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Ehsan S, Ayub A, Sadiq A. Medical students' knowledge about curriculum development and implementation in public and private medical institutes. Pak J Med Sci 2024; 40:185-189. [PMID: 38196470 PMCID: PMC10772432 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.40.1.7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the knowledge of undergraduate medical students about curriculum development and implementation. Methods A quantitative descriptive study was conducted at a public sector institute and a private sector institute from September, 2022 to December, 2022. Simple random sampling was used and all the undergraduate MBBS students were included in study. Sample size was calculated using open epi and keeping confidence interval at 95% as 316 for FMU students and 218 for AFMDC students. Ethical approval was taken from FMU and permission to collect data was obtained from AFMDC. A Questionnaire was made and distributed among the students and data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Results Two hundred and forty-seven (49.4%) participants responded that the students don't have any say in their curriculum, 400 (80%) were of the view that the students must have their opinion in the curriculum and 397 (79.4%) said that students must be involved in the process of planning and implementation of curriculum. When asked about the areas of deficiencies in the current curriculum, 101 (20.2%) pointed new skill, 84 (16.8%) indicated New information, new skills, teaching Methodology and effective teachers, 68 (13.6%) said teaching methodology while 51 (10.2%) indicated new skills and teaching methodology both. Five main themes were identified from the comments of students regarding curriculum, its development and implementation including; 1. Content revision, 2. Teaching methodologies, 3. Assessment, 4. Guidance and orientation and 5. Teacher student relationship. Conclusion The undergraduate medical students are aware of the terms related to curriculum, its development and implementation but they are not being involved in any of this process. Content revision, clinical integration from initial years, quality assessment and faculty development are few areas that need improvement from students' perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Ehsan
- Sumera Ehsan, MBBS, MPhil, MHPE, PhD Head of Department, Health Professions Education & Research Department (HPERD), Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Ayub
- Ayesha Ayub, MBBS, MME Senior Demonstrator, Health Professions Education & Research Department (HPERD), Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Sadiq
- Ayesha Sadiq, MBBS, MME Assistant Professor Medical, Department of Education, Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Oyefabi AM, Tobin West CI, Ameh S, Jiya EN, Sadiq A, Dauda H, Onoh M. Predictors of mortality among drug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:825-831. [PMID: 37470659 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_734_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Specific death due to DR-TB has significantly contributed to tuberculosis (TB) mortality and overall global deaths. Aim This study examines the predictors of mortality among DR-TB patients in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Subject and Method This was a retrospective longitudinal study of DR-TB mortality carried out among 370 DR-TB patients from the 23 LGAs in Kaduna State. It involves a retrospective review of the MDR-TB records of the patients over a period of 10 years (2012-2021). Demographic and clinical data of all DR-TB patients enrolled in Kaduna State, Nigeria, between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2021, were used. Survival analysis was performed with SPSS version 25, using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression modeling, at 5% significance level. Results The majority of the patients, 255 (68.9%), were below the age of 40 years, while 53 (14.3%) of the patients died within the study period. Most deaths 26 (49.1%) were associated with HIV co-infection and the disease severity. Results for the Cox proportional model show that there was a significantly lower risk of death when a patient had MDR-TB compared to pre-XDR-TB (adjusted hazard ratio, AHR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.16-0.72, P = 0.04). Both models show that age, sex, residence, or year of treatment had no significant association with survival or death. Conclusion HIV co-infection and DRTB with progression to more resistant and difficult-to-treat strains contributed to higher deaths. There is a need for concerted efforts from all DR-TB stakeholders to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Oyefabi
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - C I Tobin West
- College of Health Sciences and School of Public Health, University of Port Harcourt, Minna, Nigeria
| | - S Ameh
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Minna, Nigeria
| | - E N Jiya
- National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Training Centre, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A Sadiq
- Tuberculosis Unit, Kaduna State Ministry of Health, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - H Dauda
- World Health Organization, Niger State Field Office, Minna, Nigeria
| | - M Onoh
- Communicable and Non Communicable Diseases Cluster, World Health Organization, Nigeria
