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Comoli P, Cioni M, Ray B, Tagliamacco A, Innocente A, Caridi G, Bruschi M, Hariharan J, Fontana I, Trivelli A, Magnasco A, Nocco A, Klersy C, Muscianisi S, Ghiggeri GM, Cardillo M, Verrina E, Nocera A, Ginevri F. Anti-glutathione S-transferase theta 1 antibodies correlate with graft loss in non-sensitized pediatric kidney recipients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1035400. [DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1035400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionImmunity to Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) cannot explain all cases of ABMR, nor the differences observed in the outcome of kidney recipients with circulating DSAs endowed with similar biologic characteristics. Thus, increasing attention has recently been focused on the role of immunity to non-HLA antigenic targets.MethodsWe analyzed humoral auto- and alloimmune responses to the non-HLA antigen glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), along with development of de novo (dn)HLA-DSAs, in a cohort of 146 pediatric non-sensitized recipients of first kidney allograft, to analyze its role in ABMR and graft loss. A multiplex bead assay was employed to assess GSTT1 antibodies (Abs).ResultsWe observed development of GSTT1 Abs in 71 recipients after transplantation, 16 with MFI > 8031 (4th quartile: Q4 group). In univariate analyses, we found an association between Q4-GSTT1Abs and ABMR and graft loss, suggesting a potential role in inducing graft damage, as GSTT1 Abs were identified within ABMR biopsies of patients with graft function deterioration in the absence of concomitant intragraft HLA-DSAs. HLA-DSAs and GSTT1 Abs were independent predictors of graft loss in our cohort. As GSTT1 Ab development preceded or coincided with the appearance of dnHLA-DSAs, we tested and found that a model with the two combined parameters proved more fit to classify patients at risk of graft loss.DiscussionOur observations on the harmful effects of GSTT1Abs, alone or in combination with HLA-DSAs, add to the evidence pointing to a negative role of allo- and auto-non-HLA Abs on kidney graft outcome.
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Allinovi M, Trivioli G, DI Marcantonio E, Jawa N, Trivelli A, Subun C, Majib B, Rubik J, Mohammad A, Testa S, Jahnukainen T, Gulhan B, Topaloglu R, Puéchal X, Kosalka J, Dursun I, Dello Strologo L, Pasini A, Kost M, Oni L, Buti E, Moroni G, Ozen S, Laurent A, Marks S, Bettiol A, A. Saleem M, Ware N, Romagnani P, Marco Ghiggeri G, Noone D, Vaglio A. FC040: Kidney Transplantation in Childhood-Onset ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: Outcomes in a Multicentre Cohort. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac103.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is rare among children but leads to kidney failure (KF) in almost 30% of cases with renal involvement [1]. Kidney transplantation (KT) is the treatment of choice in adults with AAV and KF, while data among children are limited to small case series [2, 3]. We report the outcomes of KT in a multicentre cohort of patients with childhood-onset AAV.
METHOD
Patients with AAV diagnosed before the age of 18 years who had undergone KT were identified at one Canadian and 20 European centres. We analysed patient and graft survival and the rates of rejection, AAV relapse and infections. Eighteen patients from this cohort had already been reported in previous articles [1, 2]; their follow-up was extended and further relevant data were retrieved.
RESULTS
We included 55 patients, of whom 38 (69%) had microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and 17 (31%) granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Their median age at diagnosis and transplantation was, respectively, 12 (interquartile range, IQR 9–14) and 14 (IQR 12–16) years (Table 1). Living donor transplantation was performed in 20 cases (36%) and deceased donor transplantation in 35 (64%). At the time of transplantation, all patients were in clinical remission and ANCA was positive in 14/54 (26%). As immunosuppressive therapy, 46 patients (84%) received glucocorticoids, tacrolimus and either mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine.
The median follow-up after transplantation was 54 months (IQR 21–91). Acute rejection was reported in 22 patients (40%), 12 of whom experienced it during the first post-transplant year, while chronic rejection was established in two (4%). AAV relapsed in five cases (9%) and involved the graft in 4/5. Positive ANCA at transplantation was significantly associated with relapse (29% versus 2%; P = 0.02). Infections occurred in 34 patients (62%), and were mainly bacterial infections of the urinary tract or viral infections due to CMV (8/34), EBV (5/34) and BK virus (4/34). No patient developed malignancy. At last visit, all patients were alive and 48 (87%) had a functioning graft. Graft function impairment (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) developed in 21 patients and seven (13%) of these lost their graft due to acute (6/7) and chronic rejection (1/7). Outcomes and complication rates did not differ significantly between the MPA and the GPA group (Table 1). Graft function impairment was associated with rejection and positive ANCA at transplantation, but not with age at diagnosis and at transplantation, ANCA specificity, the type of donor or the immunosuppressive regimen (Figure. 1).
CONCLUSION
KT in childhood-onset AAV has a relatively good graft and patient survival, while the rate of complications and the risk of vasculitis relapse appear low. Positive ANCA at the time of transplantation may be a risk factor for both AAV relapse and graft function impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Allinovi
- Nephrology and Transplantation Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giorgio Trivioli
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Elio DI Marcantonio
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Nuovo San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Natasha Jawa
- Division of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antonella Trivelli
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chantida Subun
- Pediatric Nephrology, Evelina Children's Hospital London, London, UK
| | - Biplap Majib
- Bristol Children's Hospital, Children's Renal Unit, Bristol, UK
| | - Jacek Rubik
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Transplantation and Hypertension, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aladdin Mohammad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Testa
- Paediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Timo Jahnukainen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Transplantation, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bora Gulhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rezan Topaloglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Xavier Puéchal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Joanna Kosalka
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ismail Dursun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Andrea Pasini
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mikhail Kost
- Hospital Pediatry, Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St Petersburg, Russian
| | - Louise Oni
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Elisa Buti
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gabriella Moroni
- Nephrology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Seza Ozen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Audrey Laurent
- Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices civils de Lyon, Service de Néphrologie, Rhumatologie et Dermatologie Pédiatriques, Lyon, France
| | - Stephen Marks
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Bettiol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Moin A. Saleem
- Bristol Children's Hospital, Children's Renal Unit, Bristol, UK
| | - Nick Ware
- Pediatric Nephrology, Evelina Children's Hospital London, London, UK
| | - Paola Romagnani
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Damien Noone
- Division of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze, Italy
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3
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Cioni M, Comoli P, Tagliamacco A, Innocente A, Basso S, Fontana I, Magnasco A, Trivelli A, Nocco A, Macchiagodena M, Catenacci L, Klersy C, Verrina E, Garibotto G, Ghiggeri GM, Cardillo M, Ginevri F, Nocera A. Post-transplant de novo non donor-specific HLA antibodies are not associated with poor graft outcome in non-sensitized pediatric recipients of kidney transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2021; 65:101375. [PMID: 33610675 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2021.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
While de novo donor-specific HLA antibodies (dnDSAs) have a detrimental impact on kidney graft outcome, the clinical significance of de novo non donor-specific antibodies (dnNDSAs) is more controversial. We retrospectively evaluated for Ab development and characteristics of dnNDSAs serially collected post-transplant sera and, when available, graft biopsy eluates, from 144 non-sensitized, primary pediatric kidney recipients, consecutively transplanted at a single center between 2003 and 2017, using HLA class I and class II single-antigen flow-bead assays (SAB). The results were compared with clinical-pathologic data from HLA antibody negative and HLA dnDSA-positive patients. Forty-five out of 144 patients developed dnNDSAs (31%). Among the dnNDSA-positive patients, 86% displayed one or more class I/II antibodies recognizing antigens included in the CREG/shared epitope groups that also comprise the mismatched donor HLA antigens. Despite potential pathogenicity, as suggested by their occasional presence within the graft, dnNDSAs displayed significantly lower MFI, and limited complement binding and graft homing properties, when compared with dnDSAs. In parallel, the graft survival probability was significantly lower in patients with dnDSA than in those with dnNDSA or without HLA antibodies (p < 0.005). Indeed, the dnNDSA-positive patients remaining dnDSA-negative throughout the posttransplant period did not develop clinical antibody mediated rejection and graft loss, and maintained good graft function at a median follow-up of 9 years. The biological characteristics of dnNDSAs may account for the low graft damaging capability when compared to dnDSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cioni
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Cell Factory and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Augusto Tagliamacco
- Clinical Nephrology Unit and Transplant Coordination Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Innocente
- Transplantation Immunology, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Sabrina Basso
- Cell Factory and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Iris Fontana
- Vascular and Endovascular Unit and Kidney Transplant Surgery Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Magnasco
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonella Trivelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Angela Nocco
- Transplantation Immunology, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Macchiagodena
- Transplantation Immunology, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Cell Factory and Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Verrina
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garibotto
