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Tarnawski L, Shavva VS, Kort EJ, Zhuge Z, Nilsson I, Gallina AL, Martínez-Enguita D, Heller Sahlgren B, Weiland M, Caravaca AS, Schmidt S, Chen P, Abbas K, Wang FH, Ahmed O, Eberhardson M, Färnert A, Weitzberg E, Gustafsson M, Kehr J, Malin SG, Hult H, Carlström M, Jovinge S, Olofsson PS. Cholinergic regulation of vascular endothelial function by human ChAT + T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2212476120. [PMID: 36989306 PMCID: PMC10083572 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212476120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and impaired vasodilation are linked with adverse cardiovascular events. T lymphocytes expressing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme catalyzing biosynthesis of the vasorelaxant acetylcholine (ACh), regulate vasodilation and are integral to the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway in an inflammatory reflex in mice. Here, we found that human T cell ChAT mRNA expression was induced by T cell activation involving the PI3K signaling cascade. Mechanistically, we identified that ChAT mRNA expression was induced following the attenuation of RE-1 Silencing Transcription factor REST-mediated methylation of the ChAT promoter, and that ChAT mRNA expression levels were up-regulated by GATA3 in human T cells. In functional experiments, T cell-derived ACh increased endothelial nitric oxide-synthase activity, promoted vasorelaxation, and reduced vascular endothelial activation and promoted barrier integrity by a cholinergic mechanism. Further, we observed that survival in a cohort of patients with severe circulatory failure correlated with their relative frequency of ChAT +CD4+ T cells in blood. These findings on ChAT+ human T cells provide a mechanism for cholinergic immune regulation of vascular endothelial function in human inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tarnawski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir S Shavva
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric J Kort
- DeVos Cardiovascular Program, Van Andel Research Institute and Fredrik Meijer Heart and Vascular Institute/Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - Zhengbing Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Nilsson
- Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandro L Gallina
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Martínez-Enguita
- Bioinformatics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Heller Sahlgren
- Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Weiland
- DeVos Cardiovascular Program, Van Andel Research Institute and Fredrik Meijer Heart and Vascular Institute/Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
| | - April S Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ping Chen
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katarina Abbas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fu-Hua Wang
- Pronexus Analytical AB, Bromma, 167 33 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Osman Ahmed
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Eberhardson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Färnert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika Gustafsson
- Bioinformatics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Kehr
- Vascular Biology Division, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Pronexus Analytical AB, Bromma, 167 33 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen G Malin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Hult
- Department of Mathematics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Jovinge
- DeVos Cardiovascular Program, Van Andel Research Institute and Fredrik Meijer Heart and Vascular Institute/Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI 49503
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030
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2
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Ahmed O, Caravaca AS, Crespo M, Dai W, Liu T, Guo Q, Leiva M, Sabio G, Shavva VS, Malin SG, Olofsson PS. Hepatic stellate cell activation markers are regulated by the vagus nerve in systemic inflammation. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:6. [PMID: 36997988 PMCID: PMC10064698 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is an important immunological organ and liver inflammation is part of the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, a condition that may promote cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, and cardiovascular disease. Despite dense innervation of the liver parenchyma, little is known about neural regulation of liver function in inflammation. Here, we study vagus nerve control of the liver response to acute inflammation. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to either sham surgery, surgical vagotomy, or electrical vagus nerve stimulation followed by intraperitoneal injection of the TLR2 agonist zymosan. Animals were euthanized and tissues collected 12 h after injection. Samples were analyzed by qPCR, RNAseq, flow cytometry, or ELISA. RESULTS Hepatic mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators Ccl2, Il-1β, and Tnf-α were significantly higher in vagotomized mice compared with mice subjected to sham surgery. Differences in liver Ccl2 levels between treatment groups were largely reflected in the plasma chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) concentration. In line with this, we observed a higher number of macrophages in the livers of vagotomized mice compared with sham as measured by flow cytometry. In mice subjected to electrical vagus nerve stimulation, hepatic mRNA levels of Ccl2, Il1β, and Tnf-α, and plasma CCL2 levels, were significantly lower compared with sham. Interestingly, RNAseq revealed that a key activation marker for hepatic stellate cells (HSC), Pnpla3, was the most significantly differentially expressed gene between vagotomized and sham mice. Of note, several HSC-activation associated transcripts were higher in vagotomized mice, suggesting that signals in the vagus nerve contribute to HSC activation. In support of this, we observed significantly higher number of activated HSCs in vagotomized mice as compared with sham as measured by flow cytometry. CONCLUSIONS Signals in the cervical vagus nerve controlled hepatic inflammation and markers of HSC activation in zymosan-induced peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Ahmed
