel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Hao Li
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xiuli Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Daniel Hupalo
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Nita Gombakomba
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Sandra Mendoza Guerrero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Thoai Dotrang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Xiao Lu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Diana Caridha
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Anna R Sternberg
- Departments of Chemistry and of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Emma Hughes
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Wei Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Daniel Y Bargieri
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508, Brazil
| | - Paul D Roepe
- Departments of Chemistry and of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, United States
| | - Richard J Sciotti
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Matthew D Wilkerson
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States.,The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Gregory J Tawa
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Amy Q Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Philip E Sanderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Wenwei Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Science, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kim C Williamson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
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19
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Thakur A, Tawa GJ, Henderson MJ, Danchik C, Liu S, Shah P, Wang AQ, Dunn G, Kabir M, Padilha EC, Xu X, Simeonov A, Kharbanda S, Stone R, Grewal G. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Quinazolin-4-one-Based Hydroxamic Acids as Dual PI3K/HDAC Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4256-4292. [PMID: 32212730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of quinazolin-4-one based hydroxamic acids was rationally designed and synthesized as novel dual PI3K/HDAC inhibitors by incorporating an HDAC pharmacophore into a PI3K inhibitor (Idelalisib) via an optimized linker. Several of these dual inhibitors were highly potent (IC50 < 10 nM) and selective against PI3Kγ, δ and HDAC6 enzymes and exhibited good antiproliferative activity against multiple cancer cell lines. The lead compound 48c, induced necrosis in several mutant and FLT3-resistant AML cell lines and primary blasts from AML patients, while showing no cytotoxicity against normal PBMCs, NIH3T3, and HEK293 cells. Target engagement of PI3Kδ and HDAC6 by 48c was demonstrated in MV411 cells using the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). Compound 48c showed good pharmacokinetics properties in mice via intraperitoneal (ip) administration and provides a means to examine the biological effects of inhibiting these two important enzymes with a single molecule, either in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Thakur
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Gregory J Tawa
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Mark J Henderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Carina Danchik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Suiyang Liu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Pranav Shah
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Amy Q Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Garrett Dunn
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Md Kabir
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Elias C Padilha
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Surender Kharbanda
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Richard Stone
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Gurmit Grewal
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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20
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Chen JW, Wang J, Wang AQ, Zhang J, Han LH. [Blood-borne occupation exposures in dental practice of medical staff: status and protection]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2020; 38:29-32. [PMID: 32062892 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the status of blood-borne occupational exposure and protection among health care workers (HCWs) in dental practice, and provide evidence for making effective prevention. Methods: From April 1 to 15, 2019, a stratified random sampling method was conducted to investigate the data of blood-borne occupational exposure among 221 dental HCWs in 2018, and Chi-squared Test was used to evaluate the differences of status on occupational exposure and protection among different professionals, such as nurses, doctors and trainees, and among different-grade hospitals. Results: A total of 166 HCWs were exposed to occupational exposure 269 times, with the annual incidence of 75.11% (166/221) , and 37.55% (101/269) of exposures were reported. However, all source patients of exposures had failed to be traced. 89.59% (241/269) of exposures were sharp injuries. The top three instruments caused injuries were syringe/bilan needles, suture needles and vehicle needles, accounting for 35.68% (86/241) 、16.60% (40/241) and 16.18% (39/241) , respectively; and the top three exposure operations were removal/disposal of needles or instruments, suture/assisting suture and injection of anesthetic, accounting for 37.17% (100/269) 、22.30% (60/269) and 17.84% (48/269) , respectively. There were statistically significant differences among different professionals in occupational exposure frequency, reporting rate, the types of instruments caused injuries, exposure operations and hepatitis B vaccinated time (P<0.01) . The compliance rate of standard precautions, safe operation, post-exposure reporting and prevention, and training on occupational protection were generally poor among HCWs, with significant differences in different-grade hospitals (P<0.01) . Conclusion: There is a high incidence, low reporting rate and poor self-protection of blood-borne occupational exposure among dental HCWs. Strongly suggesting that standard precautions, safe use and disposal of oral instruments, active post-exposure report and prevention must be improved for everyone.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Chen
- Department of Nosocomial Infection, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Somatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - A Q Wang
- Department of Somatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Nosocomial Infection, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - L H Han
- Radiologic Department, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou 256603, China
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21
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Fang M, Xu X, Zhang M, Shi Y, Gu G, Liu W, Class B, Ciccone C, Gahl WA, Huizing M, Carrillo N, Wang AQ. Quantitation of cytidine-5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid in human leukocytes using LC-MS/MS: method development and validation. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4735. [PMID: 31691999 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of sialic acid (Neu5Ac) leads to the intracellular production of cytidine-5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac), the active sialic acid donor to nascent glycans (glycoproteins and glycolipids) in the Golgi. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase myopathy is a rare autosomal recessive muscular disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy. To quantify the intracellular levels of CMP-Neu5Ac as well as N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) and Neu5Ac in human leukocytes, we developed and validated robust liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. A fit-for-purpose approach was implemented for method validation. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography was used to retain three hydrophilic analytes. The human leukocyte pellets were lysed and extracted in a methanol-water mixture and the leukocyte extract was used for LC-MS/MS analysis. The lower limits of quantitation for ManNAc, Neu5Ac and CMP-Neu5Ac were 25.0, 25.0 and 10.0 ng/ml, respectively. These validated methods were applied to a clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Fang
- Alliance Pharma, 17 Lee Boulevard, Malvern, PA, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Yifan Shi
- Alliance Pharma, 17 Lee Boulevard, Malvern, PA, USA
| | - Guodong Gu
- Alliance Pharma, 17 Lee Boulevard, Malvern, PA, USA
| | - Wanjing Liu
- Alliance Pharma, 17 Lee Boulevard, Malvern, PA, USA
| | - Bradley Class
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carla Ciccone
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nuria Carrillo
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Therapeutic Development Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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22
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Gorshkov K, Wang AQ, Sun W, Fisher E, Frigeni M, Singleton M, Thorne N, Class B, Huang W, Longo N, Do MT, Ottinger EA, Xu X, Zheng W. Phosphocyclocreatine is the dominant form of cyclocreatine in control and creatine transporter deficiency patient fibroblasts. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00525. [PMID: 31859463 PMCID: PMC6924099 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Creatine transporter deficiency (CTD) is a metabolic disorder resulting in cognitive, motor, and behavioral deficits. Cyclocreatine (cCr), a creatine analog, has been explored as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CTD. We developed a rapid, selective, and accurate HILIC ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method to simultaneously quantify the intracellular concentrations of cCr, creatine (Cr), creatine-d3 (Cr-d3), phosphocyclocreatine (pcCr), and phosphocreatine (pCr). Using HILIC-UPLC-MS/MS, we measured cCr and Cr-d3 uptake and their conversion to the phosphorylated forms in primary human control and CTD fibroblasts. Altogether, the data demonstrate that cCr enters cells and its dominant intracellular form is pcCr in both control and CTD patient cells. Therefore, cCr may replace creatine as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Gorshkov
