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Tabatabaeian A, Hosseinian S, Taheri A, Leavitt CE. The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation in the Relationship Between Sexual Mindfulness and Relational Quality in a Sample of Iranian Women. J Sex Marital Ther 2024; 50:468-481. [PMID: 38374609 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2024.2309965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Mindfulness during sex has shown many positive relational and sexual outcomes. However, little is known about the ways in which sexual mindfulness works to improve an individual's experience. This study investigated the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between sexual mindfulness and relational quality in a sample of Iranian women. Using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, we examined data from 265 women aged 19 to 50 years (M = 31.76, SD = 8.47). Results showed a significant positive relationship between relational quality and sexual mindfulness (p < .001, β = .13), sexual mindfulness and reappraisal strategy (p < .001, β = .65), and relational quality and reappraisal strategy (p < .001, β = .78). The reduction of the path coefficient in the full mediation model compared to the direct model indicating a partial mediation role of the reappraisal strategy was confirmed in relation to sexual mindfulness and relational quality. These findings may help identify one path, emotion regulation, through which sexual mindfulness works. This study provides psychologists and counselors evidence that both sexual mindfulness and emotion regulation are positive skills that likely improve the quality of their clients' relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Tabatabaeian
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Hosseinian
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Taheri
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Busby DM, Leonhardt ND, Hanna-Walker V, Leavitt CE. Is the association of sexual quality with relationship satisfaction really stronger when the sexual relationship is functioning poorly? J Marital Fam Ther 2024; 50:233-255. [PMID: 38044553 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to bring empirical evidence to the oft-quoted assumption that sexual quality has a stronger association with the overall relationship when sexuality is dysfunctional as compared to when it is optimal. Using three national samples to analyze a structural equation model, the results verified this assumption with some adaptations. There was an interaction between the association of sexual quality and the overall relationship depending on how sexually satisfied couples were in the sexuality area. However, it was when sexuality was only moderately satisfying rather than at high or low levels that it had the strongest associations with relationship satisfaction. Also, female sexual quality had a significant association with both partner's relationship satisfaction whereas male's sexual quality only had actor effects. Additionally, the sexual relationship had a stronger association with relationship satisfaction and dissatisfaction for couples who reported both low levels of sexual satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean M Busby
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Veronica Hanna-Walker
- Department of Human Development and Familiy Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chelom E Leavitt
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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3
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Hanna-Walker V, Walters TL, Wesche R, Leavitt CE, Lefkowitz ES. Religiosity, sexual behaviors, sexual motivations, and gender: A three-year longitudinal study. J Res Adolesc 2023; 33:943-956. [PMID: 36999207 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal data are critical for examining associations of religiosity with sexual behaviors and motivations during college. We use hierarchical linear modeling on five semesters of data from a diverse sample of college students (N = 735) to examine within- and between-person associations between religious service attendance and importance of religion and sexual behaviors and motivations for and against sex and consider gender as a moderator. Between-person religiosity was associated with sexual behaviors and motivations whereas within-person religiosity was not. Students' sexual motivations co-varied across semesters with their religious service attendance and importance of religion. Our results indicated more restrictive associations between religiosity and sexual motivations for women than for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Hanna-Walker
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tracy L Walters
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rose Wesche
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Chelom E Leavitt
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Eva S Lefkowitz
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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4
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Leavitt CE, Price AA, Smedley D, Eyring JB, Yorgason JB, Holmes EK. The Power of Mindfulness: Examining Power Imbalances, Mindfulness, and Couples' Relational and Sexual Well-Being. J Sex Marital Ther 2023; 50:18-34. [PMID: 37565708 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2023.2243929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Perceptions of power imbalance are common in relationships. We used the relational model of mindfulness to examine links between marital perceptions of power, relational and sexual well-being and to evaluate whether trait mindfulness and sexual mindfulness moderate these associations. Using a nationally representative sample (N = 1,519 couples at Wave III) of mixed-sex newlywed couples, an actor-partner-interdependence model indicated that trait mindfulness and state sexually mindful awareness buffered the link between men's and women's own perceived power imbalance and relational well-being. Sexually mindful non-judgment, however, accentuated the negative association between perceived power imbalance and sexual well-being for men. We discuss the need for therapists to consider the need to encourage mindful awareness to attenuate perceptions of power imbalances and to evaluate how sexually mindful non-judgment influences men's feelings of sexual well-being. Therapeutic implications of these findings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelom E Leavitt