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Zainab L, Ibrar K, Sadiq A, Hamid A, Ullah M, Noor R. Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases-Producing Escherichia coli in Retail Chicken Meat from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103280. [PMID: 35521357 PMCID: PMC9065911 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In human diet, poultry meat is an important component due to the presence of vitamins, proteins and minerals. But poultry meat can be contaminated by pathogenic bacteria which are responsible for food borne infections. The current study was therefore aimed at identification of Escherichia coli, a common pathogen causing food borne infections, in chicken samples (n = 400) collected from three districts of KhyberPukhtunkhwa; Peshawar, Kohat and Nowshera. The isolates were identified by Gram staining, API strips and through PCR (Universal Stress Protein). A total of 174 samples were positive for E. coli among the collected chicken samples. The isolates were resistant to TE, NOR and NA while were sensitive to MEM, TZP and FOS. The results were statistically significant having value P ≤ 0.05 in ANOVA. The isolates showed different antibiotic resistance genes; OXA-1, CTX-M15, blaTEM, QnrS, TetA, AAC, AAD, sul1 and sul2 which is the molecular explanations of their antibiotic resistance pattern. The PCR products were sequenced by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and the results revealed mutations in AAC gene (M120T and R197T) and CTX-M15 (A85V, N122D, A148S and G247D). To prevent and treat pathogenic diseases, the use of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry are of utmost concern. The over-use and misuse of antimicrobial agents has made pathogenic E. coli multi drugs resistant making it a causative agent for many diseases in human beings. The results of the current study may be helpful for the physicians the better management of the diseases caused by E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Zainab
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - K. Ibrar
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
| | - A. Sadiq
- Centre of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - A.K. Hamid
- Institute of Biological Sciences Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Midrar Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - R. Noor
- Department of Pathology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Siddiqui HK, Khan FR, Sadiq A, Hashmi U, Qaiser Z. Predictors of the severity of oral submucous fibrosis among gutka consumers: a regression analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 59:690-694. [PMID: 34078553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is an insidious chronic disease of the oral mucosa that is characterised by severely limited mouth opening, blanching of the oral mucosa, and a burning sensation in the oral cavity. Consumption of betel nut and/or gutka are the known risk factors. We undertook this study to correlate the frequency and duration of gutka intake with the severity of OSMF and to determine the predictors of severe OSMF (mouth opening <20mm). A cross sectional study was conducted on 300 participants (who were known gutka chewers) selected at the Baqai Dental College and Fatima Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Participants' medical and dental histories were recorded. Informed consent was obtained, and clinical oral examination was done. Information regarding the extent of mouth opening, chewing habits, frequency and duration of gutka intake, the site of placing gutka, duration of chewing, and whether they swallowed or spat out the gutka were collected. A standardised questionnaire was used to document the findings. Binary logistic regression was applied using the severity of OSMF (mouth opening <20mm) as an outcome variable. Out of 300 participants, 172 (57.3%) were males; mean (SD) age of the sample was 38.2 (12.3) years. A total of 156 (52%) participants had the habit of chewing gutka, of which 213 (71%) had clinical stage I OSMF, 75 (25%) had stage II, and 12 (4%) had stage III. As per functional staging, 18 (6%) subjects had mouth opening <20mm. Nearly 144 (48%) participants were consuming other forms of tobacco in addition to the gutka. Patients with palpable bands = 232 (77.3%), ulcerative lesions = 212 (70.7%), altered taste sensation = 210 (70%) and altered hunger = 252 (85.7%) were common findings. The duration of gutka intake was found to be positively correlated with the severity of OSMF; however; its frequency was not. Among intraoral findings, the presence of red and white lesions inside the mouth was the most significant predictor of the severity of OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Siddiqui
- Dental Section, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - F R Khan
- Dental Section, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - A Sadiq
- Dental Section, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - U Hashmi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Baqai Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Z Qaiser
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Baqai Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Kingsberg S, Portman D, Clayton A, Revicki D, Jordan R, Sadiq A, Williams L, Krop J. 011 Correlation Between Validated Instruments Used in the RECONNECT Studies. J Sex Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.04.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Rubin R, Moyneur E, Tjoa M, Dea K, Sadiq A, Labrie F, Dury A. 028 Impact of Vaginal Prasterone on the Frequency of Urinary Tract Infections. J Sex Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.04.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Bibi A, Shah T, Sadiq A, Khalid N, Ullah F, Iqbal A. l-Isoleucine-catalyzed Michael Synthesis of N-Alkylsuccinimide Derivatives and Their Antioxidant Activity Assessment. Russ J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428019110174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cappuzzo F, McCleod M, Hussein M, Morabito A, Rittmeyer A, Conter H, Kopp HG, Daniel D, McCune S, Mekhail T, Zer A, Reinmuth N, Sadiq A, Archer V, Ochi Lohmann T, Wang L, Kowanetz M, Lin W, Sandler A, West H. IMpower130: Progression-free survival (PFS) and safety analysis from a randomised phase III study of carboplatin + nab-paclitaxel (CnP) with or without atezolizumab (atezo) as first-line (1L) therapy in advanced non-squamous NSCLC. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy424.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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10
