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Stookey JD, Del Toro R, Hamer J, Medina A, Higa A, Ng V, TinajeroDeck L, Juarez L. Qualitative and/or quantitative drinking water recommendations for pediatric obesity treatment. J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2014; 4:232. [PMID: 25632375 PMCID: PMC4306278 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The qualitative recommendation to 'drink water instead of caloric beverages' may facilitate pediatric obesity treatment by lowering total energy intake. The quantitative recommendation to 'drink enough water to dilute urine' might further facilitate weight loss by increasing fat oxidation via cell hydration-mediated changes in insulin. METHODS This 8 week randomized intervention tested whether both qualitative-plus-quantitative (QQ) drinking water recommendations result in more weight loss than the qualitative recommendation alone (Q) in 25 children (9-12y) with body mass index at or above the 85th Percentile, given a reduced glycemic diet and usual physical activity. Random urine osmolality, saliva insulin, and body weight were assessed weekly. Mixed models explored if insulin mediated an effect of urine osmolality on weight loss. RESULTS In intention-to-treat analyses, QQ and Q participants did not differ significantly with respect to level of urine osmolality, saliva insulin, or weight loss. Only 4 out of 16 QQ participants complied with instruction to drink enough water to dilute urine, however. In completers analyses, the compliant QQ participants, who diluted urine osmolality from 910 ± 161 mmol/kg at baseline to below 500 mmol/kg over time (8 week mean±SE: 450 ± 67 mmol/kg), had significantly lower saliva insulin over time (8 week mean±SE: 13 ± 8 pmol/l vs. 22 ± 4 pmol/l) and greater weight loss (mean ± SE: -3.3 ± 0.7kg vs. -2.0 ± 0.5 kg) than compliant Q participants (7 out of 9 participants) who maintained elevated urine osmolality over time (8- week mean±SE: 888 ± 41 mmol/kg). Urine osmolality below 500 mmol/kg was significantly associated with weight loss. Change in saliva insulin partially explained the association. CONCLUSIONS QQ recommendations may increase weight loss for those able to dilute urine. Work is warranted to pursue cell hydration effects of drinking water for pediatric obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi D Stookey
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Janice Hamer
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Alma Medina
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Annie Higa
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Vivian Ng
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Lydia TinajeroDeck
- Healthy Hearts Program for Weight Management, Children's Hospital & Research Center, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Lourdes Juarez
- Healthy Hearts Program for Weight Management, Children's Hospital & Research Center, Oakland, CA, USA
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Stookey JD, Klein A, Hamer J, Chi C, Higa A, Ng V, Arieff A, Kuypers FA, Larkin S, Perrier E, Lang F. RBC deformability and amino acid concentrations after hypo-osmotic challenge may reflect chronic cell hydration status in healthy young men. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00117. [PMID: 24303184 PMCID: PMC3841048 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of chronic cell hydration status are needed to determine whether chronic hyperosmotic stress increases chronic disease risk in population-representative samples. In vitro, cells adapt to chronic hyperosmotic stress by upregulating protein breakdown to counter the osmotic gradient with higher intracellular amino acid concentrations. If cells are subsequently exposed to hypo-osmotic conditions, the adaptation results in excess cell swelling and/or efflux of free amino acids. This study explored whether increased red blood cell (RBC) swelling and/or plasma or urine amino acid concentrations after hypo-osmotic challenge might be informative about relative chronic hyperosmotic stress in free-living men. Five healthy men (20-25 years) with baseline total water intake below 2 L/day participated in an 8-week clinical study: four 2-week periods in a U-shaped A-B-C-A design. Intake of drinking water was increased by +0.8 ± 0.3 L/day in period 2, and +1.5 ± 0.3 L/day in period 3, and returned to baseline intake (0.4 ± 0.2 L/day) in period 4. Each week, fasting blood and urine were collected after a 750 mL bolus of drinking water, following overnight water restriction. The periods of higher water intake were associated with significant decreases in RBC deformability (index of cell swelling), plasma histidine, urine arginine, and urine glutamic acid. After 4 weeks of higher water intake, four out of five participants had ½ maximal RBC deformability below 400 mmol/kg; plasma histidine below 100 μmol/L; and/or undetectable urine arginine and urine glutamic acid concentrations. Work is warranted to pursue RBC deformability and amino acid concentrations after hypo-osmotic challenge as possible biomarkers of chronic cell hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi D Stookey
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute Oakland, California
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Villarreal C, Arteaga I, Higa A, Quintana M, Espinoza S. Perfil del profesional nutricionista requerido por las instituciones empleadoras en la ciudad de Lima. An Fac med 2013. [DOI: 10.15381/anales.v73i1.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivos: Comprobar si las competencias profesionales, características y cualidades del nutricionista egresado de la EAP Nutrición están de acuerdo a las expectativas de las instituciones empleadoras. diseño: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, observacional. Institución: Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Participantes: Directivos de empleadoras de nutricionistas. intervenciones: A 28 instituciones empleadoras de nutricionistas egresados de la UNMSM, se aplicó una encuesta con el listado de competencias del plan curricular para cada área de desempeño profesional: Nutrición Clínica, Nutrición Pública, Servicios de Alimentación Colectiva y Deporte. Principales medidas de resultados: Competencias, características y cualidades, según áreas de desempeño profesional. Resultados: Todas las competencias en las diferentes áreas del listado fueron consideradas importantes para el desempeño del nutricionista. Además los encuestados recomendaron otras competencias necesarias para su institución. Respecto a las características y cualidades, no manifestaron preferencia por determinada edad o sexo, pero sí coincidieron en destacar la presentación y el trato personal, así como la iniciativa, en la práctica de la profesión. Conclusiones: El perfil de competencias del profesional definido por la Escuela de Nutrición para sus egresados estuvo de acuerdo a las expectativas de las instituciones empleadoras. Sin embargo, requeriría reforzar algunos aspectos en cada una de las áreas de desempeño, así como en la formación de valores y liderazgo.