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Amber A Price
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel Smedley
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - J B Eyring
- Spencer Fox School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jeremy B Yorgason
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Erin K Holmes
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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5
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Hill EJ, LeBaron-Black AB, Leavitt CE, Li X. Editorial: Sex, money, and romantic relationships. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1225763. [PMID: 37384188 PMCID: PMC10296192 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1225763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Jeffrey Hill
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | | | - Chelom E. Leavitt
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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6
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Leavitt CE, Leonhardt ND, Eldredge JG, Busby DM, Clarke RW. A trifecta: patterns in orgasm consistency, relational satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction. J Sex Med 2023; 20:525-535. [PMID: 36779553 DOI: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We based this study on the sexual wholeness model, which considers emotional, physical, and meaning elements of sexuality, and previous research that indicates variability in the associations among orgasm consistency, relational satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction. AIM We performed a person-based latent class approach to examine variables linked with the trifecta of orgasm consistency, relational satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction. METHODS We used a Mechanical Turk sample that consisted of 1645 sexually active participants (1032 women) to evaluate classes and related variables. OUTCOMES Women divided into 5 classes and men into 3 classes. High orgasm consistency alone did not ensure sexual or relational satisfaction. RESULTS We found that 5 groups emerged for women: high orgasm/low satisfaction (6%), low trifecta (8%), low orgasm/high satisfaction (16%), moderate orgasm/high satisfaction (15%), and high trifecta (55%). For men, 3 groups emerged: lower orgasm/high satisfaction (12%), moderate trifecta (14%), and high trifecta (74%). We also found that high orgasm consistency for women did not guarantee relational and sexual satisfaction, nor did lower orgasm consistency for men or women guarantee problematic relational and sexual satisfaction. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Communication, attachment, and sexual harmony were key elements associated with positive trifecta outcomes. Clinicians and educators may emphasize the importance of these variables when individuals encounter sexual or relational distress. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS Data analytic techniques revealed a variety of groups for men and women and associations between a host of physical, psychological, and meaning variables and the trifecta of orgasm consistency, relational satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction. However, this study is cross-sectional and correlational, which limits the conclusions that we can draw from it. CONCLUSION While the variables of orgasm consistency, relational satisfaction, and sexual satisfaction are each informative, together they help clinicians, educators, and researchers better understand the complexity of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelom E Leavitt
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84603, United States
| | - Nathan D Leonhardt
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84603, United States
| | - Joanna Gurr Eldredge
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84603, United States
| | - Dean M Busby
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84603, United States
| | - Rebecca W Clarke
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84603, United States
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7
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Price AA, McCann KGY, Kunzler L, Leavitt CE, Holmes EK. Body Image and Sex: A Dyadic Examination of Body Esteem and Sexual Inhibition, Obsession, and Harmony. J Sex Res 2023:1-11. [PMID: 36624975 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2164243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
How each individual within a relationship views their body may play a role in how they experience their sexual interactions. Previous research found associations between body image and sexual well-being at an individual level, but very little research has examined a dyadic association between body image and sexual and relational well-being. Using a nationally representative sample of 2,177 newlywed couples, this study used an Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM) to estimate actor and partner associations between body esteem and relationship satisfaction, using sexual styles - inhibited, obsessed, or harmonious - as potential mediators. Findings showed both actor and partner effects. Body esteem was positively associated with own and partner's sexual harmony. Both men's and women's body esteem were negatively associated with women's sexual inhibition. A positive association between body esteem and own relationship satisfaction remained even when accounting for sexual mediators. Additional findings are discussed. These findings indicate that an individual's comfort with the body may be associated with sexual and relational well-being for both partners.