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Durm G, Althouse S, Sadiq A, Jalal S, Jabbour S, Zon R, Kloecker G, Fisher W, Reckamp K, Kio E, Langdon R, Adesunloye B, Gentzler R, Hanna N. OA01.07 Updated Results of a Phase II Trial of Concurrent Chemoradiation with Consolidation Pembrolizumab in Patients with Unresectable Stage III NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rakesh PS, Retheesh R, Chandran R, Sadiq A, Ranjitha S. Out-of-pocket expenditure due to hepatitis A disease: A study from Kollam district, Kerala, India. Indian J Med Res 2018; 146:426-429. [PMID: 29355152 PMCID: PMC5793480 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_275_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P S Rakesh
- Centre for Public Health Protection, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Rahul Retheesh
- Department of Community Medicine, Travancore Medical College, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Rangeen Chandran
- Department of Community Medicine, Travancore Medical College, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - A Sadiq
- Department of Community Medicine, Travancore Medical College, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - S Ranjitha
- Department of Community Medicine, Travancore Medical College, Kollam, Kerala, India
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Hussain SA, Khan NA, Sadiq A, Ahmad F. Simulation, modeling and analysis of master node election algorithm based on signal strength for VANETs through Colored Petri nets. Neural Comput Appl 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-016-2622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Gaballah K, AlKubaysi A, Sadiq A. Aetiology of temporomandibular disorders: do we have support for current treatments? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Spigel D, Dakhil S, Beck J, Sadiq A, Menon S, Webb C, Tsai F, Johnson M, Jones S, Greenlees C, Stults D, Strickland D, Cook C, Mugundu G, Laing N, French T, Burris H. Phase II studies of AZD1775, a WEE1 kinase inhibitor, and chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Lead-in cohort results. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw368.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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15
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Thumma SC, Jacobson BA, Patel MR, Konicek BW, Franklin MJ, Jay-Dixon J, Sadiq A, De A, Graff JR, Kratzke RA. Antisense oligonucleotide targeting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E reduces growth and enhances chemosensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:396-401. [PMID: 26227824 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) enhance translation of many malignancy-related proteins, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), c-Myc and osteopontin. In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), levels of eIF4E are significantly increased compared with normal lung tissue. Here, we used an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to inhibit the expression of eIF4E in NSCLC cell lines. eIF4E levels were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in NSCLC cells treated with eIF4E-specific ASO (4EASO) compared with control ASO. Treatment of NSCLC cells with the 4EASO resulted in decreased cap-dependent complex formation, decreased cell proliferation and increased sensitivity to gemcitabine. At the molecular level, repression of eIF4E with ASO resulted in decreased expression of the oncogenic proteins VEGF, c-Myc and osteopontin, whereas expression of β-actin was unaffected. Based on these findings, we conclude that eIF4E-silencing therapy alone or in conjunction with chemotherapy represents a promising approach deserving of further investigation in future NSCLC clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Thumma
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - B A Jacobson
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M R Patel
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - B W Konicek
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - M J Franklin
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J Jay-Dixon
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A Sadiq
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A De
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - J R Graff
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - R A Kratzke