- Clinical Nephrology Unit, University of Genova and Policlinico San Martino Genova, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Cardillo
- Transplantation Immunology, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy; Italian National Transplant Centre, Italian National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ginevri
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
| | - Arcangelo Nocera
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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4
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Angeletti A, Trivelli A, Magnasco A, Drovandi S, Sanguineri F, Santaniello M, Ferrando G, Forno R, Cipresso G, Tripodi G, Riella LV, Cravedi P, Ghiggeri GM. Risk of COVID-19 in young kidney transplant recipients. Results from a single-center observational study. Clin Transplant 2020; 34:e13889. [PMID: 32396985 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeletti
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonella Trivelli
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Magnasco
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Drovandi
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS AziendaOspedalieraUniversitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanguineri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS AziendaOspedalieraUniversitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Santaniello
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferrando
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Forno
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa and IRCCS AziendaOspedalieraUniversitaria San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaia Cipresso
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gino Tripodi
- Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Section, Central Laboratory of Analyses, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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5
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Canepa A, Perfumo F, Carrea A, Menoni S, Trivelli A, Delucchi P, Gusmano R. Nutritional Status in Children Receiving Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089601601s108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD), widely used in uremic children, may have contrasting effects on the nutritional status of patients. Metabolic and nutritional abnormalities due to the combined effects of uremia per se, glucose absorption from the dialysate and catabolic factors, such as protein and amino acid losses into dialysate, poor appetite, and recurrent episodes of peritonitis are the most important. Although CPD allows for fewer dietary restrictions and supplies an extra amount of calories by glucose absorbed with the peritoneal fluid, when protein and energy intakes are assessed the protein intake was almost sufficient or more than that prescribed, whereas the energy intake was low. In CPD children the standard deviation score for weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness, and midarm circumference has been reported as more severely impaired in children less than ten years old. Anthropometric parameters did not worsen during CPD treatment. Plasma proteins and albumin are reported as being low in CPD children. The dietary intake and protein losses have been considered to be the most important determinants of the albumin level in CPD patients. The reported average dialysate losses of free amino acids (AA) during CPD in children vary from 0.02 to 0.03 g/kg/day in different studies. The patterns of plasma AA in CPD is represented by reduced levels of branched chain AA and of other essential amino acids and increased concentrations of some nonessential AA. Several factors may influence plasma AA profile: uremia per se, hormonal alterations, protein and AA losses, and dietary intake. A more specific uremic AA pattern is found in muscle, the largest pool of free AA in the body. Studies on muscle AA in adults on CPD are conflicting: some authors have reported several muscle AA alterations, but others have shown an almost normal pattern. Low valine and leucine muscle levels have been reported in children on CPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Canepa
- Servizio di Nefrologia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Alba Carrea
- Servizio di Nefrologia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Delucchi
- Servizio di Nefrologia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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Cioni M, Nocera A, Tagliamacco A, Basso S, Innocente A, Fontana I, Magnasco A, Trivelli A, Klersy C, Gurrado A, Ramondetta M, Boghen S, Catenacci L, Verrina E, Garibotto G, Ghiggeri GM, Cardillo M, Ginevri F, Comoli P. Failure to remove de novo donor-specific HLA antibodies is influenced by antibody properties and identifies kidney recipients with late antibody-mediated rejection destined to graft loss - a retrospective study. Transpl Int 2018; 32:38-48. [PMID: 30076765 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current research is focusing on identifying bioclinical parameters for risk stratification of renal allograft loss, largely due to antibody-mediated rejection (AMR). We retrospectively investigated graft outcome predictors in 24 unsensitized pediatric kidney recipients developing HLA de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSAs), and treated for late AMR with plasmapheresis + low-dose IVIG + Rituximab or high-dose IVIG + Rituximab. Renal function and DSA properties were assessed before and longitudinally post treatment. The estimated GFR (eGFR) decline after treatment was dependent on a negative % eGFR variation in the year preceding treatment (P = 0.021) but not on eGFR at treatment (P = 0.74). At a median follow-up of 36 months from AMR diagnosis, 10 patients lost their graft. Altered eGFR (P < 0.001) and presence of C3d-binding DSAs (P = 0.005) at treatment, and failure to remove DSAs (P = 0.01) were negatively associated with graft survival in the univariable analysis. Given the relevance of DSA removal for therapeutic success, we analyzed antibody properties dictating resistance to anti-humoral treatment. In the multivariable analysis, C3d-binding ability (P < 0.05), but not C1q-binding, and high mean fluorescence intensity (P < 0.05) were independent factors characterizing DSAs scarcely susceptible to removal. The poor prognosis of late AMR is related to deterioration of graft function prior to treatment and failure to remove C3d binding and/or high-MFI DSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Cioni
- Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Nocera
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Augusto Tagliamacco
- Clinical Nephrology Unit and Transplant Coordination Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Basso
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology & Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Innocente
- Transplantation Immunology, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Iris Fontana
- Vascular and Endovascular Unit and Kidney Transplant Surgery Unit, Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Magnasco
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonella Trivelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Biometry and Statistics Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Gurrado
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology & Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Miriam Ramondetta
- Transplantation Immunology, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Stella Boghen
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology & Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology & Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Verrina
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garibotto
- Clinical Nephrology Unit, University of Genova and Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Cardillo
- Transplantation Immunology, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ginevri
- Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology & Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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7
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Pasini A, Benetti E, Conti G, Ghio L, Lepore M, Massella L, Molino D, Peruzzi L, Emma F, Fede C, Trivelli A, Maringhini S, Materassi M, Messina G, Montini G, Murer L, Pecoraro C, Pennesi M. The Italian Society for Pediatric Nephrology (SINePe) consensus document on the management of nephrotic syndrome in children: Part I - Diagnosis and treatment of the first episode and the first relapse. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:41. [PMID: 28427453 PMCID: PMC5399429 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0356-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This consensus document is aimed at providing an updated, multidisciplinary overview on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric nephrotic syndrome (NS) at first presentation. It is the first consensus document of its kind to be produced by all the pediatric nephrology centres in Italy, in line with what is already present in other countries such as France, Germany and the USA. It is based on the current knowledge surrounding the symptomatic and steroid treatment of NS, with a view to providing the basis for a separate consensus document on the treatment of relapses. NS is one of the most common pediatric glomerular diseases, with an incidence of around 2-7 cases per 100000 children per year. Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment, but the optimal therapeutic regimen for managing childhood idiopathic NS is still under debate. In Italy, shared treatment guidelines were lacking and, consequently, the choice of steroid regimen was based on the clinical expertise of each individual unit. On the basis of the 2015 Cochrane systematic review, KDIGO Guidelines and more recent data from the literature, this working group, with the contribution of all the pediatric nephrology centres in Italy and on the behalf of the Italian Society of Pediatric Nephrology, has produced a shared steroid protocol that will be useful for National Health System hospitals and pediatricians. Investigations at initial presentation and the principal causes of NS to be screened are suggested. In the early phase of the disease, symptomatic treatment is also important as many severe complications can occur which are either directly related to the pathophysiology of the underlying NS or to the steroid treatment itself. To date, very few studies have been published on the prophylaxis and treatment of these early complications, while recommendations are either lacking or conflicting. This consensus provides indications for the prevention, early recognition and treatment of these complications (management of edema and hypovolemia, therapy and prophylaxis of infections and thromboembolic events). Finally, recommendations about the clinical definition of steroid resistance and its initial diagnostic management, as well as indications for renal biopsy are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pasini
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico Sant’Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Conti
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit with Dialysis, AOU G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Luciana Ghio
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Fondazione Ca’ Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Lepore
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Fondazione Ca’ Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Massella