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Stookey JJD, Del Toro R, Hamer J, Medina A, King J, Higa A, Ng V. Drinking water to dilute urine osmolality is associated with greater weight loss in pre‐adolescents eating lower glycemic foods. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.126.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Iseki K, Arima H, Kohagura K, Komiya I, Ueda S, Tokuyama K, Shiohira Y, Uehara H, Toma S, Tomiyama N, Arima H, Chinen S, Tokashiki K, Hirano-Nakasone A, Nohara C, Ueda S, Ueda S, Kohagura K, Toma S, Tana T, Higa A, Yamazato M, Ishida Y, Tokuyama K, Nagayoshi N, Miyagi S, Asato T, Kobayashi R, Shiohira Y, Yonaha T, Uezu Y, Kuwae N, Nakasato S, Oshiro Y, Nashiro K, Asato T, Katsuren H, Kagawa H, Naika-Geka K, Higa T, Ikema M, Akamine K, Nishihira M, Jahana M, Imai C, Yonaha T, Ikemura M, Uechi M, Yamazato M, Yoshihara K, Arakaki M, Iha K, Afuso H, Kiyuna S, Shiroma K, Miyara T, Itokazu M, Naka T, Naka S, Yamaguchi E, Uechi Y, Kowatari T, Yamada H, Yoshi S, Sunagawa H, Tozawa M, Uechi M, Adaniya M, Afuso H, Uehara H, Miyazato H, Sakuda C, Taminato T, Uchima H, Nakasone Y, Funakoshi T, Nakazato M, Nagata N, Miyazato S, Katsuren H, Miyagi T, Hirano H, Iwashiro K, Sunagawa T, Yoshida H, Oshiro Y, Shimabukuro T, Oura T, Henzan H, Kyan I, Maeshiro S, Wake T, Tagawa S, Inoue T, Tokashiki T, Ishii H, Miyagi S, Takishita S, Saito S, Shimizu K, Ohya Y, Barzi F. Effects of angiotensin receptor blockade (ARB) on mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with long-term haemodialysis: a randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:1579-89. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Walter PB, Porter J, Evans P, Kwiatkowski JL, Neufeld EJ, Coates T, Giardina PJ, Grady RW, Vichinsky E, Olivieri N, Trachtenberg F, Alberti D, Fung E, Ames B, Higa A, Harmatz P. Increased leucocyte apoptosis in transfused β-thalassaemia patients. Br J Haematol 2012; 160:399-403. [PMID: 23216540 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This exploratory study assessed apoptosis in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) from β-thalassaemia patients receiving chronic transfusions and chelation therapy (deferasirox or deferoxamine) at baseline, 1, 6, and 12 months. At baseline, thalassaemic PBLs presented 50% greater levels of Bax (BAX), 75% higher caspase-3/7, 48% higher caspase-8 and 88% higher caspase-9 activities and 428% more nucleosomal DNA fragmentation than control subjects. Only neutrophils correlated significantly with apoptotic markers. Previously, we showed that over the treatment year, hepatic iron declined; we now show that the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 (BCL2), (-27·3%/year), and caspase-9 activity (-13·3%/year) declined in both treatment groups, suggesting that chelation decreases body iron and indicators of PBL apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Walter
- Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
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Fung EB, Gariepy CA, Sawyer AJ, Higa A, Vichinsky EP. The effect of whole body vibration therapy on bone density in patients with thalassemia: a pilot study. Am J Hematol 2012; 87:E76-9. [PMID: 22886910 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen B Fung
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital & Research Center, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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Stookey JD, Hamer J, Espinoza G, Higa A, Ng V, Tinajero-Deck L, Havel PJ, King JC. Orange juice limits postprandial fat oxidation after breakfast in normal-weight adolescents and adults. Adv Nutr 2012; 3:629S-635S. [PMID: 22798004 PMCID: PMC3649737 DOI: 10.3945/an.112.001990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric beverages may promote weight gain by simultaneously increasing total energy intake and limiting fat oxidation. During moderate intensity exercise, caloric beverage intake depresses fat oxidation by 25% or more. This randomized crossover study describes the impact of having a caloric beverage with a typical meal on fat oxidation under resting conditions. On 2 separate days, healthy normal-weight adolescents (n = 7) and adults (n = 10) consumed the same breakfast with either orange juice or drinking water and sat at rest for 3 h after breakfast. The meal paired with orange juice was 882 kJ (210 kcal) higher than the meal paired with drinking water. Both meals contained the same amount of fat (12 g). For both age groups, both meals resulted in a net positive energy balance 150 min after breakfast. Resting fat oxidation 150 min after breakfast was significantly lower after breakfast with orange juice, however. The results suggest that, independent of a state of energy excess, when individuals have a caloric beverage instead of drinking water with a meal, they are less likely to oxidize the amount of fat consumed in the meal before their next meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Dunmeyer Stookey
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Children's Hospital and Research Center, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Lydia Tinajero-Deck
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children’s Hospital and Research Center, Oakland, CA; and
| | - Peter J. Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine,Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
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Stookey J, Hamer J, Espinoza G, Higa A, Ng V, Tinajero-Deck L, Havel P, King J. Having orange juice instead of drinking water with breakfast limits postprandial fat oxidation after breakfast in normal weight adolescents and adults. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.258.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Havel
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of NutritionUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA
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Stookey J, Klein A, Hamer J, Chi C, Higa A, Ng V, Kuypers F, Lang F. Changes in cell hydration and amino acid efflux related to chronically higher water intake in healthy young men. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.646.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Canziani MEF, Tomiyama C, Higa A, Draibe SA, Carvalho AB. Fibroblast growth factor 23 in chronic kidney disease: bridging the gap between bone mineral metabolism and left ventricular hypertrophy. Blood Purif 2010; 31:26-32. [PMID: 21135546 DOI: 10.1159/000321368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a major cardiovascular complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. For a successful management of LVH, the comprehensive understanding of the classical and the new emerging factors associated with LVH is of paramount importance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical correlates of bone mineral metabolism with the occurrence of LVH in nondialyzed CKD patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 96 patients with stages 2-4 CKD. Demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, laboratory tests and transthoracic echocardiogram were performed. RESULTS LVH was observed in 36% of the patients. Patients with LVH were older, had a higher prevalence of hypertension, and higher levels of intact parathormone, fibroblast growth factor 23 and C-reactive protein. Serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and vitamin D were not associated with the presence of LVH. In the multiple logistic regression analyses only FGF23 remained as a variable independently associated with LVH. CONCLUSION We confirmed the high prevalence of LVH in nondialyzed CKD patients and showed that FGF23, an early marker of phosphorus load, was an important factor associated with LVH in these patients. Monitoring of FGF23 could be important for the management of LVH in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E F Canziani
