1
|
Szovati S, Morrison CF, Couch SC. Nutritional Status of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients and Post-transplant Outcomes. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1200-1210. [PMID: 36895184 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2186261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between nutritional status of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients pre-/post-transplant and outcomes post-transplant. A secondary data analysis was conducted of 18 patients 2-weeks pre-transplant and 3 weeks post-transplant. Nutrients/food servings analyzed from 24-dietary recalls were scored for diet quality, antioxidant status, and energy adequacy (≥75% of recommended targets). Patient outcomes included frequency/severity of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, mucositis, % weight change, acute graft vs. host disease (aGVHD), length of stay (LOS), hospital readmission, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and plasma albumin and cytokine levels. Pre-transplant, patients consumed more calories, total and saturated fat (% kcals) and less carbohydrate (% kcals) vs. post-transplant. Higher vs. lower pre-transplant diet quality was related to positive weight change (p <. 05), and greater interleukin-10 (p <. 05). Energy inadequacy pre-transplant was related to more aGVHD post-transplant (p < 0.05). Post-transplant, higher diet quality was related to greater plasma albumin (p <. 05), shorter LOS (p <. 05), no ICU admissions (p <. 01), and more GI symptoms (p <. 05); higher antioxidant status was related to greater albumin (p <. 05); and energy adequacy was related to shorter LOS (p <. 05). Optimizing dietary quality, antioxidant status and energy adequacy pre-/post -transport are important considerations to improve patient outcomes after HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Szovati
- College of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Caroline F Morrison
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,College of Medicine, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sarah C Couch
- College of Allied Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Klages KL, Chardon ML, Drake SN, Myers KC, Morrison CF, Pai AL. Pain, depressive symptoms, and health-related quality of life among survivors of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29846. [PMID: 35730649 PMCID: PMC9420784 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) is an intensive medical procedure associated with significant late effects, of which pain is a prominent example. While pain is associated with increased depressive symptoms and health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) impairments in other pediatric chronic illness populations, associations between these variables are not well understood in pediatric HCT. Clarifying these associations may inform clinical interventions to improve health outcomes following pediatric HCT. This study aimed to investigate the relations between pain intensity, depressive symptoms, and HRQoL in survivors of pediatric HCT. METHOD Fifty-one survivors of pediatric HCT (Mage = 14.3 years, standard deviation [SD] = 4.3; 58.8% male; 80.4% White) completed self-report measures of pain intensity, depressive symptoms, and HRQoL. Demographic and disease information was collected via demographic forms and medical record review. Path analysis was used to examine hypothesized associations between pain intensity, depressive symptoms, and HRQoL. RESULTS Analyses revealed direct effects of pain intensity on depressive symptoms (estimate [Est.] = .23, p < .001) and HRQoL (Est. = -.2, p = .04), and direct effects of depressive symptoms on HRQoL (Est. = -.68, p < .001). Depressive symptoms also mediated the relationship between pain intensity and HRQoL (Est. = -.16, p = .006). CONCLUSIONS Greater pain intensity was associated directly with increased depressive symptoms and indirectly with HRQoL through depressive symptoms. Results of this study suggest that multitargeted cognitive behavioral interventions that address pain and depressive symptoms may improve HRQoL ratings in survivors of pediatric HCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L. Klages
- Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology & Patient and Family Wellness Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Marie L. Chardon
- Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology & Patient and Family Wellness Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Sarah N. Drake
- Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology & Patient and Family Wellness Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Kasiani C. Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | | | - Ahna L.H. Pai
- Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology & Patient and Family Wellness Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Morrison CF, Drake S, Basile NL, Horn MJ, Lambert J, Myers KC, Pai AL. Symptoms of Survivors of Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant by Age, Sex, and Transplant Type. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol Nurs 2022; 39:277-289. [PMID: 36129887 PMCID: PMC9807777 DOI: 10.1177/27527530211068746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe symptoms experienced by survivors of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), and demographic and treatment-factors associated with ongoing symptomology. Methods: Fifty pediatric survivors completed a cross-sectional pilot study. Questionnaires were administered online via REDCap to assess symptoms experienced in the last week. Survivors also consented to a medical record chart review. Results: Survivors were on average 5.4 years post-HSCT (range 1.1 to 9 years), male (58%), and Caucasian (80%) who received an allogeneic HSCT (92%). The most commonly reported symptoms were difficulty concentrating (42.5%), pain (38%), worry (38%), nervousness (37.5%), and lack of energy/fatigue (34%). Survivors reported up to 14 symptoms, with 90% of the sample experiencing at least one symptom in the previous week. Average number of symptoms varied by age group between 2.1 (8-9 years) and 6.8 (18 and older). Age and female gender were associated with higher levels of fatigue. Conclusions: The majority of survivors experienced at least one symptom in the previous week. Neuropsychological symptoms and pain endure well into survivorship that can influence outcomes such as function and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Research is needed on biological mechanisms of ongoing symptomology, effective interventions to prevent or mitigate symptoms, and the impact of symptoms on patient outcomes including daily functioning and HRQOL. Implications Survivors of pediatric HSCT continued to experience symptoms for up to nine years. Survivors should be frequently screened for symptoms, as symptoms may affect function, learning/employment outcomes, and HRQOL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F. Morrison
- Assistant Professor, University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing, Proctor Hall, 3110 Vine Street, MLC 0038,
Cincinnati, Ohio 45267,Caroline F. Morrison, PhD, RN, Assistant
Professor, University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing, Proctor Hall, 3110 Vine
Street, MLC 0038, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267.