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Pediatric Subspecialties Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Licia Peruzzi
- City of the Health and the Science of Turin Health Agency, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Emma
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Pediatric Subspecialties Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmelo Fede
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit with Dialysis, AOU G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Trivelli
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvio Maringhini
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Children’s Hospital ‘G. Di Cristina’, A.R.N.A.S. ‘Civico’, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Materassi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Nephrology Unit, Giovanni XXIII Children’s Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Montini
- Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Fondazione Ca’ Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Murer
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pennesi
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, Department of Pediatrics, Trieste, Italy
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8
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Vidal E, van Stralen KJ, Chesnaye NC, Bonthuis M, Holmberg C, Zurowska A, Trivelli A, Da Silva JEE, Herthelius M, Adams B, Bjerre A, Jankauskiene A, Miteva P, Emirova K, Bayazit AK, Mache CJ, Sánchez-Moreno A, Harambat J, Groothoff JW, Jager KJ, Schaefer F, Verrina E. Infants Requiring Maintenance Dialysis: Outcomes of Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 2016; 69:617-625. [PMID: 27955924 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of different dialysis modalities on clinical outcomes has not been explored in young infants with chronic kidney failure. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS Data were extracted from the ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry. This analysis included 1,063 infants 12 months or younger who initiated dialysis therapy in 1991 to 2013. FACTOR Type of dialysis modality. OUTCOMES & MEASUREMENTS Differences between infants treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) or hemodialysis (HD) in patient survival, technique survival, and access to kidney transplantation were examined using Cox regression analysis while adjusting for age at dialysis therapy initiation, sex, underlying kidney disease, and country of residence. RESULTS 917 infants initiated dialysis therapy on PD, and 146, on HD. Median age at dialysis therapy initiation was 4.5 (IQR, 0.7-7.9) months, and median body weight was 5.7 (IQR, 3.7-7.5) kg. Although the groups were homogeneous regarding age and sex, infants treated with PD more often had congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT; 48% vs 27%), whereas those on HD therapy more frequently had metabolic disorders (12% vs 4%). Risk factors for death were younger age at dialysis therapy initiation (HR per each 1-month later initiation, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90-0.97) and non-CAKUT cause of chronic kidney failure (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.08-2.04). Mortality risk and likelihood of transplantation were equal in PD and HD patients, whereas HD patients had a higher risk for changing dialysis treatment (adjusted HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.17-2.31). LIMITATIONS Inability to control for unmeasured confounders not included in the Registry database and missing data (ie, comorbid conditions). Low statistical power because of relatively small number of participants. CONCLUSIONS Despite a widespread preconception that HD should be reserved for cases in which PD is not feasible, in Europe, we found 1 in 8 infants in need of maintenance dialysis to be initiated on HD therapy. Patient characteristics at dialysis therapy initiation, prospective survival, and time to transplantation were very similar for infants initiated on PD or HD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Vidal
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Marjolein Bonthuis
- ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Christer Holmberg
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksandra Zurowska
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension for Children and Adolescents, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Maria Herthelius
- Karolinska Institutet-Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brigitte Adams
- Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anna Bjerre
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital-Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Polina Miteva
- University Hospital for Active Treatment of Pediatric Diseases, Sofia Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Khadizha Emirova
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aysun K Bayazit
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | | | - Jérôme Harambat
- Department of Pediatrics, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jaap W Groothoff
- Departmnent of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kitty J Jager
- ESPN/ERA-EDTA Registry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ERA-EDTA Registry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Heidelberg, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Comoli P, Cioni M, Tagliamacco A, Quartuccio G, Innocente A, Fontana I, Trivelli A, Magnasco A, Nocco A, Klersy C, Rubert L, Ramondetta M, Zecca M, Garibotto G, Ghiggeri GM, Cardillo M, Nocera A, Ginevri F. Acquisition of C3d-Binding Activity by De Novo Donor-Specific HLA Antibodies Correlates With Graft Loss in Nonsensitized Pediatric Kidney Recipients. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:2106-16. [PMID: 26725780 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alloantibody-mediated graft injury is a major cause of kidney dysfunction and loss. The complement-binding ability of de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSAs) has been suggested as a prognostic tool to stratify patients for clinical risk. In this study, we analyzed posttransplant kinetics of complement-fixing dnDSAs and their role in antibody-mediated rejection development and graft loss. A total of 114 pediatric nonsensitized recipients of first kidney allograft were periodically monitored for dnDSAs using flow bead assays, followed by C3d and C1q assay in case of positivity. Overall, 39 patients developed dnDSAs, which were C1q(+) and C3d(+) in 25 and nine patients, respectively. At follow-up, progressive acquisition over time of dnDSA C1q and C3d binding ability, within the same antigenic specificity, was observed, paralleled by an increase in mean fluorescence intensity that correlated with clinical outcome. C3d-fixing dnDSAs were better fit to stratify graft loss risk when the different dnDSA categories were evaluated in combined models because the 10-year graft survival probability was lower in patients with C3d-binding dnDSA than in those without dnDSAs or with C1q(+) /C3d(-) or non-complement-binding dnDSAs (40% vs. 94%, 100%, and 100%, respectively). Based on the kinetics profile, we favor dnDSA removal or modulation at first confirmed positivity, with treatment intensification guided by dnDSA biological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Cioni
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - A Tagliamacco
- Clinical Nephrology Unit and Transplant Immunology Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine - DIMI, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - G Quartuccio
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - A Innocente
- Transplantation Immunology, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - I Fontana
- Vascular and Endovascular Unit and Kidney Transplant Surgery Unit, University of Genova, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital IST, Genova, Italy
| | - A Trivelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - A Magnasco
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - A Nocco
- Transplantation Immunology, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - C Klersy
- Biometry and Statistics Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - L Rubert
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Ramondetta
- Transplantation Immunology, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - M Zecca
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - G Garibotto
- Clinical Nephrology Unit and Transplant Immunology Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine - DIMI, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - G M Ghiggeri
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - M Cardillo
- Transplantation Immunology, Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - A Nocera
- Clinical Nephrology Unit and Transplant Immunology Research Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine - DIMI, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - F Ginevri
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
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10
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Shroff R, Aitkenhead H, Costa N, Trivelli A, Litwin M, Picca S, Anarat A, Sallay P, Ozaltin F, Zurowska A, Jankauskiene A, Montini G, Charbit M, Schaefer F, Wühl E. Normal 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Are Associated with Less Proteinuria and Attenuate Renal Failure Progression in Children with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:314-22. [PMID: 26069294 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014090947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) for renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade are routinely used to slow CKD progression. However, vitamin D may also promote renoprotection by suppressing renin transcription through cross-talk between RAAS and vitamin D-fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23)-Klotho pathways. To determine whether vitamin D levels influence proteinuria and CKD progression in children, we performed a post hoc analysis of the Effect of Strict Blood Pressure Control and ACE Inhibition on Progression of CKD in Pediatric Patients (ESCAPE) cohort. In 167 children (median eGFR 51 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), FGF-23, and Klotho levels were measured at baseline and after a median 8 months on ACEi. Children with lower 25(OH)D levels had higher urinary protein/creatinine ratios at baseline (P=0.03) and at follow-up (P=0.006). Levels of 25(OH)D and serum vitamin D-binding protein were not associated, but 25(OH)D ≤50 nmol/L associated with higher diastolic BP (P=0.004). ACEi therapy also associated with increased Klotho levels (P<0.001). The annualized loss of eGFR was inversely associated with baseline 25(OH)D level (P<0.001, r=0.32). Five-year renal survival was 75% in patients with baseline 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L and 50% in those with lower 25(OH)D levels (P<0.001). This renoprotective effect remained significant but attenuated with ACEi therapy (P=0.05). Renal survival increased 8.2% per 10 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D (P=0.03), independent of eGFR; proteinuria, BP, and FGF-23 levels; and underlying renal diagnosis. In children with CKD, 25(OH)D ≥50 nmol/L was associated with greater preservation of renal function. This effect was present but attenuated with concomitant ACEi therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukshana Shroff
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom;
| | - Helen Aitkenhead
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nikola Costa