- National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Amy Q. Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Wei Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Ethan Fisher
- National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Marta Frigeni
- Division of Medical GeneticsDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | - Marc Singleton
- National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Natasha Thorne
- National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Bradley Class
- National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Wenwei Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Nicola Longo
- Division of Medical GeneticsDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists (ARUP) LaboratoriesSalt Lake CityUTUSA
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Ottinger
- National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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23
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Rolt A, Le D, Hu Z, Wang AQ, Shah P, Singleton M, Hughes E, Dulcey AE, He S, Imamura M, Uchida T, Chayama K, Xu X, Marugan JJ, Liang TJ. Preclinical Pharmacological Development of Chlorcyclizine Derivatives for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1761-1769. [PMID: 29373739 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a small, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that infects more than an estimated 70 million people worldwide. Untreated, persistent HCV infection often results in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver failure, with progression to hepatocellular carcinoma. Current anti-HCV regimens comprising direct acting antivirals (DAAs) can provide curative treatment; however, due to high costs there remains a need for effective, shorter-duration, and affordable treatments. Recently, we disclosed anti-HCV activity of the cheap antihistamine chlorcyclizine, targeting viral entry. Following our hit-to-lead optimization campaign, we report evaluation of preclinical in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties, and in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles of lead compounds. This led to selection of a new lead compound and evaluation of efficacy in chimeric mice engrafted with primary human hepatocytes infected with HCV. Further development and incorporation of this compound into DAA regimens has the potential to improve treatment efficacy, affordability, and accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Rolt
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Derek Le
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zongyi Hu
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Pranav Shah
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Marc Singleton
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Emma Hughes
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Andrés E Dulcey
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Shanshan He
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Takuro Uchida
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Juan J Marugan
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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24
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Lynn GM, Chytil P, Francica JR, Lagová A, Kueberuwa G, Ishizuka AS, Zaidi N, Ramirez-Valdez RA, Blobel NJ, Baharom F, Leal J, Wang AQ, Gerner MY, Etrych T, Ulbrich K, Seymour LW, Seder RA, Laga R. Impact of Polymer-TLR-7/8 Agonist (Adjuvant) Morphology on the Potency and Mechanism of CD8 T Cell Induction. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:854-870. [PMID: 30608149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule Toll-like receptor-7 and -8 agonists (TLR-7/8a) can be used as vaccine adjuvants to induce CD8 T cell immunity but require formulations that prevent systemic toxicity and focus adjuvant activity in lymphoid tissues. Here, we covalently attached TLR-7/8a to polymers of varying composition, chain architecture and hydrodynamic behavior (∼300 nm submicrometer particles, ∼10 nm micelles and ∼4 nm flexible random coils) and evaluated how these parameters of polymer-TLR-7/8a conjugates impact adjuvant activity in vivo. Attachment of TLR-7/8a to any of the polymer compositions resulted in a nearly 10-fold reduction in systemic cytokines (toxicity). Moreover, both lymph node cytokine production and the magnitude of CD8 T cells induced against protein antigen increased with increasing polymer-TLR-7/8a hydrodynamic radius, with the submicrometer particle inducing the highest magnitude responses. Notably, CD8 T cell responses induced by polymer-TLR-7/8a were dependent on CCR2+ monocytes and IL-12, whereas responses by a small molecule TLR-7/8a that unexpectedly persisted in vaccine-site draining lymph nodes (T1/2 = 15 h) had less dependence on monocytes and IL-12 but required Type I IFNs. This study shows how modular properties of synthetic adjuvants can be chemically programmed to alter immunity in vivo through distinct immunological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey M Lynn
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Joseph R Francica
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Anna Lagová
- Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , United Kingdom
| | - Gray Kueberuwa
- Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S Ishizuka
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Ramiro A Ramirez-Valdez
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Nicolas J Blobel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Faezzah Baharom
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Joseph Leal
- Department of Immunology , University of Washington , South Lake Union E-411, 750 Republican Street , Seattle , Washington 98109 , United States
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Michael Y Gerner
- Department of Immunology , University of Washington , South Lake Union E-411, 750 Republican Street , Seattle , Washington 98109 , United States
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Leonard W Seymour
- Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , United Kingdom
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , National Institutes of Health, 40 Convent Drive , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Richard Laga
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences , Heyrovského nám. 2 , 162 06 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
- Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , United Kingdom
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25
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Wang AQ, Konrath KM, Hughes E, Singleton MD, Haugabook S, Perrine-Faller S, Xu X. Development of a quantitative bioanalytical method for the assessment of benserazide in pre-clinical samples. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.09.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Highland JN, Morris PJ, Zanos P, Lovett J, Ghosh S, Wang AQ, Zarate CA, Thomas CJ, Moaddel R, Gould TD. Mouse, rat, and dog bioavailability and mouse oral antidepressant efficacy of ( 2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:12-24. [PMID: 30488740 PMCID: PMC6541551 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118812095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (R,S)-ketamine has gained attention for its rapid-acting antidepressant actions in patients with treatment-resistant depression. However, widespread use of ketamine is limited by its side effects, abuse potential, and poor oral bioavailability. The ketamine metabolite, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, exerts rapid antidepressant effects, without ketamine's adverse effects and abuse potential, in rodents. METHODS We evaluated the oral bioavailability of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in three species (mice, rats, and dogs) and also evaluated five candidate prodrug modifications for their capacity to enhance the oral bioavailability of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in mice. Oral administration of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine was assessed for adverse behavioral effects and for antidepressant efficacy in the mouse forced-swim and learned helplessness tests. RESULTS (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine had absolute bioavailability between 46-52% in mice, 42% in rats, and 58% in dogs. Compared to intraperitoneal injection in mice, the relative oral bioavailability of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine was 62%, which was not improved by any of the candidate prodrugs tested. Following oral administration, (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine readily penetrated the brain, with brain to plasma ratios between 0.67-1.2 in mice and rats. Oral administration of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine to mice did not alter locomotor activity or precipitate behaviors associated with discomfort, sickness, or stereotypy up to a dose of 450 mg/kg. Oral (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine reduced forced-swim test immobility time (15-150 mg/kg) and reversed learned helplessness (50-150 mg/kg) in mice. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine has favorable oral bioavailability in three species and exhibits antidepressant efficacy following oral administration in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn N Highland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Program in Toxicology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick J Morris
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Panos Zanos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Section on the Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig J Thomas
