1
|
Taubert R, Engel B. [Treatment of autoimmune hepatitis-First-line, second-line and third-line treatment]. Inn Med (Heidelb) 2024; 65:325-333. [PMID: 38456902 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-024-01679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare autoimmune inflammation of the liver mostly with a chronic course, which can also be acutely manifested up to acute liver failure. It affects women 3-4 times more frequently than men and can be diagnosed in all age groups. In one third of the patients a liver cirrhosis is present at the time of diagnosis. It is characterized by a hepatic inflammation pattern, a polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia of immunoglobulin G and the detection of autoantibodies. A liver biopsy is necessary to make the diagnosis. The AIH is histologically characterized in particular by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in the portal fields. In cases with a relevant disease activity, AIH is typically treated by immunosuppression. The immunosuppressive treatment is associated with a prevention of disease progression to liver cirrhosis and a better survival. The success of treatment is measured by achieving biochemical remission, i.e., normalization of the transaminase and immunoglobulin G levels as a good noninvasive predictor of a histological remission. Another treatment target is an improvement of the symptoms of the patient. The first-line treatment consists of a glucocorticoid, mostly prednisolone or in cases without advanced fibrosis budesonide, and azothioprine. For reduction of steroid-specific treatment side effects the maintenance treatment should be carried out steroid-free whenever possible. In cases of insufficient response to azothioprine or side effects a treatment attempt using antimetabolites, such as 6‑mercaptopurine or mycophenolate mofetil is primarily carried out as second-line treatment. For patients who do not achieve biochemical remission through first-line or second-line treatment, a variety of medications are available for third-line treatment, e.g., rituximab, calcineurin inhibitors or antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) antibodies. Third-line treatment should be carried out in expert centers and registered in the European Reference Network for Rare Liver Diseases in order to improve the currently sparse database for these forms of treatment in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Taubert
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
| | - Bastian Engel
- Klinik für Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie, Infektiologie und Endokrinologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Taubert R, Engel B, Campos-Murguia A. Commentary: Antibodies against multiple post-translationally modified proteins aid in diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis and associate with complete biochemical response to treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1275838. [PMID: 37809342 PMCID: PMC10552264 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1275838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Engel B, Görzer I, Campos-Murguia A, Hartleben B, Puchhammer-Stöckl E, Jaeckel E, Taubert R. Association of torque teno virus viremia with liver fibrosis in the first year after liver transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1215868. [PMID: 37533865 PMCID: PMC10392936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Torque teno virus (TTV) replication is controlled by immune status, mirroring a degree of immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation. TTV viraemia (TTVv) was associated with acute cellular rejection and infection within the first year after liver transplantation (LT). Long-term data on TTV after LT and correlation with graft injury from protocol biopsies are limited. Methods One hundred plasma samples paired with graft biopsies from a prospective single-center biorepository were analyzed. Results The median time post-LT was 23 months (range, 2-298). TTVv was detectable in 97%. TTVv decreased over time after LT and showed a significant decline from year 1 to later time points. Hence, TTVv correlated negatively with histologic liver fibrosis (liver allograft fibrosis and Ishak scores) and positively with the overall immunosuppression degree quantified by an immunosuppression score in the first year after LT. There was no association with dosages or trough levels of single immunosuppressants. The pharmacodynamic marker TTVv did not correlate with pharmacokinetic assessments of immunosuppression degree [calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) trough levels or immunosuppressant dosages]-our clinical gold standards to guide immunosuppressive therapy. TTVv was independently associated with histologically proven liver fibrosis after LT in the first year after LT in multivariate analysis. Discussion The independent association of histological graft fibrosis with lower TTVv in year 1 underscores that a pharmacodynamic marker would be preferable to individualize immunosuppression after LT. However, a high variability of TTVv at the low immunosuppression doses given after the first year precludes TTV as a clinically useful marker after LT in the long-term liver transplant recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Irene Görzer
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alejandro Campos-Murguia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Hartleben
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Campos-Murguia A, Henjes N, Loges S, Wedemeyer H, Jaeckel E, Taubert R, Engel B. Evaluation of immunoserological detection of anti-liver kidney microsomal, anti-soluble liver antigen and anti-mitochondrial antibodies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10038. [PMID: 37340049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies are the diagnostic hallmark of autoimmune liver diseases. Indirect immunofluorescence (IFT) is the reference method for the detection of anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) and anti-liver kidney microsomal type-1 (anti-LKM1) antibodies, and inhibition ELISA (iELISA) for anti-soluble liver antigen (anti-SLA) antibodies. Given the complexity of these techniques, commercial ELISAs have emerged as a practical alternative, but without head-to-head validations. This study evaluated the agreement between three commercial ELISAs and the reference techniques and the impact of polyreactive immunoglobulin G (pIgG), a recently described phenomenon in autoimmune hepatitis, on commercial ELISAs. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Cohen-Kappa coefficient (κ). Forty-eight, 46, and 66 samples were analyzed for AMA, anti-LKM1, and anti-SLA, respectively. For AMA, one commercial assay showed high agreement (κ = 0.91 (0.78-1.00)) with the reference method, while the other two showed weak or moderate agreement. For anti-LKM1, only one commercial assay showed high agreement (κ = 0.86 (0.71-1.0)). For anti-SLA antibodies only moderate agreement was achieved (κ up to 0.71 (0.52-0.89)). There was a trend towards higher pIgG levels in false-positives in the commercial ELISAs. Patients with high suspicion of autoimmune liver diseases should be referred to reference laboratories with the capacity of performing gold standard methods if the initial ELISA-based screening was performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Campos-Murguia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the European Reference Network for Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Henjes
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the European Reference Network for Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Loges
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the European Reference Network for Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the European Reference Network for Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the European Reference Network for Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
- Ajmera Transplant Center, Toronto General Hospital, United Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Member of the European Reference Network for Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Member of the European Reference Network for Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Engel B, Falk Villesen I, Fisker Nielsen MJ, Karsdal M, Taubert R, Jaeckel E, Leeming DJ. Quantification of extracellular matrix remodeling for the non-invasive identification of graft fibrosis after liver transplantation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6103. [PMID: 37055472 PMCID: PMC10101979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting patients with early post-transplant fibrosis after liver transplantation (LT) is very important. Non-invasive tests are needed to avoid liver biopsies. We aimed to detect fibrosis in liver transplant recipients (LTR) using extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling biomarkers. ECM biomarkers for type III (PRO-C3), IV (PRO-C4), VI (PRO-C6) and XVIII (PRO-C18L) collagen formation and type IV collagen degradation (C4M) were measured by ELISA in prospectively collected, cryopreserved plasma samples (n = 100) of LTR with paired liver biopsies from a protocol biopsy program. Fibrosis ≥ F2 was present in 29% of patients (median 44 months post-LT). APRI and FIB-4 neither identified significant fibrosis nor were correlated with histopathological fibrosis scores, while ECM biomarkers (AUCs 0.67-0.74) did. The median levels of PRO-C3 (15.7 vs. 11.6 ng/ml; p = 0.002) and C4M (22.9 vs. 11.6 ng/ml; p = 0.006) levels were elevated in T-cell-mediated rejection compared to normal graft function. The median levels of PRO-C4 (178.9 vs. 151.8 ng/ml; p = 0.009) and C4M (18.9 vs. 16.8 ng/ml; p = 0.004) levels were increased if donor-specific antibodies were present. PRO-C6 had the highest sensitivity (100%), NPV (100%) and negative likelihood-ratio (0) for graft fibrosis. To conclude, ECM biomarkers are helpful in identifying patients at risk of relevant graft fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | | | | | - Morten Karsdal
- Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectious Diseases and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, United Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Engel B, Jaeckel E, Taubert R. 2022 International autoimmune hepatitis group non-response criteria in autoimmune hepatitis: Quick vs. slow responders. J Hepatol 2023; 78:e113-e114. [PMID: 36243178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Member of the European Reference Network for Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Member of the European Reference Network for Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Member of the European Reference Network for Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Engel B, Jaeckel E, Taubert R. No association of serum ferritin levels with advanced liver fibrosis in untreated German patients with autoimmune hepatitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:528. [PMID: 36536273 PMCID: PMC9764512 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the January 2022 issue of BMC Gastroenterology, Chen et al. report an association between serum ferritin levels and the presence of advanced liver fibrosis in patients with treatment-naïve autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The odds ratio for ferritin in this study was marginally above 1.0. We analyzed our own published data from a German cohort for an association between ferritin levels and the presence of advanced fibrosis in treatment-naïve AIH and were not able to validate the findings of Cheng et al.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Engel