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Ali Anarat
- Cukurova University School of Medicine, Balcali, Adana, Turkey
| | - Peter Sallay
- Semmelweis University Budapest, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fatih Ozaltin
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aleksandra Zurowska
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Franz Schaefer
- Center for Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Wühl
- Center for Pediatric & Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Shroff R, Trivelli A, Litwin M, Picca S, Anarat A, Sallay P, Ozaltin F, Zurowska A, Jankauskiene A, Montini G, Charbit M, Schaefer F, Wühl E. FP282NORMAL 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D LEVELS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH LESS PROTEINURIA AND ATTENUATE RENAL FAILURE PROGRESSION IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv174.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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12
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Salvidio G, Garibotto G, Trivelli A, Moggia E, Villaggio B, Tizianello A. Short- and long-term effects of methylprednisolone pulses and oral cyclophosphamide in renal micropolyarteritis. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 94:144-50. [PMID: 1687273 DOI: 10.1159/000420622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Salvidio
- Istituto Scientifico di Medicina Interna, University of Genova, Italy
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13
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Ginevri F, Mutti A, Fabbretti G, Trivelli A, Bergamaschi E, Altieri P, Ghiggeri GM. Proteinuria and progression of chronic adriamycin nephropathy. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 101:220-6. [PMID: 8467678 DOI: 10.1159/000422135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Ginevri
- Department of Nephrology and Pathology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
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14
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Reyes-Bahamonde J, Raimann JG, Canaud B, Etter M, Kooman JP, Levin NW, Marcelli D, Marelli C, Power A, Van Der Sande FM, Thijssen S, Usvyat LA, Wang Y, Kotanko P, Blank PR, Szucs TD, Gibertoni D, Torroni S, Mandreoli M, Rucci P, Fantini MP, Santoro A, Van Der Veer SN, Nistor I, Bernaert P, Bolignano D, Brown EA, Covic A, Farrington K, Kooman J, Macias J, Mooney A, Van Munster BC, Van Den Noortgate N, Topinkova E, Wirnsberger G, Jager KJ, Van Biesen W, Stubnova V, Os I, Grundtvig M, Waldum B, Wu HY, Peng YS, Wu MS, Chu TS, Chien KL, Hung KY, Wu KD, Carrero JJ, Huang X, Sui X, Ruiz JR, Hirth V, Ortega FB, Blair SN, Coppolino G, Bolignano D, Rivoli L, Presta P, Mazza G, Fuiano G, Marx S, Petrilla A, Hengst N, Lee WC, Ruggajo P, Skrunes R, Svarstad E, Skjaerven R, Reisaether AV, Vikse BE, Fujii N, Hamano T, Akagi S, Watanabe T, Imai E, Nitta K, Akizawa T, Matsuo S, Makino H, Scalzotto E, Corradi V, Nalesso F, Zaglia T, Neri M, Martino F, Zanella M, Brendolan A, Mongillo M, Ronco C, Occelli F, Genin M, Deram A, Glowacki F, Cuny D, Mansurova I, Alchinbayev M, Malikh MA, Song S, Shin MJ, Rhee H, Yang BY, Kim I, Seong EY, Lee DW, Lee SB, Kwak IS, Isnard Bagnis C, Speyer E, Beauger D, Caille Y, Baudelot C, Mercier S, Jacquelinet C, Gentile SM, Briancon S, Yu TM, Li CY, Krivoshiev S, Borissova AM, Shinkov A, Svinarov D, Vlachov J, Koteva A, Dakovska L, Mihaylov G, Popov A, Polner K, Mucsi I, Braunitzer H, Kiss A, Nadasdi Z, Haris A, Zdrojewski L, Zdrojewski T, Rutkowski B, Minami S, Hesaka A, Yamaguchi S, Iwahashi E, Sakai S, Fujimoto T, Sasaki K, Fujita Y, Yokoyama K, Dey V, Farrah T, Traynor J, Spalding E, Robertson S, Geddes CC, Mann MC, Hobbs A, Hemmelgarn BR, Roberts D, Ahmed SB, Rabi D, Elewa U, Fernandez B, Alegre ER, Mahillo I, Egido J, Ortiz A, Marx S, Pomerantz D, Vietri J, Zewinger S, Speer T, Kleber ME, Scharnagl H, Woitas R, Pfahler K, Seiler S, Heine GH, Lepper PM, Marz W, Silbernagel G, Fliser D, Caldararu CD, Gliga ML, Tarta ID, Szanto A, Carlan O, Dogaru GA, Battaglia Y, Del Prete MA, De Gregorio MG, Errichiello C, Gisonni P, Russo L, Scognamiglio B, Storari A, Russo D, Kuma A, Serino R, Miyamoto T, Tamura M, Otsuji Y, Kung LF, Naito S, Iimori S, Okado T, Rai T, Uchida S, Sasaki S, Kang YU, Kim HY, Choi JS, Kim CS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW, Muthuppalaniappan VM, Byrne C, Sheaff M, Rajakariar R, Blunden M, Delmas Y, Loirat C, Muus P, Legendre C, Douglas K, Hourmant M, Herthelius M, Trivelli A, Goodship T, Bedrosian CL, Licht C, Marks A, Black C, Clark L, Prescott G, Robertson L, Simpson W, Simpson W, Fluck N, Wang SL, Hsu YH, Pai HC, Chang YM, Liu WH, Hsu CC, Shvetsov M, Nagaytseva S, Gerasimov A, Shalyagin Y, Ivanova E, Shilov E, Zhang Y, Zuo W, Marx S, Manthena S, Newmark J, Zdrojewski L, Rutkowski M, Zdrojewski T, Bandosz P, Gaciong Z, Solnica B, Rutkowski B, Wyrzykowski B, Ensergueix G, Karras A, Levi C, Chauvet S, Trivin C, Ficheux M, Augusto JF, Boudet R, Chambaraud T, Boudou-Rouquette P, Tubiana-Mathieu N, Aldigier JC, Jacquot C, Essig M, Thervet E, Oh YJ, Lee CS, Malho Guedes A, Silva AP, Goncalves C, Sampaio S, Morgado E, Santos V, Bernardo I, Leao Neves P, Onuigbo M, Agbasi N. CKD GENERAL AND CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 1. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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15
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Vidal E, Van Stralen KJ, Schaefer F, Adams B, Bjerre A, Dusunsel R, Emirova KM, Esteves Da Silva JE, Herthelius M, Holmberg C, Jankauskiene A, Mache CJ, Miteva P, Sanchez-Moreno A, Trivelli A, Zurowska A, Groothoff JW, Jager K, Verrina E, Basu B, Pandey R, Mondal N, Schaefer F, Melhem N, Shroff R, Samyn M, Van'T Hoff W. PAEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Tagliamacco A, Cioni M, Comoli P, Ramondetta M, Brambilla C, Trivelli A, Magnasco A, Biticchi R, Fontana I, Dulbecco P, Palombo D, Klersy C, Ghiggeri GM, Ginevri F, Cardillo M, Nocera A. DQ molecules are the principal stimulators ofde novodonor-specific antibodies in nonsensitized pediatric recipients receiving a first kidney transplant. Transpl Int 2014; 27:667-73. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Tagliamacco
- Transplant Immunology Research Laboratory at Clinical Nephrology and Gastroenterology Units; Department of Internal Medicine -DIMI; University of Genova; Genova Italy
| | - Michela Cioni
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit; G. Gaslini Institute; Genova Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - Miriam Ramondetta
- Transplantation Immunology; Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milano Italy
| | - Caterina Brambilla
- Transplantation Immunology; Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milano Italy
| | - Antonella Trivelli
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit; G. Gaslini Institute; Genova Italy
| | - Alberto Magnasco
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit; G. Gaslini Institute; Genova Italy
| | - Roberta Biticchi
- Transplant Immunology Research Laboratory at Clinical Nephrology and Gastroenterology Units; Department of Internal Medicine -DIMI; University of Genova; Genova Italy
| | - Iris Fontana
- Vascular and Endovascular Unit and Kidney Transplant Surgery Unit; University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino University Hospital IST; Genova Italy
| | - Pietro Dulbecco
- Gastroenterology Unit, DIMI; University of Genova; Genova Italy
| | - Domenico Palombo
- Vascular and Endovascular Unit and Kidney Transplant Surgery Unit; University of Genova; IRCCS San Martino University Hospital IST; Genova Italy
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Biometry and Statistics Service; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit; G. Gaslini Institute; Genova Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ginevri
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit; G. Gaslini Institute; Genova Italy
| | - Massimo Cardillo
- Transplantation Immunology; Fondazione Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milano Italy
| | - Arcangelo Nocera
- Transplant Immunology Research Laboratory at Clinical Nephrology and Gastroenterology Units; Department of Internal Medicine -DIMI; University of Genova; Genova Italy
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Legendre CM, Licht C, Muus P, Greenbaum LA, Babu S, Bedrosian C, Bingham C, Cohen DJ, Delmas Y, Douglas K, Eitner F, Feldkamp T, Fouque D, Furman RR, Gaber O, Herthelius M, Hourmant M, Karpman D, Lebranchu Y, Mariat C, Menne J, Moulin B, Nürnberger J, Ogawa M, Remuzzi G, Richard T, Sberro-Soussan R, Severino B, Sheerin NS, Trivelli A, Zimmerhackl LB, Goodship T, Loirat C. Terminal complement inhibitor eculizumab in atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:2169-81. [PMID: 23738544 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1208981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1017] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome is a genetic, life-threatening, chronic disease of complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy. Plasma exchange or infusion may transiently maintain normal levels of hematologic measures but does not treat the underlying systemic disease. METHODS We conducted two prospective phase 2 trials in which patients with atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome who were 12 years of age or older received eculizumab for 26 weeks and during long-term extension phases. Patients with low platelet counts and renal damage (in trial 1) and those with renal damage but no decrease in the platelet count of more than 25% for at least 8 weeks during plasma exchange or infusion (in trial 2) were recruited. The primary end points included a change in the platelet count (in trial 1) and thrombotic microangiopathy event-free status (no decrease in the platelet count of >25%, no plasma exchange or infusion, and no initiation of dialysis) (in trial 2). RESULTS A total of 37 patients (17 in trial 1 and 20 in trial 2) received eculizumab for a median of 64 and 62 weeks, respectively. Eculizumab resulted in increases in the platelet count; in trial 1, the mean increase in the count from baseline to week 26 was 73×10(9) per liter (P<0.001). In trial 2, 80% of the patients had thrombotic microangiopathy event-free status. Eculizumab was associated with significant improvement in all secondary end points, with continuous, time-dependent increases in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In trial 1, dialysis was discontinued in 4 of 5 patients. Earlier intervention with eculizumab was associated with significantly greater improvement in the estimated GFR. Eculizumab was also associated with improvement in health-related quality of life. No cumulative toxicity of therapy or serious infection-related adverse events, including meningococcal infections, were observed through the extension period. CONCLUSIONS Eculizumab inhibited complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy and was associated with significant time-dependent improvement in renal function in patients with atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome. (Funded by Alexion Pharmaceuticals; C08-002 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00844545 [adults] and NCT00844844 [adolescents]; C08-003 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00838513 [adults] and NCT00844428 [adolescents]).
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Legendre
- Université Paris Descartes and Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker, INSERM Unité 845, Paris, France.
