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Hochkirch A, Bilz M, Ferreira CC, Danielczak A, Allen D, Nieto A, Rondinini C, Harding K, Hilton-Taylor C, Pollock CM, Seddon M, Vié JC, Alexander KN, Beech E, Biscoito M, Braud Y, Burfield IJ, Buzzetti FM, Cálix M, Carpenter KE, Chao NL, Chobanov D, Christenhusz MJM, Collette BB, Comeros-Raynal MT, Cox N, Craig M, Cuttelod A, Darwall WRT, Dodelin B, Dulvy NK, Englefield E, Fay MF, Fettes N, Freyhof J, García S, Criado MG, Harvey M, Hodgetts N, Ieronymidou C, Kalkman VJ, Kell SP, Kemp J, Khela S, Lansdown RV, Lawson JM, Leaman DJ, Brehm JM, Maxted N, Miller RM, Neubert E, Odé B, Pollard D, Pollom R, Pople R, Presa Asensio JJ, Ralph GM, Rankou H, Rivers M, Roberts SPM, Russell B, Sennikov A, Soldati F, Staneva A, Stump E, Symes A, Telnov D, Temple H, Terry A, Timoshyna A, van Swaay C, Väre H, Walls RHL, Willemse L, Wilson B, Window J, Wright EGE, Zuna-Kratky T. A multi-taxon analysis of European Red Lists reveals major threats to biodiversity. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293083. [PMID: 37939028 PMCID: PMC10631624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodiversity loss is a major global challenge and minimizing extinction rates is the goal of several multilateral environmental agreements. Policy decisions require comprehensive, spatially explicit information on species' distributions and threats. We present an analysis of the conservation status of 14,669 European terrestrial, freshwater and marine species (ca. 10% of the continental fauna and flora), including all vertebrates and selected groups of invertebrates and plants. Our results reveal that 19% of European species are threatened with extinction, with higher extinction risks for plants (27%) and invertebrates (24%) compared to vertebrates (18%). These numbers exceed recent IPBES (Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) assumptions of extinction risk. Changes in agricultural practices and associated habitat loss, overharvesting, pollution and development are major threats to biodiversity. Maintaining and restoring sustainable land and water use practices is crucial to minimize future biodiversity declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hochkirch
- Musée National d’Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
- IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, Trier, Germany
- IUCN SSC Steering Committee, Caracas, Venezuela
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
| | - Melanie Bilz
- Institute of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- IUCN SSC Freshwater Plant Specialist Group, Stroud, United Kingdom
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catarina C. Ferreira
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
- UFZ—Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Conservation Biology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Danielczak
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - David Allen
- IUCN, Biodiversity Assessment and Knowledge Team, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Nieto
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
- IUCN, Species Conservation Action Team, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Rondinini
- Global Mammal Assessment program, Department of Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome; Rome, Italy
- Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Kate Harding
- IUCN, Biodiversity Assessment and Knowledge Team, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mary Seddon
- IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, Trier, Germany
- IUCN SSC Mollusc Specialist Group, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Christophe Vié
- IUCN SSC Steering Committee, Caracas, Venezuela
- Fondation Franklinia, Genève, Switzerland
- IUCN SSC Plant Conservation Committee, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Emily Beech
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Biscoito
- Funchal Natural History Museum, Funchal, Portugal
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yoan Braud
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
| | - Ian J. Burfield
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- IUCN SSC Red List Authority for Birds, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Maria Buzzetti
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
- Fondazione Museo Civico di Rovereto, Sezione Zoologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Marta Cálix
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
- Rewilding Portugal, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Kent E. Carpenter
- IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Biological Sciences, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | | | - Dragan Chobanov
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Bruce B. Collette
- IUCN Tuna and Billfish Specialist Group, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Mia T. Comeros-Raynal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Neil Cox
- IUCN-Conservation International Biodiversity Assessment Unit, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Matthew Craig
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Annabelle Cuttelod
- IUCN Red List Unit, IUCN Global Species Programme, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benoit Dodelin
- IUCN Specialist Adviser on European Saproxylic Beetles, Truro, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas K. Dulvy
- Earth to Ocean Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Eve Englefield
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
- Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough, United Kingdom
| | - Michael F. Fay
- IUCN SSC Orchid Specialist Group, Royal Botanic Gardens; Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Fettes