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Street 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany ,Member of the European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hannover, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Street 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany ,Member of the European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hannover, Germany ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Present Address: Ajmera Transplant Center, Toronto General Hospital, United Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard Taubert
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Street 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany ,Member of the European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Codoni G, Kirchner T, Engel B, Villamil AM, Efe C, Stättermayer AF, Weltzsch JP, Sebode M, Bernsmeier C, Lleo A, Gevers TJG, Kupčinskas L, Castiella A, Pinazo J, De Martin E, Bobis I, Sandahl TD, Pedica F, Invernizzi F, Del Poggio P, Bruns T, Kolev M, Semmo N, Bessone F, Giguet B, Poggi G, Ueno M, Jang H, Elpek GÖ, Soylu NK, Cerny A, Wedemeyer H, Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G, Lucena MI, Andrade RJ, Zen Y, Taubert R, Beretta-Piccoli BT. Histological and serological features of acute liver injury after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. JHEP Rep 2022; 5:100605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
9
|
Yang T, Poenisch M, Khanal R, Hu Q, Dai Z, Li R, Song G, Yuan Q, Yao Q, Shen X, Taubert R, Engel B, Jaeckel E, Vogel A, Falk CS, Schambach A, Gerovska D, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Vondran FWR, Cantz T, Horscroft N, Balakrishnan A, Chevessier F, Ott M, Sharma AD. Corrigendum to 'Therapeutic HNF4A mRNA attenuates liver fibrosis in a preclinical model' [J Hepatol (2021) 1420-1433]. J Hepatol 2022; 77:270. [PMID: 35397937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taihua Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Research Group Liver Regeneration, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Present address of TY: Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Rajendra Khanal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Research Group Liver Regeneration, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Qingluan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zhen Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Research Group Liver Regeneration, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruomeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Research Group Liver Regeneration, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guangqi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Qunyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xizhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Daniela Gerovska
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Cantz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nigel Horscroft
- CureVac AG, Tübingen, Germany; Present address of NH: MRM Health NV, Technologie park-Zwijnaarde 94, 9052 Gent; Belgium
| | - Asha Balakrishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Research Group Liver Regeneration, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Woelders H, de Wit AAC, Engel B, Hulsegge B, Grasseau I, Blesbois E, Bernal B, Santiago-Moreno J. Freezing chicken semen: Influence of base medium osmolality, cryoprotectants, cryoprotectant concentration, and cooling rate on post-thaw sperm survival. Cryobiology 2022; 108:67-77. [PMID: 35777425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A classical chicken semen diluent (Lake's 7.1 diluent) was modified to have lowered osmolalities (ranging from 290-410 mOsm/kg). The modified medium with physiological osmolality of 325 mOsm/kg allowed cold storage of fresh semen for several days with very little loss of membrane integrity and motility, while high osmolalities inhibited motility. This modified medium was then used as base for freezing medium to test effects of the type and concentration of cryoprotective agent (CPA), and the cooling rate (CR). A number of CPAs (methylformamide, methylacetamide, dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide (DMA), diethylformamide, and propylene glycol) were first compared by freezing semen with 0.6 mol/l of the respective CPA at a cooling rate of 250°C/min. Post-thaw motility and membrane integrity were highest with DMA and DMF. Finally, in more detailed factorial experiments, semen from individual cocks or pooled semen was frozen using CRs of 4, 50, 250, and 440 °C/min and DMA concentrations ([DMA]) of 0.4, 0.6, 1.0, and 1.5 mol/l. Straws from each semen sample x treatment combination were divided for semen assessment at three different research groups for sperm motility, membrane integrity, kinked tails, and DNA fragmentation, using microscopy, computer assisted motility analysis, and flow cytometry. There were clear effects of both CR and [DMA] and their interaction. CRs 50 and 250°C/min gave best post-thaw sperm performance. Higher DMA concentrations gave better post-thaw membrane integrity, but concentrations above 1.0 mol/l can decrease sperm velocity or even inhibit sperm motility. Therefore [DMA] may best be 0.6-1.0 mol/l at a CR of 50-250°C/min.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Woelders
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A A C de Wit
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Hulsegge
- Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - I Grasseau
- INRAe 0085 UMR PRC INRAe -CNRS-University François Rabelais-Haras Nationaux, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - E Blesbois
- INRAe 0085 UMR PRC INRAe -CNRS-University François Rabelais-Haras Nationaux, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - B Bernal
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, INIA, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Crossley R, Bokkers E, Browne N, Sugrue K, Kennedy E, Engel B, Conneely M. Risk factors associated with the welfare of grazing dairy cows in spring-calving, hybrid pasture-based systems. Prev Vet Med 2022; 204:105640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
12
|
Pape S, Snijders RJALM, Gevers TJG, Chazouilleres O, Dalekos GN, Hirschfield GM, Lenzi M, Trauner M, Manns MP, Vierling JM, Montano-Loza AJ, Lohse AW, Schramm C, Drenth JPH, Heneghan MA, Alvarez F, Andrade R, Arikan C, Assis D, Bardou-Jacquet E, Biewenga M, Cancado E, Cazzagon N, Chazouillères O, Colloredo G, Cuarterolo M, Dalekos G, Debray D, Robles-Díaz M, Drenth J, Dyson J, Efe C, Engel B, Ferri S, Fontana R, Gatselis N, Gerussi A, Halilbasic E, Halliday N, Heneghan M, Hirschfield G, van Hoek B, Hørby Jørgensen M, Indolfini G, Iorio R, Jeong S, Jones D, Kelly D, Kerkar N, Lacaille F, Lammert C, Leggett B, Lenzi M, Levy C, Liberal R, Lleo A, Lohse A, Ines Lopez S, de Martin E, McLin V, Mieli-Vergani G, Milkiewicz P, Mohan N, Muratori L, Nebbia G, van Nieuwkerk C, Oo Y, Ortega A, Páres A, Pop T, Pratt D, Purnak T, Ranucci G, Rushbrook S, Schramm C, Stättermayer A, Swain M, Tanaka A, Taubert R, Terrabuio D, Terziroli B, Trauner M, Valentino P, van den Brand F, Villamil A, Wahlin S, Ytting H, Zachou K, Zeniya M. Systematic review of response criteria and endpoints in autoimmune hepatitis by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group. J Hepatol 2022; 76:841-849. [PMID: 35066089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has been well characterised and codified through the development of diagnostic criteria. These criteria have been adapted and simplified and are widely used in clinical practice. However, there is a need to update and precisely define the criteria for both treatment response and treatment. METHODS A systematic review was performed and a modified Delphi consensus process was used to identify and redefine the response criteria in autoimmune hepatitis. RESULTS The consensus process initiated by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group proposes that the term 'complete biochemical response' defined as 'normalization of serum transaminases and IgG below the upper limit of normal' be adopted to include a time point at 6 months after initiation of treatment. An insufficient response by 6 months was a failure to meet the above definition. Non-response was defined as '<50% decrease of serum transaminases within 4 weeks after initiation of treatment'. Remission is defined as liver histology with a Hepatitis Activity Index <4/18. Intolerance to treatment was agreed to stand for 'any adverse event possibly related to treatment leading to potential drug discontinuation'. CONCLUSIONS These definitions provide a simple and reproducible framework to define treatment response and non-response, irrespective of the therapeutic intervention. A consensus on endpoints is urgently required to set a global standard for the reporting of study results and to enable inter-study comparisons. Future prospective database studies are needed to validate these endpoints. LAY SUMMARY Consensus among international experts on response criteria and endpoints in autoimmune hepatitis is lacking. A consensus on endpoints is urgently required to set a global standard for the reporting of study results and to enable the comparison of results between clinical trials. Therefore, the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) herein presents a statement on 5 agreed response criteria and endpoints: complete biochemical response, insufficient response, non-response, remission, and intolerance to treatment, which can be used to guide future reporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pape
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Romée J A L M Snijders
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Tom J G Gevers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6229HX, The Netherlands; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Oliver Chazouilleres
- Hepatology Department, Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis, Saint-Antoine Hospital Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - George N Dalekos
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, University of Thessaly Medical School, Larissa, Greece
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marco Lenzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - John M Vierling
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aldo J Montano-Loza
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- 1(st) Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Christoph Schramm
- 1(st) Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Martin Zeitz Centre for Rare Diseases, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Michael A Heneghan
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER).
