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Flaus-Furmaniuk A, Fianu A, Lenclume V, Chirpaz E, Balcou-Debussche M, Debussche X, Marimoutou C. Attrition and social vulnerability during 2-year-long structured care in type 2 diabetes, the ERMIES randomized controlled trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:314. [PMID: 36510180 PMCID: PMC9746115 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes self-management education is exposed to attrition from services and structured ambulatory care. However, knowledge about factors related to attrition in educational programs remains limited. The context of social vulnerability due to low income may interfere. The aim of this study was to identify the sociodemographic, clinical, psychometric, and lifestyle factors associated with attrition from the ERMIES multicentre randomized parallel controlled trial (RCT) that was interrupted due to the combination of both slow inclusion and high attrition. METHODS The ERMIES trial was performed from 2011 to 2016 on Reunion Island, which is characterized by a multicultural population and high social vulnerability. The original objective of the RCT was to test the efficacy of a2-year structured group self-management education in improving blood glucose in adult patients with nonrecent, insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes. One hundred participants were randomized to intensive educational intervention maintained over two years (n = 51) versus only initial education (n = 49). Randomization was stratified on two factors: centres (five strata) and antidiabetic treatment (two strata: insulin-treated or not). Sociodemographic, clinical, health-care access and pathway, psychometric and lifestyle characteristics data were collected at baseline and used to assess determinants of attrition in a particular social context and vulnerability. Attrition and retention rates were measured at each visit during the study. Multiple correspondence analysis and Cox regression were performed to identify variables associated with attrition. RESULTS The global attrition rate was 26% during the study, with no significant difference between the two arms of randomization (9 dropouts out of 51 patients in the intervention group and 17 out of 49 in the control group). Male gender, multiperson household, low household incomes (< 800 euros), probable depression and history of hospitalization or medical leave at inclusion were associated with a higher risk of attrition from the study in multivariate regression. CONCLUSIONS Social context, vulnerability, and health care history were related to attrition in this 2-year longitudinal comparative study of structured care. Considering these potential determinants and biases is of importance in scaling up interventions aimed at the optimization of long-term care in type 2 diabetes mellitus. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID_RCB number: 2011-A00046-35, Clinicaltrials.gov number: NCT01425866 (Registration date: 30/08/2011). SOURCE OF FUNDING Ministry of Health, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Flaus-Furmaniuk
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital of the Reunion Island, Saint Denis, France.
- INSERM CIC 1410, University Hospital of the Reunion Island, Saint Denis, France.
| | - Adrian Fianu
- INSERM CIC 1410, University Hospital of the Reunion Island, Saint Denis, France
- CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Victorine Lenclume
- INSERM CIC 1410, University Hospital of the Reunion Island, Saint Denis, France
| | - Emmanuel Chirpaz
- INSERM CIC 1410, University Hospital of the Reunion Island, Saint Denis, France
| | - Maryvette Balcou-Debussche
- Icare Research Unit, Institut Coopératif Austral Pour La Recherche en Éducation EA7389, University of Reunion, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Xavier Debussche
- Endocrinology Department, University Hospital of the Reunion Island, Saint Denis, France
- INSERM CIC 1410, University Hospital of the Reunion Island, Saint Denis, France
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Tramunt B, Smati S, Coudol S, Wargny M, Pichelin M, Guyomarch B, Al-Salameh A, Amadou C, Barraud S, Bigot E, Bordier L, Borot S, Bourgeon M, Bourron O, Charrière S, Chevalier N, Cosson E, Fève B, Flaus-Furmaniuk A, Fontaine P, Galioot A, Gonfroy-Leymarie C, Guerci B, Lablanche S, Lalau JD, Larger E, Lasbleiz A, Laviolle B, Marre M, Munch M, Potier L, Prevost G, Renard E, Reznik Y, Seret-Bégué D, Sibilia P, Thuillier P, Vergès B, Gautier JF, Hadjadj S, Cariou B, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Gourdy P. Sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes of inpatients with diabetes: insights from the CORONADO study. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185:299-311. [PMID: 34085949 PMCID: PMC9494335 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Male sex is one of the determinants of severe coronavirus diseas-e-2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to characterize sex differences in severe outcomes in adults with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19. METHODS We performed a sex-stratified analysis of clinical and biological features and outcomes (i.e. invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and home discharge at day 7 (D7) or day 28 (D28)) in 2380 patients with diabetes hospitalized for COVID-19 and included in the nationwide CORONADO observational study (NCT04324736). RESULTS The study population was predominantly male (63.5%). After multiple adjustments, female sex was negatively associated with the primary outcome (IMV and/or death, OR: 0.66 (0.49-0.88)), death (OR: 0.49 (0.30-0.79)) and ICU admission (OR: 0.57 (0.43-0.77)) at D7 but only with ICU admission (OR: 0.58 (0.43-0.77)) at D28. Older age and a history of microvascular complications were predictors of death at D28 in both sexes, while chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was predictive of death in women only. At admission, C-reactive protein (CRP), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), according to the CKD-EPI formula predicted death in both sexes. Lymphocytopenia was an independent predictor of death in women only, while thrombocytopenia and elevated plasma glucose concentration were predictors of death in men only. CONCLUSIONS In patients with diabetes admitted for COVID-19, female sex was associated with lower incidence of early severe outcomes, but did not influence the overall in-hospital mortality, suggesting that diabetes mitigates the female protection from COVID-19 severity. Sex-associated biological determinants may be useful to optimize COVID-19 prevention and management in women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Tramunt
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1297 INSERM/UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarra Smati