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
- Scott Cawley, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jörg Freyhof
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mariana García Criado
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
- School of Geosciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Harvey
- IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Biological Sciences, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Nick Hodgetts
- European Committee for the Conservation of Bryophytes, Portree, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Shelagh P. Kell
- The University of Birmingham, School of Biosciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Kemp
- IUCN European Regional Office, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sonia Khela
- IUCN SSC Cave Invertebrate Specialist Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Julia M. Lawson
- IUCN Red List Unit, IUCN Global Species Programme, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Joana Magos Brehm
- The University of Birmingham, School of Biosciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- IUCN SSC Crop Wild Relative Specialist Group, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Maxted
- The University of Birmingham, School of Biosciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M. Miller
- IUCN Red List Unit, IUCN Global Species Programme, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Baudewijn Odé
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
- FLORON Plant Conservation Netherlands, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David Pollard
- Department of Ichthyology, Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia
| | - Riley Pollom
- Species Recovery Program, Seattle Aquarium, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Rob Pople
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gina M. Ralph
- IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Biological Sciences, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Hassan Rankou
- IUCN SSC Orchid Specialist Group, Royal Botanic Gardens; Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Malin Rivers
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, United Kingdom
- IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group, Richmond, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart P. M. Roberts
- Department of Agroecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barry Russell
- IUCN Snapper, Seabream and Grunt Specialist Group, Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, Australia
| | - Alexander Sennikov
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabien Soldati
- Office National des Forêts, Laboratoire National d’Entomologie Forestière, Quillan, France
| | - Anna Staneva
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Stump
- IUCN Marine Biodiversity Unit, Biological Sciences, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Andy Symes
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry Telnov
- Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, United Kingdom
- Coleopterological Research Center, Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, Latvia
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia
| | - Helen Temple
- The Biodiversity Consultancy, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Terry
- Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasiya Timoshyna
- IUCN SSC Medicinal Plant Specialist Group, Ottawa, Canada
- TRAFFIC, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Chris van Swaay
- Vlinderstichting (Dutch Butterfly Conservation), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henry Väre
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rachel H. L. Walls
- Reef Environmental Education Foundation, Key Largo, FL, United States of America
| | - Luc Willemse
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brett Wilson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jemma Window
- IUCN, Biodiversity Assessment and Knowledge Team, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas Zuna-Kratky
- IUCN SSC Grasshopper Specialist Group, Trier, Germany
- Ingenieurbüro für Landschaftsplanung und Landschaftspflege, Vienna, Austria
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Ogan S, Paulus C, Froehlich C, Renker C, Kolwelter C, Schendzielorz M, Danielczak A, Müller K, Eulering H, Hochkirch A. Re‐surveys reveal biotic homogenization of Orthoptera assemblages as a consequence of environmental change. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Ogan
- Department of Biogeography Trier University Trier Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Katrin Müller
- Department of Biogeography Trier University Trier Germany
| | | | - Axel Hochkirch
- Department of Biogeography Trier University Trier Germany
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Hochkirch A, Samways MJ, Gerlach J, Böhm M, Williams P, Cardoso P, Cumberlidge N, Stephenson PJ, Seddon MB, Clausnitzer V, Borges PAV, Mueller GM, Pearce-Kelly P, Raimondo DC, Danielczak A, Dijkstra KDB. A strategy for the next decade to address data deficiency in neglected biodiversity. Conserv Biol 2021; 35:502-509. [PMID: 32656858 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measuring progress toward international biodiversity targets requires robust information on the conservation status of species, which the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species provides. However, data and capacity are lacking for most hyperdiverse groups, such as invertebrates, plants, and fungi, particularly in megadiverse or high-endemism regions. Conservation policies and biodiversity strategies aimed at halting biodiversity loss by 2020 need to be adapted to tackle these information shortfalls after 2020. We devised an 8-point strategy