- Department of Medicine Solna, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khartoum University, Khartoum, Sudan
- Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - April S Caravaca
- Department of Medicine Solna, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Crespo
- Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wanmin Dai
- Department of Medicine Solna, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Medicine Solna, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Medicine Solna, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Leiva
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vladimir S Shavva
- Department of Medicine Solna, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen G Malin
- Department of Medicine Solna, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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3
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Harikesh PC, Yang CY, Wu HY, Zhang S, Donahue MJ, Caravaca AS, Huang JD, Olofsson PS, Berggren M, Tu D, Fabiano S. Ion-tunable antiambipolarity in mixed ion-electron conducting polymers enables biorealistic organic electrochemical neurons. Nat Mater 2023; 22:242-248. [PMID: 36635590 PMCID: PMC9894750 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01450-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biointegrated neuromorphic hardware holds promise for new protocols to record/regulate signalling in biological systems. Making such artificial neural circuits successful requires minimal device/circuit complexity and ion-based operating mechanisms akin to those found in biology. Artificial spiking neurons, based on silicon-based complementary metal-oxide semiconductors or negative differential resistance device circuits, can emulate several neural features but are complicated to fabricate, not biocompatible and lack ion-/chemical-based modulation features. Here we report a biorealistic conductance-based organic electrochemical neuron (c-OECN) using a mixed ion-electron conducting ladder-type polymer with stable ion-tunable antiambipolarity. The latter is used to emulate the activation/inactivation of sodium channels and delayed activation of potassium channels of biological neurons. These c-OECNs can spike at bioplausible frequencies nearing 100 Hz, emulate most critical biological neural features, demonstrate stochastic spiking and enable neurotransmitter-/amino acid-/ion-based spiking modulation, which is then used to stimulate biological nerves in vivo. These combined features are impossible to achieve using previous technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padinhare Cholakkal Harikesh
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Chi-Yuan Yang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Han-Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Silan Zhang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Mary J Donahue
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - April S Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun-Da Huang
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
- n-Ink AB, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Deyu Tu
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden.
- n-Ink AB, Norrköping, Sweden.
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4
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Donahue MJ, Ejneby MS, Jakešová M, Caravaca AS, Andersson G, Sahalianov I, Đerek V, Hult H, Olofsson PS, Głowacki ED. Wireless optoelectronic devices for vagus nerve stimulation in mice. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 36356313 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aca1e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising approach for the treatment of a wide variety of debilitating conditions, including autoimmune diseases and intractable epilepsy. Much remains to be learned about the molecular mechanisms involved in vagus nerve regulation of organ function. Despite an abundance of well-characterized rodent models of common chronic diseases, currently available technologies are rarely suitable for the required long-term experiments in freely moving animals, particularly experimental mice. Due to challenging anatomical limitations, many relevant experiments require miniaturized, less invasive, and wireless devices for precise stimulation of the vagus nerve and other peripheral nerves of interest. Our objective is to outline possible solutions to this problem by using nongenetic light-based stimulation.Approach.We describe how to design and benchmark new microstimulation devices that are based on transcutaneous photovoltaic stimulation. The approach is to use wired multielectrode cuffs to test different stimulation patterns, and then build photovoltaic stimulators to generate the most optimal patterns. We validate stimulation through heart rate analysis.Main results.A range of different stimulation geometries are explored with large differences in performance. Two types of photovoltaic devices are fabricated to deliver stimulation: photocapacitors and photovoltaic flags. The former is simple and more compact, but has limited efficiency. The photovoltaic flag approach is more elaborate, but highly efficient. Both can be used for wireless actuation of the vagus nerve using light impulses.Significance.These approaches can enable studies in small animals that were previously challenging, such as long-termin vivostudies for mapping functional vagus nerve innervation. This new knowledge may have potential to support clinical translation of VNS for treatment of select inflammatory and neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Donahue
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Malin Silverå Ejneby
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Jakešová
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - April S Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Ihor Sahalianov
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vedran Đerek