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Fraser AM, Leavitt CE, Yorgason JB, Price AA. "Feeling It": Links between elements of compassion and sexual well-being. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1017384. [PMID: 36687821 PMCID: PMC9846806 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Compassion may be a particularly important component of a sexual relationship as it facilitates needed self-awareness, understanding, and connection to frame deeply intimate expressions of sexual emotion and vulnerability. Given the lack of research on how broad concepts of compassionate elements may be linked to sexual well-being, we examine how mindfulness (an ability to maintain awareness in the present moment), compassionate relational attitudes (i.e., accessibility, responsiveness, and engagement), and compassionate relational behaviors (i.e., forgiveness and gratitude), are linked to sexual well-being (sexual harmony, orgasm consistency, and sexual frequency), and sexual mindfulness (a state of being mindful during sex) for oneself and one's partner. Methods We constructed an actor partner structural equation model with newly married couples (n = 2,111) and regressed sexual outcomes at time 1 and time 2 on each partner's compassionate attitudes, behaviors and mindfulness reported at time 1. Results Results showed that cross-sectionally, nearly all elements of one's compassion related to one's own sexual well-being for both partners. Strongest paths included positive significant relations for women between mindfulness and non-judgment and from compassionate relational attitudes and behaviors to sexual harmony. Men's compassionate behaviors were positively related to their own sexual awareness. Perhaps more importantly, women's and men's compassionate behaviors had significant effects on their partner's sexual well-being longitudinally. Discussion Implications include an emphasis on compassion as a key mechanism that can increase sexual satisfaction and strengthen relationships, particularly in the critical time of early marriage where patterns of interconnectedness are being established.
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9
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Price AA, Busby DM, Leavitt CE. The Need for Sexual Wholeness: Linking Self-Determination Theory to the Physical, Emotional, and Meaning Aspects of Sex. J Sex Marital Ther 2022; 49:229-241. [PMID: 35796519 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2022.2094304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexuality is a highly complex aspect of a human's existence with several elements contributing to a quality sexual relationship. This study examined a broad scope of sexuality encompassing physical, emotional, and meaning aspects of sex, or sexual wholeness. Sexual wholeness is grounded in the idea that a self-determined sexual relationship in which three innate human needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) are met is more likely to promote sexual well-being. Using a sample of 884 adults in long-term relationships, we used structural equation modeling to estimate the association between each of the three self-determination theory (SDT) needs and the physical, emotional, and meaning aspects of sex. We found that overall, greater SDT needs satisfaction predicted sexual wholeness, though some needs held more bearing than others and the associations with components of sexual wholeness varied. For women, the physical aspect of sex was predicted by autonomy (predicted comfort) and competence (predicted sexual knowledge) but for the physical aspects of sex for men, no significant associations were found. The emotional aspect of sex was associated with all three SDT needs for both men and women and sexual meaning was associated with competence and relatedness for both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber A Price
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Dean M Busby
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Chelom E Leavitt
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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10
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Leonhardt ND, Clarke RW, Leavitt CE. Religiosity, Sexual Satisfaction, and Relationship Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of Sexual Mindfulness and Sexual Sanctification. J Sex Marital Ther 2022; 49:155-171. [PMID: 35642721 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2022.2080132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There are a variety of conditions under which religiosity may be positively or negatively associated with sexual and relationship satisfaction. To better understand these conditions, we conducted two studies using two separate samples: one with individuals (1,695 individuals), and one with couples (481 dyads), to test how sexual sanctification and sexual mindfulness moderate these associations. Across studies sexual mindfulness was positively associated with sexual and relationship satisfaction for the individual and partner, but there was no evidence for moderation; sexual sanctification was consistently associated with higher sexual and relationship satisfaction, and in some cases moderated the association between religiosity and both sexual and relationship satisfaction for women and men. In Study 1, religiosity was associated with lower sexual and relationship satisfaction for both men and women when sexual sanctification was low, but not with either type of satisfaction when sexual sanctification was high. In Study 2, religiosity was positively associated with sexual satisfaction for men but only when sexual sanctification was high. The combined evidence indicates that sexual sanctification may be one factor that distinguishes whether religion helps or hinders sexual and relationship satisfaction.
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11
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Busby DM, Hanna-Walker VR, Leavitt CE, Carroll JS. The sexual wholeness model: An initial evaluation with two samples. J Marital Fam Ther 2022; 48:643-664. [PMID: 34003492 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Based upon the psychological needs delimited in self-determination theory, we created the sexual wholeness model to encapsulate the different dimensions (physical, emotional, and meaning) that create couple sexuality. We evaluated the model with data from two national samples (Sample 1, n = 610; Sample 2, n = 884), by examining the association between sexual, relationship, and life satisfaction, and attachment with the different elements of the sexual wholeness model using harmonious sexual passion as an intermediate variable. The emotional dimension had the strongest associations in both samples with harmonious sexual passion and all other outcomes except attachment. The physical dimension of sexuality had a surprisingly strong association with attachment and sexual satisfaction. In addition, couples' self-evaluation of the degree of sexual wholeness in their relationship was strongly associated with harmonious passion and all other outcomes, providing another level of validity to the dimensions of the model and the potential utility for using this model to assist in couple therapy.