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Legendre C, Cohen D, Delmas Y, Feldkamp T, Fouque D, Furman R, Gaber O, Greenbaum L, Goodship T, Haller H, Herthelius M, Hourmant M, Licht C, Moulin B, Sheerin N, Trivelli A, Bedrosian CL, Loirat C, Legendre C, Babu S, Cohen D, Delmas Y, Furman R, Gaber O, Greenbaum L, Hourmant M, Jungraithmayr T, Lebranchu Y, Riedl M, Sheerin N, Bedrosian CL, Loirat C, Sheerin N, Legendre C, Greenbaum L, Furman R, Cohen D, Gaber AO, Bedrosian C, Loirat C, Haller H, Licht C, Muus P, Legendre C, Douglas K, Hourmant M, Herthelius M, Trivelli A, Goodship T, Remuzzi G, Bedrosian C, Loirat C, Kourouklaris A, Ioannou K, Athanasiou I, Demetriou K, Panagidou A, Zavros M, Rodriguez C NY, Blasco M, Arcal C, Quintana LF, Rodriguez de Cordoba S, Campistol JM, Bachmann N, Eisenberger T, Decker C, Bolz HJ, Bergmann C, Pesce F, Cox SN, Serino G, De Palma G, Sallustio FP, Schena F, Falchi M, Pieri M, Stefanou C, Zaravinos A, Erguler K, Lapathitis G, Dweep H, Sticht C, Anastasiadou N, Zouvani I, Voskarides K, Gretz N, Deltas CC, Ruiz A, Bonny O, Sallustio F, Serino G, Curci C, Cox S, De Palma G, Schena F, Kemter E, Sklenak S, Aigner B, Wanke R, Kitzler TM, Moskowitz JL, Piret SE, Lhotta K, Tashman A, Velez E, Thakker RV, Kotanko P, Leierer J, Rudnicki M, Perco P, Koppelstaetter C, Mayer G, Sa MJN, Alves S, Storey H, Flinter F, Willems PJ, Carvalho F, Oliveira J, Arsali M, Papazachariou L, Demosthenous P, Lazarou A, Hadjigavriel M, Stavrou C, Yioukkas L, Voskarides K, Deltas C, Zavros M, Pierides A, Arsali M, Demosthenous P, Papazachariou L, Voskarides K, Kkolou M, Hadjigavriel M, Zavros M, Deltas C, Pierides A, Toka HR, Dibartolo S, Lanske B, Brown EM, Pollak MR, Familiari A, Zavan B, Sanna Cherchi S, Fabris A, Cristofaro R, Gambaro G, D'Angelo A, Anglani F, Toka H, Mount D, Pollak M, Curhan G, Sengoge G, Bajari T, Kupczok A, von Haeseler A, Schuster M, Pfaller W, Jennings P, Weltermann A, Blake S, Sunder-Plassmann G, Kerti A, Csohany R, Wagner L, Javorszky E, Maka E, Tulassay T, Tory K, Kingswood J, Nikolskaya N, Mbundi J, Kingswood J, Jozwiak S, Belousova E, Frost M, Kuperman R, Bebin M, Korf B, Flamini R, Kohrman M, Sparagana S, Wu J, Brechenmacher T, Stein K, Bissler J, Franz D, Kingswood J, Zonnenberg B, Frost M, Cheung W, Wang J, Brechenmacher T, Lam D, Bissler J, Budde K, Ivanitskiy L, Sowershaewa E, Krasnova T, Samokhodskaya L, Safarikova M, Jana R, Jitka S, Obeidova L, Kohoutova M, Tesar V, Evrengul H, Ertan P, Serdaroglu E, Yuksel S, Mir S, Yang n Ergon E, Berdeli A, Zawada A, Rogacev K, Rotter B, Winter P, Fliser D, Heine G, Bataille S, Moal V, Berland Y, Daniel L, Rosado C, Bueno E, Fraile P, Lucas C, Garcoa-Cosmes P, Tabernero JM, Gonzalez R, Rosado C, Bueno E, Fraile P, Lucas C, Garcia-Cosmes P, Tabernero JM, Gonzalez R, Silska-Dittmar M, Zaorska K, Malke A, Musielak A, Ostalska-Nowicka D, Zachwieja J, K d r V, Uz E, Yigit A, Altuntas A, Yigit B, Inal S, Uz E, Sezer M, Yilmaz R, Visciano B, Porto C, Acampora E, Russo R, Riccio E, Capuano I, Parenti G, Pisani A, Feriozzi S, Perrin A, West M, Nicholls K, Sunder-Plassmann G, Torras J, Cybulla M, Conti M, Angioi A, Floris M, Melis P, Asunis AM, Piras D, Pani A, Warnock D, Guasch A, Thomas C, Wanner C, Campbell R, Vujkovac B, Okur I, Biberoglu G, Ezgu F, Tumer L, Hasanoglu A, Bicik Z, Akin Y, Mumcuoglu M, Ecder T, Paliouras C, Mattas G, Papagiannis N, Ntetskas G, Lamprianou F, Karvouniaris N, Alivanis P. Genetic diseases and molecular genetics. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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El Sharkawy M, Elsaeed K, Kamel M, Aziz A, Del Pozo C, Balk A, Castello-Banyuls J, Navarro D, Pere B, Faura CC, Ballesta JJ, Rodig N, Vilalta R, Hernandez J, Camacho Diaz J, Lapeyraque AL, Sherwinter J, Gruppo R, Fremont O, Baudouin V, Langman C, Simonetti GD, Loirat C, Muus P, Legendre C, Douglas K, Hourmant M, Delmas Y, Herthelius M, Trivelli A, Goodship T, Bedrosian C, Licht C, Schlesinger N, Lin HY, De Meulemeester M, Rovensky J, Krammer G, Balfour A, So A, Carrero JJ, Sonmez A, Saglam M, Stenvinkel P, Yaman H, Quresi AR, Yenicesu M, Yilmaz MI, McQuarrie E, Freel M, Mark P, Patel R, Steedman T, Fraser R, Dargie H, Connell J, Jardine A, McQuarrie E, Freel M, Mark P, Fraser R, Connell J, Jardine A, Oh SW, Chin HJ, Na KY, Chae DW, Alfieri C, Vettoretti S, Cafforio C, Floreani R, Bonanomi C, Danzi G, Messa P, Whelton A, MacDonald P, Hunt B, Gunawardhana L, Rusu E, Voiculescu M, Zilisteanu D, Ecobici M, Arsenescu I, Ismail G, Macarie C, Chan D, Irish A, Watts G, Dogra G, Krueger T, Schlieper G, Cozzolino M, Eckardt KU, Jadoul M, Ketteler M, Leunissen K, Rump LC, Stenvinkel P, Wiecek A, Westenfeld R, Hilgers RD, Mahnken AH, Schurgers LJ, Floege J, Onuigbo M, Onuigbo N, Onuigbo M, Trevisani F, Sciarrone Alibrandi MT, Bertini R, Montorsi F, Delli Carpini S, Camerota TC, Antoniolli S, Citterio L, Querques M, Merlino L, Manunta P, Ebah L, Morgan J, Brenchley P, Mitra S, Krumme B, Boehler J, Mettang T, Strutz F, Georginova O, Rykova S, Gafarova M, Smyr K, Sokolova I, Krasnova T, Kozlovskaya L. Pathophysiology and clinical studies in CKD 1-5. Clin Kidney J 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/4.s2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Bertelli R, Trivelli A, Magnasco A, Cioni M, Bodria M, Carrea A, Montobbio G, Barbano G, Ghiggeri GM. Failure of regulation results in an amplified oxidation burst by neutrophils in children with primary nephrotic syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 161:151-8. [PMID: 20491793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism responsible for proteinuria in non-genetic idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (iNS) is unknown. Animal models suggest an effect of free radicals on podocytes, and indirect evidence in humans confirm this implication. We determined the oxidative burst by blood CD15+ polymorphonucleates (PMN) utilizing the 5-(and-6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) fluorescence assay in 38 children with iNS. Results were compared with PMN from normal subjects and patients with renal pathologies considered traditionally to be models of oxidative stress [six anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) vasculitis, seven post-infectious glomerulonephritis]. Radicals of oxygen (ROS) production was finally determined in a patient with immunodeficiency, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy X-linked (IPEX) and in seven iNS children after treatment with Rituximab. Results demonstrated a 10-fold increase of ROS production by resting PMN in iNS compared to normal PMN. When PMN were separated from other cells, ROS increased significantly in all conditions while a near-normal production was restored by adding autologous cells and/or supernatants in controls, vasculitis and post-infectious glomerulonephritis but not in iNS. Results indicated that the oxidative burst was regulated by soluble factors and that this regulatory circuit was altered in iNS. PMN obtained from a child with IPEX produced 100 times more ROS during exacerbation of clinical symptoms and restored to a near normal-level in remission. Rituximab decreased ROS production by 60%. In conclusion, our study shows that oxidant production is increased in iNS for an imbalance between PMN and other blood cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and CD20 are probably involved in this regulation. Overall, our observations reinforce the concept that oxidants deriving from PMN are implicated in iNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bertelli
- Division of Nephrology and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini IRCCS, Genova, Italy
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Prunotto M, Carnevali ML, Candiano G, Murtas C, Bruschi M, Corradini E, Trivelli A, Magnasco A, Petretto A, Santucci L, Mattei S, Gatti R, Scolari F, Kador P, Allegri L, Ghiggeri GM. Autoimmunity in membranous nephropathy targets aldose reductase and SOD2. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21:507-19. [PMID: 20150532 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008121259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular targets of autoimmunity in human membranous nephropathy are poorly understood. Here, we used a combined proteomic approach to identify specific antibodies against podocyte proteins in both serum and glomeruli of patients with membranous nephropathy (MN). We detected specific anti-aldose reductase (AR) and anti-manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) IgG(4) in sera of patients with MN. We also eluted high titers of anti-AR and anti-SOD2 IgG(4) from microdissected glomeruli of three biopsies of MN kidneys but not from biopsies of other glomerulonephritides characterized by IgG deposition (five lupus nephritis and two membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis). We identified both antigens in MN biopsies but not in other renal pathologies or normal kidney. Confocal and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) showed co-localization of anti-AR and anti-SOD2 with IgG(4) and C5b-9 in electron-dense podocyte immune deposits. Preliminary in vitro experiments showed an increase of SOD2 expression on podocyte plasma membrane after treatment with hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, our data support AR and SOD2 as renal antigens of human MN and suggest that oxidative stress may drive glomerular SOD2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Prunotto
- Division of Nephrology and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children Hospital, Genova, Italy
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Wühl E, Trivelli A, Picca S, Litwin M, Peco-Antic A, Zurowska A, Testa S, Jankauskiene A, Emre S, Caldas-Afonso A, Anarat A, Niaudet P, Mir S, Bakkaloglu A, Enke B, Montini G, Wingen AM, Sallay P, Jeck N, Berg U, Caliskan S, Wygoda S, Hohbach-Hohenfellner K, Dusek J, Urasinski T, Arbeiter K, Neuhaus T, Gellermann J, Drozdz D, Fischbach M, Möller K, Wigger M, Peruzzi L, Mehls O, Schaefer F. Strict blood-pressure control and progression of renal failure in children. N Engl J Med 2009; 361:1639-50. [PMID: 19846849 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0902066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 514] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system delays the progression of renal failure in adults with chronic kidney disease, the blood-pressure target for optimal renal protection is controversial. We assessed the long-term renoprotective effect of intensified blood-pressure control among children who were receiving a fixed high dose of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. METHODS After a 6-month run-in period, 385 children, 3 to 18 years of age, with chronic kidney disease (glomerular filtration rate of 15 to 80 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area) received ramipril at a dose of 6 mg per square meter of body-surface area per day. Patients were randomly assigned to intensified blood-pressure control (with a target 24-hour mean arterial pressure below the 50th percentile) or conventional blood-pressure control (mean arterial pressure in the 50th to 95th percentile), achieved by the addition of antihypertensive therapy that does not target the renin-angiotensin system; patients were followed for 5 years. The primary end point was the time to a decline of 50% in the glomerular filtration rate or progression to end-stage renal disease. Secondary end points included changes in blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary protein excretion. RESULTS A total of 29.9% of the patients in the group that received intensified blood-pressure control reached the primary end point, as assessed by means of a Kaplan-Meier analysis, as compared with 41.7% in the group that received conventional blood-pressure control (hazard ratio, 0.65; confidence interval, 0.44 to 0.94; P=0.02). The two groups did not differ significantly with respect to the type or incidence of adverse events or the cumulative rates of withdrawal from the study (28.0% vs. 26.5%). Proteinuria gradually rebounded during ongoing ACE inhibition after an initial 50% decrease, despite persistently good blood-pressure control. Achievement of blood-pressure targets and a decrease in proteinuria were significant independent predictors of delayed progression of renal disease. CONCLUSIONS Intensified blood-pressure control, with target 24-hour blood-pressure levels in the low range of normal, confers a substantial benefit with respect to renal function among children with chronic kidney disease. Reappearance of proteinuria after initial successful pharmacologic blood-pressure control is common among children who are receiving long-term ACE inhibition. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00221845.)