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Henrik Hult
- Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Mathematics, KTH, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, MedTechLabs, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States of America
| | - Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden.,Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Laboratory, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
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5
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Speidel AT, Chivers PRA, Wood CS, Roberts DA, Correia IP, Caravaca AS, Chan YKV, Hansel CS, Heimgärtner J, Müller E, Ziesmer J, Sotiriou GA, Olofsson PS, Stevens MM. Tailored Biocompatible Polyurethane-Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels as a Versatile Nonfouling Biomaterial. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201378. [PMID: 35981326 PMCID: PMC7615486 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane-based hydrogels are relatively inexpensive and mechanically robust biomaterials with ideal properties for various applications, including drug delivery, prosthetics, implant coatings, soft robotics, and tissue engineering. In this report, a simple method is presented for synthesizing and casting biocompatible polyurethane-poly(ethylene glycol) (PU-PEG) hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, nonfouling characteristics, and sustained tolerability as an implantable material or coating. The hydrogels are synthesized via a simple one-pot method using commercially available precursors and low toxicity solvents and reagents, yielding a consistent and biocompatible gel platform primed for long-term biomaterial applications. The mechanical and physical properties of the gels are easily controlled by varying the curing concentration, producing networks with complex shear moduli of 0.82-190 kPa, similar to a range of human soft tissues. When evaluated against a mechanically matched poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) formulation, the PU-PEG hydrogels demonstrated favorable nonfouling characteristics, including comparable adsorption of plasma proteins (albumin and fibrinogen) and significantly reduced cellular adhesion. Moreover, preliminary murine implant studies reveal a mild foreign body response after 41 days. Due to the tunable mechanical properties, excellent biocompatibility, and sustained in vivo tolerability of these hydrogels, it is proposed that this method offers a simplified platform for fabricating soft PU-based biomaterials for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessondra T Speidel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Phillip R A Chivers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christopher S Wood
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Derrick A Roberts
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Inês P Correia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - April S Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Yu Kiu Victor Chan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Catherine S Hansel
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Johannes Heimgärtner
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Eliane Müller
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jill Ziesmer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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6
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Kumawat AK, Zegeye MM, Paramel GV, Baumgartner R, Gisterå A, Amegavie O, Hellberg S, Jin H, Caravaca AS, Söderström LÅ, Gudmundsdotter L, Frejd FY, Ljungberg LU, Olofsson PS, Ketelhuth DFJ, Sirsjö A. Inhibition of IL17A Using an Affibody Molecule Attenuates Inflammation in ApoE-Deficient Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:831039. [PMID: 35282365 PMCID: PMC8907570 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.831039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines released by immune and non-immune cells plays a decisive role in the progression of atherosclerosis. Interleukin (IL)-17A has been shown to accelerate atherosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the effect on pro-inflammatory mediators and atherosclerosis development of an Affibody molecule that targets IL17A. Affibody molecule neutralizing IL17A, or sham were administered in vitro to human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) and murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and in vivo to atherosclerosis-prone, hyperlipidaemic ApoE−/− mice. Levels of mediators of inflammation and development of atherosclerosis were compared between treatments. Exposure of human smooth muscle cells and murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in vitro to αIL-17A Affibody molecule markedly reduced IL6 and CXCL1 release in supernatants compared with sham exposure. Treatment of ApoE−/− mice with αIL-17A Affibody molecule significantly reduced plasma protein levels of CXCL1, CCL2, CCL3, HGF, PDGFB, MAP2K6, QDPR, and splenocyte mRNA levels of Ccxl1, Il6, and Ccl20 compared with sham exposure. There was no significant difference in atherosclerosis burden between the groups. In conclusion, administration of αIL17A Affibody molecule reduced levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and attenuated inflammation in ApoE−/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Kumawat
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Orebro, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Ashok Kumar Kumawat
| | - Mulugeta M. Zegeye
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Geena Varghese Paramel
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Roland Baumgartner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Obed Amegavie
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Sanna Hellberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Jin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - April S. Caravaca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif Å. Söderström
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Liza U. Ljungberg