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Saunders EA, Engel B, Höfer A, Hartleben B, Vondran FWR, Richter N, Potthoff A, Zender S, Wedemeyer H, Jaeckel E, Taubert R. Outcome and safety of a surveillance biopsy guided personalized immunosuppression program after liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:519-531. [PMID: 34455702 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Graft survival beyond year 1 has not changed after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) over the last decades. Likewise, OLT causes comorbidities such as infection, renal impairment and cancer. We evaluated our single-center real-world individualized immunosuppression program after OLT, based on 211 baseline surveillance biopsies (svLbx) without any procedural complications. Patients were classified as low, intermediate and high rejection risk based on graft injury in svLbx and anti-HLA donor-specific antibodies. While 32% of patients had minimal histological inflammation, 57% showed histological inflammation and 23% advanced fibrosis (>F2), which was not predicted by lab parameters. IS was modified in 79% of patients after svLbx. After immunosuppression reduction in 69 patients, only 5 patients showed ALT elevations and three of these patients had a biopsy-proven acute rejection, two of them related to lethal comorbidities. The rate of liver enzyme elevation including rejection was not significantly increased compared to a svLbx control cohort prior to the initiation of our structured program. Immunosuppression reduction led to significantly better kidney function compared to this control cohort. In conclusion, a biopsy guided personalized immunosuppression protocol after OLT can identify patients requiring lower immunosuppression or patients with graft injury in which IS should not be further reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Saunders
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Höfer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Hartleben
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Richter
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrej Potthoff
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steffen Zender
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Taubert R, Engel B, Diestelhorst J, Hupa-Breier KL, Behrendt P, Baerlecken NT, Sühs KW, Janik MK, Zachou K, Sebode M, Schramm C, Londoño MC, Habes S, Oo YH, Lalanne C, Pape S, Schubert M, Hust M, Dübel S, Thevis M, Jonigk D, Beimdiek J, Buettner FFR, Drenth JPH, Muratori L, Adams DH, Dyson JK, Renand A, Graupera I, Lohse AW, Dalekos GN, Milkiewicz P, Stangel M, Maasoumy B, Witte T, Wedemeyer H, Manns MP, Jaeckel E. Quantification of polyreactive immunoglobulin G facilitates the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2022; 75:13-27. [PMID: 34473365 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Detection of autoantibodies is a mainstay of diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). However, conventional autoantibodies for the workup of AIH lack either sensitivity or specificity, leading to substantial diagnostic uncertainty. We aimed to identify more accurate serological markers of AIH with a protein macroarray. APPROACH AND RESULTS During the search for more-precise autoantibodies to distinguish AIH from non-AIH liver diseases (non-AIH-LD), IgG antibodies with binding capacities to many human and foreign proteins were identified with a protein macroarray and confirmed with solid-phase ELISAs in AIH patients. Subsequently, polyreactive IgG (pIgG) was exemplarily quantified by reactivity against human huntingtin-interacting protein 1-related protein in bovine serum albumin blocked ELISA (HIP1R/BSA). The diagnostic fidelity of HIP1R/BSA binding pIgG to diagnose AIH was assessed in a retrospective training, a retrospective multicenter validation, and a prospective validation cohort in cryoconserved samples from 1,568 adults from 10 centers from eight countries. Reactivity against HIP1R/BSA had a 25% and 14% higher specificity to diagnose AIH than conventional antinuclear and antismooth muscle antibodies, a significantly higher sensitivity than liver kidney microsomal antibodies and antisoluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antigen, and a 12%-20% higher accuracy than conventional autoantibodies. Importantly, HIP1R/BSA reactivity was present in up to 88% of patients with seronegative AIH and in up to 71% of AIH patients with normal IgG levels. Under therapy, pIgG returns to background levels of non-AIH-LD. CONCLUSIONS pIgG could be used as a promising marker to improve the diagnostic workup of liver diseases with a higher specificity for AIH compared to conventional autoantibodies and a utility in autoantibody-negative AIH. Likewise, pIgG could be a major source of assay interference in untreated AIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Diestelhorst
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina L Hupa-Breier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Behrendt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany.,German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| | - Niklas T Baerlecken
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Maciej K Janik
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kalliopi Zachou
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Marcial Sebode
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.,Martin Zeitz Centre for Rare Diseases, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - María-Carlota Londoño
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Habes
- Hépato-Gastro-entérologie et Assistance Nutritionnelle, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Ye H Oo
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,Centre for Liver and Gastro Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Medical School, National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK.,Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claudine Lalanne
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simon Pape
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maren Schubert
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Hust
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Dübel
- Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mario Thevis
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Beimdiek
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Falk F R Buettner
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luigi Muratori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - David H Adams
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,Centre for Liver and Gastro Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Medical School, National Institute of Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK.,Liver Transplant and Hepatobiliary Unit, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jessica K Dyson
- Liver Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amédée Renand
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Isabel Graupera
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - George N Dalekos
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Martin Stangel
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Benjamin Maasoumy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Witte
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany.,Department for Liver Transplantation, University Health Network of the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Marcato F, van den Brand H, Kemp B, Engel B, Schnabel SK, Hoorweg FA, Wolthuis-Fillerup M, van Reenen K. Effects of transport age and calf and maternal characteristics on health and performance of veal calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1452-1468. [PMID: 34955258 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate effects of calf transport age (14 vs. 28 d) and calf (e.g., sex and breed) and dam characteristics (e.g., parity and ease of birth) on health and performance of veal calves until slaughter age. Calves (n = 683) originated from 13 dairy farms in the Netherlands and were transported at either 14 or 28 d of age from the dairy farm to 8 Dutch veal farms. A health assessment of calves was performed on a weekly basis at the dairy farm and in wk 2, 10, 18, and 24 at the veal farm. Body weight of calves was measured on a weekly basis at the dairy farm and upon arrival at the veal farm. At the veal farm, use of antibiotics and other medicines during the rearing period (both at herd and individual level) was recorded and carcass weights were obtained from the slaughterhouse. Body weight upon arrival (Δ = 11.8 kg) and carcass weight at slaughter (Δ = 14.8 kg) were greater, and mortality risk (Δ = -3.1%) and prevalence of animals treated with medicines other than antibiotics (e.g., antiinflammatories, multivitamins, and anticoccidial drugs; Δ = -5.4%) were lower in calves transported at 28 d compared with calves transported at 14 d. Crossbreds other than Belgian Blue × Holstein Friesian received a higher number of individual treatments with antibiotics and other medicines (Δ = 14.8% and Δ = 15.1%, respectively) at the veal farm compared with Belgian Blue × Holstein Friesian calves. These findings suggest that calves transported at 28 d were more robust compared with calves transported at 14 d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Marcato
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S K Schnabel
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - F A Hoorweg
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Wolthuis-Fillerup
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K van Reenen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang T, Poenisch M, Khanal R, Hu Q, Dai Z, Li R, Song G, Yuan Q, Yao Q, Shen X, Taubert R, Engel B, Jaeckel E, Vogel A, Falk CS, Schambach A, Gerovska D, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Vondran FWR, Cantz T, Horscroft N, Balakrishnan A, Chevessier F, Ott M, Sharma AD. Therapeutic HNF4A mRNA attenuates liver fibrosis in a preclinical model. J Hepatol 2021; 75:1420-1433. [PMID: 34453962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Therapeutic targeting of injuries that require transient restoration of proteins by mRNA delivery is an attractive approach that, until recently, has remained poorly explored. In this study, we examined the therapeutic utility of mRNA delivery for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Specifically, we aimed to demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of human hepatocyte nuclear factor alpha (HNF4A) mRNA in mouse models of fibrosis and cirrhosis. METHODS We investigated restoration of hepatocyte functions by HNF4A mRNA transfection in vitro, and analyzed the attenuation of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in multiple mouse models, by delivering hepatocyte-targeted biodegradable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) encapsulating HNF4A mRNA. To identify potential mechanisms of action, we performed microarray-based gene expression profiling, single-cell RNA sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. We used primary liver cells and human liver buds for additional functional validation. RESULTS Expression of HNF4A mRNA led to restoration of the metabolic activity of fibrotic primary murine and human hepatocytes in vitro. Repeated in vivo delivery of LNP-encapsulated HNF4A mRNA induced a robust inhibition of fibrogenesis in 4 independent mouse models of hepatotoxin- and cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, we discovered that paraoxonase 1 is a direct target of HNF4A and it contributes to HNF4A-mediated attenuation of liver fibrosis via modulation of liver macrophages and hepatic stellate cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings provide the first direct preclinical evidence of the applicability of HNF4A mRNA therapeutics for the treatment of fibrosis in the liver. LAY SUMMARY Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis remain unmet medical needs and contribute to high mortality worldwide. Herein, we take advantage of a promising therapeutic approach to treat liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. We demonstrate that restoration of a key gene, HNF4A, via mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles decreased injury in multiple mouse models of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Our study provides proof-of-concept that mRNA therapy is a promising strategy for reversing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taihua Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Research Group Liver Regeneration, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Present address of TY, Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, , China