| | - Sarah Drake
- Clinical Research Coordinator, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical
Center, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology
| | | | - Mary Jane Horn
- Research Associate, University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing
| | - Joshua Lambert
- Assistant Professor, Biostatistician, University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing
| | - Kasiani C. Myers
- Assistant Professor, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical
Center, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Ahna L.H. Pai
- Professor, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division
of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Director of the Wellness Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases
Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Basile NL, Chardon ML, Peugh J, Edwards CS, Szulczewski L, Morrison CF, Nagarajan R, El-Sheikh A, Chaney JM, Pai ALH, Mullins LL. Relationship Between Caregiver Uncertainty, Problem-Solving, and Psychological Adjustment in Pediatric Cancer. J Pediatr Psychol 2021; 46:1258-1266. [PMID: 34350968 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examined the roles of constructive and dysfunctional problem-solving strategies in the relationships between illness uncertainty and adjustment outcomes (i.e., anxious, depressive, and posttraumatic stress symptoms) in caregivers of children newly diagnosed with cancer. METHODS Two hundred thirty-eight caregivers of children (0-19 years of age) newly diagnosed with cancer (2-14 weeks since diagnosis) completed measures of illness uncertainty, problem-solving strategies, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress. RESULTS A mediation model path analysis assessed constructive and dysfunctional problem-solving strategies as mediators between illness uncertainty and caregiver anxious, depressive, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Dysfunctional problem-solving scores partially mediated the relationships between illness uncertainty and anxious, depressive, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Constructive problem-solving scores did not mediate these relationships. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that illness uncertainty and dysfunctional problem-solving strategies, but not constructive problem-solving strategies, may play a key role in the adjustment of caregivers of children newly diagnosed with cancer. Interventions aimed at managing illness uncertainty and mitigating the impact of dysfunctional problem-solving strategies may promote psychological adjustment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Basile
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University
| | - Marie L Chardon
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - James Peugh
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Clayton S Edwards
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University
| | - Lauren Szulczewski
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | | | - Rajaram Nagarajan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
| | - Ayman El-Sheikh
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Dayton Children's Hospital
| | - John M Chaney
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University
| | - Ahna L H Pai
- Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Larry L Mullins
- Department of Psychology, Center for Pediatric Psychology, Oklahoma State University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McGrady ME, Holbein CE, Smith AW, Morrison CF, Hommel KA, Modi AC, Pai ALH, Ramsey RR. An Independent Evaluation of the Accuracy and Usability of Electronic Adherence Monitoring Devices. Ann Intern Med 2018; 169:419-422. [PMID: 29800004 PMCID: PMC6817974 DOI: 10.7326/m17-3306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E McGrady
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.E.M., K.A.H., A.C.M., A.L.P., R.R.R.)
| | - Christina E Holbein
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.E.H., A.W.S.)
| | - Aimee W Smith
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio (C.E.H., A.W.S.)
| | | | - Kevin A Hommel
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.E.M., K.A.H., A.C.M., A.L.P., R.R.R.)
| | - Avani C Modi
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.E.M., K.A.H., A.C.M., A.L.P., R.R.R.)
| | - Ahna L H Pai
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.E.M., K.A.H., A.C.M., A.L.P., R.R.R.)