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Peder S. Olofsson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel F. J. Ketelhuth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Allan Sirsjö
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Orebro, Sweden
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7
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Caravaca AS, Levine YA, Drake A, Eberhardson M, Olofsson PS. Vagus Nerve Stimulation Reduces Indomethacin-Induced Small Bowel Inflammation. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:730407. [PMID: 35095387 PMCID: PMC8789651 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.730407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a chronic, idiopathic condition characterized by intestinal inflammation and debilitating gastrointestinal symptomatology. Previous studies of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), primarily in colitis, have shown reduced inflammation after electrical or pharmacological activation of the vagus nerve, but the scope and kinetics of this effect are incompletely understood. To investigate this, we studied the effect of electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in a rat model of indomethacin-induced small intestinal inflammation. 1 min of VNS significantly reduced small bowel total inflammatory lesion area [(mean ± SEM) sham: 124 ± 14 mm2, VNS: 62 ± 14 mm2, p = 0.002], intestinal peroxidation and chlorination rates, and intestinal and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokine levels as compared with sham-treated animals after 24 h following indomethacin administration. It was not known whether this observed reduction of inflammation after VNS in intestinal inflammation was mediated by direct innervation of the gut or if the signals are relayed through the spleen. To investigate this, we studied the VNS effect on the small bowel lesions of splenectomized rats and splenic nerve stimulation (SNS) in intact rats. We observed that VNS reduced small bowel inflammation also in splenectomized rats but SNS alone failed to significantly reduce small bowel lesion area. Interestingly, VNS significantly reduced small bowel lesion area for 48 h when indomethacin administration was delayed. Thus, 1 min of electrical activation of the vagus nerve reduced indomethacin-induced intestinal lesion area by a spleen-independent mechanism. The surprisingly long-lasting and spleen-independent effect of VNS on the intestinal response to indomethacin challenge has important implications on our understanding of neural control of intestinal inflammation and its potential translation to improved therapies for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- April S. Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- MedTechLabs, BioClinicum, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- SetPoint Medical, Inc., Valencia, CA, United States
| | - Yaakov A. Levine
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- MedTechLabs, BioClinicum, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- SetPoint Medical, Inc., Valencia, CA, United States
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna Drake
- SetPoint Medical, Inc., Valencia, CA, United States
| | - Michael Eberhardson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- MedTechLabs, BioClinicum, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peder S. Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- MedTechLabs, BioClinicum, Stockholm Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Arnardottir H, Thul S, Pawelzik SC, Karadimou G, Artiach G, Gallina AL, Mysdotter V, Carracedo M, Tarnawski L, Caravaca AS, Baumgartner R, Ketelhuth DF, Olofsson PS, Paulsson-Berne G, Hansson GK, Bäck M. The resolvin D1 receptor GPR32 transduces inflammation-resolution and atheroprotection. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:142883. [PMID: 34699386 DOI: 10.1172/jci142883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and results from an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving signaling. The human GPR32 receptor, together with the ALX/FPR2 receptor, transduces biological actions of several pro-resolving mediators that stimulate resolution of inflammation. However, since no murine homologs of the human GPR32 exist, comprehensive in vivo studies are lacking. Using human atherosclerotic lesions from carotid endarterectomies and creating a transgenic mouse model expressing human GPR32 on a Fpr2×apolipoprotein E double KO background (hGPR32myc×Fpr2-/-×Apoe-/-), we investigated the role of GPR32 in atherosclerosis and self-limiting acute inflammation. GPR32 mRNA was reduced in human atherosclerotic lesions and correlated with the immune cell markers ARG1, NOS2 and FOXP3. Atherosclerotic lesions, necrotic core and aortic inflammation were reduced in hGPR32mycTg×Fpr2-/-×Apoe-/- transgenic mice as compared to Fpr2-/-×Apoe-/- non-transgenic littermates. In a zymosan induced peritonitis model, the hGPR32mycTg×Fpr2-/-×Apoe-/- transgenic mice had reduced inflammation at 4h and enhanced pro-resolving macrophage responses at 24h compared to non-transgenic littermates. The GPR32 agonist aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) regulated leukocyte responses, including enhancing macrophage phagocytosis and intracellular signaling in hGPR32mycTg×Fpr2-/-×Apoe-/- transgenic mice but not in the Fpr2-/-×Apoe-/- non-transgenic littermates. Altogether these results provide the first evidence that GPR32 regulates resolution of inflammation and is atheroprotective in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silke Thul
- Department of Medicone, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Artiach
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Miguel Carracedo
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Tarnawski
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - April S Caravaca