| | | | - Rajendra Khanal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Research Group Liver Regeneration, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Qingluan Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zhen Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Research Group Liver Regeneration, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ruomeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Research Group Liver Regeneration, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guangqi Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Qunyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xizhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arndt Vogel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Daniela Gerovska
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Cantz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nigel Horscroft
- CureVac AG, Tübingen, Germany; Present address of NH, MRM Health NV Technologie park-Zwijnaarde 94, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Asha Balakrishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael Ott
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Amar Deep Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Research Group Liver Regeneration, REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Marcato F, van den Brand H, Kemp B, Engel B, Schnabel SK, Jansen CA, Rutten VPMG, Koets AP, Hoorweg FA, de Vries-Reilingh G, Wulansari A, Wolthuis-Fillerup M, van Reenen K. Calf and dam characteristics and calf transport age affect immunoglobulin titers and hematological parameters of veal calves. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1432-1451. [PMID: 34802744 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate effects of transport age of calves (14 vs. 28 d), and of calf and dam characteristics, on immunoglobulin titers and hematological variables of veal calves. Calves (n = 683) were transported to a veal farm at 14 or 28 d of age. Natural antibodies N-IgG, N-IgM, and N-IgA against phosphorylcholine conjugated to bovine serum albumin (PC-BSA) were measured in serum of the dams 1 wk before calving and in first colostrum. These antibodies were also measured in serum of calves 1 wk after birth, 1 d before transport, and in wk 2 and 10 posttransport at the veal farm. Hematological variables were assessed in calves 1 d before transport and in wk 2 posttransport. One day before transport, titers of N-IgG, N-IgM, N-IgA, and neutrophil counts were higher, and lymphocyte counts were lower in 14-d-old calves compared with 28-d-old calves. In wk 2 at the veal farm, calves transported at 14 d of age had higher N-IgG titers and neutrophil counts, but lower N-IgM and N-IgA titers, and lymphocyte counts than calves transported at 28 d. In wk 1 and 1 d before transport, N-Ig in calves were positively related to N-Ig in colostrum. In wk 2 and 10 at the veal farm, N-IgG in calves was positively related to N-IgG in colostrum. The N-IgG titers in calves at the dairy farm were negatively related to the likelihood of being individually treated with antibiotics or other medicines at the veal farm. Our results suggest that calves transported to the veal farm at 28 d of age showed a more advanced development of their adaptive immunity than calves transported at 14 d of age. Quality of colostrum might have long-term consequences for N-IgG titers and immunity in veal calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Marcato
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S K Schnabel
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C A Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - V P M G Rutten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80165, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, P/Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Republic of South Africa
| | - A P Koets
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 65, 8200 AB Lelystad, the Netherlands; Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80163, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F A Hoorweg
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - G de Vries-Reilingh
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Wulansari
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Wolthuis-Fillerup
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K van Reenen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aregay A, Engel B, Port K, Vondran FWR, Bremer B, Niehaus C, Khera T, Richter N, Jaeckel E, Cornberg M, Taubert R, Wedemeyer H. Distinct Immune Imprints of Post-Liver Transplantation Hepatitis C Persist Despite Viral Clearance. Liver Transpl 2021; 27:887-899. [PMID: 33641215 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recurrence or de novo infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) after liver transplantation (LT) has been associated with progressive graft hepatitis that can be improved by treatment with novel direct-acting antivirals. Cases of rejection episodes have been described during and after HCV treatment. The evolution of innate and adaptive immune response during and after cure of HCV LT is unknown. We studied 74 protein biomarkers in the plasma of LT patients receiving antiviral therapy. In addition, deep immune phenotyping of both the myeloid and lymphoid immune cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed. We found that LT patients with active HCV infection displayed distinct alterations of inflammatory protein biomarkers, such as C-X-Cmotif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), caspase 8, C-C motif chemokine 20 (CCL20), CCL19, interferon γ, CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1), interleukin (IL)-18R1, CXCL11, CCL3, IL8, IL12B, tumor necrosis factor-beta, CXCL6, osteoprotegerin, IL10, fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, neurotrophin-3, CCL4, IL6, tumornecrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9, programmed death ligand 1, IL18, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1, and enrichment of peripheral immune cell subsets unlike patients without HCV infection who received transplants. Interestingly, patients who cleared HCV after LT did not normalize the altered inflammatory milieu nor did the peripheral immune cell subsets normalize to what would be seen in the absence of HCV recurrence. Overall, these data indicate that HCV-specific imprints on inflammatory analytes and immune cell subsets after LT are not completely normalized by therapy-induced HCV elimination. This is in line with the clinical observation that cure of HCV after LT did not trigger rejection episodes in many patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amare Aregay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kerstin Port
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Birgit Bremer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Niehaus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanvi Khera
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Richter
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, DZIF, partner-site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany.,Centre for individualized infection medicine (CIIM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Centre Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, DZIF, partner-site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aburahma K, Salman J, Engel B, Vondran FWR, Greer M, Boethig D, Siemeni T, Avsar M, Schwerk N, Müller C, Taubert R, Hoeper MM, Welte T, Wedemeyer HH, Richter N, Warnecke G, Tudorache I, Haverich A, Kuehn C, Grannas G, Ius F. Liver-first strategy for a combined lung and liver transplant in patients with cystic fibrosis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 60:822-830. [PMID: 33956976 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezab164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A combined lung and liver transplant in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is an uncommon procedure. The goal of this study was to compare long-term outcomes between patients with CF who underwent either a combined lung-liver or a lung-only transplant. METHODS This is a retrospective single-centre study of patients with CF who underwent a lung transplant between January 2005 and May 2020. Since 2006, our preference for a combined lung-liver transplant was to transplant the liver first and then the lung. Outcomes were compared using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test. Median follow-up was 53 (23-97) months. RESULTS During the study period, among 357 patients with CF who underwent a lung transplant, 14 (4%) required a lung-liver transplant whereas 343 (96%) had a lung-only transplant. Lung cold ischaemic time was longer in the lung-liver transplant group, but no patient in this group showed primary graft dysfunction at 72 h after the transplant. Prevalence of anti-human leucocyte antigen donor-specific antibodies was 7.1% vs 13.7% in the lung-liver versus the lung-only transplant group (P = 0.42). At 5 years, lung graft survival (78% vs 69%) and freedom from chronic lung allograft dysfunction (79% vs 62%) did not differ between the lung-liver versus the lung-only groups (P = 0.45 and P = 0.55, respectively). Freedom from lung biopsy-confirmed rejection was significantly higher in patients undergoing a lung-liver transplant (91% vs 50%; P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS A lung-liver transplant did not impair lung graft function. The lower prevalence of donor-specific antibodies and the better freedom from lung biopsy-confirmed rejection suggest tolerogenic effects of the liver graft.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Aburahma
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jawad Salman
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark Greer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Dietmar Boethig
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thierry Siemeni
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Murat Avsar
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolaus Schwerk
- Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller
- Department of Paediatrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius M Hoeper
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Tobias Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans H Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Richter
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gregor Warnecke
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Tudorache
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Kuehn
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerrit Grannas
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabio Ius
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplant and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Engel B, Laschtowitz A, Janik MK, Junge N, Baumann U, Milkiewicz P, Taubert R, Sebode M. Genetic aspects of adult and pediatric autoimmune hepatitis: A concise review. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104214. [PMID: 33812046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) is a heterogenous, mostly chronic liver disease that affects people of all age groups, women more often than men. The aim of therapy is to prevent cirrhosis, as it mainly accounts for liver-related mortality in patients with AIH. Rates of remission are high in patients with AIH, but life-long immunosuppressive therapy is required. AIH is hypothesized to originate from immunologic reactivity targeted against mostly unknown self-antigens, potentially triggered by viral infections among other factors. While AIH does not follow a Mendelian inheritance pattern, part of the risk of developing AIH or worse disease course, is attributed to specific genetic risk factors. Major associations for the risk of development of AIH were found for HLA-DRB1*03:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:01 in adult AIH in the only genome-wide association study on AIH. However, other potential risk loci in SH2B3, CARD10 and KIR genes were described. This review covers the current knowledge on genetic risk factors in adult and pediatric AIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Germany.