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Singer ST, Sweeters N, Vega O, Higa A, Vichinsky E, Cedars M. Fertility potential in thalassemia major women: current findings and future diagnostic tools. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1202:226-30. [PMID: 20712797 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Preserving fertility, preventing early menopause, and predicting reproductive ability have become crucial for many adult thalassemia major females. Luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) and estradiol, commonly used for assessment of fertility potential in thalassemia, have a poor predictive value. Current reproductive practice uses markers of ovarian reserve testing, which were not yet studied in thalassemia women. We explored the relationship between liver iron concentration (LIC) and fertility status in 26 females (mean 30 years old). Seventeen (65%) of them experienced primary or secondary amenorrhea. Levels of LH/FSH and estradiol were low or undetectable in 48% and 35% of patients, respectively and did not correlate with age, presence of amenorrhea, and LIC. This further addresses the need for utilization of current available methods for assessment of fertility capacity in thalassemia, which will also allow future correlation with pituitary iron measures by MRI as well as early intervention for fertility preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia T Singer
- Hematology/Oncology Department, Children's Hospital and Research Center at Oakland, California, USA
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Abstract
We assessed the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a hospital-based screening program in Okinawa, Japan. The significance of metabolic syndrome as a determinant of CKD was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 6980 participants, aged 30-79 years, participated in a screening program in Tomishiro Chuo Hospital. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). Data were also analyzed according to the modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) that defines abdominal obesity as a waist circumference of > oe =85 cm in men and > or =90 cm in women. CKD was defined as dipstick proteinuria (> or =1+) or a reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR). GFR was estimated using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and CKD was 12.8 and 13.7%, respectively. Metabolic syndrome was a significant determinant of CKD (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.537 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.277-1.850, P<0.0001). The adjusted OR (95% CI) was 1.770 (1.215-2.579, P=0.0029) for those with four metabolic syndrome risk factors compared to those with no metabolic syndrome risk factors. Metabolic syndrome was a significant determinant for younger participants (<60 years; OR 1.686, 95% CI 1.348-2.107, P<0.0001), but not for older participants (> or =60 years; OR 1.254, 95% CI 0.906-1.735, NS). The relationship between the number of metabolic syndrome risk factors and the prevalence of CKD was linear using the modified criteria. The results suggest that metabolic syndrome is a significant determinant of CKD in men under 60 years of age, in Okinawa, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Tomishiro Chuo Hospital and Dialysis Unit, University Hospital of The Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Sousa MG, Higa A, Gerardi DG, Ferreira LS, Teshima E, Carareto R, Tinucci-Costa M, Carvalho T. Síndrome do cão tremedor em um Pinscher. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.11606/issn.2318-3659.v40isupl.p203-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
O artigo não apresenta resumo.
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Higa A, Hingst-Zaher E, Vivo M. Size and shape variability in the skull of Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea: Pontoporiidae) from the Brazilian coast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.5597/lajam00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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De Marco F, Higa A, Silva R, Pestana J, Santos O. Crit Care 2002; 6:P208. [DOI: 10.1186/cc1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
The relationship between active oxygen radicals and peroxidase induction on disease resistance in rice blades was investigated. Nitric oxide was produced in the whole blade stimulated by blast fungus elicitor. The induction of peroxidase activity was detected in active oxygen radical-treated rice blades 1 hour after treatment and thereafter. These results suggest that active oxygen radicals produced by stimulation with the elicitor could trigger peroxidase induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Higa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Suzuki K, Ueda T, Ueda T, Yamamoto Y, Chida M, Matsuishi M, Kan K, Higa A, Armstrong D, Yasuhara H, Koide R. Effect of Antioxidants on Radical-initiated Peroxidation of Retinal Homogenate. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2001; 45:111-112. [PMID: 11341893 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-5155(00)00319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effect of antioxidants on radical-initiated peroxidation of retinal homogenate.Methods: Lipid peroxides in bovine retinal homogenate were induced by 5 mM FeNO(3) (Fe), 25 mM 2, 2'-azobis(2, 4'-dimethylvaleronitrile) (lipid-soluble, AMVN) or 50 mM 2, 2'-azobis (2-amidinoprpane) dihydrochloride (water-soluble, AAPH) and the preventive effects of antioxidants were measured. Phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PC-OOH) was analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the endpoint biomarker.Results and Conclusion: Troglitazone, an oral hypoglycemic agent, inhibited PC-OOH production by Fe and AMVN. Therefore, it may be effective for protecting against oxidative stress on the inner surface plasma membranes and subcellular organelle. Quercetin has radical scavenging effects on both sides of the membrane, because it prevents PC-OOH production by AMVN or AAPH. These results demonstrate the usefulness of an in vitro screening test that can accurately and rapidly determine the capacity of an antioxidant against lipid peroxidation or oxidative stress. (Jpn Ophthalmol Soc 104:466-70, 2000)
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Showa University School of Medicine, Showa, Japan