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Peder S Olofsson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Göran K Hansson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Brück E, Svensson‐Raskh A, Larsson JW, Caravaca AS, Gallina AL, Eberhardson M, Sackey PV, Olofsson PS. Plasma HMGB1 levels and physical performance in ICU survivors. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2021; 65:921-927. [PMID: 33725363 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical impairment after critical illness is recognized as a part of the post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). About one third of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors suffer from long-term physical disability, yet the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. The pro-inflammatory alarmin, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), promotes muscle dysfunction in experimental models, and HMGB1 stays elevated in some patients after ICU discharge. Accordingly, we investigated the relationship between HMGB1 plasma levels and physical performance in ICU survivors. METHODS Prospective cohort study of 100 ICU survivors from the general ICU at the Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden. Patients returned for follow up at 3 (58 patients) and 6 months (51 patients) after ICU discharge. Blood samples were collected, and a 6-minute walk test (6-MWT), a handgrip-strength test (HST), and a timed-stands test (TST) were performed. RESULTS Compared to reference values of the different physical tests, 16% of patients underperformed at all tests at 3 months and 12% at 6 months. All test results, except hand-grip strength left, improved significantly over the follow-up period (P < .05). There was no significant association between plasma HMGB1 levels at 3 and 6 months and scores on the three tests (6-MWT, TST, and HST) (P = .50-0.69). CONCLUSION In this follow-up study of ICU survivors, we found no significant association between plasma HMGB1 levels and physical performance. Additional follow-up studies of HMGB1 plasma levels and muscle function in ICU survivors are still warranted. EDITORIAL COMMENT HMGB-1, a marker of cell damage and activation, is known to increase in ICU patients. In study participants at 3- to 6-month post-ICU stay, HMGB-1 levels were still elevated, although no association to the primary outcome, physical performance, was found. Mechanisms for failure to recover physical performance post-ICU remain unclear, and investigations into cause of post-intensive care syndrome need to continue. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02914756.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Brück
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Laboratory of Immunobiology Center for Bioelectronic Medicine MedTechLabs Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska University Hospital Solna Sweden
| | - Anna Svensson‐Raskh
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society Division of Physiotherapy Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
- Department of Allied Health Professionals Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jacob W. Larsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology Center for Bioelectronic Medicine MedTechLabs Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska University Hospital Solna Sweden
| | - April S. Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology Center for Bioelectronic Medicine MedTechLabs Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska University Hospital Solna Sweden
| | - Alessandro L. Gallina
- Laboratory of Immunobiology Center for Bioelectronic Medicine MedTechLabs Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska University Hospital Solna Sweden
| | - Michael Eberhardson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology Center for Bioelectronic Medicine MedTechLabs Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska University Hospital Solna Sweden
| | - Peter V. Sackey
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peder S. Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology Center for Bioelectronic Medicine MedTechLabs Department of Medicine, Solna Karolinska University Hospital Solna Sweden
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Manhasset NY USA
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10
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Gallina AL, Rykaczewska U, Wirka RC, Caravaca AS, Shavva VS, Youness M, Karadimou G, Lengquist M, Razuvaev A, Paulsson-Berne G, Quertermous T, Gisterå A, Malin SG, Tarnawski L, Matic L, Olofsson PS. AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors Associated With Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Subpopulations in Atherosclerosis and Vascular Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:655869. [PMID: 33959644 PMCID: PMC8093397 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.655869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives and Aims: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key constituents of both normal arteries and atherosclerotic plaques. They have an ability to adapt to changes in the local environment by undergoing phenotypic modulation. An improved understanding of the mechanisms that regulate VSMC phenotypic changes may provide insights that suggest new therapeutic targets in treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The amino-acid glutamate has been associated with CVD risk and VSMCs metabolism in experimental models, and glutamate receptors regulate VSMC biology and promote pulmonary vascular remodeling. However, glutamate-signaling in human atherosclerosis has not been explored. Methods and Results: We identified glutamate receptors and glutamate metabolism-related enzymes in VSMCs from human atherosclerotic lesions, as determined by single cell RNA sequencing and microarray analysis. Expression of the receptor subunits glutamate receptor, ionotropic, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic (AMPA)-type subunit 1 (GRIA1) and 2 (GRIA2) was restricted to cells of mesenchymal origin, primarily VSMCs, as confirmed by immunostaining. In a rat model of arterial injury and repair, changes of GRIA1 and GRIA2 mRNA level were most pronounced at time points associated with VSMC proliferation, migration, and phenotypic modulation. In vitro, human carotid artery SMCs expressed GRIA1, and selective AMPA-type receptor blocking inhibited expression of typical contractile markers and promoted pathways associated with VSMC phenotypic modulation. In our biobank of human carotid endarterectomies, low expression of AMPA-type receptor subunits was associated with higher content of inflammatory cells and a higher frequency of adverse clinical events such as stroke. Conclusion: AMPA-type glutamate receptors are expressed in VSMCs and are associated with phenotypic modulation. Patients suffering from adverse clinical events showed significantly lower mRNA level of GRIA1 and GRIA2 in their atherosclerotic lesions compared to asymptomatic patients. These results warrant further mapping of neurotransmitter signaling in the pathogenesis of human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro L Gallina