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Caridi G, Gigante M, Ravani P, Trivelli A, Barbano G, Scolari F, Dagnino M, Murer L, Murtas C, Edefonti A, Allegri L, Amore A, Coppo R, Emma F, De Palo T, Penza R, Gesualdo L, Ghiggeri GM. Clinical features and long-term outcome of nephrotic syndrome associated with heterozygous NPHS1 and NPHS2 mutations. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4:1065-72. [PMID: 19406966 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.03910808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mutations in nephrin (NPHS1) and podocin (NPHS2) genes represent a major cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children. It is not yet clear whether the presence of a single mutation acts as a modifier of the clinical course of NS. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS We reviewed the clinical features of 40 patients with NS associated with heterozygous mutations or variants in NPHS1 (n = 7) or NPHS2 (n = 33). Long-term renal survival probabilities were compared with those of a concurrent cohort with idiopathic NS. RESULTS Patients with a single mutation in NPHS1 received a diagnosis before those with potentially nongenetic NS and had a good response to therapies. Renal function was normal in all cases. For NPHS2, six patients had single heterozygous mutations, six had a p.P20L variant, and 21 had a p.R229Q variant. Age at diagnosis and the response to drugs were comparable in all NS subgroups. Overall, they had similar renal survival probabilities as non-NPHS1/NPHS2 cases (log-rank chi(2) 0.84, P = 0.656) that decreased in presence of resistance to therapy (P < 0.001) and in cases with renal lesions of glomerulosclerosis and IgM deposition (P < 0.001). Cox regression confirmed that the only significant predictor of dialysis was resistance to therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that single mutation or variant in NPHS1 and NPHS2 does not modify the outcome of primary NS. These patients should be treated following consolidated schemes and have good chances for a good long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Caridi
- Division of Nephrology and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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Ghiggeri GM, Musante L, Candiano G, Bruschi M, Santucci L, Barbano G, Trivelli A, Rivabella L, Gusmano R, Perfumo F. Protracted remission of proteinuria after combined therapy with plasmapheresis and anti-CD20 antibodies/cyclophosphamide in a child with oligoclonal IgM and glomerulosclerosis. Pediatr Nephrol 2007; 22:1953-6. [PMID: 17661091 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-007-0550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe a child presenting with oligoclonal plasma IgM (1.2 g%) and nephrotic syndrome with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Oligoclonality was demonstrated by the analysis of the complementary determining region 3 (CDR 3) on immunoglobulin heavy chains and by two dimensional electrophoresis and Western blot analysis that showed the bulk of isoforms having a cationic muU chain compared with the normal homologue (pI 7.5 vs 6.5). Urinary light chains were absent, and bone marrow aspirate was normal. Usual therapies for nephrotic syndrome with steroids and cyclosporin were useless. At the age of 9 years the patient was treated with plasmapheresis plus cyclophosphamide (2 mg/kg per day for 60 days), which temporarily reduced plasma IgM, and proteinuria was normal for 3 years. After this period, due to new recurrence of nephrotic syndrome, the patient received a cycle with anti-CD20 antibodies (500 mg/m(2) every week for a month) associated with a cycle of plasmapheresis that normalized proteinuria again, and, after 3 years, the proteinuria is still in remission. This is the first case of nephrotic syndrome associated with oligoclonal plasma IgM and mesangial IgM deposits. Both cyclophosphamide and anti-CD20 antibodies associated with plasmapheresis induced, at different stages, stable and protracted remission of proteinuria without evident side effects. Long term efficacy and safety of the association are still to be determined.
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Mattioli G, Castagnetti M, Verrina E, Trivelli A, Torre M, Jasonni V, Perfumo F. Laparoscopic-Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Implantation in Pediatric Patients. Urology 2007; 69:1185-9. [PMID: 17572212 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility and complications of laparoscopic-assisted placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters (PDCs) in pediatric patients. METHODS A total of 15 patients undergoing laparoscopic-assisted PDC insertion were studied. A single 10-mm epigastric port was used, unless concomitant diseases were present. A double-cuffed straight Tenckhoff catheter was implanted, with the deep cuff placed within a preperitoneal tunnel underneath the left rectus muscle. The catheter tip was positioned in the left iliac fossa by stylet wire manipulation under laparoscopic control, with the exit site oriented laterally or downward. Subtotal omentectomy was performed by way of the epigastric port site. The findings were compared with those of a group of patients undergoing open PDC insertion. RESULTS The median operating time was not different in the two groups. In the laparoscopic group, a single port was used in 9 cases, and adhesiolysis was performed in 2. The median time to PD initiation was not different in the two groups, nor were any significant differences found in the infectious complications, leak or obstruction rates, or need for secondary surgical revisions between the two groups. Surgical revision was necessary because of peritonitis in 1, persistent leak in 1, and dislodgement in 2 in the open group and because of blockages in 3 in the laparoscopic group. Laparoscopy allowed for the rescue of two such catheters. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study have shown that laparoscopy allows for careful assessment of the abdominal cavity, recognition and treatment of intraabdominal diseases, and precise placement of PDCs. However, it does not seem to reduce the early catheter-related complication rate. Mechanical obstruction remains a common cause of early catheter malfunction. However, laparoscopy can allow for the rescue of blocked catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girolamo Mattioli
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gaslini Children's Hospital and Research Institute, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Caridi G, Dagnino M, Trivelli A, Emma F, Perfumo F, Ghiggeri GM. Stop codon at arginine 586 is the prevalent nephronopthisis type 1 mutation in Italy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2006; 21:2301-3. [PMID: 16762963 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfl277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Caridi
- Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, G. Gaslini Children Hospital, Largo G. Gaslini 5, 16148 Genova, Italy
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Trivelli A, Ghiggeri GM, Canepa A, Oddone M, Bava G, Perfumo F. Hyponatremic-hypertensive syndrome with extensive and reversible renal defects. Pediatr Nephrol 2005; 20:102-4. [PMID: 15503172 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-004-1648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Revised: 07/19/2004] [Accepted: 07/20/2004] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two young children with renal artery stenosis and severe hypertension who presented with the so-called hyponatremic-hypertensive syndrome (HHS), with marked urine and solute loss during the acute phase, are described. Both children also presented with severe high molecular proteinuria, glycosuria, and hypercalciuria, only the first symptom having prompt remission after normalization of blood pressure. In children with renal artery stenosis, HHS is associated with severe proteinuria due to hyperfiltration and more extensive tubular functional alterations. Hyponatremia and acute tubulopathy may mask the presenting clinical picture of renal artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Trivelli
- Nephrology Unit, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Largo Gaslini 5, Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The feasibility of simultaneously infusing glucose and amino acid (AA)-based peritoneal dialysis solutions was tested to determine whether peritoneal dialysis patients could achieve an adequate nonprotein calorie/nitrogen ratio while preventing a marked increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which is usually seen if the AAs are administered without glucose. METHODS An automatic peritoneal dialysis cycler was used to infuse glucose and AA solutions (3:1) simultaneously during the night. Eight infusions of 1000 mL m2 of body surface area (BSA), with a 60 minute dwell time, were performed in 10 children on peritoneal dialysis. The dialytic effluent was analyzed at every exchange and totaled at eight hours to evaluate volume, glucose, and AA concentration. Blood samples for plasma, glucose, insulin, and free AA determination were drawn at the beginning of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) session and at each instillation of peritoneal dialysate. RESULTS The mean glucose absorption was 33.7 +/- 10.0% and the AA absorption was 55.2 +/- 13.2% of the infused amount, and the ratio of nonprotein calorie (derived from glucose) to nitrogen (derived from AA) was 115.4:1. The insulin levels returned to normal only three hours after the beginning of APD. The free AA plasma levels were already increased two hours after dinner and remained high for the entire APD treatment because of the continuous absorption of AA from the peritoneum. The BUN levels did not increase despite the supply of AA. CONCLUSIONS This APD procedure may improve utilization of AA for protein synthesis, as suggested by the lack of increase of the BUN levels with this regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Canepa
- Nephrology Department, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