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Brimberg L, Sadiq A, Gregersen PK, Diamond B. Brain-reactive IgG correlates with autoimmunity in mothers of a child with an autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:1171-7. [PMID: 23958959 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It is believed that in utero environmental factors contribute to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The goal of this study was to demonstrate, using the largest cohort reported so far, that mothers of an ASD child have an elevated frequency of anti-brain antibodies and to assess whether brain reactivity is associated with an autoimmune diathesis of the mother. We screened plasma of 2431 mothers of an ASD child from Simon Simplex Collection and plasma of 653 unselected women of child-bearing age for anti-brain antibodies using immunohistology on mouse brain. Positive and negative plasma from mothers with an ASD child were analyzed for anti-nuclear antibodies and for autoimmune disorders. Mothers of an ASD child were four times more likely to harbor anti-brain antibodies than unselected women of child-bearing age (10.5 vs 2.6%). A second cohort from The Autism Genetic Resource Exchange with multiplex families displayed an 8.8% prevalence of anti-brain antibodies in the mothers of these families. Fifty-three percent of these mothers with anti-brain antibodies also exhibited anti-nuclear autoantibodies compared with 13.4% of mothers of an ASD child without anti-brain antibodies and 15% of control women of child-bearing age. The analysis of ASD mothers with brain-reactive antibodies also revealed an increased prevalence of autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This study provides robust evidence that brain-reactive antibodies are increased in mothers of an ASD child and may be associated with autoimmunity. The current study serves as a benchmark and justification for studying the potential pathogenicity of these antibodies on the developing brain. The detailed characterization of the specificity of these antibodies will provide practical benefits for the management and prevention of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brimberg
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chadha
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
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Amadasun FE, Adudu OP, Sadiq A. Effects of position and phonation on oropharyngeal view and correlation with laryngoscpic view. Niger J Clin Pract 2010; 13:417-420. [PMID: 21220857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of phonation and various head and body positions on oropharyngeal view (Mallampati score), and the correlation of these with laryngoscopic view, using the Cormack and Lehane score. METHODOLOGY Four hundred (390) consecutive patients were evaluated in the wards during preoperative anaesthetic review. During airway assessment, the patients were placed in various head and body positions to determine oropharyngeal structures visualized, with and without phonation, according to the Mallampati test score. In the operating theatre, laryngoscopic view scores (according to Cormack and Lehane) were recorded, and the various scores analyzed. RESULTS Phonation consistently improved the Mallampati scores in all the head and body positions. The scores were better in the supine position compared to the sitting position. The best correlation of the Mallampati score with the Cormack and Lehane score was in the sitting, head maximally extended position, without phonation. Extention of the head improved the score in the sitting position, but not in the supine position. Phonation reduced the correlation of the scores in all the positions. CONCLUSION We conclude that the best position to conduct the Mallampati test is sitting, head maximally extended, without phonation. This correlated best with laryngoscopic view score in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- F E Amadasun
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
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Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Astragalus beckari yielded four flavonol aglycones, namely kaempferol, quercetin, 5-deoxy kaempferol and fisitin. These isolated compounds were then synthesised in the laboratory using the Algar-Flyn-Oyamad reaction. Antioxidant activity of both the isolated and synthesised flavonoids was compared using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay method. The isolated flavonoids were found to be more active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurangzeb Hasan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Javaid A, Hasan R, Zafar A, Ghafoor A, Pathan AJ, Rab A, Sadiq A, Akram CM, Burki I, Shah K, Ansari M, Rizvi N, Khan SU, Awan SR, Syed ZA, Iqbal ZH, Shaheen Z, ur Rehman N. Prevalence of primary multidrug resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs in Pakistan. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12:326-331. [PMID: 18284840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
SETTING Pakistan ranks sixth in the world in terms of tuberculosis (TB) burden, with a World Health Organization estimated incidence of 181 per 100000, or 286000 new cases annually. Hospital-based data indicate a significant problem of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in the country and highlight the need to assess its extent at community level. In this cross-sectional study, sputum samples from 742 untreated newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients from all over the country were used. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of primary drug resistance in Pakistan. RESULTS Of 672 culture-positive patients, 76 (11.3%) showed resistance to one or more drugs. Resistance to streptomycin (10 microg/ml) was found in 36 (5.4%) patients, isoniazid (INH) (1 microg/ml) in 51 (7.6%), rifampicin (RMP) (5 microg/ml) in 15 (2.2%), ethambutol (10 microg/ml) in 12 (1.8%) and pyrazinamide in 22 (3.3%) samples. Forty-six (6.8%) of the isolates tested were resistant to a single drug, 10 (1.5%) to two drugs, 12 (1.8%) to three drugs, and 6 (0.9%) to four drugs, while 2 (0.3%) isolates were resistant to all five first-line agents. Primary MDR-TB was 1.8% (n=12) (INH 1 microg/ml, RMP 5 microg/ml). CONCLUSION The results of this study show a prevalence of primary MDR-TB in Pakistan of <2%, which needs to be addressed through an effective DOTS strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Javaid
- Department of Pulmonology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan.