to close existing data gaps by reviving explorative field research on the distribution, abundance, and ecology of species; linking taxonomic research more closely with conservation; improving global biodiversity databases by making the submission of spatially explicit data mandatory for scientific publications; developing a global spatial database on threats to biodiversity to facilitate IUCN Red List assessments; automating preassessments by integrating distribution data and spatial threat data; building capacity in taxonomy, ecology, and biodiversity monitoring in countries with high species richness or endemism; creating species monitoring programs for lesser-known taxa; and developing sufficient funding mechanisms to reduce reliance on voluntary efforts. Implementing these strategies in the post-2020 biodiversity framework will help to overcome the lack of capacity and data regarding the conservation status of biodiversity. This will require a collaborative effort among scientists, policy makers, and conservation practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hochkirch
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, c/o IUCN, Gland, 1196, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Samways
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Justin Gerlach
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- Peterhouse, Cambridge, CB2 1RD, U.K
| | - Monika Böhm
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, U.K
| | | | - Pedro Cardoso
- IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, c/o IUCN, Gland, 1196, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00100, Finland
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, 9700-042, Portugal
| | - Neil Cumberlidge
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, 49855, U.S.A
| | - P J Stephenson
- IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, c/o IUCN, Gland, 1196, Switzerland
- Science & Economic Knowledge Unit, IUCN, Gland, 1196, Switzerland
- Ecosystem Management Group, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Mary B Seddon
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- IUCN SSC Mollusc Specialist Group, Exbourne, Okehampton, EX20 3RD, U.K
| | - Viola Clausnitzer
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, Görlitz, 02826, Germany
| | - Paulo A V Borges
- Department of Biogeography, IUCN SSC Invertebrate Conservation Committee, c/o Trier University, Trier, D-54286, Germany
- IUCN SSC Species Monitoring Specialist Group, c/o IUCN, Gland, 1196, Switzerland
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, 9700-042, Portugal
| | - Gregory M Mueller
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, IL, 60022, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Anja Danielczak
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier Centre for Biodiversity Conservation, Trier, D-54286, Germany
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Borges PAV, Lamelas-Lopez L, Amorim IR, Danielczak A, Boieiro M, Rego C, Wallon S, Nunes R, Cardoso P, Hochkirch A. Species conservation profiles of cave-dwelling arthropods from Azores, Portugal. Biodivers Data J 2019; 7:e32530. [PMID: 31105442 PMCID: PMC6494796 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.7.e32530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Azorean volcanic cave biodiversity is under considerable pressure due to ongoing threats of pollution, land use change, touristic activities or climate change. In this contribution, we present the IUCN Red List profiles of 15 cave-adapted arthropod species, endemic to the Azorean archipelago, including species belonging to the speciose genus Trechus (Carabidae), which is represented in Azores by seven species. The objective of this paper is to assess all endemic Azorean cave-adapted species and advise on possible future research and conservation actions critical for the long-term survival of the most endangered species. New information Most species have a restricted distribution (i.e. occur in one or two caves), very small extent of occurrence (EOO) and a small area of occupancy (AOO). A continuing decline in the number of mature individuals is inferred from the ongoing cave habitat degradation. The two troglobitic species of the homopteran genus Cixius are in great danger of extinction due to major land-use changes in epigean habitats above their known localities. We suggest, as future measures of conservation, the regular monitoring of the species (every five years), the creation of additional protected caves, the limitation of several aggressive activities around the caves (e.g. decreasing pasture intensification) and in some cases the creation of fences in the entrance of the most important caves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Alexandre Vieira Borges
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal
| | - Lucas Lamelas-Lopez
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal
| | - Isabel R Amorim
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal
| | - Anja Danielczak
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, D-54296 Trier, Germany Trier University, Department of Biogeography D-54296 Trier Germany
| | - Mário Boieiro
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal
| | - Carla Rego
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal
| | - Sophie Wallon
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal
| | - Rui Nunes
- IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal.,CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland LIBRe - Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland.,IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group, Helsinki, Finland IUCN SSC Spider & Scorpion Specialist Group Helsinki Finland.,CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal
| | - Axel Hochkirch