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Suzuki K, Ueda T, Ueda T, Yamamoto Y, Chida M, Matsuishi M, Kan K, Higa A, Armstrong D, Yasuhara H, Koide R. [Effect of antioxidants on radical-initiated peroxidation of retinal homogenate]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 2000; 104:466-70. [PMID: 10934863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effect of antioxidants on radical-initiated peroxidation of retinal homogenate. METHODS Lipid peroxides in bovine retinal homogenate were induced by 5 mM FeNO3 (Fe), 25 mM 2, 2'-azobis(2,4'-dimethylvaleronitrile) (lipid-soluble, AMVN) or 50 mM 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinoprpane) dihydrochloride (water-soluble, AAPH) and the preventive effects of antioxidants were measured. Phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PC-OOH) was analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the endpoint biomarker. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Troglitazone, an oral hypoglycemic agent, inhibited PC-OOH production by Fe and AMVN. Therefore, it may be effective for protecting against oxidative stress on the inner surface plasma membranes and subcellular organelle. Quercetin has radical scavenging effects on both sides of the membrane, because it prevents PC-OOH production by AMVN or AAPH. These results demonstrate the usefulness of an in vitro screening test that can accurately and rapidly determine the capacity of an antioxidant against lipid peroxidation or oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tatematsu M, Higa A, Sunagawa H, Ikehara O, Shiohira Y. Dialysis for a patient who had congenital deficiency of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor. Clin Nephrol 1998; 49:335-6. [PMID: 9617504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, since prominent neutrophil infiltration has been observed in the inflamed colonic mucosa of patients with IBD. However, the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of IBD and experimental colitis remains equivocal. The aim of the present study is to clarify the possible role of neutrophils in the progression of acetic acid-induced colitis in mice. METHODS Using neutropenic mice treated with cyclophosphamide or with an LTB4 receptor antagonist, ONO-4057, the relationship between the severity of macroscopic colonic damage, the extent of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities in the colonic tissues, and the number of neutrophils in the blood were examined after induction of colitis in mice. RESULTS Changes of MPO activity in the colonic tissues paralleled well with the severity of the mucosal damage. In spite of a significant reduction in the number of neutrophils in the blood in cyclophosphamide-treated mice, neither the severity of mucosal damage in the colon nor the increase in MPO activities in the colonic tissues was affected 24 h after induction of colitis. Treatment with ONO-4057 significantly suppressed both the severity of mucosal damage in the colon and MPO activities in the colonic tissues in acetic acid-induced colitis in mice. CONCLUSIONS The present results, obtained using treatment with cyclophosphamide and ONO-4057, show that the severity or the progression of acetic acid-induced colitis in mice was not influenced by a reduction of circulating neutrophils to about 25% of base line.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Higa
- First Dept. of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells are widely distributed in the gastrointestinal mucosa. However, their role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease remains unsettled. The aim of the present study is to clarify the relative importance of mast cells in the progression of acetic acid-induced colitis in mice. METHODS Mast cell-deficient W/Wv and their normal littermate +/+ mice were given intrarectal administration of 5% acetic acid. The severity of colonic damage, the number of mast cells, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities in the colonic tissues were examined. RESULTS The severity of colonic damage was comparable between W/Wv and +/+ mice. In both groups of animals kinetic changes of the severity of the mucosal damage agreed well with that of MPO activities in the colonic mucosa. Pretreatment with a mast cell stabilizer, ketotifen, did not affect the severity of colitis in +/+ mice. CONCLUSIONS These results discount, but do not disprove, the role of mast cells in the progression of acetic acid-induced colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Higa
- Miyazaki Kohnan Hospital, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan
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23
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Tomita M, Itoh H, Ishikawa N, Higa A, Ide H, Murakumo Y, Maruyama H, Koga Y, Nawa Y. Molecular cloning of mouse intestinal trefoil factor and its expression during goblet cell changes. Biochem J 1995; 311 ( Pt 1):293-7. [PMID: 7575467 PMCID: PMC1136151 DOI: 10.1042/bj3110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding mouse intestinal trefoil factor (mITF) was successfully cloned and sequenced from the small intestine of C57BL/6 mouse by using the combination of reverse transcription-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods. The gene was, similar to rat and human ITFs, mainly expressed in the small and large intestine. The mITF expression was up-regulated during the recovery phase after depletion of goblet cells in acetic acid-induced colitis. On the other hand, the expression in the jejunum was not altered, while goblet cell hyperplasia was induced by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. These results suggest that the mITF expression did not simply correlate with the number of goblet cells. The mITF may play an important role in the maintenance and repair of mucosal function of the rectum. Additionally, the mITF in the jejunum may play a role in alteration of the physicochemical nature of goblet cell mucins, thereby affecting the establishment of intestinal helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tomita
- Department of Parasitology, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan
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24
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Abstract
Intestinal epithelial permeability can be modulated by the immune system and can be greatly increased by transepithelial migration of neutrophils. Since immunosuppressants have been reported to inhibit the ability of neutrophils to migrate, we assessed the effects of two immunosuppressants on epithelial permeability and granulocyte infiltration in a model of acute colitis. Epithelial permeability was measured at 3 and 6 h after induction of colitis in the rabbit by intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. At these times, blood-to-lumen leakage of 51Cr-EDTA was elevated by approximately 8- and 18-fold, respectively, above levels observed in healthy controls. Pretreatment with either of the immunosuppressants (cyclosporin A and L-683,590) significantly reduced the changes in 51Cr-EDTA leakage observed at the latter time point. These drugs also significantly attenuated granulocyte infiltration of the colon after induction of colitis, as measured by tissue myeloperoxidase activity. Unlike the immunosuppressants, misoprostol, a prostaglandin analogue, attenuated the increases in colonic permeability but had no effect on granulocyte infiltration in this model. These results demonstrate that two structurally unrelated immunosuppressants are capable of markedly reducing neutrophil infiltration and the colonic permeability changes observed in an experimental model of acute colitis, although the mechanisms through which these effects are produced remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Higa