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12
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Allsop DB, Leavitt CE, Yorgason JB, Holmes EK. Variable Sexual Satisfaction in Pregnancy: A Latent Profile Analysis of Pregnant Wives and Their Husbands. J Sex Res 2022; 59:173-184. [PMID: 34520286 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1970708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although not all couples achieve high levels of sexual satisfaction during pregnancy, evidence of variability in couple sexual satisfaction during pregnancy indicates that sexual dissatisfaction in pregnancy does not apply to all. Subsequently, the current study examined whether a nationally representative U.S. sample of wives and husbands (N = 523 couples) fell into subgroups in terms of their sexual satisfaction during pregnancy and to what degree biopsychosocial factors distinguish potential subgroups. Latent profile analyses, adjusted for pregnancy-related biological factors, indicated that couples could be classified into two subsets - a larger subset of couples where wives and husbands were satisfied with sex overall (79%) and a smaller subset where wives and husbands were neutral about satisfaction with sex (21%). Lower depressive symptoms among wives was associated with a greater likelihood of being in the more satisfied subset over the less satisfied subset - the only significant group membership predictor among a variety of other factors. Implications include notions that couples and practitioners should consider women's depressive symptoms throughout pregnancy in addition to the perinatal period, and that most U.S. newly married pregnant couples do well navigating sexual satisfaction challenges during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Allsop
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University
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13
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Busby DM, Leonhardt ND, Hanna-Walker V, Leavitt CE. Putting the Dyad into the Sexual Response Discussion: A Latent Class Analysis Using Ratings of Self and Partner. J Sex Res 2022; 59:185-202. [PMID: 33705212 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.1891189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study we explored the sexual response process in couple relationships. With a U.S. sample of 383 mixed-sex couples we found seven different classes of couple sexual response using Dyadic Latent Class Growth Analysis for ratings of self and partner about their most recent sexual experience. These classes ranged from synchronous High Arousal (31.6%) and Medium Arousal (27.7%) groups, to a few classes where one partner had a quick arousal process and the other partner had very low levels of arousal. Couples in these classes were differentiated on their levels of accuracy in understanding what their partner was experiencing, as one class had couples where men experienced higher arousal than women in the first part of the experience, but the male partner was aware of the discrepancy (Equifinality, 6.8%, i.e. couples start at different levels of arousal but end up at the same place), and another where men experienced higher arousal than women throughout the experience, but men inaccurately thought their partner also experienced higher arousal (Inaccurate Split, 7.3%). The seven classes had significantly different values on variables measuring the quality of the specific sexual experience. These classes also significantly differed on a variety of measures assessing the overall sexual relationship and the relationship as a whole. These findings counter the argument that the sexual response cycle is uniform for most couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean M Busby
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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14
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Leavitt CE, Allsop DB, Gurr J, Fawcett E, Boden J, Driggs S, Hawkins AJ. A couples’ relationship education intervention examining sexual mindfulness and trait mindfulness. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2021.2024802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David B. Allsop
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Joanna Gurr
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fawcett
- Department of Behavioral Science, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USA
| | - Jeremy Boden
- Department of Behavioral Science, Utah Valley University, Orem, UT, USA
| | - Shayla Driggs
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Alan J. Hawkins
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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15
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Busby DM, Leavitt CE, Yorgason JB, Richardson S, Allsop DB. Health, depression, and marital processes as they relate to sexual satisfaction and harmonious sexual passion: a biopsychosocial model. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2021.2019699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Dussault É, Lafortune D, Canivet C, Boislard MA, Leavitt CE, Godbout N. Validation of the French sexual mindfulness measure and its links with psychosexual well-being. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2021.2009794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Éliane Dussault
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David Lafortune
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cloé Canivet
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Natacha Godbout
- Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
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17
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Clarke RW, Leavitt CE, Allsop DB, Marks LD, Dollahite DC. How sexuality and religion intersect in highly religious families: implications for clinicians. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2021.2014052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca W. Clarke
- Brigham Young University, College of Family Home and Social Sciences, School of Family Life, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Chelom E. Leavitt
- Brigham Young University, College of Family Home and Social Sciences, School of Family Life, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - David B. Allsop
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Loren D. Marks
- Brigham Young University, College of Family Home and Social Sciences, School of Family Life, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - David C. Dollahite
- Brigham Young University, College of Family Home and Social Sciences, School of Family Life, Provo, Utah, USA
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18
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Abstract
The presence of and search for meaning has divergent and salient outcomes for individuals' physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Although numerous domains of meaning have been examined, the literature on the meaning of sex is sparse and lacks a quantitative measure. In this study, we evaluated a new general Meaning of Sex (MOS) Measure that captured the presence of (MOS-P) and search for (MOS-S) the meaning of sex by analyzing how these subscales were associated with important relational and sexual outcomes (i.e., relationship stability and satisfaction and sexual satisfaction) in two samples. For Sample 1, all participants (N = 865) reported engaging in what they considered to be sexual intercourse and were either single or in a relationship. For Sample 2, all participants (N = 884) reported being in a committed relationship for at least two years. With both samples, confirmatory factor analyses showed good construct validity as the two subscales were distinct from one another and had good reliability. The analyses also demonstrated divergent validity between both scales and meaning in life, sexual motivations, sexual beliefs, and religiosity. The MOS-S had a strong (and negative) association with relationship stability in both samples. The MOS-P had a strong (and positive) association with relationship satisfaction in both samples.