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Verrina E, Amici G, Perfumo F, Trivelli A, Canepa A, Gusmano R. The use of the PD Adequest mathematical model in pediatric patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 1998; 18:322-8. [PMID: 9663898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the accuracy of the PD ADEQUEST kinetic model in calculating peritoneal transport parameters and to quantify the differences between the results of software simulations and direct measurements in order to assess the reliability of this tool in chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) pediatric patients. PATIENTS Twenty-nine patients (mean age: 10 +/- 4 years; range: 4-17), 5 on continuous ambulatory PD, 4 on continuous cycling PD, 19 on nocturnal intermittent PD and 1 in nocturnal tidal PD, all free from peritonitis in the previous 2 months. Fourteen patients were anuric and 15 had a mean glomerular filtration rate of 1.79 +/- 1.23 mL/min, range 0.25-4.82. METHODS In all patients, 24-hour dialysate and urine collections associated to standard peritoneal equilibration test (PET) were performed using their usual dialytic regimen and fill volume (1023 +/- 159 mL/m2 BSA, range 614-1361). PD ADEQUEST kinetic parameters were compared with pediatric and adult data from literature. The measured weekly normalized total creatinine clearance (CRCL), weekly total Kt/V, and daily net ultrafiltration (UF) were compared with corresponding mathematically modeled values. RESULTS Kinetic parameters calculated by the PD ADEQUEST program were comparable to adult and pediatric values from previous studies after normalization for BSA. Measured and modeled CRCL and Kt/V showed a good agreement [concordance correlation (rc) 0.937 and 0.768, respectively] with limited median percentage absolute errors (11.6% and 10.2%, respectively). Ultrafiltration showed less favorable results (rc = 0.600 and median percentage absolute error 45%) probably owing to the wide variability of this parameter. When the analysis was restricted to the peritoneal component, the rc coefficients results were 0.745 for CRCL and 0.512 for Kt/V (median absolute error: 11.6% and 15.2%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The overall findings of our study show that the PD ADEQUEST kinetic model can be used in pediatric patients for the calculation of kinetic indexes and for mathematical simulation of the various regimens. We also feel that the results yielded by the PD ADEQUEST program are reliable enough for this computerized mathematical model to be used in the prescription management of pediatric patients. Only UF prediction needs to be used with a certain caution on account of the marked variability of this parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Verrina
- Divisione di Nefrologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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Neri TM, Zanelli P, De Palma G, Savi M, Rossetti S, Turco AE, Pignatti GF, Galli L, Bruttini M, Renieri A, Mingarelli R, Trivelli A, Pinciaroli AR, Ragaiolo M, Rizzoni GF, De Marchi M. Missense mutations in the COL4A5 gene in patients with X-linked Alport syndrome. Hum Mutat 1998; Suppl 1:S106-9. [PMID: 9452056 DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T M Neri
- Cattedra di Genetica Medica, Università di Parma, Italy
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Renieri A, Bruttini M, Piccini M, Bruno M, Cecconi M, Conti M, Coppo R, La Manna A, Trivelli A, De Marchi M, Ballabio A. Molecular diagnosis of Alport syndrome: the experience in Siena. Contrib Nephrol 1997; 122:132-3. [PMID: 9399055 DOI: 10.1159/000059882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Renieri
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Italy
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Picco P, Gattorno M, Barbano GC, Trivelli A, Pistoia V, Buoncompagni A. Mesangial glomerulonephritis and transient SLE manifestations in an adolescent with dermatomyositis. Lupus 1997; 6:72-3. [PMID: 9116723 DOI: 10.1177/096120339700600111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Perfumo F, Altieri P, Degl'Innocenti ML, Ghiggeri GM, Caridi G, Trivelli A, Gusmano R. Effects of peritoneal effluents on mesothelial cells m culture: cell proliferation and extracellular matrix regulation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996. [DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Perfumo F, Altieri P, Degl'Innocenti ML, Ghiggeri GM, Caridi G, Trivelli A, Gusmano R. Effects of peritoneal effluents on mesothelial cells in culture: cell proliferation and extracellular matrix regulation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11:1803-9. [PMID: 8918626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis in patients on peritoneal dialysis is the result of interstitial collagen accumulation within the peritoneal membrane and in mural spaces. Hypothetically, collagen expression by target cells may be regulated by specific endoperitoneal factors, though the existence of such factors has not yet been demonstrated. We evaluated the effects of cell-free peritoneal effluents obtained from six children undergoing peritoneal dialysis on several mesothelial cell functions in vitro. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (MC) were obtained from the omental tissue of six uraemic children who were undergoing surgery for insertion of a peritoneal catheter. Cells at confluence were utilized to determine cytotoxicity (LDH release), viability (trypan blue), proliferation (3H-thymidine incorporation), collagen expression (3H-proline incorporation, SDS-Page) and mRNA (dot-blot). A preliminary series of experiments, was undertaken to define which of the successive fluid collections during a dialytic procedures induces the greatest changes; this revealed maximal effects of the effluent from the long stasis period. Exposure to peritoneal effluents obtained from four patients with acute peritonitis induced marked changes in cell morphology, stimulated by (3H)-thymidine incorporation into DNA by 300% and upregulated the expression and transcription of type III collagen (6-fold increment in COL3A1 mRNA). Qualitatively but not quantitatively comparable changes in cell proliferation (+100%) and collagen expression were induced by peritoneal effluents from patients without peritonitis. In an effort to reproduce the effect of peritoneal effluents in vitro, we exposed mesothelial cells to various cytokines putatively present in infected peritoneal effluents, namely IL-2, TGF beta and TNF alpha; in no case did we find stimulation of cell proliferation. Finally TGF beta but not TNF alpha or IL2 upregulated collagen synthesis by these cells. These findings demonstrate a direct influence of cell-free peritoneal effluents on mesothelial cell functions, including stimulation of interstitial collagen expression. All these changes were more evident upon exposure to effluents collected during acute peritonitis, which suggests a link between recurrent peritoneal infection and collagen deposition, the most typical precursor of peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Perfumo
- Nephrology Department, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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Perfumo F, Verrina E, Edefonti A, Trivelli A, Canepa A, Gusmano R. Is the response to rhGH in peritoneal dialysis patients less effective than in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Br J Clin Pract Suppl 1996; 85:18-20. [PMID: 8995022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Data on the effects of rhGH treatment in children on peritoneal dialysis are limited. In general rhGH therapy seems to be less effective compared with results on patients with chronic renal failure on conservative treatment. Our experience suggests that rhGH can stimulate growth in children on CPD, and that the efficacy of such therapy is reduced after the first year of treatment, although the rhGH is still active.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Perfumo
- Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation, G Gaslini Children Institute, Genoa, Italy
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Ginevri F, Trivelli A, Ciardi MR, Ghiggeri GM, Parfumo F, Gusmano R. Protracted levamisole in children with frequent-relapse nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 1996; 10:550. [PMID: 8865269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Canepa A, Perfumo F, Carrea A, Menoni S, Verrina E, Trivelli A, Delucchi P, Gusmano R. Protein and calorie intake, nitrogen losses, and nitrogen balance in children undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis. Adv Perit Dial 1996; 12:326-329. [PMID: 8865929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We performed 22 nitrogen balance (NB) studies of three days' duration in 19 children (8.7 +/- 3.8 years) on chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD) for 19.4 +/- 16.4 months. The dietary intakes were assessed by the double weighing method. Total nitrogen, protein, urea, and creatinine were analyzed in the dialysate and urine collected daily. Total nitrogen was also determined in the feces collected over the whole NB study period, using vegetable charcoal as a marker. The protein intake was 1.64 +/- 0.50 g/kg/day, corresponding to 126 +/- 40% of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for normal children of the same age, and the calorie intake (diet+glucose from dialysate) reached 75 +/- 26% of RDA. Nitrogen losses were: 0.177 +/- 0.052 g/kg/day with peritoneal fluid and urine, and 0.028 +/- 0.018 g/kg/day with feces. The NB, positive in 17 out of 22 studies, ranged from -116 to +167 mg/kg/day (mean 44.0 +/- 66.2 mg/kg/day). A direct and significant correlation between NB and nitrogen intake (g/kg/day) (r = 0.562, p < 0.05) and total calorie intake (cal/kg/day) (r = 0.483, p < 0.05) has been observed. These data confirm the need to ensure in children on CPD an adequate nutritional intake, and further support the efforts to improve calorie intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Canepa
- Nephrology Department, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