| | - Rachelle R Ramsey
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio (M.E.M., K.A.H., A.C.M., A.L.P., R.R.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pai ALH, Rausch J, Drake S, Morrison CF, Lee JL, Nelson A, Tackett A, Berger S, Szulczewski L, Mara C, Davies S. Poor Adherence Is Associated with More Infections after Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 24:381-385. [PMID: 29102720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We prospectively examined rates of outpatient oral medication adherence in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (post-HSCT). For 6 months after first discharge post-HSCT, 50 patients (aged 0 to 16 years) and their primary caregivers agreed to store 1 oral medication in an electronic pill bottle that date and time stamps each bottle opening. Demographics, disease, donor type, and prescribed post-HSCT medication regimen were collected via chart review. For each patient percent adherence was calculated by dividing the number of doses taken as indicated by the electronic pill bottle by the number of doses prescribed for the same time period. Average percent adherence ranged from 63% at 1 month after discharge to 57% at 6 months after discharge. For patients who received an allogeneic transplant, lower adherence was associated (P < .005) with higher infection rates, after controlling for age and time since transplant. No such relationship was observed for patients who received an autologous transplant. This study demonstrates that poor oral medication adherence is prevalent, persistent, and, for patients receiving an allogeneic transplant, associated with increased incidence of infections during the outpatient treatment period. This study highlights the need for further research examining factors that hinder medication adherence as well as monitoring, promoting, and intervening to maximize medication adherence throughout the HSCT course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahna L H Pai
- Patient and Family Wellness Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for the Promotion of Adherence and Self-Management, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Joseph Rausch
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sarah Drake
- Patient and Family Wellness Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for the Promotion of Adherence and Self-Management, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Caroline F Morrison
- Patient and Family Wellness Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for the Promotion of Adherence and Self-Management, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jennifer L Lee
- Center for the Promotion of Adherence and Self-Management, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adam Nelson
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alayna Tackett
- Center for the Promotion of Adherence and Self-Management, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Suzanne Berger
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lauren Szulczewski
- Patient and Family Wellness Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Center for the Promotion of Adherence and Self-Management, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Constance Mara
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stella Davies
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Morrison CF, Pai ALH, Martsolf D. Facilitators and Barriers to Self-Management for Adolescents and Young Adults Following a Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant [Formula: see text]. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2017; 35:36-42. [PMID: 28786302 DOI: 10.1177/1043454217723864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults who experience hematopoietic stem cell transplant are at risk for self-management difficulties based on development, psychological comorbidities, and the complexity of the care regimen. Recommendations for practice change were designed to address facilitators and barriers to self-management for adolescents and young adults following hematopoietic stem cell transplant. As part of a grounded theory research study, 30 participants (17 adolescents and young adults and 13 of their caregivers) were individually interviewed and asked about facilitators and barriers to managing care and advice for health care providers. Participant responses were coded into categories, which were named with terms used by the participants. The number of participants who provided data per category was recorded. Self-management is generally characterized only in the ability to follow a prescribed care regimen. Participants indicated mental and emotional experiences as a result of treatment were indistinguishable from self-management activities. Facilitators included having a positive attitude, social support, organization, motivation, and information. Barriers included physical and psychological symptoms, isolation, difficulties with the medication regimen, single parenting, and having a bad attitude. Advice for health care providers included communicating effectively, treating patients holistically, and providing social support.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Morrison
- 1 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,2 University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ahna L H Pai
- 1 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,3 University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Donna Martsolf