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19
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Allsop DB, Price AA, Hanna-Walker V, Leavitt CE, Milius EH, Driggs SM. Longitudinal associations between attachment, differentiation of self, and couple sexual and relational outcomes. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2021.2003320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David B. Allsop
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Amber A. Price
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Veronica Hanna-Walker
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Emily H. Milius
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Shayla M. Driggs
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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Clarke RW, Leavitt CE, Busby DM. Religious Piety and Sexual Passion: What Is the Connection? J Sex Marital Ther 2021; 48:221-237. [PMID: 34542022 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1979702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The association between religiosity and the construct of sexual passion was examined to see whether religiosity is associated with harmonious, inhibited, and obsessive sexual passion styles. Using multiple regression and checking for interactions between religiosity, gender, broad categories of religion (Catholic, other Christian, other religious, nonreligious), and the three sexual passion styles, the following associations were found: Religiosity had a significant curvilinear relationship to all three sexual passion styles, suggesting an overlap in levels of religiosity and the construct of sexual passion. Optimal sexual passion outcomes were found at both higher and lower levels of religiosity, whereas mid-level religiosity was associated with the less beneficial sexual passion outcomes. Religious men were significantly more obsessively passionate than religious women, and religious men and women were similarly high on levels of harmonious and low on inhibited sexual passion. There were no significant interactions between religiosity, broad categories of religion, and sexual passion styles. Understanding how religion and sexual passion are associated could be useful for applied researchers as well as those who work with religious individuals who want to help these individuals develop beneficial patterns of sexual passion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dean M Busby
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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21
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Abstract
In this study we explored how the amount of kissing during the most recent sexual experience (specific kissing) and amount of kissing during the last year (global kissing) were both associated with the quality of the sexual relationship and overall relationship satisfaction and dissatisfaction. To understand these associations, we obtained surveys from a national sample of 878 participants who had been in a romantic relationship for at least two years. We evaluated their results through a structural equation model and found that for women the rates of specific kissing were associated with their ability to orgasm, sexual frequency, and indirectly to sexual satisfaction. For both men and women, measures of global kissing were associated with both sexual and relationship satisfaction but more strongly with measures of sexual and relationship dissatisfaction. These findings suggest that measures of kissing could be used as a bellwether of both the quality of the sexual relationship for women and of feelings of dissatisfaction about both the sexual and overall relationship for both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean M Busby
- School of Famlly Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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22
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Smedley DK, Leavitt CE, Allsop DB, Nance M, James SL, Holmes EK. Mindfulness and Sexual Mindfulness as Moderators Between Conflict Resolution and Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction. J Sex Marital Ther 2021; 47:814-828. [PMID: 34472422 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1958962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness has shown positive links with conflict resolution. Additionally, couples skilled in conflict resolution report greater sexual and relationship satisfaction. However, no research has examined the moderating effect of mindfulness, specifically sexual mindfulness, between conflict resolution and sexual and relationship satisfaction. We used 1,627 couples from wave III of the Couple Relationships and Transition Experiences (CREATE) study. Sexual mindfulness moderated the association between conflict resolution and sexual satisfaction, even after controlling for attachment. Wives higher in sexual mindful awareness may rely less on conflict resolution for their sexual satisfaction. Karremans and colleagues' (2017) model of mindfulness and romantic relationships provides a framework for testing whether, when, and how mindfulness increases positive romantic relationship processes and outcomes. Under this framework, mindfulness may provide a mechanism to help couples achieve sexual and relationship satisfaction. Mindfulness and sexual mindfulness may provide a useful mechanism for therapists, educators, social workers, and couples to enhance satisfaction within the romantic and sexual relationship even without partner buy-in.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David B Allsop
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - McKenna Nance
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Spencer L James
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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23