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Todd D Gould
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Vilimas T, Wang AQ, Patnaik S, Hughes EA, Singleton MD, Knotts Z, Li D, Frankowski K, Schlomer JJ, Guerin TM, Springer S, Drennan C, Dextras C, Wang C, Gilbert D, Southall N, Ferrer M, Huang S, Kozlov S, Marugan J, Xu X, Rudloff U. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the PNC disassembler metarrestin in wild-type and Pdx1-Cre;LSL-Kras G12D/+;Tp53 R172H/+ (KPC) mice, a genetically engineered model of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:1067-1080. [PMID: 30306263 PMCID: PMC6267684 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metarrestin is a first-in-class small molecule clinical candidate capable of disrupting the perinucleolar compartment, a subnuclear structure unique to metastatic cancer cells. This study aims to define the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of metarrestin and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of metarrestin-regulated markers. METHODS PK studies included the administration of single or multiple dose of metarrestin at 3, 10, or 25 mg/kg via intravenous (IV) injection, gavage (PO) or with chow to wild-type C57BL/6 mice and KPC mice bearing autochthonous pancreatic tumors. Metarrestin concentrations were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS. Pharmacodynamic assays included mRNA expression profiling by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR for KPC mice. RESULTS Metarrestin had a moderate plasma clearance of 48 mL/min/kg and a large volume of distribution of 17 L/kg at 3 mg/kg IV in C57BL/6 mice. The oral bioavailability after single-dose (SD) treatment was > 80%. In KPC mice treated with SD 25 mg/kg PO, plasma AUC0-∞ of 14400 ng h/mL, Cmax of 810 ng/mL and half-life (t1/2) of 8.5 h were observed. At 24 h after SD of 25 mg/kg PO, the intratumor concentration of metarrestin was high with a mean value of 6.2 µg/g tissue (or 13 µM), well above the cell-based IC50 of 0.4 µM. At multiple dose (MD) 25 mg/kg/day PO in KPC mice, mean tissue/plasma AUC0-24h ratio for tumor, spleen and liver was 37, 30 and 31, respectively. There was a good linear relationship of dosage to AUC0-24h and C24h. AUC0-24h MD to AUC0-24h SD ratios ranged from two for liver to five for tumor indicating additional accumulation in tumors. Dose-dependent normalization of FOXA1 and FOXO6 mRNA expression was observed in KPC tumors. CONCLUSIONS Metarrestin is an effective therapeutic candidate with a favorable PK profile achieving excellent intratumor tissue levels in a disease with known poor drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Vilimas
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases (TRND) Program, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Emma A Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Marc D Singleton
- Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zachary Knotts
- Rare Tumor Initiative (RTI), Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Hatfield Center, 10 Center Drive, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dandan Li
- Rare Tumor Initiative (RTI), Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Hatfield Center, 10 Center Drive, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kevin Frankowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Jerome J Schlomer
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Theresa M Guerin
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Stephanie Springer
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Catherine Drennan
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Christopher Dextras
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Debra Gilbert
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Noel Southall
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Sui Huang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Serguei Kozlov
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Juan Marugan
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bldg B, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Xin Xu
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases (TRND) Program, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Udo Rudloff
- Rare Tumor Initiative (RTI), Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Hatfield Center, 10 Center Drive, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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28
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Jiang JK, Huang X, Shamim K, Patel PR, Lee A, Wang AQ, Nguyen K, Tawa G, Cuny GD, Yu PB, Zheng W, Xu X, Sanderson P, Huang W. Discovery of 3-(4-sulfamoylnaphthyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as potent and selective ALK2 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3356-3362. [PMID: 30227946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine LDN-193189 is a potent inhibitor of activin receptor-like kinase 2 (ALK2) but is nonselective for highly homologous ALK3 and shows only modest kinome selectivity. Herein, we describe the discovery of a novel series of potent and selective ALK2 inhibitors by replacing the quinolinyl with a 4-(sulfamoyl)naphthyl, yielding ALK2 inhibitors that exhibit not only excellent discrimination versus ALK3 but also high kinome selectivity. In addition, the optimized compound 23 demonstrates good ADME and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Kang Jiang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA.
| | - Xiuli Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Khalida Shamim
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Paresma R Patel
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Arthur Lee
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Kimloan Nguyen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Gregory Tawa
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Gregory D Cuny
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Road, Health Building 2, Room, 7036, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Paul B Yu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 20 Shattuck Street, Thorn Biosciences 1219, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Philip Sanderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
| | - Wenwei Huang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA.
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29
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Yang SM, Urban DJ, Yoshioka M, Strovel JW, Fletcher S, Wang AQ, Xu X, Shah P, Hu X, Hall MD, Jadhav A, Maloney DJ. Discovery and lead identification of quinazoline-based BRD4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3483-3488. [PMID: 30268702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new series of quinazoline-based analogs as potent bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) inhibitors is described. The structure-activity relationships on 2- and 4-position of quinazoline ring, and the substitution at 6-position that mimic the acetylated lysine are discussed. A co-crystallized structure of 48 (CN750) with BRD4 (BD1) including key inhibitor-protein interactions is also highlighted. Together with preliminary rodent pharmacokinetic results, a new lead (65, CN427) is identified which is suitable for further lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Ming Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States.
| | - Daniel J Urban
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Makoto Yoshioka
- ConverGene LLC., 3093 Beverly Lane, Unit C, Cambridge, MD 21613, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Strovel
- ConverGene LLC., 3093 Beverly Lane, Unit C, Cambridge, MD 21613, United States
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Amy Q Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Pranav Shah
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States
| | - David J Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, United States.
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30
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Yang SM, Martinez NJ, Yasgar A, Danchik C, Johansson C, Wang Y, Baljinnyam B, Wang AQ, Xu X, Shah P, Cheff D, Wang XS, Roth J, Lal-Nag M, Dunford JE, Oppermann U, Vasiliou V, Simeonov A, Jadhav A, Maloney DJ. Discovery of Orally Bioavailable, Quinoline-Based Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) Inhibitors with Potent Cellular Activity. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4883-4903. [PMID: 29767973 PMCID: PMC6004562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Aldehyde
dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are responsible for the metabolism of aldehydes
(exogenous and endogenous) and possess vital physiological and toxicological
functions in areas such as CNS, inflammation, metabolic disorders,
and cancers. Overexpression of certain ALDHs (e.g., ALDH1A1) is an
important biomarker in cancers and cancer stem cells (CSCs) indicating
the potential need for the identification and development of small
molecule ALDH inhibitors. Herein, a newly designed series of quinoline-based
analogs of ALDH1A1 inhibitors is described. Extensive medicinal chemistry
optimization and biological characterization led to the identification
of analogs with significantly improved enzymatic and cellular ALDH
inhibition. Selected analogs, e.g., 86 (NCT-505) and 91 (NCT-506), demonstrated target engagement in a cellular
thermal shift assay (CETSA), inhibited the formation of 3D spheroid
cultures of OV-90 cancer cells, and potentiated the cytotoxicity of
paclitaxel in SKOV-3-TR, a paclitaxel resistant ovarian cancer cell
line. Lead compounds also exhibit high specificity over other ALDH
isozymes and unrelated dehydrogenases. The in vitro ADME profiles and pharmacokinetic evaluation of selected analogs
are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Ming Yang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Natalia J Martinez