- 2 University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marsolo K, Shuman W, Nix J, Morrison CF, Mullins LL, Pai AL. Reducing Parental Uncertainty Around Childhood Cancer: Implementation Decisions and Design Trade-Offs in Developing an Electronic Health Record-Linked Mobile App. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e122. [PMID: 28652227 PMCID: PMC5506330 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer are confronted with multiple stressors that place them at risk for significant psychological distress. One strategy that has been shown to help reduce uncertainty is the provision of basic information; however, families of newly diagnosed cancer patients are often bombarded with educational material. Technology has the potential to help families manage their informational needs and move towards normalization. Objective The aim of this study was to create a mobile app that pulls together data from both the electronic health record (EHR) and vetted external information resources to provide tailored information to parents of newly diagnosed children as one method to reduce the uncertainty around their child’s illness. This app was developed to be used by families in a National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed at decreasing uncertainty and the subsequent psychological distress. Methods A 2-phase qualitative study was conducted to elicit the features and content of the mobile app based on the needs and experience of parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer and their providers. Example functions include the ability to view laboratory results, look up appointments, and to access educational material. Educational material was obtained from databases maintained by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) as well as from groups like the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) and care teams within Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC). The use of EHR-based Web services was explored to allow data like laboratory results to be retrieved in real-time. Results The ethnographic design process resulted in a framework that divided the content of the mobile app into the following 4 sections: (1) information about the patient’s current treatment and other data from the EHR; (2) educational background material; (3) a calendar to view upcoming appointments at their medical center; and (4) a section where participants in the RCT document the study data. Integration with the NCI databases was straightforward; however, accessing the EHR Web services posed a challenge, though the roadblocks were not technical in nature. The lack of a formal, end-to-end institutional process for requesting Web service access and a mechanism to shepherd the request through all stages of implementation proved to be the biggest barrier. Conclusions We successfully deployed a mobile app with a custom user interface that can integrate with the EHR to retrieve laboratory results and appointment information using vendor-provided Web services. Developers should expect to face hurdles when integrating with the EHR, but many of them can be addressed with frequent communication and thorough documentation. Executive sponsorship is also a key factor for success. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02505165; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02505165 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.Webcitation.org/6r9ZSUgoT)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Marsolo
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - William Shuman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jeremy Nix
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Caroline F Morrison
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Larry L Mullins
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Ahna Lh Pai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Bone marrow transplant (BMT) units are stressful work environments with high staff burnout, anxiety, and turnover. A qualitative study was undertaken to better understand care for nurses within the context of their clinical practice on a pediatric BMT unit. Understanding care practices for BMT nurses will allow us to design interventions and provide appropriate support for this subspecialty of nurses. Focus groups were held with 24 nurses as key participants, and 2 focus groups with general participants: unit management (N = 2) and caregivers of inpatients (N = 7). Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis. Data were transcribed verbatim and coded to consensus by members of the research team. Five themes emerged from the data: ( a) experiencing stressful situations that impede care, ( b) growing and developing personally and professionally, ( c) providing trustworthy and respectful care, ( d) acquiring meaningful coping skills, and ( e) sharing with others versus isolation. Stress management, professional development, and interdisciplinary communication were areas that emerged for potential intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edith J. Morris
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Morrison CF, Martsolf DM, Wehrkamp N, Tehan R, Pai ALH. Medication Adherence in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Review of the Literature. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 23:562-568. [PMID: 28087458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adherence to oral medications has been repeatedly shown to fall below the recommended 80% to 95% in pediatric and adult cancer populations. The purpose of this review is to report the state of the science about oral medication adherence during the acute phase of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation across the lifespan. An exhaustive search of the literature yielded 5 records for inclusion in the review. Two studies examined adherence in pediatrics, 2 in adults, and 1 included both pediatric and adult patients. Three studies were descriptive and 2 were interventional in design. The rate of adherence to oral medications ranged from 33% to 94.7%. Adherence decreased over time in all studies except in 1 pharmacist-led intervention study. Different methods were used to measure adherence, but most relied on self-report. Further research is needed in medication adherence in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to better understand facilitators, barriers, and relationships to health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Morrison
- Center for the Promotion of Adherence and Self-Management, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | | | - Nicole Wehrkamp
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rebecca Tehan
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ahna L H Pai