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urszula Rykaczewska
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert C Wirka
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - April S Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladimir S Shavva
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohamad Youness
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Glykeria Karadimou
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anton Razuvaev
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, CA, United States
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen G Malin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Tarnawski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ljubica Matic
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
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11
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Karadimou G, Gisterå A, Gallina AL, Caravaca AS, Centa M, Salagianni M, Andreakos E, Hansson GK, Malin S, Olofsson PS, Paulsson-Berne G. Treatment with a Toll-like Receptor 7 ligand evokes protective immunity against atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic mice. J Intern Med 2020; 288:321-334. [PMID: 32410352 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between innate and adaptive immunity is central in life-threatening clinical complications of atherosclerosis such as myocardial infarction and stroke. The specific mechanisms involved and their protective versus detrimental effects in the disease process remain poorly understood. We have previously shown that higher levels of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) expression in human atherosclerotic lesions are correlated with better patient outcome. OBJECTIVE In this study, we explored whether TLR7 activation can ameliorate disease in experimental atherosclerosis in mice. METHODS Apolipoprotein E deficient mice (Apoe-/- ) with established disease were injected for five weeks intraperitoneally with the TLR7 ligand R848. Local effects were evaluated by characterization of the lesion. Systemic effects of the treatment were investigated by immune composition analysis in the spleen and plasma measurements. RESULTS The in vivo treatment arrested lesion progression in the aorta. We also detected expansion of marginal zone B cells and Treg in the spleen together with increased plasma IgM antibodies against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and reduced plasma cholesterol levels. These changes were accompanied by increased accumulation of IgM antibodies, decreased necrosis and fewer apoptotic cells in atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that TLR7 stimulation could ameliorate atherosclerotic lesion burden and reduce plasma cholesterol in Apoe-/- mice. TLR7 stimulation was associated with an atheroprotective B-cell and Treg response, which may have systemic and local effects within lesions that could prevent arterial lipid accumulation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Karadimou
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Gisterå
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A L Gallina
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A S Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Centa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Salagianni
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - E Andreakos
- Clinical, Experimental Surgery & Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G K Hansson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Malin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P S Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - G Paulsson-Berne
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Caravaca AS, Gallina AL, Tarnawski L, Tracey KJ, Pavlov VA, Levine YA, Olofsson PS. An Effective Method for Acute Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Experimental Inflammation. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:877. [PMID: 31551672 PMCID: PMC6736627 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural reflexes regulate inflammation and electrical activation of the vagus nerve reduces inflammation in models of inflammatory disease. These discoveries have generated an increasing interest in targeted neurostimulation as treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases. Data from the first clinical trials that use vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease suggest that there is a therapeutic potential of electrical VNS in diseases characterized by excessive inflammation. Accordingly, there is an interest to further explore the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of electrical VNS in a range of experimental settings and available genetic mouse models of disease. Here, we describe a method for electrical VNS in experimental inflammation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- April S Caravaca
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandro L Gallina
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Tarnawski
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | | | - Peder S Olofsson
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Biomedical Science and Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
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13