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, D-54296 Trier, Germany Trier University, Department of Biogeography D-54296 Trier Germany
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Borges PAV, Pérez Santa-Rita JV, Nunes R, Danielczak A, Hochkirch A, Amorim IR, Lamelas-Lopez L, Karsholt O, Vieira V. Species conservation profile of moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera) from Azores, Portugal. Biodivers Data J 2018:e23311. [PMID: 29706789 PMCID: PMC5919917 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.6.e23311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The few remnants of Azorean native forests harbour a unique set of endemic moths (Insecta, Lepidoptera), some of them under severe long term threats due to small sized habitats or climatic changes. In this contribution, we present the IUCN Red List profiles of 34 endemic moths to the Azorean archipelago, including species belonging to two diverse families: Noctuidae (11 species) and Crambidae (eight species). The objective of this paper is to assess all endemic Azorean moth species and advise on possible future research and conservation actions critical for the long-trem survival of the most endangered species. New information Most species have a large distribution (i.e. 58% occur in at least four islands), very large extent of occurrence (EOO) and a relatively large area of occupancy (AOO). Only nine species are single-island endemics, three of them from Flores, three from São Miguel and one from Pico, São Jorge and Faial. Most of the species also experience continuing decline in habitat quality, number of locations and subpopulations caused by the ongoing threat from pasture intensification, forestry, invasive plant species and future climatic changes. The lack of new records may indicate that one of the species previously named is extinct (Eupitheciaogilviata). Therefore, we suggest as future conservation actions: (1) a long-term species monitoring plan and (2) control of invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo A V Borges
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Jose V Pérez Santa-Rita
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Rui Nunes
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Anja Danielczak
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, D-54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Axel Hochkirch
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, D-54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Isabel R Amorim
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Lucas Lamelas-Lopez
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
| | - Ole Karsholt
- Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Virgílio Vieira
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, Ponta Delgada, Azores, Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Azores, Portugal
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Borges PAV, Lamelas-López L, Amorim IR, Danielczak A, Nunes R, Serrano ARM, Boieiro M, Rego C, Hochkirch A, Vieira V. Conservation status of the forest beetles (Insecta, Coleoptera) from Azores, Portugal. Biodivers Data J 2017:e14557. [PMID: 29104432 PMCID: PMC5665008 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.5.e14557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Island biodiversity is under considerable pressure due to the ongoing threats of invasive alien species, land use change or climate change. The few remnants of Azorean native forests harbour a unique set of endemic beetles, some of them possibly already extinct or under severe long term threat due to the small areas of the remaining habitats or climatic changes. In this contribution we present the IUCN Red List profiles of 54 forest adapted beetle species endemic to the Azorean archipelago, including species belonging to four speciose families: Zopheridae (12 species), Carabidae (11 species), Curculionidae (11 species) and Staphylinidae (10 species). New information Most species have a restricted distribution (i.e. 66% occur in only one island) and a very small extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO). Also common to most of the species is the severe fragmentation of their populations, and a continuing decline in EOO, AOO, habitat quality, number of locations and subpopulations caused by the ongoing threat from pasture intensification, forestry, invasive species and future climatic changes. Therefore, we suggest as future measures of conservation: (1) a long-term monitoring plan for the species; (2) control of invasive species; (3) species-specific conservation action for the most highly threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Alexandre Vieira Borges
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Lucas Lamelas-López
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Isabel R Amorim
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Anja Danielczak
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, D-54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Rui Nunes
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Artur R M Serrano
- Centro de Biologia Ambiental/Departamento de Biologia Animal/, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário Boieiro
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Carla Rego
- CE3C - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Dep. de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
| | - Axel Hochkirch
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, D-54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Virgílio Vieira
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Biologia, Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Açores, Portugal.,IUCN SSC Mid-Atlantic Islands Specialist Group, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal
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