| | - Alena Laschtowitz
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Germany
| | - Maciej K Janik
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Germany
| | - Norman Junge
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Germany
| | - Ulrich Baumann
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Germany
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Germany
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Germany
| | - Marcial Sebode
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Derben FC, Engel B, Zachou K, Hartl J, Hartleben B, Bantel H, Schramm C, Dalekos GN, Manns MP, Jaeckel E, Taubert R. CK-18 cell death markers improve the prediction of histological remission in autoimmune hepatitis during biochemical remission. Liver Int 2021; 41:123-127. [PMID: 33043565 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Incomplete histological remission of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is associated with a reduced long-term survival and an increased relapse rate even during biochemical remission (BR). The aim of this international multicentre study was to explore the diagnostic fidelity of cytokeratin-18 cell death markers to noninvasively detect incomplete histological remission. Thereby, cytokeratin-18 cell death marker M65 but not ALT and immunoglobulins was significantly higher in patients with incomplete histological remission (mHAI ≥ 4) compared to those with mHAI ≤ 3. M65 levels > 305 U/L, identified in the training cohort, facilitated the noninvasive detection of incomplete histological remission with a sensitivity of 75% and negative predictive value of 86% in the validation cohort. While BR with M65 < 305 U/L suggested complete histological remission (86%), BR with M65 > 305 U/L reduced the rate of histological remission to 60%. In conclusion, M65 may help to better select patients for or to reduce surveillance liver biopsies in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Finn C Derben
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Kalliopi Zachou
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Johannes Hartl
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Björn Hartleben
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Bantel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Christoph Schramm
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.,Martin Zeitz Centre for Rare Diseases, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - George N Dalekos
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, Larissa, Greece.,Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
O'Connor AH, Bokkers EAM, de Boer IJM, Hogeveen H, Sayers R, Byrne N, Ruelle E, Engel B, Shalloo L. Cow and herd-level risk factors associated with mobility scores in pasture-based dairy cows. Prev Vet Med 2020; 181:105077. [PMID: 32653490 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lameness in dairy cows is an area of concern from an economic, environmental and animal welfare point of view. While the potential risk factors associated with suboptimal mobility in non-pasture-based systems are evident throughout the literature, the same information is less abundant for pasture-based systems specifically those coupled with seasonal calving, like those in Ireland. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the potential risk factors associated with specific mobility scores (0 = good, 1 = imperfect, 2 = impaired, and 3 = severely impaired mobility) for pasture-based dairy cows. Various cow and herd-level potential risk factors from Irish pasture-based systems were collected and analyzed for their association with suboptimal mobility, whereby a mobility score of 0 refers to cows with optimal mobility and a mobility score ≥ 1 refers to a cow with some form of suboptimal mobility. Combined cow and herd-level statistical models were used to determine the increased or decreased risk for mobility score 1, 2, and 3 (any form of suboptimal mobility) compared to the risk for mobility score 0 (optimal mobility), as the outcome variable and the various potential risk factors at both the cow and herd-level were included as predictor type variables. Cow-level variables included body condition score, milk yield, genetic predicted transmitting ability for 'lameness', somatic cell score, calving month and cow breed. Herd-level variables included various environmental and management practices on farm. These analyses have identified several cow-level potential risk factors (including low body condition score, high milk yield, elevated somatic cell count, stage of lactation, calving month, and certain breed types), as well as various herd-level potential risk factors (including the amount of time taken to complete the milking process, claw trimmer training, farm layout factors and foot bathing practices) which are associated with suboptimal mobility. The results of this study should be considered by farm advisors when advising and implementing a cow/herd health program for dairy cows in pasture-based systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H O'Connor
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland; Animal Production Systems Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands.
| | - E A M Bokkers
- Animal Production Systems Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - I J M de Boer
- Animal Production Systems Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - H Hogeveen
- Business Economics Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - R Sayers
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - N Byrne
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - E Ruelle
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - B Engel
- Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, the Netherlands
| | - L Shalloo
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Marcato F, van den Brand H, Kemp B, Engel B, Wolthuis-Fillerup M, van Reenen K. Effects of pretransport diet, transport duration, and type of vehicle on physiological status of young veal calves. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3505-3520. [PMID: 32037174 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate effects of pretransport diet (rearing milk vs. electrolytes), type of vehicle (open vs. conditioned truck), and transport duration (6 vs. 18 h) on physiological status of young calves upon arrival at the veal farm. A total of 368 calves were transported in 2 consecutive batches from a collection center to a veal farm. Blood samples were collected from calves before transport; immediately posttransport (T0); and 4, 24, and 48 h, and 1, 3, and 5 wk posttransport. Blood was analyzed for glucose, urea, lactate, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), creatine kinase, albumin, total protein, osmolality, calcium, sodium, magnesium, and hematological variables. Body weight, rectal temperature, and skin elasticity were determined before and immediately posttransport. Blood glucose, NEFA, and urea concentrations at T0 showed an interaction between pretransport diet and transport duration. Milk-fed and electrolyte-fed calves transported for 18 h did not significantly differ in plasma glucose concentration or serum NEFA concentrations. However, after 6 h of transport, milk-fed calves had higher plasma glucose and lower serum NEFA concentrations (4.71 mmol/L and 586.5 µmol/L, respectively) than electrolyte-fed calves (3.56 mmol/L and 916 µmol/L, respectively). After 18 h of transport, milk-fed calves had lower urea concentrations (5.40 mmol/L) than electrolyte-fed calves (7.38 mmol/L). In addition, at T0, after 6 h of transport, milk-fed calves gained weight (Δ = 0.41 kg), whereas electrolyte-fed calves lost weight (Δ = -0.16 kg). After 18 h of transport, both milk-fed and electrolyte-fed calves showed body weight losses (Δ = -0.67 and -0.74 kg, respectively). Type of vehicle had a limited influence on blood parameters. Concentrations of NEFA and BHB reached the maximum values at T0 and then decreased until wk 5 posttransport. The increase in NEFA and BHB concentrations between prior to and just posttransport (T0) was less pronounced in calves transported for 6 h (746.1 µmol/L and 0.38 mmol/L, respectively) than in calves transported for 18 h (850.6 µmol/L and 0.50 mmol/L). Overall, the recovery rate of calves at the veal farm seemed rapid; all blood parameters returned to (below) pretransport values within 48 h posttransport. We concluded that feeding milk before short-term transport helps young veal calves cope with transport, whereas this is not the case during long-term transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Marcato
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands; Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Wolthuis-Fillerup
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K van Reenen
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Engel B, Taubert R, Jaeckel E, Manns MP. The future of autoimmune liver diseases - Understanding pathogenesis and improving morbidity and mortality. Liver Int 2020; 40 Suppl 1:149-153. [PMID: 32077605 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD), namely autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), are rare diseases. These days, patients with PBC almost never require liver transplantation. When treated early with ursodeoxycholic acid patients have a normal life expectancy if the disease is diagnosed at an early stage and the patients respond to treatment. Patients with AIH often go into remission with first-line therapy including corticosteroids alone or in combination with azathioprine. Nevertheless, about one quarter of patients already developed cirrhosis at diagnosis. Those who do not respond to first line standard of care (SOC) have significant liver-related morbidity and mortality. No approved second- or third-line treatments are available and the drugs are selected based on limited case series and personal experience. Larger trials are needed to develop efficient therapies for difficult-to-treat AIH patients. No treatment has been found to alter the natural course of disease in patients with PSC except for liver transplantation. Identifying PSC patients at risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is another unmet need. Current research in all AILD including AIH, PBC and PSC, focuses on improving our understanding of the underlying disease process and identifying new therapeutic targets to decrease morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Engel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Richard Taubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| | - Michael P Manns