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Leavitt CE, Maurer TF, Clyde TL, Clarke RW, Busby DM, Yorgason JB, Holmes EK, James S. Linking Sexual Mindfulness to Mixed-Sex Couples' Relational Flourishing, Sexual Harmony, and Orgasm. Arch Sex Behav 2021; 50:2589-2602. [PMID: 34405307 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02054-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Marriage is an important adult relationship, and recent research indicates that sexual mindfulness, awareness and non-judgment, may be an important tool in helping maintain relational and sexual well-being. Using a nationally representative U.S. sample of newly married, mixed-sex couples (women's age M = 29.70 years; men's age M = 31.76 years; N = 1473 couples), we evaluated whether the two factors of sexual mindfulness, awareness and non-judgment, were linked with relational flourishing, sexual harmony, and orgasm consistency. We utilized an actor-partner interdependence model within a structural equation modeling framework to evaluate how husbands' and wives' awareness and non-judgment were associated with relational flourishing, sexual harmony, and orgasm consistency. Results indicated that both wives' and husbands' awareness was positively associated with relational flourishing, sexual harmony, and orgasm consistency. Partner effects were found for all outcomes. However, no partner effects were found between non-judgment and orgasm consistency. Therapists, educators, and couples may consider the use of sexual mindfulness skills when addressing marriage and sexual relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelom E Leavitt
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2054 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Tawniele F Maurer
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2054 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Tiffany L Clyde
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2054 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Rebecca W Clarke
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2054 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Dean M Busby
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2054 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Jeremy B Yorgason
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2054 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Erin K Holmes
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2054 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Spencer James
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, 2054 JFSB, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
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24
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Allsop DB, Leavitt CE, Clarke RW, Driggs SM, Gurr JB, Marks LD, Dollahite DC. Perspectives from Highly Religious Families on Boundaries and Rules About Sex. J Relig Health 2021; 60:1576-1599. [PMID: 33464432 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-020-01171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the intersection of religion and boundaries placed around sex using qualitative data from 198 highly religious Muslim, Christian, and Jewish families. Coding performed by two researchers resulted in six core themes that provide insight into the connection between these two domains. Frequency counts of the core themes, participant quotes, and implications are presented-including the benefits of practitioners inquiring into how clients' faith affects sexual behavior and scripts, how fidelity and vows might serve a protective function for the relationships of highly religious couples, and how religion may empower women in terms of sexual boundary setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Allsop
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | | | | | - Shayla M Driggs
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Joanna B Gurr
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Loren D Marks
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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25
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Leonhardt ND, Busby DM, Hanna-Walker VR, Leavitt CE. Sanctification or inhibition? Religious dualities and sexual satisfaction. J Fam Psychol 2021; 35:433-444. [PMID: 32881560 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Religiosity can influence sexual satisfaction both positively and negatively. To test positive and negative mechanisms, we assessed how religiosity is indirectly associated with sexual satisfaction through sexual sanctification and inhibited sexual passion. We sampled individuals from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 1,695, Study 1) and mixed-sex dyads from Bovitz Inc. (N = 481 dyads, Study 2). Religiosity consistently had a positive indirect association with sexual satisfaction through sexual sanctification; little evidence suggested religiosity had an indirect association with sexual satisfaction through inhibited sexual passion. When accounting for these mechanisms simultaneously, however, religiosity consistently had a negative direct association with sexual satisfaction, supporting the possibility of religious dualities. In the couple study, men's religiosity predicted their partner reporting higher sexual sanctification (for married couples), but women's religiosity did not predict partner sexual sanctification. Altogether, these results paint a complex picture for how religiosity might influence sexuality. Understanding the nuance of these results may help people maximize the potential benefits of their belief systems in sexual relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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26