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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25
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Wallace JL, Higa A, McKnight GW, MacIntyre DE. Prevention and reversal of experimental colitis by a monoclonal antibody which inhibits leukocyte adherence. Inflammation 1992; 16:343-54. [PMID: 1326482 DOI: 10.1007/bf00917626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of acute colitis was investigated using a rabbit model. Colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in 30% ethanol. Myeloperoxidase activity was measured at various times after induction of colitis as an index of neutrophil infiltration, and this was confirmed by histology. The permeability of the colonic epithelium to [51Cr]EDTA was also measured at various times after induction of colitis. The most marked increase in neutrophil infiltration of the colon occurred during the period 3-6 h after induction of colitis. This was also the period in which the greatest increase in colonic permeability was observed. Pretreatment with a monoclonal antibody (IB-4) directed against the leukocyte adhesion molecule, CD18, markedly suppressed neutrophil infiltration into the colonic tissue after induction of colitis. This pretreatment also significantly reduced the extent of epithelial injury. Administration of IB-4 to rabbits 12 h after induction of colitis resulted in a rapid decline in tissue myeloperoxidase activity. When measured 12 h after IB-4 administration (3 mg/kg), colonic myeloperoxidase activity was reduced by about 80% compared to the control group treated with the vehicle. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that neutrophils contribute significantly to the epithelial dysfunction that characterizes colitis and suggest that antibodies directed against adhesion molecules may represent a novel approach to the treatment of intestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wallace
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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26
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Tajima T, Negishi S, Kondo Y, Nishimura S, Higa A, Hagiwara N, Niimi R, Kawashima S, Abe T. [Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on meropenem in children]. Jpn J Antibiot 1992; 45:826-32. [PMID: 1522674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies on meropenem (MEPM) were performed in children. The results are summarized as follows: 1. A total of 16 patients was treated with MEPM. Each dose was 20 mg/kg, and administration was made 3 times daily using 30-minute intravenous drip infusion for 5-28 days. Clinical efficacies of MEPM in 16 patients with bacterial infections (1 with purulent meningitis, 1 with suspected subdural abscess, 2 with suspected sepsis, 4 with pneumonia, 1 with acute maxillar sinusitis, 2 with cervical abscess, 1 with acute gastroenteritis, 2 with skin soft tissue infection and 2 with urinary tract infection) were evaluated as excellent in 7 patients, good in 8 patients and fair in 1 patient with an efficacy rate of 93.8%. Fourteen causative organisms found in 11 patients (Streptococcus pneumoniae in 4, Branhamella catarrhalis in 3, Staphylococcus aureus in 3, Group B Streptococcus in 1, Escherichia coli in 3) were all eradicated. No adverse reactions were observed in any of the 16 patients. 2. MICs of MEPM against 6 clinically isolated bacteria (B. catarrhalis 2, S. pneumoniae 3 and S. aureus 1) from children with bacterial infections were examined. MEPM showed good antibacterial activities. 3. Pharmacokinetic studies: Peak plasma concentrations of MEPM averaged 43.07 micrograms/ml (37.20-46.30 micrograms/ml) at dose of 20 mg/kg administered by 30-minute drip infusion. In the first 8 hours after administration, the urinary excretion rates of MEPM averaged 39.9% of the administered dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tajima
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University
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27
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Tajima T, Nishimura S, Higa A, Kondo Y, Negishi S, Hata M, Abe T, Fujii R. [Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological, and clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in children]. Jpn J Antibiot 1992; 45:293-300. [PMID: 1512926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies were performed on panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP) in children. The results are summarized as follow: 1. Twelve patients with various bacterial infectious diseases were treated with PAPM/BP. Each dose was 20 mg/20 mg/kg, administered 3 times daily, in 30-minute intravenous drip infusion. Treatments were continued for 5-22 days. Clinical efficacies of PAPM/BP in 12 patients with bacterial infections (1 with suspected sepsis, 5 with pneumonia, 1 with acute maxillary sinusitis, 2 with acute otitis media, 1 with cervical abscess and 2 with urinary tract infection complexed type) were evaluated as excellent in 7, good in 4 and fair in 1, with an efficacy rate of 91.7%. Seventeen causative organisms found in 10 patients (Haemophilus influenzae in 4, Branhamella catarrhalis in 3, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 2, Staphylococcus aureus in 1, alpha-Streptococcus in 1, Corynebacterium sp. in 1, Peptostreptococcus micros in 1 and Klebsiella pneumoniae in 2) were eradicated except 2 strains (S. aureus and P. aeruginosa) from 1 patient (patient No. 2). No adverse reactions were observed in any of the 12 patients. 2. MICs of PAPM were examined against 22 clinical isolates (H. influenzae 5, B. catarrhalis 3, alpha-Streptococcus 3, S. pneumoniae 2, Corynebacterium sp. 2, S. aureus 1, P. aeruginosa 1, P. micros 1, Enterobacter cloacae 1, Escherichia coli 1, Group D Streptococcus 1 and Staphylococcus epidermidis 1) from children with bacterial infections. PAPM showed a good antibacterial activity comparable to the activity of cefoperazone (CPZ) against S. pneumoniae strains relatively tolerant to penicillins. However, the activity of PAPM against H. influenzae was somewhat weaker than that of CPZ. 3. Pharmacokinetic studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tajima
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University
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28
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Abstract