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Glaser F, John C, Engel B, Höh B, Weidemann S, Dieckhoff J, Stein S, Becker N, Casar C, Schuran FA, Wieschendorf B, Preti M, Jessen F, Franke A, Carambia A, Lohse AW, Ittrich H, Herkel J, Heeren J, Schramm C, Schwinge D. Liver infiltrating T cells regulate bile acid metabolism in experimental cholangitis. J Hepatol 2019; 71:783-792. [PMID: 31207266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS T cells are central mediators of liver inflammation and represent potential treatment targets in cholestatic liver disease. Whereas emerging evidence shows that bile acids (BAs) affect T cell function, the role of T cells for the regulation of BA metabolism is unknown. In order to understand this interplay, we investigated the influence of T cells on BA metabolism in a novel mouse model of cholangitis. METHODS Mdr2-/- mice were crossed with transgenic K14-OVAp mice, which express an MHC class I restricted ovalbumin peptide on biliary epithelial cells (Mdr2-/-xK14-OVAp). T cell-mediated cholangitis was induced by the adoptive transfer of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. BA levels were quantified using a targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach. RESULTS T cell-induced cholangitis resulted in reduced levels of unconjugated BAs in the liver and significantly increased serum and hepatic levels of conjugated BAs. Genes responsible for BA synthesis and uptake were downregulated and expression of the bile salt export pump was increased. The transferred antigen-specific CD8+ T cells alone were able to induce these changes, as demonstrated using Mdr2-/-xK14-OVAp recipient mice on the Rag1-/- background. Mechanistically, we showed by depletion experiments that alterations in BA metabolism were partly mediated by the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IFN-γ in an FXR-dependent manner, a process that in vitro required cell contact between T cells and hepatocytes. CONCLUSION Whereas it is known that BA metabolism is dysregulated in sepsis and related conditions, we have shown that T cells are able to control the synthesis and metabolism of BAs, a process which depends on TNF and IFN-γ. Understanding the effect of lymphocytes on BA metabolism will help in the design of combined treatment strategies for cholestatic liver diseases. LAY SUMMARY Dysregulation of bile acid metabolism and T cells can contribute to the development of cholangiopathies. Before targeting T cells for the treatment of cholangiopathies, it should be determined whether they exert protective effects on bile acid metabolism. Herein, we demonstrate that T cell-induced cholangitis resulted in decreased levels of harmful unconjugated bile acids. T cells were able to directly control synthesis and metabolism of bile acids, a process which was dependent on the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IFN-γ. Understanding the effect of lymphocytes on bile acid metabolism will help in the design of combined treatment strategies for cholestatic liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Glaser
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clara John
- Department of Biochemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Engel
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Höh
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dieckhoff
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Stein
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Becker
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Casar
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fenja Amrei Schuran
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Wieschendorf
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Max Preti
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Jessen
- Department of Biochemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Antonella Carambia
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harald Ittrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Herkel
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Martin Zeitz Centre for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Dorothee Schwinge
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rothwell L, Jackson H, Engel B. The effectiveness of hand grip dynamometry in assessing the nutritional status of renal inpatients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
27
|
Maatjens CM, van Roovert-Reijrink IAM, Engel B, van der Pol CW, Kemp B, van den Brand H. Temperature during the last week of incubation. III. Effects on chicken embryo physiology. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1451-1458. [PMID: 28158784 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated effects of eggshell temperature (EST) of 35.6, 36.7, 37.8, or 38.9°C applied from d of incubation (E) 15, E17, or E19 onward on chicken embryo physiology. A total of 2,850 first-grade eggs of a 43-week-old Ross 308 broiler breeder flock were incubated at an EST of 37.8°C until E15. From E15, E17, or E19 onward, eggs were incubated at an EST of 35.6, 36.7, 37.8, or 38.9°C. Plasma glucose, uric acid, and lactate concentrations, and hepatic glycogen amount and concentration were measured at E15, E17, E19, internal pipping (IP), external pipping (EP), and hatch.An EST of 38.9°C applied from E15 onward decreased the amount of hepatic glycogen from E19 to IP and resulted in a lower glycogen amount at IP compared to all other EST. At EP, when oxygen (O2) becomes largely available, an EST of 38.9°C resulted in a higher glycogen amount and concentration compared to IP, which suggests that plasma glucose between IP and EP might be used for building up hepatic glycogen reserves. However, hepatic glycogen levels remained considerably lower at IP, EP, and hatch at an EST of 38.9°C, compared to an EST of 35.6 and 36.7°C.Opposite to an EST of 38.9°C, from IP onward, an EST of 35.6°C resulted in a higher glycogen amount and concentration compared to all other EST, which might be caused by the higher O2 availability relative to the lower metabolic rate, which provided time to build up glycogen stores from excessive glucose. A higher availability of hepatic glycogen might contribute to an improved physiological status of the broiler chicken embryo toward hatch. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is crucial for developing embryos, as glucose is the major energy source from IP until hatch. At hatch, no effect of EST was found for glucose, uric acid, or lactate.Results of this study emphasize that EST of 35.6 and 36.7°C from E15 onward appear to be beneficial for chicken embryo physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Maatjens
- HatchTech BV, P.O. Box 256, 3900 AG Veenendaal, the Netherlands.,Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - B Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C W van der Pol
- HatchTech BV, P.O. Box 256, 3900 AG Veenendaal, the Netherlands.,Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kok A, van Knegsel A, van Middelaar C, Engel B, Hogeveen H, Kemp B, de Boer I. Effect of dry period length on milk yield over multiple lactations. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:739-749. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
29
|
de Vries M, Bokkers E, van Schaik G, Engel B, Dijkstra T, de Boer I. Improving the time efficiency of identifying dairy herds with poorer welfare in a population. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8282-8296. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
30
|
Kok A, van Middelaar C, van Knegsel A, Engel B, Hogeveen H, Kemp B, de Boer I. 1245 ADSA®-EAAP Speaker Exchange Presentation: Comparing milk yield between cows with different dry period lengths over multiple lactations. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
31
|
Kiltz U, Smolen J, Bardin T, Cohen Solal A, Dalbeth N, Doherty M, Engel B, Flader C, Kay J, Matsuoka M, Perez-Ruiz F, da Rocha Castelar-Pinheiro G, Saag K, So A, Vazquez Mellado J, Weisman M, Westhoff TH, Yamanaka H, Braun J. Treat-to-target (T2T) recommendations for gout. Ann Rheum Dis 2016; 76:632-638. [PMID: 27658678 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The treat-to-target (T2T) concept has been applied successfully in several inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Gout is a chronic disease with a high burden of pain and inflammation. Because the pathogenesis of gout is strongly related to serum urate levels, gout may be an ideal disease in which to apply a T2T approach. Our aim was to develop international T2T recommendations for patients with gout. METHODS A committee of experts with experience in gout agreed upon potential targets and outcomes, which was the basis for the systematic literature search. Eleven rheumatologists, one cardiologist, one nephrologist, one general practitioner and one patient met in October 2015 to develop T2T recommendations based on the available scientific evidence. Levels of evidence, strength of recommendations and levels of agreement were derived. RESULTS Although no randomised trial was identified in which a comparison with standard treatment or an evaluation of a T2T approach had been performed in patients with gout, indirect evidence was provided to focus on targets such as normalisation of serum urate levels. The expert group developed four overarching principles and nine T2T recommendations. They considered dissolution of crystals and prevention of flares to be fundamental; patient education, ensuring adherence to medications and monitoring of serum urate levels were also considered to be of major importance. CONCLUSIONS This is the first application of the T2T approach developed for gout. Since no publication reports a trial comparing treatment strategies for gout, highly credible overarching principles and level D expert recommendations were created and agreed upon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Kiltz
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, and Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - J Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Bardin
- Assisitance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Rheumatology Department, Lariboisière Hospital, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité and INSERM, UMR 1132, Paris, France
| | - A Cohen Solal
- Research Medical Unit INSERM, Université Paris VII-Denis Diderot Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - N Dalbeth
- University of Auckland and Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M Doherty
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - B Engel
- Medical Faculty, Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - C Flader
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, and Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - J Kay
- UMass Memorial Medical Center and University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Matsuoka
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - F Perez-Ruiz
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital de Cruces, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | | | - K Saag
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - A So
- Service de Rhumatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Vazquez Mellado
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital General de México, México City, México
| | - M Weisman
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - T H Westhoff
- Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - H Yamanaka
- Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Braun
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, and Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maatjens CM, van Roovert-Reijrink IAM, van den Anker I, Engel B, van der Pol CW, Kemp B, van den Brand H. Temperature during the last week of incubation. II. Effects on first week broiler development and performance. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2136-44. [PMID: 27118862 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about applying various eggshell temperatures (EST) during the last week of incubation. In particular, the effect of an EST below 37.8°C during the last week of incubation is poorly investigated. Therefore, we investigated effects of EST of 35.6, 36.7, 37.8, or 38.9°C applied from d of incubation (E) 15, E17, or E19 on first week broiler development and performance. A total of 2,850 first grade eggs of a 43 wk old Ross 308 broiler breeder flock were incubated at an EST of 37.8°C until E15. From E15, E17, or E19 onward, eggs were incubated at an EST of 35.6, 36.7, 37.8, or 38.9°C. Chick quality was determined at placement in the broiler house and organ development was measured at d 7. BW was determined at placement, d4, and d7. Feed intake (FI) was measured at d4 and d7 and G:F was calculated between placement and d4, and between d4 and d7. Chick quality at placement was higher at an EST of 35.6°C compared to all other EST treatments, expressed by a longer chick length and highest prevalence of closed navels. BW d 7 was higher at an EST of 36.7°C compared to all other EST treatments, which was not caused by a higher FI during the first week. A higher G:F between d 0 and d 7 was found at an EST of 36.7°C compared to 35.6 and 38.9°C. At d 7, a higher relative heart weight was found at an EST of 35.6 compared to 38.9°C. This study indicates that an EST of 38.9°C applied from E15 onward negatively affected chick quality, organ development, and G:F until d 7 compared to 37.8°C. Moreover, an EST of 36.7°C had a clear positive effect on chick quality, organ development, G:F, and growth performance until d 7. An EST of 35.6°C resulted in equal or higher chick quality and organ weights compared to 36.7°C, but this was not reflected in performance parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Maatjens