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Sadiq A, Duara R, Iyer PA, Krishnamanohar SR, Jayakumar K. Anomalous left pulmonary artery from ascending aorta in Tetralogy of Fallot: Diagnostic dilemmas and management problems. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-006-0562-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Iyer A, Sadiq A, Haridas A, Malempatti A, Bansal N, Shvamkrishnan KG, Krishna Manohar SR, Jayakumar K. Experience of surgery for sinus venousus ASD with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the superior venacava. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-006-0533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Shyamkrishnan KG, Sadiq A, Krishna MSR, Jayakumar K. Surgical outcome of simple repair for congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries at mid-term follow up. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-006-0560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ahmed S, Sadiq A, Siddiqui AK, Lipton RA, Mattana J. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: a rare cause of thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected hemophiliacs. Ann Hematol 2003; 83:253-5. [PMID: 14513287 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-003-0751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2003] [Accepted: 07/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a common complication in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected hemophiliacs. The etiology is multifactorial and a majority of the patients with hemophilia exhibit a decreased platelet count within 10 years of seroconversion. Thrombocytopenia in these patients is associated with a high risk of bleeding and death. Thrombotic microangiopathy causing thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected hemophiliacs is extremely rare. We describe an HIV-infected hemophilic patient who presented with bleeding, renal insufficiency, and thrombocytopenia. Platelet transfusion resulted in deterioration of clinical condition. Examination of blood smears demonstrated a microangiopathic process. The patient responded well to plasmapheresis with normalization of platelet and renal function. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura should be suspected in HIV-infected hemophiliacs who present with a new onset of thrombocytopenia and anemia as delay in treatment may result in fatal sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
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Tazi K, el Fassi J, Sadiq A, Karmouni T, Koutani A, Attya AI, Hachimi M, Lakrissa A. [Major renal trauma: report of 18 cases]. Ann Urol (Paris) 2000; 34:249-53. [PMID: 10994144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The authors report a retrospective study concerning 18 patients having major renal trauma. The patients study group was comprised of 11 males (61%) and seven females (39%) with a mean age of 23 years. The etiologic agents were traffic accident (eight cases), falls (five cases) and stab wounds (five cases). Gross hematuria was present in all the patients. After radiologic investigations the renal injuries were classified according to the American Association for Surgery of Trauma. Two patients were in stage V, seven in stage IV and nine in stage III. Three patients were operated in emergency for hemodynamic instability, two had a total nephrectomy and one a partial nephrectomy. Five patients underwent surgery between the 5th and 7th day, three had a suture of the renal parenchyma under a nephrostomy, one a partial nephrectomy and the third a total nephrectomy. Two patients had only a urinary drainage by placement of an ureteral stent in order to diminish the urohematoma. Eight patients were treated conservatively and all were in stage III. The mean retreat was 16 months. There was no mortality and among the eight patients who underwent surgery, none had complications, aside from two wound infections. The patients who were managed conservatively had good progression; they all had a control by computed tomography which showed that the urohematoma had decreased. None of the patients developed hypertension or infection of the urohematoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tazi
- Service d'urologie B, hôpital Avicenne, Rabat, Maroc