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Carina Danchik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Catrine Johansson
- Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford NIHR BRU , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7LD , U.K
| | - Yuhong Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Bolormaa Baljinnyam
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Amy Q Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Pranav Shah
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Dorian Cheff
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Xinran S Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Jacob Roth
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Madhu Lal-Nag
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - James E Dunford
- Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford NIHR BRU , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7LD , U.K
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Centre for Translational Myeloma Research, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford NIHR BRU , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7LD , U.K
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences , Yale School of Public Health , 60 College Street , New Haven , Connecticut 06510 , United States
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
| | - David J Maloney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive , Rockville , Maryland 20850 , United States
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Cheng YF, Chen YP, Wen C, Wang WB, Wang AQ, Zhou YM. Evaluation of Dietary Palygorskite Supplementation on Growth Performance, Mineral Accumulations, Antioxidant Capacities, and Meat Quality of Broilers Fed Lead-Contaminated Diet. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 181:314-322. [PMID: 28497348 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate influence of dietary palygorskite (Pal) supplementation on growth performance, mineral accumulations in the tissues (livers, kidneys, and muscles), antioxidant capacities, and meat quality of broilers fed lead (Pb)-contaminated diet. One-hundred forty-four male broiler chicks were randomly divided into three treatment groups, receiving a corn-soybean meal basal diet (the control group), the basal diet contaminated with 10 mg/kg Pb (the Pb group), and the basal diet with 10-g/kg Pal supplementation and 10-mg/kg Pb contamination (the Pal/Pb group) from 1 to 42 days of age, respectively. Treatments did not affect growth performance of broilers in the 42-day study (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, Pb contamination increased Pb accumulation in the livers, kidneys, and muscles (P < 0.05); elevated malondialdehyde accumulation in the livers, kidneys, and breast muscles; glutathione peroxidase activity in the livers and superoxide dismutase activity in the kidneys (P < 0.05); exacerbated drip loss in the pectoralis muscles (P < 0.05); and reduced glutathione peroxidase activity in the pectoralis muscles (P < 0.05) of broilers at 42 days of age. The values of these parameters were reversed in the Pal/Pb group to levels comparable with those in the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, Pal supplementation reduced redness value in the pectoralis muscles (P < 0.05), and decreased Cu concentration in the pectoralis muscles and livers at 42 days of age as well as its accumulation in the kidneys at both 21 and 42 days of age compared with the other two groups (P < 0.05). The results suggested that dietary Pal supplementation would decrease Pb residue in the tissues, alleviate oxidative stress, and affect meat quality of broilers exposed to Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Y P Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - C Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - W B Wang
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- R&D Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi, 211700, People's Republic of China
| | - A Q Wang
- Center of Eco-material and Green Chemistry, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- R&D Center of Xuyi Palygorskite Applied Technology, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xuyi, 211700, People's Republic of China
| | - Y M Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Xu X, Wang AQ, Latham LL, Celeste F, Ciccone C, Malicdan MC, Goldspiel B, Terse P, Cradock J, Yang N, Yorke S, McKew JC, Gahl WA, Huizing M, Carrillo N. Safety, pharmacokinetics and sialic acid production after oral administration of N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) to subjects with GNE myopathy. Mol Genet Metab 2017. [PMID: 28641925 PMCID: PMC5949875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
GNE myopathy is a rare, autosomal recessive, inborn error of sialic acid metabolism, caused by mutations in GNE, the gene encoding UDP-N-acetyl-glucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase. The disease manifests as an adult-onset myopathy characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy. There is no medical therapy available for this debilitating disease. Hyposialylation of muscle glycoproteins likely contributes to the pathophysiology of this disease. N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc), an uncharged monosaccharide and the first committed precursor in the sialic acid biosynthetic pathway, is a therapeutic candidate that prevents muscle weakness in the mouse model of GNE myopathy. We conducted a first-in-human, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, single-ascending dose study to evaluate safety and pharmacokinetics of ManNAc in GNE myopathy subjects. Single doses of 3 and 6g of oral ManNAc were safe and well tolerated; 10g was associated with diarrhea likely due to unabsorbed ManNAc. Oral ManNAc was absorbed rapidly and exhibited a short half-life (~2.4h). Following administration of a single dose of ManNAc, there was a significant and sustained increase in plasma unconjugated free sialic acid (Neu5Ac) (Tmax of 8-11h). Neu5Ac levels remained above baseline 48h post-dose in subjects who received a dose of 6 or 10g. Given that Neu5Ac is known to have a short half-life, the prolonged elevation of Neu5Ac after a single dose of ManNAc suggests that intracellular biosynthesis of sialic acid was restored in subjects with GNE myopathy, including those homozygous for mutations in the kinase domain. Simulated plasma concentration-time profiles support a dosing regimen of 6g twice daily for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lea L Latham
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Frank Celeste
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carla Ciccone
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - May Christine Malicdan
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barry Goldspiel
- NIH Clinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pramod Terse
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James Cradock
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nora Yang
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Selwyn Yorke
- New Zealand Pharmaceuticals, Palmerston North 4472, New Zealand
| | - John C McKew
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marjan Huizing
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nuria Carrillo
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Wang AQ, Hughes E, Huang W, Kerns EH, Xu X. Quantification of cyclocreatine in mouse and rat plasma using hydrophilic-interaction ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:629-633. [PMID: 28800523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An accurate, rapid and selective method was developed to quantify cyclocreatine in mouse and rat plasma using hydrophilic interaction (HILIC) ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The plasma samples were prepared by protein precipitation with acetonitrile:methanol (70:30). Chromatographic separation was performed on a HILIC BEH amide column (2.1mm×50mm, 1.7μm) with a 3min gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.5mL/min. For mass spectrometric detection, selected reaction monitoring (SRM) was used; the SRM transitions were m/z 144→98 and m/z 144→56 for cyclocreatine and m/z 148→102 for the internal standard (D4-cyclocreatine) in the positive ionization mode. No endogenous components interfered with the analysis of cyclocreatine and the internal standard in mouse and rat plasma. Plasma calibration curves were constructed in the range of 0.01-25μM. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curves was greater than 0.99. The mean intraday assay accuracy for all quality control (QC) replicates was between 93 and 105%. The mean intraday assay precision (CV%) was 1.9-11% for all QC levels. The HILIC-UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of cyclocreatine in mice and rats for the first time. After a single 30mg/kg oral administration in mice and rats, the AUC0-∞ (area under the curve) was 84.1μgh/mL and 91.7±18.0μgh/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Q Wang
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Emma Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wenwei Huang
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Edward H Kerns
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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34
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He S, Li K, Lin B, Hu Z, Xiao J, Hu X, Wang AQ, Xu X, Ferrer M, Southall N, Zheng W, Aubé J, Schoenen FJ, Marugan JJ, Liang TJ, Frankowski KJ. Development of an Aryloxazole Class of Hepatitis C Virus Inhibitors Targeting the Entry Stage of the Viral Replication Cycle. J Med Chem 2017. [PMID: 28636348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reliance on hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon systems and protein-based screening assays has led to treatments that target HCV viral replication proteins. The model does not encompass other viral replication cycle steps such as entry, processing, assembly and secretion, or viral host factors. We previously applied a phenotypic high-throughput screening platform based on an infectious HCV system and discovered an aryloxazole-based anti-HCV hit. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed several compounds exhibiting EC50 values below 100 nM. Lead compounds showed inhibition of the HCV pseudoparticle entry, suggesting a different mode of action from existing HCV drugs. Hit 7a and lead 7ii both showed synergistic effects in combination with existing HCV drugs. In vivo pharmacokinetics studies of 7ii showed high liver distribution and long half-life without obvious hepatotoxicity. The lead compounds are promising as preclinical candidates for the treatment of HCV infection and as molecular probes to study HCV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan He