Two types of bacteriocins were shown to be produced in succession by a strain of Clostridium perfringens SN-17. They were separated by diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE) column chromatography at pH 8.5 with a linear concentration gradient of NaCl. One type of bacteriocin (named SN-a) was eluted at 0.07 M and the other type (named SN-b) was at 0.12 M. Each of these was partially purified in a series of column chromatographies: DEAE, Sephadex G-200 (or Bio Gel P-150), and hydroxyapatite. Specific activities of SN-a and SN-b after the last chromatography were at most 30- to 50-fold that of culture filtrate of the organisms. Chromatographed SN-a migrated as a single zone in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and the zone showed high biological activity. On the other hand, PAGE pattern of SN-b revealed the presence of a few contamination materials. The activity of SN-b after the last chromatography was hardly recovered from the gel but inactivated SN-b was identified in the gel by examining bacteriocin activity of the DEAE fractions recovered from the gel. The molecular weight of the SN-a and SN-b was determined to be about 70,000 and 100,000, respectively, by molecular sieve chromatography. These bacteriocins were very sensitive to protease but insensitive to DNase and RNase. Bacteriocins were both completely inactivated at 55 C and they were more stable in alkaline pH than in acidic pH. SN-a and SN-b were adsorbed in different ways on the surface of the producer and insensitive strains. Several differences and similarities between these 2 bacteriocins are discussed with special reference to the relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Higa
- College of Medical Technology and Nursing, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki
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29
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Higa A, Yoshida T, Tanaka K, Abe T, Nawa Y. Natural resistance of W/Wv mice to ethanol-induced gastric lesions and its abrogation by bone marrow grafting: possible role of mast cells and LTC4. Gastroenterol Jpn 1991; 26:277-82. [PMID: 1889687 DOI: 10.1007/bf02781914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The extent of ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions, gastric leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels, and the number of gastric mucosal mast cells were examined in mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice, normal litter-mate +/+ mice, and bone marrow-reconstituted W/Wv mice. After administration of ethanol, +/+ mice developed gastric lesions and elevation of gastric LTC4 levels in a dose dependent manner. In mast cell-deficient W/Wv mice, the extent of gastric lesions was far less than that of +/+ mice and the level of gastric LTC4 was not significantly altered. This difference was not due to anemia because blood-transfused non-anemic W/Wv mice were still resistant to ethanol-induced gastric lesions. When W/Wv mice were reconstituted with +/+ bone marrow cells, their natural resistance against ethanol-induced gastric lesions was abrogated. The extent of gastric lesions of bone marrow-reconstituted W/Wv mice paralleled with the increase in number of gastric mucosal mast cells and also with the level of gastric LTC4. Furthermore, ethanol-induced gastric lesions in bone marrow-reconstituted W/Wv mice was inhibited by pretreatment with 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA-861, in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that LTC4 may, even if it is not a prerequisite factor for ethanol induced acute gastric lesions, act as the amplitier in the sequential events of the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Higa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan
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30
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Maruyama H, Higa A, Asami M, Owhashi M, Nawa Y. Hepatic eosinophilopoiesis from multipotent hemopoietic stem cells in Toxocara canis-infected mice. Exp Hematol 1991; 19:77-80. [PMID: 1991497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Extramedullary hemopoiesis, recognized as hemopoietic foci, increased in the livers of Toxocara canis-infected mice. At the peak of the response (day-13 after infection), the majority of hepatic hemopoietic foci were of the eosinophil lineage. Hepatic nonparenchymal cells prepared from T. canis-infected mice on day 13 contained large numbers of hemopoietic stem cells, more than half of which were cycling. When W/Wv mice, which are genetically deficient in multipotent hemopoietic stem cells, were infected with T. canis, hepatic hemopoietic foci were rare throughout the course of infection. This impaired response of W/Wv mice was restored by bone marrow grafting from normal +/+ littermates. These results indicate that, in response to the increased demand, eosinophils are generated in the liver by the differentiation from multipotent stem cells, not only from the committed precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Maruyama
- Department of Parasitology, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan
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31
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Higa A, Abe T, Yoshida T, Tanaka K, Nawa Y. The possible role of LTC4 in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice and their prevention by 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor AA-861, and leukotriene receptor antagonist FPL-55712. Gastroenterol Jpn 1991; 26:1-6. [PMID: 1901044 DOI: 10.1007/bf02779501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The extent of acute gastric lesions produced by intragastric administration of ethanol in mice paralleled gastric leukotriene (LT) C4 levels. Furthermore, an inverse dose-response relationship was observed between the extent of gastric lesions and the number of mast cells in the gastric mucosa. When mice were pretreated with the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA-861, both the extent of ethanol-induced gastric lesions and the level of gastric LTC4 decreased dose-dependently. In contrast, when mice were pretreated with the LTC4 receptor antagonist, FPL-55712, the extent of ethanol-induced gastric lesions was depressed without significant reduction of gastric LTC4 level. These results indicate that both production of LTC4 and also subsequent binding of LTC4 to the receptors is important for the pathogenesis of gastric lesions and suggest that mast cell-derived LTC4 plays a major role in the development of ethanol-induced gastric lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Higa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan
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32
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Maruyama H, Higa A, Asami M, Owhashi M, Nawa Y. Extramedullary eosinophilopoiesis in the liver of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice, with reference to hemopoietic stem cells. Parasitol Res 1990; 76:461-5. [PMID: 2116621 DOI: 10.1007/bf00931050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Extramedullary hemopoiesis recognized as hemopoietic foci increased in the liver of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice in parallel with kinetic changes in periovular granuloma formation. At the peak of the response, about 65% of the hepatic hemopoietic foci were of eosinophil lineage. When S. japonicum-infected mice were irradiated, hepatic hemopoietic foci rapidly disappeared within 3 days, whereas inflammatory cells in the periovular granulomas slowly reduced in number. When the number of hemopoietic stem cells in the liver were examined by spleen-colony assay, kinetic changes in the number of hemopoietic stem cells in hepatic nonparenchymal cells paralleled those of hepatic hemopoietic foci. Hemopoietic stem cells were rare in the granuloma cells. These results indicate that in response to the increased demand for eosinophils and other inflammatory cells, the liver acts as an extramedullary hemopoietic organ in which inflammatory cells are generated from hemopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Maruyama