- Center for the Promotion of Adherence and Self-Management, Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Patient and Family Wellness Center, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Goetzl EJ, Voice JK, Shen S, Dorsam G, Kong Y, West KM, Morrison CF, Harmar AJ. Enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity and diminished immediate-type hypersensitivity in mice lacking the inducible VPAC(2) receptor for vasoactive intestinal peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:13854-9. [PMID: 11698667 PMCID: PMC61131 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.241503798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2001] [Accepted: 09/24/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and its G protein-coupled receptors, VPAC(1)R and VPAC(2)R, are prominent in the immune system and regulate many aspects of T cell-dependent immunity. In mouse T cells, VPAC(1)R is expressed constitutively, whereas VPAC(2)R is induced by immune stimuli. VPAC(2)R-null (VPAC(2)R(-/-)) mice on a C57BL/6 background are shown here to have normal basic immune characteristics, including serum Ig concentrations, blood levels of all leukocytes, and spleen number of total T cells (CD3(+)) and T cells bearing CD4, CD8, and CD28. Hapten-evoked cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was significantly enhanced in VPAC(2)R-null mice compared with age- and sex-matched wild-type mice. In contrast, generation of IgE anti-hapten antibodies and active cutaneous anaphylaxis were > or =70% lower in VPAC(2)R-null mice than in wild-type controls. Cytokine production by splenic CD4(+) T cells, stimulated with adherent anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 antibodies, revealed higher levels of IL-2 (mean = 3-fold) and IFN-gamma (mean = 3-fold), and lower levels of IL-4 (mean = one-fifth) in VPAC(2)R-null mice than wild-type controls. Loss of VIP-VPAC(2)R maintenance of the normal ratio of Th2/Th1 cytokines thus leads to a state of enhanced DTH and depressed immediate-type hypersensitivity, which may alter both host defense and susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E J Goetzl
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94143-071, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shen S, Spratt C, Sheward WJ, Kallo I, West K, Morrison CF, Coen CW, Marston HM, Harmar AJ. Overexpression of the human VPAC2 receptor in the suprachiasmatic nucleus alters the circadian phenotype of mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:11575-80. [PMID: 11027354 PMCID: PMC17242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.21.11575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) belong to a superfamily of structurally related peptide hormones that includes glucagon, glucagon-like peptides, secretin, and growth hormone-releasing hormone. Microinjection of VIP or PACAP into the rodent suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) phase shifts the circadian pacemaker and VIP antagonists, and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides have been shown to disrupt circadian function. VIP and PACAP have equal potency as agonists of the VPAC(2) receptor (VPAC(2)R), which is expressed abundantly in the SCN, in a circadian manner. To determine whether manipulating the level of expression of the VPAC(2)R can influence the control of the circadian clock, we have created transgenic mice overexpressing the human VPAC(2)R gene from a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) construct. The YAC was modified by a strategy using homologous recombination to introduce (i) the HA epitope tag sequence (from influenza virus hemagglutinin) at the carboxyl terminus of the VPAC(2)R protein, (ii) the lacZ reporter gene, and (iii) a conditional centromere, enabling YAC DNA to be amplified in culture in the presence of galactose. High levels of lacZ expression were detected in the SCN, habenula, pancreas, and testis of the transgenic mice, with lower levels in the olfactory bulb and various hypothalamic areas. Transgenic mice resynchronized more quickly than wild-type controls to an advance of 8 h in the light-dark (LD) cycle and exhibited a significantly shorter circadian period in constant darkness (DD). These data suggest that the VPAC(2)R can influence the rhythmicity and photic entrainment of the circadian clock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Shen
- Department of Neuroscience and Fujisawa Institute of Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
McDonald TP, Dinnis DM, Morrison CF, Harmar AJ. Desensitization of the human vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor (hVIP2/PACAP R): evidence for agonist-induced receptor phosphorylation and internalization. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 865:64-72. [PMID: 9927998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of phosphorylation and internalization in the desensitization of the hVIP2/PACAP receptor, we expressed a C-terminal epitope-tagged (hemagglutinin; YPYDVPDYASL) receptor in COS7 and HEK293 cell lines. Radiolabeling experiments demonstrated that exposure to agonist induced receptor phosphorylation significantly above basal levels. This receptor phosphorylation was greater than that induced by receptor-independent activation of PKA with forskolin and that induced by co-application of forskolin and agonist. This suggests that receptor occupancy promotes phosphorylation and also that receptor phosphorylation may involve a specific G protein-coupled receptor kinase in addition to PKA. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that the receptor was internalized in response to agonist to a single site of accumulation within the cell and this was dependent on temperature, agonist concentration, and time. Further studies will focus on identifying phosphorylation sites and endocytic signals within the hVIP2/PACAP R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P McDonald
- MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Morningside, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