- HatchTech BV, P.O. Box 256, 3900 AG Veenendaal, the Netherlands Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - I van den Anker
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C W van der Pol
- HatchTech BV, P.O. Box 256, 3900 AG Veenendaal, the Netherlands Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kok A, van Middelaar C, Engel B, van Knegsel A, Hogeveen H, Kemp B, de Boer I. Effective lactation yield: A measure to compare milk yield between cows with different dry period lengths. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:2956-2966. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
34
|
Maatjens CM, van Roovert-Reijrink IAM, Engel B, van der Pol CW, Kemp B, van den Brand H. Temperature during the last week of incubation. I. Effects on hatching pattern and broiler chicken embryonic organ development. Poult Sci 2016; 95:956-65. [PMID: 26787926 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of an eggshell temperature (EST) of 35.6, 36.7, 37.8, and 38.9°C applied from d of incubation (E) 15, E17, and E19 on hatching pattern and embryonic organ development. A total of 2,850 first-grade eggs of a 43-week-old Ross 308 broiler breeder flock were incubated at an EST of 37.8°C until E15. From E15, E17, or E19 onward, eggs were incubated at an EST of 35.6, 36.7, 37.8, or 38.9°C. Moment of internal pipping (IP), external pipping (EP), and hatch was determined, and organ development was measured at E15, E17, E19, IP, EP, and hatch. A lower EST extended incubation duration compared to a higher EST. The lower incubation duration was mainly caused by the extended time until IP, whereas time between IP and hatch hardly varied between treatments. Relative heart weight was affected by EST already from 2 d after the start of EST treatment on E15, and effects became more pronounced at longer exposure time to various EST treatments. At hatch, the largest difference in relative heart weight was found between an EST of 35.6 and 38.9°C started at E15 (Δ=64.4%). From E17 onward, EST affected yolk-free body mass (YFBM) and relative stomach weight, where a lower EST resulted in a lower YFBM and relative stomach weight before IP and a higher YFBM and relative stomach weight after IP. From E19 onward, a lower EST resulted in a higher relative liver and spleen weight regardless of start time of treatment. Yolk weight and relative intestine weight were not affected by EST before and at E19, but a higher EST resulted in a higher yolk weight and lower relative intestine weight from IP onward. Based on the higher YFBM and higher relative organ growth found at hatch, we concluded that an EST lower than 37.8°C from E15 onward appears to be beneficial for optimal embryo development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Maatjens
- HatchTech BV, P.O. Box 256, 3900 AG Veenendaal, the Netherlands Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - B Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - C W van der Pol
- HatchTech BV, P.O. Box 256, 3900 AG Veenendaal, the Netherlands Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - B Kemp
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H van den Brand
- Adaptation Physiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Webb L, van Reenen C, Berends H, Engel B, de Boer I, Gerrits W, Bokkers E. The role of solid feed amount and composition and of milk replacer supply in veal calf welfare. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:5467-81. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
36
|
de Vries M, Bokkers EAM, van Reenen CG, Engel B, van Schaik G, Dijkstra T, de Boer IJM. Housing and management factors associated with indicators of dairy cattle welfare. Prev Vet Med 2014; 118:80-92. [PMID: 25479923 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of potential synergies and trade-offs between housing and management factors for different aspects of animal welfare is essential for farmers who aim to improve the level of welfare in their herds. The aim of this research was to identify and compare housing and management factors associated with prevalence of lameness, prevalence of lesions or swellings, prevalence of dirty hindquarters, and frequency of displacements (social behavior) in dairy herds in free-stall housing. Seven observers collected data regarding housing and management characteristics of 179 Dutch dairy herds (herd size: 22-211 cows) in free-stall housing during winter. Lame cows, cows with lesions or swellings, and cows with dirty hindquarters were counted and occurrence of displacements was recorded during 120 min of observation. For each of the four welfare indicators, housing and management factors associated with the welfare indicator were selected in a succession of logistic or log-linear regression analyses. Prevalence of lameness was associated with surface of the lying area, summer pasturing, herd biosecurity status, and far-off and close-up dry cow groups (P<0.05). Prevalence of lesions or swellings was associated with surface of the lying area, summer pasturing, light intensity in the barn, and days in milk when the maximum amount of concentrates was fed (P<0.05). Prevalence of dirty hindquarters was associated with surface of the lying area, proportion of stalls with fecal contamination, head lunge impediments in stalls, and number of roughage types (P<0.05). Average frequency of displacements was associated with the time of introducing heifers in the lactating group, the use of cow brushes, continuous availability of roughage, floor scraping frequency, herd size, and the proportion cows to stalls (P<0.05). Prevalences of lameness and of lesions or swellings were lower in herds with soft mats or mattresses (odd ratio (OR)=0.66 and 0.58, confidence interval (CI)=0.48-0.91 and 0.39-0.85) or deep bedding (OR=0.48 and 0.48, CI=0.32-0.71 and 0.30-0.77) in stalls, compared with concrete, and in herds with summer pasturing (OR=0.68 and 0.41, CI=0.51-0.90 and 0.27-0.61), compared with zero-grazing. Deep bedding in stalls was negatively associated with prevalence of dirty hindquarters (OR=0.50, CI=0.29-0.86), compared with hard mats. It was concluded that some aspects of housing and management are common protective factors for prevalence of lameness, lesions or swellings, and dirty hindquarters, but not for frequency of displacements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M de Vries
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - E A M Bokkers
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - C G van Reenen
- Livestock Research, Wageningen UR, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
| | - B Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University, 6700 AC Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - G van Schaik
- GD Animal Health Service, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands.
| | - T Dijkstra
- GD Animal Health Service, 7400 AA Deventer, The Netherlands.
| | - I J M de Boer
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
van der Poel WHM, Pavio N, van der Goot J, van Es M, Martin M, Engel B. Development and validation of a genotype 3 recombinant protein-based immunoassay for hepatitis E virus serology in swine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:334-9. [PMID: 24676472 PMCID: PMC4075298 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is classified within the family Hepeviridae, genus
Hepevirus. HEV genotype 3 (Gt3) infections are endemic in pigs in
Western Europe and in North and South America and cause zoonotic infections in
humans. Several serological assays to detect HEV antibodies in pigs have been
developed, at first mainly based on HEV genotype 1 (Gt1) antigens. To develop a
sensitive HEV Gt3 ELISA, a recombinant baculovirus expression product of HEV Gt3 open
reading frame-2 was produced and coated onto polystyrene ELISA plates. After
incubation of porcine sera, bound HEV antibodies were detected with anti-porcine
anti-IgG and anti-IgM conjugates. For primary estimation of sensitivity and
specificity of the assay, sets of sera were used from pigs experimentally infected
with HEV Gt3. For further validation of the assay and to set the cutoff value, a
batch of 1100 pig sera was used. All pig sera were tested using the developed HEV Gt3
assay and two other serologic assays based on HEV Gt1 antigens. Since there is no
gold standard available for HEV antibody testing, further validation and a definite
setting of the cutoff of the developed HEV Gt3 assay were performed using a
statistical approach based on Bayes' theorem. The developed and validated HEV
antibody assay showed effective detection of HEV-specific antibodies. This assay can
contribute to an improved detection of HEV antibodies and enable more reliable
estimates of the prevalence of HEV Gt3 in swine in different regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H M van der Poel
- Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - N Pavio
- Animal Health Laboratory UMR 1161, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J van der Goot
- Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - M van Es
- Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - M Martin
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - B Engel
- Biometris, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
de Vries M, Bokkers E, van Schaik G, Engel B, Dijkstra T, de Boer I. Exploring the value of routinely collected herd data for estimating dairy cattle welfare. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:715-30. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
39
|
Visser EK, Neijenhuis F, de Graaf-Roelfsema E, Wesselink HGM, de Boer J, van Wijhe-Kiezebrink MC, Engel B, van Reenen CG. Risk factors associated with health disorders in sport and leisure horses in the Netherlands. J Anim Sci 2013; 92:844-55. [PMID: 24352963 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-6692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Horses are used for a wide variety of purposes from being used for recreational purposes to competing at an international level. With these different uses, horses have to adapt to numerous challenges and changes in their environment, which can be a challenge itself in continuously safeguarding their welfare. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of health disorders with clinical examination and identify possible risk factors of health disorders affecting horse welfare in professional husbandry systems in the Netherlands. With the use of fixed protocols for recording health aspects in horses, 150 horse farms voluntarily participating in the study were assessed by trained assessors. On each farm, 20 horses were clinically examined, in total almost 3,000 animals. This study recorded on the basis of the clinical examinations: the respiratory system (i.e., abnormal breathing [1%], coughing [1%], nasal discharge [1.9%]), body condition (i.e., 18.8% fat body condition and 6.4% poor body condition), locomotion (14.5% exhibited irregularity of locomotion and 4.8% were lame), back palpation (a light response [22.6%] and moderate to severe response [8.4%]), mouth (i.e., irregularities on mouth corners [3.4%] and bars [3.4%]), and ocular discharge (12%). Risk factor analysis, stepwise using mixed model regression, demonstrated several risk factors for health aspects. Horses used for instruction (riding lessons) were almost two times more at risk to develop moderate to severe back pain compared to horses used for recreation (odds ratios [OR] = 0.54) or for competition (OR = 0.61). Horses used for instruction (riding school lessons), breeding, or recreation all had a higher risk for irregular locomotion or lameness compared to competition horses (OR = 0.42, OR = 0.55, OR = 2.14, respectively). Horses used for recreation were more prone to have a higher BCS compared to horses used for breeding (OR = 3.07) and instruction (OR = 2.06). The prevalence of health problems and the identified risk factors are valid for the horses in the present study in which farms voluntarily participated. Furthermore, the results may provide the basis for horse welfare and health programs on farm and horse industry levels. With the development of a valid welfare monitoring system for the horse industry, the welfare of horses can be increased through improving awareness and stimulating changes in management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E K Visser