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1800, United States
| | - Kelin Li
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Billy Lin
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1800, United States
| | - Zongyi Hu
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1800, United States
| | - Jingbo Xiao
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Noel Southall
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Frank J Schoenen
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Juan J Marugan
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1800, United States
| | - Kevin J Frankowski
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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35
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Hartman TL, Yang L, Helfrick AN, Hassink M, Shank NI, George Rosenker K, Scerba MT, Saha M, Hughes E, Wang AQ, Xu X, Gupta P, Buckheit RW, Appella DH. Preclinical evaluation of a mercaptobenzamide and its prodrug for NCp7-targeted inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus. Antiviral Res 2016; 134:216-225. [PMID: 27568924 PMCID: PMC7113734 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the effective use of highly active antiretroviral therapy results in the suppression of virus production in infected individuals, it does not eliminate the infection and low level virus production in cells harboring virus in sanctuary sites. Thus, the continued search for new antiretroviral agents with unique and different mechanisms of HIV inhibition remains critical, and compounds that can reduce the level of virus production from cells already infected with HIV, as opposed to preventing de novo infection, would be of great benefit. A mercaptobenzamide (MDH-1-38) and its prodrug (NS1040) are being developed as potential therapeutic compounds targeting the zinc finger of HIV nucleocapsid. In the presence of esterase enzymes, NS1040 is designed to be converted to MDH-1-38 which has antiviral activity. While we presume that NS1040 is rapidly converted to MDH-1-38 in all experiments, the two compounds were tested side-by-side to determine whether the presence of a prodrug affects the antiviral activity or mechanism of action. The two compounds were evaluated against a panel of HIV-1 clinical isolates in human PBMCs and monocyte-macrophages and yielded EC50 values ranging from 0.7 to 13 μM with no toxicity up to 100 μM. MDH-1-38 and NS1040 remained equally active in human PBMCs in the presence of added serum proteins as well as against HIV-1 isolates resistant to reverse transcriptase, integrase or protease inhibitors. Cell-based and biochemical mechanism of antiviral action assays demonstrated MDH-1-38 and NS1040 were virucidal at concentrations of 15 and 50 μM, respectively. Cell to cell transmission of HIV in multiple passages was significantly reduced in CEM-SS and human PBMCs by reducing progeny virus infectivity at compound concentrations greater than 2 μM. The combination of either MDH-1-38 or NS1040 with other FDA-approved HIV drugs yielded additive to synergistic antiviral interactions with no evidence of antiviral antagonism or synergistic toxicity. Serial dose escalation was used in attempts to select for HIV strains resistant to MDH-1-38 and NS1040. Virus at several passages failed to replicate in cells treated at increased compound concentrations, which is consistent with the proposed mechanism of action of the virus inactivating compounds. Through 14 passages, resistance to the compounds has not been achieved. Most HIV inhibitors with mechanism of antiviral action targeting a viral protein would have selected for a drug resistant virus within 14 passages. These studies indicate that these NCp7-targeted compounds represent new potent anti-HIV drug candidates which could be effectively used in combination with all approved anti-HIV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Yang
- ImQuest Biosciences, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - M Hassink
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N I Shank
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - M T Scerba
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Saha
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - X Xu
- NCATS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Gupta
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - D H Appella
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Pacold ME, Brimacombe KR, Chan SH, Rohde JM, Lewis CA, Swier LJYM, Possemato R, Chen WW, Sullivan LB, Fiske BP, Cho S, Freinkman E, Birsoy K, Abu MR, Shaul YD, Liu CM, Zhou M, Koh MJ, Chung H, Davidson SM, Luengo A, Wang AQ, Xu X, Yasgar A, Liu L, Rai G, Westover KD, Heiden MGV, Shen M, Gray NS, Boxer MB, Sabatini DM. Corrigendum: A PHGDH inhibitor reveals coordination of serine synthesis and one-carbon unit fate. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:656. [PMID: 27434767 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio0816-656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Shah P, Kerns E, Nguyen DT, Obach RS, Wang AQ, Zakharov A, McKew J, Simeonov A, Hop CECA, Xu X. An Automated High-Throughput Metabolic Stability Assay Using an Integrated High-Resolution Accurate Mass Method and Automated Data Analysis Software. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1653-61. [PMID: 27417180 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.072017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Advancement of in silico tools would be enabled by the availability of data for metabolic reaction rates and intrinsic clearance (CLint) of a diverse compound structure data set by specific metabolic enzymes. Our goal is to measure CLint for a large set of compounds with each major human cytochrome P450 (P450) isozyme. To achieve our goal, it is of utmost importance to develop an automated, robust, sensitive, high-throughput metabolic stability assay that can efficiently handle a large volume of compound sets. The substrate depletion method [in vitro half-life (t1/2) method] was chosen to determine CLint The assay (384-well format) consisted of three parts: 1) a robotic system for incubation and sample cleanup; 2) two different integrated, ultraperformance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) platforms to determine the percent remaining of parent compound, and 3) an automated data analysis system. The CYP3A4 assay was evaluated using two long t1/2 compounds, carbamazepine and antipyrine (t1/2 > 30 minutes); one moderate t1/2 compound, ketoconazole (10 < t1/2 < 30 minutes); and two short t1/2 compounds, loperamide and buspirone (t½ < 10 minutes). Interday and intraday precision and accuracy of the assay were within acceptable range (∼12%) for the linear range observed. Using this assay, CYP3A4 CLint and t1/2 values for more than 3000 compounds were measured. This high-throughput, automated, and robust assay allows for rapid metabolic stability screening of large compound sets and enables advanced computational modeling for individual human P450 isozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Shah
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville Maryland (P.S, E.K, D-T.N, A Q.W, A.Z, J.M, A.S, X.X.); Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer. Groton, Connecticut (R.S.O.); and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (C.E.C.A.H)
| | - Edward Kerns
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville Maryland (P.S, E.K, D-T.N, A Q.W, A.Z, J.M, A.S, X.X.); Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer. Groton, Connecticut (R.S.O.); and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (C.E.C.A.H)
| | - Dac-Trung Nguyen
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville Maryland (P.S, E.K, D-T.N, A Q.W, A.Z, J.M, A.S, X.X.); Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer. Groton, Connecticut (R.S.O.); and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (C.E.C.A.H)
| | - R Scott Obach
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville Maryland (P.S, E.K, D-T.N, A Q.W, A.Z, J.M, A.S, X.X.); Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer. Groton, Connecticut (R.S.O.); and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (C.E.C.A.H)
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville Maryland (P.S, E.K, D-T.N, A Q.W, A.Z, J.M, A.S, X.X.); Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer. Groton, Connecticut (R.S.O.); and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (C.E.C.A.H)
| | - Alexey Zakharov
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville Maryland (P.S, E.K, D-T.N, A Q.W, A.Z, J.M, A.S, X.X.); Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer. Groton, Connecticut (R.S.O.); and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (C.E.C.A.H)
| | - John McKew
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville Maryland (P.S, E.K, D-T.N, A Q.W, A.Z, J.M, A.S, X.X.); Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer. Groton, Connecticut (R.S.O.); and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (C.E.C.A.H)
| | - Anton Simeonov
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville Maryland (P.S, E.K, D-T.N, A Q.W, A.Z, J.M, A.S, X.X.); Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer. Groton, Connecticut (R.S.O.); and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (C.E.C.A.H)
| | - Cornelis E C A Hop