McDonald TP, Morrison CF, Dinnis DM, Harmar AJ. Evidence for protein kinase A (PKA) dependent and independent desensitisation and phosphorylation of the human vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor (VIP2). Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:442S. [PMID: 9388666 DOI: 10.1042/bst025442s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T P McDonald
- MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, University Department of Pharmacology, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Paterson JM, Morrison CF, Mendelson SC, McAllister J, Quinn JP. An upstream stimulatory factor (USF) binding motif is critical for rat preprotachykinin-A promoter activity in PC12 cells. Biochem J 1995; 310 ( Pt 2):401-6. [PMID: 7654175 PMCID: PMC1135909 DOI: 10.1042/bj3100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the presence of a functional E box motif in the proximal rat preprotachykinin-A (rPPT) promoter. This element (spanning nucleotides -67 to -47) exhibits the sequence 5'-CACGTG-3' which is recognized and bound by the basic helix-loop-helix family of regulatory proteins. We also show that at least one of the factors bound to this rPPT promoter element in both HeLa and PC12 nuclear extract is the ubiquitously expressed transcription factor, the upstream stimulatory factor (USF). Mutation of this element by insertion of a 10 bp linker into the E box motif, in an rPPT promoter fragment spanning -865 to +92, destroys the ability of this promoter fragment to support reporter gene expression in a PC12 cell model of rPPT promoter activity. The data indicate that this rPPT E box element is likely to function as an important cis-regulatory domain in the rPPT promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Paterson
- MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Scotland, U.K
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Quinn JP, Mendelson SC, Paterson JM, McAllister J, Morrison CF. Transcriptional control of neuropeptide gene expression in sensory neurons, using the preprotachykinin-A gene as a model. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1995; 73:957-62. [PMID: 8846436 DOI: 10.1139/y95-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Control of neuropeptide gene expression in sensory neurons is determined in part by a variety of tissue-specific, developmental, and stimulus-induced transcription factors that interact with the promoters of these genes. We have analysed the regulation of the rat preprotachykinin-A (rPPT) gene, which is expressed in a subset of dorsal root ganglia neurons. A region of the promoter encompassing approximately 1300 base pairs spanning the transcriptional start site has been analysed in detail both by functional analysis of promoter activity in clonal cell lines and dorsal root ganglia neurons grown in culture and by in vitro characterisation of transcription factor interaction with this region. Interestingly our analysis indicates an important role in rPPT gene expression for the E box transcription factor family. This class of transcription factor has been demonstrated to be a major determinant of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) expression, which is also expressed in dorsal root ganglia neurons often under similar conditions as rPPT. In addition, multiple regulatory domains have been identified in the rPPT promoter, which act as activators in a variety of cell types. These elements are silenced in the context of the rPPT promoter in many non-neuronal cells. Therefore, tissue-specific expression of reporter genes directed by the rPPT promoter in transient transfection is determined in part by a variety of silencer elements, which act to repress the function of several domains that act as constitutive enhancers of expression in a wide range of cells. Removal or modulation of silencer elements in the rPPT promoter allows activity in a wider variety of cell types. We postulate that control of rPPT gene expression is the results of dynamic interplay of both positive and negative regulatory elements, a phenomenon observed in several other neuronal-specific genes, including that encoding CGRP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Quinn
- Medical Research Council Brain Metabolism Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Paterson JM, Mendelson SC, McAllister J, Morrison CF, Dobson S, Grace C, Quinn JP. Three immediate early gene response elements in the proximal preprotachykinin-A promoter in two functionally distinct domains. Neuroscience 1995; 66:921-32. [PMID: 7651619 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(95)00041-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The preprotachykinin-A promoter contains two blocks of DNA sequence, with a high degree of homology to one another, both containing activator protein 1/cAMP response element-like elements which constitute cis-acting regulatory domains. These two domains are differentially regulated in HeLa cells and primary cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons when they are placed in the context of a reporter gene driven by the c-fos minimum promoter. One of the domains, corresponding to a region of the preprotachykinin promoter spanning nucleotides -345 to -308, contains two activator protein 1 elements adjacent to an E-box binding protein consensus sequence. Both of the activator protein 1 elements can bind a complex containing c-fos/c-fos related antigen proteins and the adjacent E-box element is specifically recognized by proteins present in HeLa nuclear extract. This domain requires the synergistic action of both activator protein 1 elements to drive expression of the reporter gene in both HeLa and dorsal root ganglion cells. The second or proximal domain spans nucleotides -198 to -155 and contains a previously characterized activator protein 1/cAMP response element/ATF enhancer element which, in contrast to the activator protein 1 elements in the distal domain, functions in both HeLa and dorsal root ganglion cells as one copy. This domain is differentially regulated in HeLa and dorsal root ganglia. The previously characterized enhancer activity is repressed in the context of the extended cis-acting domain in HeLa cells but remains active in dorsal root ganglion, although no further enhancement of activity supported by the single