- Department of Parasitology, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan
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33
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Higa A, Maruyama H, Abe T, Owhashi M, Nawa Y. Effects of Toxocara canis infection on hemopoietic stem cells and hemopoietic factors in mice. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1990; 91:239-43. [PMID: 2354867 DOI: 10.1159/000235123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of Toxocara canis infection on hemopoietic stem cells and hemopoietic factors were examined in mice. Severe eosinophilia was observed with a peak 14 days after infection. When the numbers of hemopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow were examined by spleen colony assay (CFU-S), those in peripheral blood and spleen increased in parallel with peripheral blood eosinophilia. On the other hand, CFU-S in bone marrow did not alter significantly throughout the course of infection. Interleukin (IL)-3, which is known as multi-colony-stimulating factor and is involved in the growth/differentiation of various blood cells including stem cells, was produced by spleen cells of infected mice. The time course study showed that concanavalin A stimulated IL-3 production peaked on day 7 after infection, whereas that with excretory secretory antigen peaked on day 14. Even without stimulation, spleen cells obtained on day 21 after infection produced IL-3 spontaneously. IL-5, which is known to have eosinophil differentiation factor activity, was also produced by spleen cells obtained on day 13 after infection. These results suggest that in response to increased demand for eosinophils, hemopoietic stem cells migrate into various extramedullar hemopoietic organs where they grow/differentiate into mature eosinophils, depending on the hemopoietic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Higa
- Department of Parasitology, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan
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34
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Higa A, Abe T, Nawa Y, Itano T, Haraguchi Y, Tanaka K, Yoshida T. [The role leukotrienes and mast cells on acute gastric mucosal lesions]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 1989; 86:2480. [PMID: 2593313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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35
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Meguro H, Arimasu O, Hiruma F, Sugamata K, Sugie N, Higa A, Shinozaki T, Abe T, Fujii R. [Clinical evaluation of clarithromycin, a new macrolide antibiotic in children]. Jpn J Antibiot 1989; 42:255-62. [PMID: 2526241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new oral macrolide, clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), was evaluated for its safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics in 33 children. TE-031 was effective in all cases of mycoplasmal pneumonia, pneumococcal pneumonia, streptococcal pharyngitis, pertussis and Campylobacter gastroenteritis. The pharmacokinetic availability of TE-031 granule and tablets was much better than the older macrolides; serum half-lives of TE-031 averaged 3.2 +/- 0.25 hours (for the granule preparation). No clinical adverse reaction was encountered, but cases of transient mild elevation of the serum GPT (2 cases) and eosinophilia (2 cases) were encountered. From these preliminary data, TE-031 seems to have a place in the treatment of pediatric infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Meguro
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University
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36
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Fujii R, Meguro H, Arimasu O, Hiruma F, Sugamata K, Sugie N, Higa A, Shinozaki T, Abe T, Sunagawa K. [Bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on clarithromycin in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of Clarithromycin]. Jpn J Antibiot 1989; 42:512-41. [PMID: 2526259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Clarithromycin (TE-031, A-56268), a new macrolide antibiotic agent, was evaluated bacteriologically and clinically for its efficacy and safety in pediatrics by a study group organized with pediatricians from all over the country. A summary of the results of the evaluation is as follows. 1. Absorption and excretion Pharmacokinetics of TE-031 was examined by single oral administration of 10% granules and 50 mg tablets at doses of 1, 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg. There were no significant differences between 10% granules and 50 mg tablets, and between administrations before and after meal. Peaks and half-life periods of blood level of TE-031 given once at doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg (10% granules) before meal were 1.58, 4.37 and 3.79 micrograms/ml, and 2.53, 3.17 and 2.20 hours, respectively, and the urinary excretion in 6 hours after the administration were about 20-30%. 2. Antibacterial effects TE-031 was proved to have excellent antibacterial effect, i.e., inhibiting growth over 80% of strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes at 0.10 micrograms/ml, Branhamella catarrhalis at 0.39 micrograms/ml, and Campylobacter jejuni at 0.78 micrograms/ml. Against Staphylococcus aureus, TE-031 showed very similar activity spectrum to EM, and EM resistant strains were also resistant to TE-031. 3. Clinical results A total of 764 cases was studied. Clinical effects of TE-031 were evaluated in 717 cases out of the 764, excluding drop-outs and cases which did not meet specified protocols. Clinically, efficacies of TE-031 were "excellent" in 265 cases and "good" in 161 cases out of 453 cases of Group A in which causal agents were identified, with an efficacy rate of 94.0%, and out of 264 cases of Group B in which pathogens were not detected, clinical effects of TE-031 were "excellent" in 115 cases and "good" in 124 cases, with an efficacy rate of 90.5%. In terms of clinical effects of TE-031 classified by diseases when Group A and B were combined, efficacy rates were 91.6% for upper respiratory tract infection (217/237), 90.0% for bacterial pneumonia (108/120), 97.4% for Mycoplasma pneumonia (111/114), 100% for Chlamydia pneumonia (4/4), 85.0% for pertussis (34/40), 100% for scarlet fever (16/16), 83.9% for skin and soft tissue infection (26/31), and 98.9% for Campylobacter enteritis (87/88).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University, School of Medicine
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37
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Yoshida T, Higa A, Sakamoto H, Daimon Y, Ohashi T, Haraguchi Y, Tanaka K. Immunological and clinical effects of interferon-gamma on Crohn's disease. J Clin Lab Immunol 1988; 25:105-8. [PMID: 3135410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Five patients with Crohn's disease (CD) confined to the small intestine were studied to determine whether intravenous administration of interferon (IFN)-gamma to normalize immunological imbalance produces clinical improvement. A daily dose of 12 million IU of IFN-gamma was intravenously infused for four weeks. Laboratory data, immunological responses, clinical and radiologic findings were evaluated after administration. Laboratory data showed no significant change after treatment. Immunological studies also failed to demonstrate any significant change except for a significant increase of natural killer (NK) cell activity after IFN-gamma infusion. Clinical assessment by Crohn's disease activity index as well as radiologic findings disclosed no definite improvement. This study suggests that enhancement of NK cell activity or augmentation of immunological imbalance induced by IFN-gamma does not play an important role in the pathogenesis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan