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville Maryland (P.S, E.K, D-T.N, A Q.W, A.Z, J.M, A.S, X.X.); Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer. Groton, Connecticut (R.S.O.); and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (C.E.C.A.H)
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Rockville Maryland (P.S, E.K, D-T.N, A Q.W, A.Z, J.M, A.S, X.X.); Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer. Groton, Connecticut (R.S.O.); and Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (C.E.C.A.H)
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38
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Pacold ME, Brimacombe KR, Chan SH, Rohde JM, Lewis CA, Swier LJYM, Possemato R, Chen WW, Sullivan LB, Fiske BP, Cho S, Freinkman E, Birsoy K, Abu-Remaileh M, Shaul YD, Liu CM, Zhou M, Koh MJ, Chung H, Davidson SM, Luengo A, Wang AQ, Xu X, Yasgar A, Liu L, Rai G, Westover KD, Vander Heiden MG, Shen M, Gray NS, Boxer MB, Sabatini DM. A PHGDH inhibitor reveals coordination of serine synthesis and one-carbon unit fate. Nat Chem Biol 2016; 12:452-8. [PMID: 27110680 PMCID: PMC4871733 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Serine is a both a proteinogenic amino acid and the source of one-carbon units essential for de novo purine and deoxythymidine synthesis. In the canonical glucose-derived serine synthesis pathway, Homo sapiens phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step. Genetic loss of PHGDH is toxic towards PHGDH-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines even in the presence of exogenous serine. Here, we use a quantitative high-throughput screen to identify small molecule PHGDH inhibitors. These compounds reduce the production of glucose-derived serine in cells and suppress the growth of PHGDH-dependent cancer cells in culture and in orthotopic xenograft tumors. Surprisingly, PHGDH inhibition reduced the incorporation into nucleotides of one-carbon units from glucose-derived and exogenous serine. We conclude that glycolytic serine synthesis coordinates the use of one-carbon units from endogenous and exogenous serine in nucleotide synthesis, and suggest that one-carbon unit wasting may contribute to the efficacy of PHGDH inhibitors in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Pacold
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Longwood Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kyle R Brimacombe
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sze Ham Chan
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jason M Rohde
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lotteke J Y M Swier
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Walter W Chen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucas B Sullivan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian P Fiske
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steve Cho
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kıvanç Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yoav D Shaul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chieh Min Liu
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Minerva Zhou
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Min Jung Koh
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haeyoon Chung
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shawn M Davidson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alba Luengo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Liu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathanael S Gray
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Longwood Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew B Boxer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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He S, Xiao J, Dulcey AE, Lin B, Rolt A, Hu Z, Hu X, Wang AQ, Xu X, Southall N, Ferrer M, Zheng W, Liang TJ, Marugan JJ. Discovery, Optimization, and Characterization of Novel Chlorcyclizine Derivatives for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. J Med Chem 2016; 59:841-53. [PMID: 26599718 PMCID: PMC4753534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported that chlorcyclizine (CCZ, Rac-2), an over-the-counter antihistamine piperazine drug, possesses in vitro and in vivo activity against hepatitis C virus. Here, we describe structure-activity relationship (SAR) efforts that resulted in the optimization of novel chlorcyclizine derivatives as anti-HCV agents. Several compounds exhibited EC50 values below 10 nM against HCV infection, cytotoxicity selectivity indices above 2000, and showed improved in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. The optimized molecules can serve as lead preclinical candidates for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection and as probes to study hepatitis C virus pathogenesis and host-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan He
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jingbo Xiao
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Andrés E Dulcey
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Billy Lin
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Adam Rolt
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Zongyi Hu
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Amy Q Wang
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Noel Southall
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Juan J Marugan
- Division of Pre-Clinical Innovations, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health , 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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He S, Lin B, Chu V, Hu Z, Hu X, Xiao J, Wang AQ, Schweitzer CJ, Li Q, Imamura M, Hiraga N, Southall N, Ferrer M, Zheng W, Chayama K, Marugan JJ, Liang TJ. Repurposing of the antihistamine chlorcyclizine and related compounds for treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. Sci Transl Med 2016; 7:282ra49. [PMID: 25855495 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3010286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects an estimated 185 million people worldwide, with chronic infection often leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although HCV is curable, there is an unmet need for the development of effective and affordable treatment options. Through a cell-based high-throughput screen, we identified chlorcyclizine HCl (CCZ), an over-the-counter drug for allergy symptoms, as a potent inhibitor of HCV infection. CCZ inhibited HCV infection in human hepatoma cells and primary human hepatocytes. The mode of action of CCZ is mediated by inhibiting an early stage of HCV infection, probably targeting viral entry into host cells. The in vitro antiviral effect of CCZ was synergistic with other anti-HCV drugs, including ribavirin, interferon-α, telaprevir, boceprevir, sofosbuvir, daclatasvir, and cyclosporin A, without significant cytotoxicity, suggesting its potential in combination therapy of hepatitis C. In the mouse pharmacokinetic model, CCZ showed preferential liver distribution. In chimeric mice engrafted with primary human hepatocytes, CCZ significantly inhibited infection of HCV genotypes 1b and 2a, without evidence of emergence of drug resistance, during 4 and 6 weeks of treatment, respectively. With its established clinical safety profile as an allergy medication, affordability, and a simple chemical structure for optimization, CCZ represents a promising candidate for drug repurposing and further development as an effective and accessible agent for treatment of HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan He
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Billy Lin
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Virginia Chu
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zongyi Hu
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jingbo Xiao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Amy Q Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Cameron J Schweitzer
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Qisheng Li
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hiraga
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Noel Southall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Marc Ferrer
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Medicine and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 730-0053, Japan
| | - Juan J Marugan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Herman GA, Bergman A, Liu F, Stevens C, Wang AQ, Zeng W, Chen L, Snyder K, Hilliard D, Tanen M, Tanaka W, Meehan AG, Lasseter K, Dilzer S, Blum R, Wagner JA. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic Effects of the Oral DPP-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin in Middle-Aged Obese Subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 46:876-86. [PMID: 16855072 DOI: 10.1177/0091270006289850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sitagliptin (MK-0431) is an oral, potent, and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of sitagliptin in obese subjects. Middle-aged (45-63 years), nondiabetic, obese (body mass index: 30-40 kg/m2) men and women were randomized to sitagliptin 200 mg bid (n = 24) or placebo (n = 8) for 28 days. Steady-state plasma concentrations of sitagliptin were achieved within 2 days of starting treatment, and >90% of the dose was excreted unchanged in urine. Sitagliptin treatment led to approximately 90% inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity, increased active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels by 2.7-fold (P < .001), and decreased post-oral glucose tolerance test glucose excursion by 35% (P < .050) compared to placebo. In nondiabetic obese subjects, treatment with sitagliptin 200 mg bid was generally well tolerated without associated hypoglycemia and led to maximal inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity, increased active GLP-1, and reduced glycemic excursion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Herman
- Merck Research Laboratories, RY34-A536, 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, NJ 07065-0900, USA.