- Nantes University, Nantes University Hospital, CNRS, INSERM, L’Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | | | - Matthieu Wargny
- Nantes University, Nantes University Hospital, CNRS, INSERM, L’Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
- CIC-EC 1413, Data Clinic, France
| | - Matthieu Pichelin
- Nantes University, Nantes University Hospital, CNRS, INSERM, L’Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Guyomarch
- Research Department, Methodology and Biostatistics Platform, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Abdallah Al-Salameh
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Nutrition, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
- PériTox=UMR_I 01, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Coralie Amadou
- Department of Diabetology, Sud Francilien Hospital Center, Corbeil Essonne, France
| | - Sara Barraud
- CRESTIC EA 3804, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Moulin de la Housse, Reims, France
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetes-Nutrition, Reims University Hospital, Avenue du Général Koenig, Reims, France
| | - Edith Bigot
- Department of Biochemistry, Nantes University Hospital, G et R Laënnec Hospital, Bd Jacques Monod, Nantes, France
| | - Lyse Bordier
- Department of Endocrinology, Bégin Hospital, Saint-Mandé, France
| | - Sophie Borot
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Muriel Bourgeon
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Clamart, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Olivier Bourron
- Department of Diabetology, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital, Inserm, UMR_S 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris 06, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition ICAN, Paris, France
| | - Sybil Charrière
- Federation of Endocrinology – Louis Pradel Cardiovascular Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, INSERM UMR 1060 Carmen, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- University of Côte d’Azur, University Hospital, Inserm U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Cosson
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Avicenne Hospital, Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CRNH-IdF, CINFO, Bobigny, France
- Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR U557 Inserm/U11125 INRAE/CNAM/Paris13 University, Nutritional Epidemiological Research Unit, Bobigny, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- Department of Endocrinology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Reference Center of Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Inserm UMRS 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Anna Flaus-Furmaniuk
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, Felix Guyon Site, University Hospital of la Réunion, Saint-Denis de la Réunion, France
| | - Pierre Fontaine
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Hospital of Huriez, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Amandine Galioot
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Bordeaux University Hospital and University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Bruno Guerci
- Lorraine University and Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Sandrine Lablanche
- Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM U1055, LBFA, Endocrinology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Lalau
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus and Nutrition, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France
- PériTox=UMR_I 01, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Etienne Larger
- Department of Diabetology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Adèle Lasbleiz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Hospital of la Conception, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Laviolle
- Rennes University, Rennes University Hospital, Inserm, CIC 1414 (Clinical Investigation Center), Rennes, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Ambroise Paré Neuilly-sur-Seine Hospital, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Marion Munch
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Strasbourg University Hospitals, Strasbourg, France
| | - Louis Potier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Bichat Hospital, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Cordeliers Research Center, Inserm, U-1138, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Gaëtan Prevost
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Eric Renard
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Montpellier University Hospital, INSERM Clinical Investigation Centre, Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yves Reznik
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital of Côte de Nacre, Caen Cedex, France
| | | | - Paul Sibilia
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Thuillier
- Department of Endocrinology, Brest University Hospital, EA 3878 GETBO, Brest, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Hospital of Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-François Gautier
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Paris Diderot-Paris VII University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- Nantes University, Nantes University Hospital, CNRS, INSERM, L’Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- Nantes University, Nantes University Hospital, CNRS, INSERM, L’Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Franck Mauvais-Jarvis
- Section of Endocrinology, John W Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Tulane Center of Excellence in Sex-Based Biology and Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to F Mauvais-Jarvis;
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Department of Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Toulouse University Hospital, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1297 INSERM/UPS, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
- Correspondence should be addressed to P Gourdy;