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Tarnawski L, Reardon C, Caravaca AS, Rosas-Ballina M, Tusche MW, Drake AR, Hudson LK, Hanes WM, Li JH, Parrish WR, Ojamaa K, Al-Abed Y, Faltys M, Pavlov VA, Andersson U, Chavan SS, Levine YA, Mak TW, Tracey KJ, Olofsson PS. Adenylyl Cyclase 6 Mediates Inhibition of TNF in the Inflammatory Reflex. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2648. [PMID: 30538698 PMCID: PMC6277584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage cytokine production is regulated by neural signals, for example in the inflammatory reflex. Signals in the vagus and splenic nerves are relayed by choline acetyltransferase+ T cells that release acetylcholine, the cognate ligand for alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine subunit-containing receptors (α7nAChR), and suppress TNF release in macrophages. Here, we observed that electrical vagus nerve stimulation with a duration of 0.1–60 s significantly reduced systemic TNF release in experimental endotoxemia. This suppression of TNF was sustained for more than 24 h, but abolished in mice deficient in the α7nAChR subunit. Exposure of primary human macrophages and murine RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells to selective ligands for α7nAChR for 1 h in vitro attenuated TNF production for up to 24 h in response to endotoxin. Pharmacological inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and knockdown of adenylyl cyclase 6 (AC6) or c-FOS abolished cholinergic suppression of endotoxin-induced TNF release. These findings indicate that action potentials in the inflammatory reflex trigger a change in macrophage behavior that requires AC and phosphorylation of the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). These observations further our mechanistic understanding of neural regulation of inflammation and may have implications for development of bioelectronic medicine treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tarnawski
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colin Reardon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - April S Caravaca
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mauricio Rosas-Ballina
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Michael W Tusche
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - LaQueta K Hudson
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - William M Hanes
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Jian Hua Li
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - William R Parrish
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Kaie Ojamaa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | | | - Valentin A Pavlov
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Ulf Andersson
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sangeeta S Chavan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | | | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Peder S Olofsson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States
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14
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Caravaca AS, Tsaava T, Goldman L, Silverman H, Riggott G, Chavan SS, Bouton C, Tracey KJ, Desimone R, Boyden ES, Sohal HS, Olofsson PS. A novel flexible cuff-like microelectrode for dual purpose, acute and chronic electrical interfacing with the mouse cervical vagus nerve. J Neural Eng 2017; 14:066005. [PMID: 28628030 PMCID: PMC6130808 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa7a42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neural reflexes regulate immune responses and homeostasis. Advances in bioelectronic medicine indicate that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve can be used to treat inflammatory disease, yet the understanding of neural signals that regulate inflammation is incomplete. Current interfaces with the vagus nerve do not permit effective chronic stimulation or recording in mouse models, which is vital to studying the molecular and neurophysiological mechanisms that control inflammation homeostasis in health and disease. We developed an implantable, dual purpose, multi-channel, flexible 'microelectrode' array, for recording and stimulation of the mouse vagus nerve. APPROACH The array was microfabricated on an 8 µm layer of highly biocompatible parylene configured with 16 sites. The microelectrode was evaluated by studying the recording and stimulation performance. Mice were chronically implanted with devices for up to 12 weeks. MAIN RESULTS Using the microelectrode in vivo, high fidelity signals were recorded during physiological challenges (e.g potassium chloride and interleukin-1β), and electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve produced the expected significant reduction of blood levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in endotoxemia. Inflammatory cell infiltration at the microelectrode 12 weeks of implantation was limited according to radial distribution analysis of inflammatory cells. SIGNIFICANCE This novel device provides an important step towards a viable chronic interface for cervical vagus nerve stimulation and recording in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Caravaca
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Solna, Sweden
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Söderström LÅ, Jin H, Caravaca AS, Klement ML, Li Y, Gisterå A, Hedin U, Maegdefessel L, Hansson GK, Olofsson PS. Increased Carotid Artery Lesion Inflammation Upon Treatment With the CD137 Agonistic Antibody 2A. Circ J 2017; 81:1945-1952. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leif Å. Söderström
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
- Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Hong Jin
- Molecular Vascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - April S. Caravaca
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Maria L. Klement
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
- Department of Immunotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, LTH, Lund University
| | - Yuhuang Li
- Molecular Vascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Molecular Vascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Göran K. Hansson
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Peder S. Olofsson
- Center for Bioelectronic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
- Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System
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