enhancer is observed when in the context of the extended sequence. This proximal domain, in addition to binding the enhancer complex, can be bound by at least two other complexes, one of which binds to an E-box consensus sequence. As the elements corresponding to the E-box consensus in both domains cross-compete for binding of specific complex(es) it would appear that repression of the activity of the proximal domain is correlated with a specific protein complex binding adjacent to the characterized enhancer in the region spanning nucleotides -198 to -155. The preprotachykinin-A proximal promoter is therefore bound by multiple activator protein I complexes, which in the context of the cis-acting domains in which they are present can be differentially regulated. In the proximal domain their function may also be regulated in a tissue-specific manner by other proteins which bind to adjacent regulatory elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Paterson
- MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Paterson JM, Morrison CF, Dobson SP, McAllister J, Quinn JP. Characterisation of a functional E box motif in the proximal rat preprotachykinin-A promoter. Neurosci Lett 1995; 191:185-8. [PMID: 7644142 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11588-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Three E box motifs, which are upstream of the major transcriptional start site, have previously been characterised in the rat preprotachykinin-A (rPPT) promoter. Only one of these, in the proximal promoter spanning nucleotides -67 to -47, has been demonstrated to support reporter gene expression in clonal cell lines under basal growth conditions. Here we demonstrate that the reporter gene expression can be further induced by the action of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) and nerve growth factor (NGF), respectively, in both HeLa and the neuronally derived PC12 cells. This response is due to the E box motif and not an overlapping consensus sequence for a putative AP1 element, a class of element previously demonstrated to respond to both TPA and NGF in these cell lines. Finally, we demonstrate that this E box motif can support similar levels of reporter gene expression in primary cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons as observed in clonal cell lines, demonstrating that E box binding complexes can (1) function as a transcriptional regulator in dorsal root ganglion neurons and (2) bind to and therefore presumably regulate rPPT promoter activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Paterson
- MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mendelson SC, Morrison CF, McAllister J, Paterson JM, Dobson SP, Mulderry PK, Quinn JP. Repression of preprotachykinin-A promoter activity is mediated by a proximal promoter element. Neuroscience 1995; 65:837-47. [PMID: 7609882 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(94)00554-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The rat preprotachykinin-A promoter, which is able to direct reporter gene expression in adult dorsal root ganglia neurons grown in culture, has no detectable activity in HeLa and PC12 cells. DNAase 1 footprinting and electrophoretic mobility shift analyses with HeLa nuclear extract indicated the presence of a protein complex binding to a region of the rat preprotachykinn-A gene promoter between the TATA box and the major transcriptional start site. We demonstrate that the sequence of the preprotachykinin-A promoter spanning nucleotides -47 to +92 functions to repress reporter gene expression in HeLa and PC12 cells but not in adult rat dorsal root ganglia grown in culture, and that this repression is correlated with a protein(s) binding to the element between the TATA box and major transcription initiation site. These results indicate that the tissue-specific expression of the preprotachykinin-A gene could require the interaction of both positive and negative regulatory DNA elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Mendelson
- MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Morrison CF, McAllister J, Lyons V, Chapman K, Quinn JP. The rat preprotachykinin-A promoter is regulated in PC12 cells by the synergistic action of multiple stimuli. Neurosci Lett 1994; 181:117-20. [PMID: 7898749 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate in PC12 cells that although nerve growth factor, forskolin or potassium-evoked depolarisation independently induced minimal or no expression from the rat preprotachykinin-A gene (rPPT) promoter linked to a reporter gene, exposure of the cells to various combinations of these stimuli specifically activated the rPPT promoter in transient transfection assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Morrison
- MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The rat Preprotachykinin-A promoter (PPT) directs high levels of expression in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in culture either endogenously or when linked to a receptor construct. It is not active in any of the established tissue culture cell lines which we have analyzed. To search for transcriptional regulators within this promoter we have started to dissect the promoter into individual elements to determine their function. A DNA element which had previously been suggested to regulate transcription from DNA sequence analysis of the rat PPT promoter occurs at position -200 relative to the major start of transcription within the PPT promoter. The equivalent element from the bovine PPT promoter had previously been proposed to be a cAMP responsive element (CRE). The sequence of this enhancer has similarities with both the AP1 and CRE DNA consensus sequences. We have demonstrated that one copy of this rat PPT element linked to a heterologous basal promoter will enhance transcription in HeLa and PC12 cell lines as well as adult rat DRG neurons grown in culture. It is also demonstrated that the rat PPT element will bind proteins in HeLa nuclear extract distinct from those binding to the well-characterized Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus (GALV) AP1 or somatostatin CRE sites by gel retardation analysis. This PPT element, when cloned in a heterologous reporter construct, although showing properties of both AP1 and CRE elements, was functionally distinguished from both the somatostatin CRE element and the GALV AP1 enhancer when these elements were tested in the same reporter construct. This PPT element has a constitutive level of activity in adult rat DRG neurons, which is fivefold higher than that driven by the reporter construct promoter. It is also significantly different from the same reporter construct linked to the somatostatin CRE and analyzed in DRG neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Morrison
- MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gilchrist CA, Morrison CF, Harmar AJ. A single-stranded DNA binding protein which interacts with sequences within the bovine preprotachykinin promoter: regulation by nerve growth factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1992; 187:1395-400. [PMID: 1417815 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(92)90457-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The production of substance P (SP) and the mRNA encoding its precursor preprotachykinin (PPT) is regulated by nerve growth factor (NGF) in dorsal root ganglion neurons. We have shown previously that two regions of the bovine PPT promoter are capable of mediating the induction by NGF of the downstream structural gene in transfected PC12 cells. Both regions contained a sequence element, similar to a known transcription factor binding site, which is present in several other NGF-regulated genes. We show here that PC12 cells contain a single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSBP-PC12) which can interact specifically with this site. Binding activity was increased by NGF treatment of PC12 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Gilchrist
- MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Scotland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gilchrist CA, Morrison CF, Chapman KE, Harmar AJ. Identification of nerve growth factor-responsive sequences within the 5' region of the bovine preprotachykinin gene. DNA Cell Biol 1991; 10:743-9. [PMID: 1741955 DOI: 10.1089/dna.1991.10.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of substance P and the mRNA encoding its precursor (preprotachykinin, PPT) is regulated by nerve growth factor (NGF) in dorsal root ganglion (drg) neurons. To explore the mechanism by which NGF regulates the production of PPT mRNA, we have transfected PC12 cells and F11 cells with plasmids containing the bovine PPT promoter linked to the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). We have identified (i) functional elements within the PPT promoter which are necessary for expression in the absence of NGF and (ii) two separate regions, each of approximately 250 bp, which confer NGF responsiveness. Both regions contained a sequence element, similar to a known transcription factor binding site, which is present in several other NGF-regulated genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Gilchrist
- MRC Brain Metabolism Unit, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Morrison CF, Hill TC. Cerebral perfusion imaging. Curr Opin Radiol 1989; 1:468-74. [PMID: 2701382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C F Morrison
- New England Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Rats were trained on a Sidman lever-pressing avoidance task. Half the animals received 0.4 mg nicotine/kg before each avoidance session. Rats which were successful performers had heavier adrenal glands. Nicotine facillitated avoidance and increased adrenal weight. Successful avoiders also tended to have higher hippocampal 5-HT levels. Hypothalamic 5-HT was elevated in animals which had just received many shocks during the final avoidance session but not in rats which had received a comparable number of unavoidable shocks. No effects of nicotine on noradrenaline or corticosterone were detected nor were these measures related to avoidance performance.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
Abstract
1. Rats were injected with 0.8 mg nicotine/kg, 0.8 mg amphetamine/kg or with saline immediately before being tested for 30 min in activity boxes.2. During the first 3 trials the nicotine group were less active than the controls but from trial 5 onwards nicotine had a stimulant effect. The stimulant effect of the amphetamine did not alter with repeated injection.
Collapse
|
29
|
Morrison CF. A potential screening test for minor tranquilizing drug action. Br J Pharmacol 1970; 38:460P. [PMID: 5417886 PMCID: PMC1702785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
|
30
|
|
31
|
|
32
|
|
33
|
Morrison CF, Goodyear JM, Sellers CM. Antagonism by antimuscarinic and ganglion-blocking drugs of some of the behavioural effects of nicotine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1969; 15:341-50. [PMID: 4390931 DOI: 10.1007/bf00403709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
34
|
Abstract
Abstract
Doses of nicotine (0·2 and 0·4 mg/kg subcutaneously) which depress spontaneous activity, improve the ability of mice to remain on a rotating rod, indicating that the reduction in activity is not due to non-specific disruption of motor ability.
The performance of rats trained to press a bar for water rewards is stimulated by small subcutaneous doses (0·05, 0·1 mg/kg) of nicotine; larger doses (0·2, 0·4 mg/kg) briefly reduce the rate of bar-pressing before increasing it (Morrison, 1967). The larger doses also depress spontaneous motor activity in mice (Morrison & Armitage, 1967). In the present experiments a rotating rod (Dunham & Miya, 1957) was used to test whether the depresssion of spontaneous activity caused by nicotine is a result of motor incapacity.
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
|
37
|
|
38
|
|
39
|
|
40
|
Armitage AK, Milton AS, Morrison CF. Effects of nicotine and some nicotine-like compounds injected into the cerebral ventricles of the cat. Br J Pharmacol Chemother 1966; 27:33-45. [PMID: 5961468 PMCID: PMC1510792 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1966.tb01639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|