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Ginevri F, Bergamaschi E, Mutti A, Trivelli A, Salvidio G, Fabbretti G, Perfumo F, Ghiggeri GM. Protracted high-dose interferon gamma therapy for chronic experimental nephropathy. Life Sci 1994; 54:PL45-50. [PMID: 8289579 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(94)00820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the utility of interferon gamma (IFN gamma) as an anti-fibrotic drug in renal experimental fibrosis; the nephropathy was induced by two doses of Adriamycin (ADR) in 20 Sprague Dawley rats, 10 of which were randomly assigned to receive IFN gamma (45,000 UI) on alternate day for 16 weeks. At the end of the follow up, ADR rats treated with IFN gamma developed massive proteinuria, slight renal insufficiency, and presented diffuse glomerulosclerosis, tubulo interstitial infiltration and fibrosis. No difference was found in the composition of tubulo-interstitial infiltrates, mainly consisting in CD4+T lymphocytes with a minor component of CD8+T cells, in comparison with rats treated with ADR alone. These observations demonstrate the inefficacy of a protracted high-dose treatment with IFN gamma in chronic experimental nephropathy with interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ginevri
- Department of Nephrology and Pathology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa
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Ginevri F, Trivelli A, Mutti A, Bergamaschi E, Fabbretti G, Callea F, Salvidio G, Altieri P, Perfumo F, Ghiggeri GM. Progression of chronic adriamycin nephropathy in leukopenic rats. Nephron Clin Pract 1993; 63:79-88. [PMID: 8446256 DOI: 10.1159/000187147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the progression of chronic Adriamycin (ADR) nephropathy in mild leukopenic rats and tried to define the possible relationship between tubulointerstitial lesions and proteinuria in this model. Chronic ADR nephropathy was induced by 2 doses of ADR (2 mg/kg) in 32 Sprague-Dawley rats. Eight of these were randomly assigned to cyclophosphamide treatment (50 mg/kg), given intravenously every week, to keep the blood leukocyte count constantly lower than 5,000/mm3. Serial parameters were followed for 16 weeks including clearance studies with iothalamate and p-aminohippurate and the analysis of urinary protein composition by: (a) an enzymatic assay for beta-glucosidase; (b) specific ELISA using antibodies against rat albumin and RBP, and finally (c) two-dimensional electrophoresis. ADR-treated rats rapidly (within 2 weeks) developed massive proteinuria which was in constant increment throughout the disease evolution in each single component (i.e., high and low molecular weight proteinuria, enzymuria) and developed renal insufficiency. At week 8, in ADR rats, glomerulosclerosis was mild whereas tubulointerstitial infiltrates predominated, characterized mainly by CD4+ T lymphocytes while CD8+ T lymphocytes were inconspicuous, and macrophages were only occasionally present. All such alterations had worsened after 16 weeks when the tubulointerstitial infiltration was associated with marked interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Leukopenia induced by cyclophosphamide was in all cases associated with a net amelioration of renal histopathology reducing tubulointerstitial infiltrates (by 40%) and glomerulosclerosis (33 +/- 5 vs. 52.2 +/- 7.5% sclerotic glomeruli) and also ameliorated glomerular filtration indexes (Cl 780 +/- 40 vs. 447 +/- 66 microliters/min/kg-1). In spite of these differences, albuminuria and urinary-retinol-binding protein were comparable at weeks 4, 8 and 16 in this group, while urinary beta-glucosidase was decreased at week 16 (p < 0.001) in cyclophosphamide-treated rats. No other qualitative changes in urinary proteins were detectable by 2-dimensional electrophoresis during the disease development. We concluded that chronic leukopenia prevents interstitial cellular infiltration by lymphocytes, interstitial fibrosis and slows down the decline of renal function typical of chronic ADR nephropathy. Glomerulosclerosis is also reduced in leukopenic rats without any appreciable changes in the urinary excretion of high molecular weight proteins deriving from the glomerulus. Finally, the improvement in tubulointerstitial alteration is associated with the reduction in urinary lysosomal enzymes. Tubulointerstitial alterations are implicated with a prominent role in the progression towards renal failure in chronic ADR glomerulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ginevri
- Department of Nephrology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
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Ghiggeri GM, Bertelli R, Ginevri F, Oleggini R, Altieri P, Trivelli A, Gusmano R. Multiple mechanisms for doxorubicin cytotoxicity on glomerular epithelial cells 'in vitro'. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 228:77-83. [PMID: 1332879 DOI: 10.1016/0926-6917(92)90015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was planned to define the metabolic pathways for free radical production by isolated glomeruli and glomerular epithelial cells in vitro after exposure to cytotoxic doses of doxorubicin. A net increment in glomerular superoxide anion (O2.) synthesis was observed at doxorubicin doses between 10 and 30 micrograms/ml, a drug level which also induced a parallel increment in uric acid synthesis. Since the synthesis of O2. with production of uric acid implies an activity of xanthine oxidase, a few experiments were performed with glomeruli which had been deprived of xanthine oxidase activity. In this case doxorubicin-inducible O2. and uric acid synthesis by glomeruli was practically nil. A similar stimulatory effect of O2. synthesis was induced by doxorubicin on glomerular epithelial cells and also in this case O2. synthesis was suppressed by pre-treating cells with deoxyconformicin, a selective inhibitor of adenosine deaminase. Finally, equimolar amounts of the drug were equally cytotoxic even when kept constantly outside the cell by a stable linkage with an agarose macroporous bed. In summary, these data demonstrate that O2. is generated by isolated glomeruli and glomerular epithelial cells 'in vitro' when exposed to cytotoxic amounts of doxorubicin and that purine degradation to uric acid furnish the metabolic pathways for glomerular O2. generation. However, doxorubicin is comparably cytotoxic on glomerular epithelial cells from outside cells thus suggesting that also a membrane perturbation may activate the series of events leading to cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Ghiggeri
- Department of Nephrology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
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Canepa A, Ghiggeri GM, Carrea A, Ginevri F, Trivelli A, Perfumo F, Gusmano R. Modulation of proteinuria and renal xanthine oxidase activity by dietary proteins in acute adriamycin nephrosis in rats: lack of correlation with intra- and extracellular amino acids. Nephron Clin Pract 1992; 60:342-8. [PMID: 1565188 DOI: 10.1159/000186776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein restriction ameliorates proteinuria in acute adriamycin (ADR) nephrosis and decreases the renal levels of xanthine oxidase (XO), a putative mediator of ADR nephrotoxicity. Hypothetically, the effect of protein restriction on renal XO levels may be due to variations in plasma and tissue proteic amino acids (AA). To elucidate this point, the levels of AA in plasma and in renal homogenates were determined in rats with ADR nephrosis and fed diets with different protein contents: (a) high (35%) casein; (b) standard (21%) casein; (c) low (9%) casein; (d) low casein plus a synthetic mixture of Val, Leu and Ile. The protein content of the diet determined certain marked variations in plasma AA: high levels of Val, Leu and Ile were found in rats fed on a high protein diet, while the same AA were low, in rats on low protein regimen. Supplementation of the low protein diet with a synthetic mixture of branched-chain AA (Val, Leu and Ile) normalized the plasma levels of these AA. In spite of these changes, tissue AA were similar in all groups, regardless of the protein contents of the diets. Furthermore, the levels of renal XO and proteinuria were unrelated to variations in plasma AA, since both parameters were low in protein-restricted and protein-restricted AA-supplemented rats while high in rats fed a high or normoproteic diet. These data demonstrate that low protein diets induce marked alterations in plasma AA composition which are similar in may respects to those found in protein malnutrition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- A Canepa
- Department of Nephrology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
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Ghiggeri GM, Cercignani G, Ginevri F, Bertelli R, Zetta L, Greco F, Candiano G, Trivelli A, Gusmano R. Puromycin aminonucleoside metabolism by glomeruli and glomerular epithelial cells in vitro. Kidney Int 1991; 40:35-42. [PMID: 1921153 DOI: 10.1038/ki.1991.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) excretion products were purified by HPLC from urine of PAN-treated rats and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance as N6-dimethyl-3'amino-3'deoxyadenosine (DA-Ado) and N6-methyl-3'amino-3'deoxyadenosine (MA-Ado), respectively, the former corresponding to unmodified PAN. DA-Ado was not a substrate for adenosine deaminase (ADA), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) or xanthine oxidase (XO), while MA-Ado was consecutively converted into hypoxanthine by a mixture of ADA and PNP. A different rate of transformation of DA-Ado and MA-Ado into hypoxanthine by isolated glomeruli was observed and was higher for the monomethylated analogue by a factor of 3 (79% vs. 21%); this was ascribed to the rate-limiting level of a demethylase activity acting on DA-Ado. Furthermore, DA-Ado was not transformed by glomerular epithelial cells in culture, while a little amount of MA-Ado was converted into hypoxanthine after six hours of incubation. In spite of this different metabolic behavior, the same order of cytotoxicity on glomerular epithelial cells in culture was observed for MA-Ado, DA-Ado and commercial PAN. All these molecules induced a dose response inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA after exposure for two hours and a marked alteration of cell viability which was not inhibited by free radical scavengers and deferoxamine. This study provides the first evidence for a glomerular metabolism of PAN and its urinary metabolite MA-Ado involving their transformation via the purine cycle enzymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Ghiggeri
- Department of Nephrology, G. Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
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