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Herman GA, Mistry GC, Yi B, Bergman AJ, Wang AQ, Zeng W, Chen L, Snyder K, Ruckle JL, Larson PJ, Davies MJ, Langdon RB, Gottesdiener KM, Wagner JA. Evaluation of pharmacokinetic parameters and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition following single doses of sitagliptin in healthy, young Japanese males. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 71:429-36. [PMID: 21284702 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sitagliptin is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) used to treat type 2 diabetes. The present aim was to evaluate pharmacokinetic (PK), pharmacodynamic (PD) and safety characteristics of sitagliptin following single doses in healthy, young Japanese males. METHODS In this alternating two-panel, randomized, controlled double-blind study, six healthy Japanese male subjects (aged 20-46 years) in each panel received single oral doses of 5-400mg sitagliptin and two received placebo. Plasma and urine drug concentrations were measured from 0-48h post dose and plasma DPP-4 inhibition from 0-24h post dose. The results were compared with historical data from young, healthy non-Japanese males. RESULTS Plasma concentrations of sitagliptin increased approximately in proportion to dose; maximum concentrations occurred 2-6h post-dose. The mean apparent terminal half-life for plasma sitagliptin was 9-14h, with the half-life slightly decreasing as the dose increased. The mean dose fraction excreted unchanged in the urine was 0.73-1.00. Ingestion of a traditional Japanese breakfast prior to dosing had only a minor effect on PK parameters. After correction for dilution and competition effects during assay, doses of sitagliptin ≥50mg resulted in weighted average DPP-4 inhibition from 0-24h post-dose >94% (without correction, >78%). No clinically meaningful differences in PK and DPP-4 inhibition parameters were found between Japanese and non-Japanese subjects. Sitagliptin was generally well tolerated and there were no serious adverse experiences or episodes of hypoglycaemia. CONCLUSIONS The PK and PD findings from this study are consistent with once daily dosing of sitagliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Herman
- Merck, Whitehouse Station, NJ Radiant Research, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Herman GA, Bergman A, Stevens C, Kotey P, Yi B, Zhao P, Dietrich B, Golor G, Schrodter A, Keymeulen B, Lasseter KC, Kipnes MS, Snyder K, Hilliard D, Tanen M, Cilissen C, De Smet M, de Lepeleire I, Van Dyck K, Wang AQ, Zeng W, Davies MJ, Tanaka W, Holst JJ, Deacon CF, Gottesdiener KM, Wagner JA. Effect of single oral doses of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on incretin and plasma glucose levels after an oral glucose tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:4612-9. [PMID: 16912128 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In response to a meal, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are released and modulate glycemic control. Normally these incretins are rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). DPP-4 inhibitors are a novel class of oral antihyperglycemic agents in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The degree of DPP-4 inhibition and the level of active incretin augmentation required for glucose lowering efficacy after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were evaluated. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and tolerability of sitagliptin. DESIGN This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, three-period, single-dose crossover study. SETTING The study was conducted at six investigational sites. PATIENTS The study population consisted of 58 patients with type 2 diabetes who were not on antihyperglycemic agents. INTERVENTIONS Interventions included sitagliptin 25 mg, sitagliptin 200 mg, or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measurements included plasma DPP-4 activity; post-OGTT glucose excursion; active and total incretin GIP levels; insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon concentrations; and sitagliptin pharmacokinetics. RESULTS Sitagliptin dose-dependently inhibited plasma DPP-4 activity over 24 h, enhanced active GLP-1 and GIP levels, increased insulin/C-peptide, decreased glucagon, and reduced glycemic excursion after OGTTs administered at 2 and 24 h after single oral 25- or 200-mg doses of sitagliptin. Sitagliptin was generally well tolerated, with no hypoglycemic events. CONCLUSIONS In this study in patients with type 2 diabetes, near maximal glucose-lowering efficacy of sitagliptin after single oral doses was associated with inhibition of plasma DPP-4 activity of 80% or greater, corresponding to a plasma sitagliptin concentration of 100 nm or greater, and an augmentation of active GLP-1 and GIP levels of 2-fold or higher after an OGTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Herman
- Merck Research Laboratories, Experimental Medicine, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, USA.
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Bergman AJ, Stevens C, Zhou Y, Yi B, Laethem M, De Smet M, Snyder K, Hilliard D, Tanaka W, Zeng W, Tanen M, Wang AQ, Chen L, Winchell G, Davies MJ, Ramael S, Wagner JA, Herman GA. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of multiple oral doses of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy male volunteers. Clin Ther 2006; 28:55-72. [PMID: 16490580 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors represent a new class of oral antihyperglycemic agents. Sitagliptin is an orally active and selective DPP-IV inhibitor currently in Phase III development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties and tolerability of multiple oral once-daily or twice-daily doses of sitagliptin. METHODS This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled,incremental oral-dose study was conducted at SGS Biopharma, Antwerp, Belgium. Healthy, nonsmoking male volunteers aged 18 to 45 years with a creatinine clearance rate of >80 mL/min and normoglycemia and weighing within 15% of their ideal height/weight range were randomly assigned to 1 of 8 treatment groups: sitagliptin 25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg or placebo, QD for 10 days; a single dose of sitagliptin 800 mg administered on day 1 followed by 600 mg QD on days 3 to 10; or sitagliptin 300 mg BID for 10 days. For analysis of PK properties, plasma and urine samples were obtained before study drug administration on day 1 and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 hours after study drug administration on day 1; before study drug administration on days 2 to 9; and every 24 hours for 96 hours after the last dose on day 10, and analyzed for sitagliptin concentrations. Assays were used to measure inhibition of plasma DPP-IV activity and plasma concentrations of active and total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose, and glucagon, and serum concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, insulin-like growth factor-1, and insulin like growth factor binding protein-3. Tolerability was assessed throughout the study using physical examination, including vital sign measurements; 12-lead electrocardiography; and laboratory analysis, including hematology, biochemistry (hepatic aminotransferase and creatine phosphokinase), and urinalysis. RESULTS Seventy subjects were enrolled (mean age, 32.9 years [range, 18-45 years]; mean weight, 79.7 kg [range, 63.4-97.7 kg]; 8 patients per sitagliptin study group and 14 patients in the control group). In the sitagliptin groups, the plasma concentration-time profiles and principal PK parameters (T(max), C(max), and t((1/2))) were statistically similar at days 1 (single dose) and 10 (steady state). In the groups receiving sitagliptin QD doses, accumulation of sitagliptin was modest (AUC accumulation ratio [day 10/day 1] range, 1.05-1.29), and the apparent terminal elimination t((1/2)) was 11.8 to 14.4 hours. At steady state in the sitagliptin QD groups, the mean proportion of drug excreted unchanged in the urine was approximately 70.6%. Dose-dependent inhibition of plasma DPP-IV activity was apparent, and the pattern of inhibition at steady state (day 10) was statistically similar to that observed on day 1. Day-10 weighted mean inhibition of plasma DPP-IV activity over 24 hours was > or = 80% for doses of > or = 50 mg QD. After a standard meal, active GLP-1 concentrations were significantly increased in the sitagliptin groups by approximately 2-fold compared with that in the control group, a finding consistent with near-maximal acute glucose lowering in preclinical studies. Across doses, no apparent adverse effects, including hypoglycemia, were found or reported. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study in a select population of healthy male volunteers suggest that multiple oral doses of sitagliptin inhibited plasma DPP-IV activity and affected active GLP-1 concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, without producing hypoglycemia. Multiple dosing of sitagliptin exhibited a PK/PD profile consistent with that of a QD regimen and was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J Bergman
- Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, New Jersey 07065-0900, USA
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45
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Herman GA, Stevens C, Van Dyck K, Bergman A, Yi B, De Smet M, Snyder K, Hilliard D, Tanen M, Tanaka W, Wang AQ, Zeng W, Musson D, Winchell G, Davies MJ, Ramael S, Gottesdiener KM, Wagner JA. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sitagliptin, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, in healthy subjects: results from two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with single oral doses. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2006; 78:675-88. [PMID: 16338283 DOI: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sitagliptin (MK-0431 [(2R)-4-oxo-4-(3-[trifluoromethyl]-5,6-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7[8H]-yl)-1-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-2-amine]) is an orally active, potent, and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) currently in phase III development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, alternating-panel studies evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single oral doses of sitagliptin (1.5-600 mg) in healthy male volunteers. RESULTS Sitagliptin was well absorbed (approximately 80% excreted unchanged in the urine) with an apparent terminal half-life ranging from 8 to 14 hours. Renal clearance of sitagliptin averaged 388 mL/min and was largely uninfluenced by the dose administered. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve for sitagliptin increased in an approximately dose-dependent manner and was not meaningfully influenced by food. Single doses of sitagliptin markedly and dose-dependently inhibited plasma DPP-IV activity, with approximately 80% or greater inhibition of DPP-IV activity occurring at 50 mg or greater over a 12-hour period and at 100 mg or greater over a 24-hour period. Compared with placebo, sitagliptin produced an approximately 2-fold increase in postmeal active glucagon-like peptide 1 levels. Sitagliptin was well tolerated and was not associated with hypoglycemia. CONCLUSIONS This study provides proof of pharmacologic characteristics for sitagliptin in humans. By inhibiting plasma DPP-IV activity, sitagliptin increases the postprandial rise in active glucagon-like peptide 1 concentrations without causing hypoglycemia in normoglycemic healthy male volunteers. Sitagliptin possesses pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics that support a once-daily dosing regimen.