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Wargny M, Potier L, Gourdy P, Pichelin M, Amadou C, Benhamou PY, Bonnet JB, Bordier L, Bourron O, Chaumeil C, Chevalier N, Darmon P, Delenne B, Demarsy D, Dumas M, Dupuy O, Flaus-Furmaniuk A, Gautier JF, Guedj AM, Jeandidier N, Larger E, Le Berre JP, Lungo M, Montanier N, Moulin P, Plat F, Rigalleau V, Robert R, Seret-Bégué D, Sérusclat P, Smati S, Thébaut JF, Tramunt B, Vatier C, Velayoudom FL, Vergès B, Winiszewski P, Zabulon A, Gourraud PA, Roussel R, Cariou B, Hadjadj S. Predictors of hospital discharge and mortality in patients with diabetes and COVID-19: updated results from the nationwide CORONADO study. Diabetologia 2021; 64:778-794. [PMID: 33599800 PMCID: PMC7890396 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05351-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This is an update of the results from the previous report of the CORONADO (Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes Outcomes) study, which aims to describe the outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with diabetes hospitalised for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS The CORONADO initiative is a French nationwide multicentre study of patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19 with a 28-day follow-up. The patients were screened after hospital admission from 10 March to 10 April 2020. We mainly focused on hospital discharge and death within 28 days. RESULTS We included 2796 participants: 63.7% men, mean age 69.7 ± 13.2 years, median BMI (25th-75th percentile) 28.4 (25.0-32.4) kg/m2. Microvascular and macrovascular diabetic complications were found in 44.2% and 38.6% of participants, respectively. Within 28 days, 1404 (50.2%; 95% CI 48.3%, 52.1%) were discharged from hospital with a median duration of hospital stay of 9 (5-14) days, while 577 participants died (20.6%; 95% CI 19.2%, 22.2%). In multivariable models, younger age, routine metformin therapy and longer symptom duration on admission were positively associated with discharge. History of microvascular complications, anticoagulant routine therapy, dyspnoea on admission, and higher aspartate aminotransferase, white cell count and C-reactive protein levels were associated with a reduced chance of discharge. Factors associated with death within 28 days mirrored those associated with discharge, and also included routine treatment by insulin and statin as deleterious factors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In patients with diabetes hospitalised for COVID-19, we established prognostic factors for hospital discharge and death that could help clinicians in this pandemic period. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04324736.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Wargny
- l'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, Inserm, CIC 1413, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 11: Santé Publique, Clinique des Données, Nantes, France
| | - Louis Potier
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, U-1138, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gourdy
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR1048 Inserm/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Matthieu Pichelin
- l'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Coralie Amadou
- Département de Diabétologie, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Benhamou
- Service Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition, CHU Grenoble, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Bonnet
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition et CIC Inserm 1411, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lyse Bordier
- Département de Diabétologie, H.I.A. Begin, Saint Mandé, France
| | - Olivier Bourron
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Diabétologie, CHU La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, U-1138, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition ICAN, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Patrice Darmon
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- C2VN, Inserm, INRA, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Blandine Delenne
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Centre Hospitalier d'Aix-en-Provence, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Delphine Demarsy
- Service Endocrinologie-Diabétologie, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque, Bayonne, France
| | - Marie Dumas
- Service Endocrinologie-Diabétologie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul Lille, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Dupuy
- Service de Diabétologie Endocrinologie, Hôpital Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France
| | - Anna Flaus-Furmaniuk
- Service d'Endocrinologie - Diabétologie, Site Felix Guyon, CHU de la Réunion, Saint-Denis de la Réunion, France
| | - Jean-François Gautier
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, U-1138, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Service de Diabétologie et d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Guedj
- Service des Maladies Métaboliques et Endocriniennes, CHU de Nîmes, Université de Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Nathalie Jeandidier
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, UdS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Larger
- Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Myriam Lungo
- Service d'Endocrinologie et de Diabétologie, Centre Hospitalier de Bastia, Bastia, France
| | | | - Philippe Moulin
- Hôpital Cardiovasculaire Louis Pradel, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Inserm UMR 1060 Carmen, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Françoise Plat
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Centre Hospitalier d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Vincent Rigalleau
- Endocrinology-Nutrition Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - René Robert
- Université de Poitiers; CIC Inserm 1402; Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Dominique Seret-Bégué
- Service de Diabétologie, Endocrinologie et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier de Gonesse, Gonesse, France
| | - Pierre Sérusclat
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Groupe Hospitalier Mutualiste Les Portes du Sud, Venissieux, France
| | - Sarra Smati
- l'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Blandine Tramunt
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, UMR1048 Inserm/UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Reference Center of Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Department of Endocrinology, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, Inserm UMRS 938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Fritz-Line Velayoudom
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Métabolisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Guadeloupe, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Bruno Vergès
- Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital du Bocage, Dijon, France
| | - Patrice Winiszewski
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Hôpital Nord Franche-Comté, Trévenans, France
| | - Audrey Zabulon
- Service d'Endocrinologie et Diabétologie, CHU de Martinique, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Gourraud
- CHU de Nantes, Inserm, CIC 1413, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 11: Santé Publique, Clinique des Données, Nantes, France
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Nutrition, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm, U-1138, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- l'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- l'institut du thorax, Inserm, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
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