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von Seidlein L, Milligan P, Pinder M, Bojang K, Anyalebechi C, Gosling R, Coleman R, Ude JI, Sadiq A, Duraisingh M, Warhurst D, Alloueche A, Targett G, McAdam K, Greenwood B, Walraven G, Olliaro P, Doherty T. Efficacy of artesunate plus pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine for uncomplicated malaria in Gambian children: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2000; 355:352-7. [PMID: 10665554 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(99)10237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to cheap effective antimalarial drugs, especially to pyrimethaminesulphadoxine (Fansidar), is likely to have a striking impact on childhood mortality in sub-Sharan Africa. The use of artesunate (artesunic acid) [corrected] in combination with pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine may delay or prevent resistance. We investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of this combined treatment. METHODS We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in The Gambia. 600 children with acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria, aged 6 months to 10 years, at five health centres were randomly assigned pyrimethaminesulphadoxine (25 mg/500 mg) with placebo; pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine plus one dose of artesunate (4mg/kg bodyweight); or pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine plus one dose 4 mg/kg bodyweight artesunate daily for 3 days. Children were visited at home each day after the start of treatment until parasitaemia had cleared. FINDINGS The combined treatment was well tolerated. No adverse reactions attributable to treatment were recorded. By day 1, only 178 (47%) of 381 children treated with artesunate were still parasitaemic, compared with 157 (81%) of 195 children in the pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine alone group (relative risk 1.7 [95% CI 1.5-2.0], p<0.001). Treatment-failure rates at day 14 were 3.1% in the pyrimethamine sulphadoxine alone group, and 3.7% in the one-dose artesunate group (risk difference -0.6% [-4.2 to 3.0]) and 1.6% in the three-dose group (1.5 [1.5-4.5], p=0.048). Symptoms resolved faster in children who received artesunate, but there was no additional benefit for three doses of artesunate over one dose. Children given artesunate were less likely to be gametocytaemic after treatment. INTERPRETATION The combined treatment was safe, well tolerated, and effective. The addition of artesunate to malaria treatment regimens in Africa results in lower gametocyte rates and may lower transmission rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- L von Seidlein
- Farafenni Field Station, Medical Research Council Laboratories, The Gambia.
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Garrick M, Scott D, Walpole S, Finkelstein E, Whitbred J, Chopra S, Trivikram L, Mayes D, Rhodes D, Cabbagestalk K, Oklu R, Sadiq A, Mascia B, Hoke J, Garrick L. Iron supplementation moderates but does not cure the Belgrade anemia. Biometals 1997; 10:65-76. [PMID: 9210290 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018370804882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Belgrade rats inherit microcytic, hypochromic anemia as an autosomal recessive trait (gene symbol b). Erythrocytes and tissue are iron deficient in the face of elevated TIBC (total iron binding capacity) and percent iron saturation; iron injections increased the number of erythrocytes but their appearance remained abnormal. We have investigated iron supplements to improve husbandry of b/b rats and to learn more about the underlying defect and its tissue distribution. Weekly i.m. (intramuscular) injections of iron-dextran (Imferon at 30 mg kg-1) improved the anemia but did not alter the red cell morphology. Certain diets also improved the health of b/b rats when compared to standard rat chows by the criteria of weight, survival to adulthood, hematology and reproduction. The critical nutritional factor turned out to be iron bioavailability, with ferrous iron added to the diet improving the health of Belgrade rats without affecting the underlying erythroid defect. Tissue iron measurements after dietary or parenteral supplementation confirmed the iron deficient status of untreated b/b rats and established that dietary ferrous iron partially relieved this deficiency, with injections leading to greater amounts of tissue iron. Serum iron and TIBC were also found to be elevated in untreated b/b rats, with dietary supplementation decreasing but not eliminating the elevation in TIBC. These studies indicate that iron supplements can improve the health of b/b rats without altering the underlying defect and also suggest that the mutation could alter iron uptake in the GI (gastrointestinal) tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Garrick
- Department of Biochemistry, SUNY, Buffalo 14214-3000, USA.
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