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Zhang J, Zeng W, Kitchen C, Wang AQ, Musson DG. High-throughput sample preparation procedures for the quantitation of a new bone integrin ανβ3 antagonist in human plasma and urine using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 806:167-75. [PMID: 15171926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2003] [Revised: 03/22/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High throughput LC-MS/MS assays to quantitate a new alpha(nu)beta(3) bone integrin antagonist (I) in human plasma and urine have been developed using instruments programmed to automate sample preparation procedures. Packard liquid handling system-MultiPROBE II EX was programmed for preparing calibration standards in control plasma and urine, acidifying all standards, quality control (QC), and clinical samples with necessary dilutions, and adding the internal standard to the acidified samples. TOMTEC Quadra 96 was programmed to perform the solid phase extraction (SPE) process on a 3M 96-well mixed phase cation standard density (MPC-SD) plate to isolate the analytes from the sample matrix. The extract collected from both types of matrices was directly injected into reversed-phase LC-MS/MS system with a Turbo Ion Spray (TIS) interface in the positive ionization mode. The plasma and urine assays have the calibration range of 0.5-1500 and 2-6000 ng/mL, respectively. Validation of the automated and the manual plasma assays showed that application of MultiPROBE II to sample preparation gave comparable accuracy and precision. Overall, the automated approaches with minimum manual intervention enhanced the throughput of sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Merck Research Laboratories, WP75A-303, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Kitchen CJ, Wang AQ, Musson DG, Yang AY, Fisher AL. A semi-automated 96-well protein precipitation method for the determination of montelukast in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography/fluorescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 31:647-54. [PMID: 12644191 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(02)00723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple, semi-automated, protein precipitation assay for the determination of montelukast (SINGULAIR, MK-0476) in human plasma has been developed. Montelukast is a potent and selective antagonist of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor used for the treatment of asthma. A Packard MultiPROBE II EX is used to transfer 300 microl of plasma from sample, standard, and QC sample tubes to a microtiter plate (96-well). After addition of the internal standard by a repeating pipettor, a Tomtec QUADRA 96 adds 400 microl of acetonitrile to all plasma sample wells, simultaneously, in the microtiter plate. The Tomtec is also used to transfer the acetonitrile supernatant from the plasma protein precipitation step, batchwise, to another microtiter plate for analysis by HPLC with fluorescence detection. This assay has been validated and implemented for a clinical study of over 1300 plasma samples and is comparable to manual assays in the LLOQ (lower limit of quantitation, 3 ng/ml) and in stability. This is the first semi-automated protein precipitation assay published for the analysis of montelukast in human plasma and it results in significant time savings over the manual methods, both in sample preparation and in HPLC run time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester J Kitchen
- Merck Research Laboratories, WP75A-303, Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Wang AQ, Zeng W, Musson DG, Rogers JD, Fisher AL. A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/negative ion tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of an indolocarbazole in human plasma using 96-well diatomaceous earth plates for solid-liquid extraction [correction of using internal standard (IS) 96-well diatomaceous earth plates for solid-liquid extraction]. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2002; 16:975-981. [PMID: 11968130 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the quantitation of a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor (indolocarbazole derivative I) in human plasma was developed to support clinical studies. Drug and internal standard were isolated from plasma by solid-liquid extraction using 96-well diatomaceous earth plates. Various extraction solvents were evaluated for extraction of I and 9% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) in methyl-tert-butyl ether (MtBE) was chosen as the optimal extraction solvent. The sensitivity of this LC/MS/MS method is 10x higher in negative ion mode using alkaline conditions than in positive ion mode using a wide range of pH's. A mobile phase with 2 mM ammonium hydroxide enhanced the sensitivity in negative ion mode over other volatile bases. The calibration curve for compound I is linear over the range 0.05-200 ng/mL in plasma and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the assay is 0.05 ng/mL, when 0.25 mL of plasma is processed. The method was fully validated and successfully applied to plasma samples from clinical studies. Performing chromatography at high pH, for enhanced negative ion sensitivity, eliminates the need for post-column addition of base. Furthermore, the 96-well diatomaceous earth plate extraction offers the following advantages over liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) or solid-phase extraction (SPE): clean sample extracts with reduced sample preparation time; increased sample throughput; no conditioning or washing steps; and a neutral eluate applicable to acid/base labile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Q Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., Merck Research Laboratories, WP75A-303, P.O. Box 4, West Point, PA 19486-0004, USA.
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Wang AQ, Fisher AL, Hsieh J, Cairns AM, Rogers JD, Musson DG. Determination of a beta(3)-agonist in human plasma by LC/MS/MS with semi-automated 48-well diatomaceous earth plate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001; 26:357-65. [PMID: 11489381 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(01)00406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Methods for the determination of a beta(3)-agonist (A) in human plasma were developed and compared based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) detection using a turbo ion spray (TIS) interface. Drug and internal standard were isolated from plasma by three sample preparation methods, liquid-liquid extraction, Chem Elut cartridges and 48-well diatomaceous earth plates, that successively improved sample throughput for LC/MS/MS. MS/MS detection was performed on a PE Sciex API 365 tandem mass spectrometer operated in positive ion mode and using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The precursor/product ion combinations of m/z 625/607 and 653/515 were used to quantify A and internal standard, respectively, after chromatographic separation of the analytes. Using liquid-liquid extraction and Chem Elut cartridges, the assay concentration range was 0.5-100 ng/ml. Using diatomaceous earth plates, the concentration range of the assay was extended to 0.5-200 ng/ml. For all three assays, the statistics for precision and accuracy is comparable. The assay accuracy ranged from 91-107% and intraday precision as measured by the coefficient of variation (CV) ranged 2-10%. The sample throughput was tripled when the diatomaceous earth plate method was compared with the original liquid-liquid extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Q Wang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., WP 75A-303, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Wu ZL, Wang AQ. Diagnostic yield of repeated smear microscopy examinations among patients suspected of pulmonary TB in Shandong province of China. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2000; 4:1086-7. [PMID: 11092724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the yield of five repeated smear microscopy examinations for the diagnosis of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). METHODS Patients with respiratory symptoms and abnormal chest X-rays provided five spontaneous sputum samples for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy in one of nine county laboratories. RESULTS Of 9302 patients with respiratory symptoms and abnormal X-rays, 6437 (69%) had at least one smear-positive sputum. Of these, 84.5% were diagnosed on the first smear, 96.7% on the first two smears, and 99.9% on the first three sputum smears. The fourth and fifth sputum smears yielded only seven additional cases (0.1%). CONCLUSIONS Smear microscopy examination of two spontaneous sputum specimens is the most efficient, and three sputum smear examinations provide a diagnosis in almost all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Wu
- Shandong Center for Tuberculosis Control, Jinan, China.
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