- Livestock Research, Department of Animal Welfare, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 65, NL-8200 AB Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Webb L, Bokkers E, Heutinck L, Engel B, Buist W, Rodenburg T, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N, van Reenen C. Effects of roughage source, amount, and particle size on behavior and gastrointestinal health of veal calves. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:7765-76. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
41
|
de Vries M, Bokkers EAM, van Schaik G, Botreau R, Engel B, Dijkstra T, de Boer IJM. Evaluating results of the Welfare Quality multi-criteria evaluation model for classification of dairy cattle welfare at the herd level. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:6264-73. [PMID: 23932136 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Welfare Quality multi-criteria evaluation (WQ-ME) model aggregates scores of single welfare measures into an overall assessment for the level of animal welfare in dairy herds. It assigns herds to 4 welfare classes: unacceptable, acceptable, enhanced, or excellent. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the relative importance of single welfare measures for WQ-ME classification of a selected sample of Dutch dairy herds. Seven trained observers quantified 63 welfare measures of the Welfare Quality protocol in 183 loose housed- and 13 tethered Dutch dairy herds (herd size: 10 to 211 cows). First, values of welfare measures were compared among the 4 welfare classes, using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-squared tests. Second, observed values of single welfare measures were replaced with a fictitious value, which was the median value of herds classified in the next highest class, to see if improvement of a single measure would enable a herd to reach a higher class. Sixteen herds were classified as unacceptable, 85 as acceptable, 78 as enhanced, and none as excellent. Classification could not be calculated for 17 herds because data were missing (15 herds) or data were deemed invalid because the stockperson disturbed behavioral observations (2 herds). Herds classified as unacceptable showed significantly more very lean cows, more severely lame cows, and more often an insufficient number of drinkers than herds classified as acceptable. Herds classified as acceptable showed significantly more cows with high somatic cell count, with lesions, that could not be approached closer than 1m, colliding with components of the stall while lying down, and lying outside the lying area, and showed fewer cows with diarrhea, more often had an insufficient number of drinkers, and scored lower for the descriptors "relaxed" and "happy" than herds classified as enhanced. Increasing the number of drinkers and reducing the percentage of cows colliding with components of the stall while lying down were the changes most effective in allowing herds classified as unacceptable and acceptable, respectively, to reach a higher class. The WQ-ME model was not very sensitive to improving single measures of good health. We concluded that a limited number of welfare measures had a strong influence on classification of dairy herds. Classification of herds based on the WQ-ME model in its current form might lead to a focus on improving these specific measures and divert attention from improving other welfare measures. The role of expert opinion and the type of algorithmic operator used in this model should be reconsidered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M de Vries
- Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
de Vries M, Engel B, den Uijl I, van Schaik G, Dijkstra T, de Boer IJM, Bokkers EAM. Assessment time of the Welfare Quality® protocol for dairy cattle. Anim Welf 2013. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.22.1.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
43
|
Backer J, Engel B, Dekker A, van Roermund H. Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease II: Regaining FMD-free status. Prev Vet Med 2012; 107:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
44
|
Dijksterhuis GB, Engel B, Walstra P, Font I Furnols M, Agerhem H, Fischer K, Oliver MA, Claudi-Magnussen C, Siret F, Béague MP, Homer DB, Bonneau M. An international study on the importance of androstenone and skatole for boar taint: II. Sensory evaluation by trained panels in seven European countries. Meat Sci 2012; 54:261-9. [PMID: 22060696 DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(99)00103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/1998] [Revised: 03/05/1999] [Accepted: 04/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study (part of an EU AIR programme on boar taint) was to make objective the perception of boar taint in entire male pork, and to relate the perception to skatole and androstenone levels. Trained analytical sensory panels in seven European countries assessed pig meat with known levels of androstenone and skatole. The panels performed a sensory profiling using the attributes pig, urine, manure/stable, naphthalene/mothballs, rancid, sweet, sweat and abnormal, both for odour and flavour in separate sessions. It turned out to be difficult to harmonise sensory methodology for seven sensory panels throughout the EU, especially with respect to the exact level of training the panellists received. Sensory panels in general were able to differentiate between the two compounds and between different levels of the compounds, though substantial differences between the panels in the different countries existed. Androstenone was found to relate mostly to the urine attribute, while skatole related mostly to manure and, to a lesser extent, to naphthalene.
Collapse
|
45
|
André G, Engel B, Berentsen PBM, Vellinga TV, Lansink AGJMO. Quantifying the effect of heat stress on daily milk yield and monitoring dynamic changes using an adaptive dynamic model. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:4502-13. [PMID: 21854922 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-4139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Automation and use of robots are increasingly being used within dairy farming and result in large amounts of real time data. This information provides a base for the new management concept of precision livestock farming. From 2003 to 2006, time series of herd mean daily milk yield were collected on 6 experimental research farms in the Netherlands. These time series were analyzed with an adaptive dynamic model following a Bayesian method to quantify the effect of heat stress. The effect of heat stress was quantified in terms of critical temperature above which heat stress occurred, duration of heat stress periods, and resulting loss in milk yield. In addition, dynamic changes in level and trend were monitored, including the estimation of a weekly pattern. Monitoring comprised detection of potential outliers and other deteriorations. The adaptive dynamic model fitted the data well; the root mean squared error of the forecasts ranged from 0.55 to 0.99 kg of milk/d. The percentages of potential outliers and signals for deteriorations ranged from 5.5 to 9.7%. The Bayesian procedure for time series analysis and monitoring provided a useful tool for process control. Online estimates (based on past and present only) and retrospective estimates (determined afterward from all data) of level and trend in daily milk yield showed an almost yearly cycle that was in agreement with the calving pattern: most cows calved in winter and early spring versus summer and autumn. Estimated weekly patterns in terms of weekday effects could be related to specific management actions, such as change of pasture during grazing. For the effect of heat stress, the mean estimated critical temperature above which heat stress was expected was 17.8±0.56°C. The estimated duration of the heat stress periods was 5.5±1.03 d, and the estimated loss was 31.4±12.2 kg of milk/cow per year. Farm-specific estimates are helpful to identify management factors like grazing, housing and feeding, that affect the impact of heat stress. The effect of heat stress can be decreased by modifying these factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G André
- Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, the Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Uitdehaag K, Rodenburg T, Van Reenen C, Koopmanschap R, De Vries Reilingh G, Engel B, Buist W, Komen H, Bolhuis J. Effects of genetic origin and social environment on behavioral response to manual restraint and monoamine functioning in laying hens. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1629-36. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
47
|
Fitzgerald L, Engel B, Antcliff E. The effects of six months of treatment with exenatide for type 2 diabetes. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01175_9.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
48
|
Fisher K, Paxton R, Jackson H, Noble S, Thomsett K, Reynolds S, Hart K, Engel B. Comparison of screening tools in patients undergoing haemodialysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01175_8.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
49
|
|
50
|
Brscic M, Heutinck LFM, Wolthuis-Fillerup M, Stockhofe N, Engel B, Visser EK, Gottardo F, Bokkers EAM, Lensink BJ, Cozzi G, Van Reenen CG. Prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders recorded at postmortem inspection in white veal calves and associated risk factors. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:853-63. [PMID: 21257054 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed at assessing the prevalence of poor rumen development, presence of rumen plaques, rumen papillae hyperkeratinization, and abomasal lesions in veal calves and to investigate risk factors for their occurrence at the farm level. Within a wide cross-sectional study, a sample of 170 veal farms representative of the European veal meat production systems was considered in the 3 major producing countries (99 in the Netherlands, 47 in France, and 24 in Italy). An average of 59 ± 10 (SD) rumens and abomasa belonging to calves from a single batch per farm were inspected at the abattoir by trained observers to assess the incidence of these gastrointestinal disorders. Potential risk factors for their occurrence related to farm management, housing, and to the feeding plan were obtained by a questionnaire submitted to the stockperson. Prevalence of poor rumen development (almost no papillae present), rumen plaques, and hyperkeratinization were 60.4, 31.4, and 6.1% of rumens, respectively, whereas abomasal lesions in the pyloric area were recorded in 74.1% of abomasa. Independent variables related to the feeding system confirmed to be the main risk factors for the occurrence of gastrointestinal disorders in veal calves. However, additional risk sources for each given problem were identified among housing and management variables. The provision of a low amount of solid feed (≤ 50kg of dry matter/head per cycle) was a relevant risk for rumen underdevelopment. Rumen wall alterations (plaques and hyperkeratinization) and abomasal lesions were instead associated with the administration of large quantities of solids (151-300 kg of dry matter/head per cycle) in calves receiving milk replacer during the entire fattening cycle. Among the types of solid feed, cereal grain acted as a preventive measure for low rumen development, whereas it was a risk factor for the occurrence of rumen plaques, papillae hyperkeratinization, and abomasal lesions. Some housing and management options adopted to improve veal calf welfare (i.e., higher space allowance and use of heating) were associated with lower risk for gastrointestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Brscic
- Department of Animal Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|