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38
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Yoshida T, Haraguchi Y, Tanaka A, Higa A, Daimon Y, Mizuta Y, Tamaki M, Uehara Y, Tanaka K. A case of generalized juvenile gastrointestinal polyposis associated with gastric carcinoma. Endoscopy 1988; 20:33-5. [PMID: 2830104 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1018122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A case of generalized juvenile gastrointestinal polyposis associated with gastric adenocarcinoma is described. A 31-year-old male patient developed polyposis of the stomach complicated by gastric carcinoma and multiple polyps in the colon. Polyps of the stomach and colon were pathologically consistent with juvenile polyp, but adenomatous changes were also present in a very small percentage of the juvenile polyps. This case strongly suggests the possibility of carcinoma developing in patients with generalized juvenile gastrointestinal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan
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39
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Haraguchi Y, Sakamoto A, Higa A, Sakamoto H, Daimon Y, Yoshida T, Tanaka K. [Effect of GRP on gastric blood flow and tissue GRP in water immersed stress rats]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 1988; 85:1-5. [PMID: 3373763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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40
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Yoshida T, Ii T, Sakamoto H, Higa A, Daimon Y, Mizuta Y, Haraguchi Y, Fujimoto S, Tanaka K, Hoshi H. Technetium-99m serum albumin measurement of gastrointestinal protein loss in a subtotal gastrectomy patient with giant hypertrophic gastritis. Clin Nucl Med 1987; 12:773-6. [PMID: 3677518 DOI: 10.1097/00003072-198710000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal protein loss was measured using Tc-99m labeled human serum albumin in a patient with giant hypertrophic gastritis. Gastric secretion was aspirated via a nasogastric tube and measured for radioactivity after intravenous injection of Tc-99m albumin. Assessment of radioactivity of the collected gastric secretion yielded a total radiocount of 98.7 kilocounts per minute within 6 hours, which is equivalent to 1.1% of the total dose. Therefore, at least 1.1% of the circulating albumin was excreted into the gastric cavity within 6 hours, and, since simultaneous abdominal imaging did not demonstrate obvious accumulation of tracer in the gastrointestinal tract, protein loss was thought to be due to giant gastric rugae of the resected stomach. It was concluded that Tc-99m albumin is a valuable means for detection of the site of protein loss in patients with protein-losing gastroenteropathy. This method has several advantages in the clinical setting; it is less time consuming, easy to perform, and provides quantitative and qualitative assessment of protein loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshida
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, Japan
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Nakagawa S, Higa A, Kondoh H, Koiwaya Y, Tanaka K. Cyclic sinus node dysfunction in a patient with hyperthyroidism. Arch Intern Med 1985; 145:2126-7. [PMID: 4062469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In a 54-year-old woman with hyperthyroidism, episodic sinus node dysfunction (SND) recurred in a cyclic fashion. The SND occurred suddenly during normal sinus rhythm and progressed to marked sinus bradycardia; occasionally, sinus arrest developed with or without ventricular escape beats. A 1-mg dose of intravenous atropine sulfate suppressed the occurrence transiently. After a 200-mg dose of propylthiouracil and a 20-mg dose of prednisolone every six hours, the SND was completely abolished within 21 hours. It is probable that, together with a pathologic process induced by hyperthyroidism, the autonomic nervous system participated in our patient's episodic SND.
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Abstract
One hundred and eight strains of Clostridium perfringens were collected from polluted waters and tested for their drug resistance and bacteriocinogeny . Thirty of the strains were tetracycline resistant and 36 were bacteriocinogenic. Only one strain possessed both tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogen . Transfer experiments on tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogeny were carried out with several selected strains among these isolates. Both tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogeny were shown to be transferable by conjugation-like procedures. Transfer experiments on these two properties revealed that there were two types of recipient strains among the isolates in regard to the acceptance of tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogeny . In one type of the recipient strain, these two properties seemed to be incompatible although in the other, both tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogeny were transferred by two-step mating. Transcipients of this two-step mating retransferred their tetracycline resistance but not bacteriocinogeny to another recipient strain. The existence of an incompatibility-like relationship between tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogeny in one recipient strain, and the inability of these two properties to be co-transferred from the two-step transcipients , suggest a certain interrelationship between the factors responsible for tetracycline resistance and bacteriocinogeny .
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Abstract
1. Citrate synthase [citrate oxaloacetate-lyase (CoA-acetylating), EC 4.1.3.7] was purified about 400-fold from the extreme halophile, Halobacterium cutirubrum, by a method involving (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. 2. The purified enzyme was best activated by high concentrations of KCl (3M); the chlorides of other cations and K+ salts of other anions (Br-, NO3-, SCN-) were less effective than KCl as activators. The enzyme was best stabilized by high concentrations of NaCl or KCl. Cold-lability was found in the presence of 3M-KCl, but not in the presence of NaCl at concentrations up to 5M. The results suggest that both the shielding of negative charges on the enzyme molecule and the stabilization of hydrophobic bonds by high KCl concentrations were required for maximum activity of the enzyme. 3. The double-reciprocal plots for acetyl-CoA or oxaloacetate at several concentrations of the co-substrate intersected at the abscissa in the presence of either KCl or NaCl, at either 1 or 3M. The Km for oxaloacetate increased about fivefold with the salt concentration, from 1 to 3M.
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