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Allsop DB, Leavitt CE, Saxey MT, Lawlor JM, Yorgason JB, James SL. How Empathy Moderates Associations Between Sexual and Relational Satisfaction. J Sex Marital Ther 2021; 47:545-557. [PMID: 33977837 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2021.1922563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Those with low sexual satisfaction tend to have low relational satisfaction. However, literature provides examples of those who maintain satisfying relationships despite low sexual satisfaction yet provides few clues as to what factors protect these individuals. Using U.S. nationally representative data from 1569 newlywed couples, we investigated if empathy for one's partner buffers individuals and couples from low relational satisfaction due to low sexual satisfaction. The positive connection between sexual satisfaction and relational satisfaction was weak for those reporting high empathy but was strong for those reporting low empathy. Empathy may protect against poor relational satisfaction when sexual satisfaction is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Allsop
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Chelom E Leavitt
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Matthew T Saxey
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Jenna M Lawlor
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Spencer L James
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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27
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Eyring JB, Leavitt CE, Allsop DB, Clancy TJ. Forgiveness and Gratitude: Links Between Couples' Mindfulness and Sexual and Relational Satisfaction in New Cisgender Heterosexual Marriages. J Sex Marital Ther 2020; 47:147-161. [PMID: 33263504 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2020.1842571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The association of mindfulness with couples' relational and sexual satisfaction may be mediated by forgiveness and gratitude. Although forgiveness and gratitude have individually been shown to play a role in couples' relational and sexual satisfaction, we use an integrated model. This study included 1,360 couples recruited through a nationwide two-stage cluster stratification. Using an actor-partner interdependence model, we found significant indirect effects (β = 0.01, 0.08, p < .01), indicating that forgiveness and gratitude mediated many of the associations between couples' mindfulness and their sexual and relational satisfaction. This may provide useful information for clinicians and therapists when addressing marital issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Eyring
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - David B Allsop
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tyler J Clancy
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Seidel AJ, Leavitt CE, Hansen D, Gill S. DIET-RELATED RELATIONSHIP PRESSURE AND CONFLICT: GENERATIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE MODERATING EFFECTS OF MINDFULNESS. Research in Human Development 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2020.1816128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Busby DM, Leonhardt ND, Leavitt CE, Hanna-Walker V. Challenging the Standard Model of Sexual Response: Evidence of a Variable Male Sexual Response Cycle. J Sex Res 2020; 57:848-859. [PMID: 31865767 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2019.1705960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Historically the male sexual response cycle was seen as uniform and used as the standard for women. Recent research has suggested that men's sexual response cycle may vary more than previously thought. We asked 520 sexually active men between the ages of 18-73 to report on their sexual desire and arousal patterns during their last sexual experience. Using a latent class mixture model from retrospective sexual response data, we found five classes of desire and arousal patterns. These patterns were examined for associations with demographics, outcomes during the sexual experience, and outcomes for the global relationship. The experiences of arousal and desire appear to be indistinguishable for men in this sample. The Fluctuation sexual response class (19% of men) and the High sexual response class (40%) were significantly different from most of the other classes in duration of their sexual experiences and overall satisfaction with their sexual experiences. Still, most sexual response patterns were associated with healthy relational and sexual outcomes. Variability in the male sexual response cycle is important to acknowledge and normalize.
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30
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Price AA, Leavitt CE, Allsop DB. How Gender Differences in Emotional Cutoff and Reactivity Influence Couple's Sexual and Relational Outcomes. J Sex Marital Ther 2020; 47:16-31. [PMID: 32821026 DOI: 10.1080/0092623x.2020.1800541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated gender differences in differentiation of self, specifically addressing aspects of emotional cutoff (EC) and emotional reactivity (ER), and their association with relational and sexual satisfaction and sexual desire. Midlife U.S. men and women (N = 334 married heterosexual couples; 50% female; 85% Caucasian, mean age 47.4 years) completed online surveys. Men reported higher levels of EC compared to women after accounting for control variables-a medium effect (Cohen's d = .48) which negatively predicted their own relationship and sexual satisfaction as well as partner relationship satisfaction. Women's EC was also negatively associated with their own relationship satisfaction. Women reported higher levels of ER compared to men after accounting for control variables-a small effect (Cohen's d = .18). No associations with ER and outcome variables were found and no other partner effects were found. For couples in which the woman was higher on ER, the association between women's T1 emotional reactivity and men's T2 sexual desire was positive and significant (B = .31, p < .05). These findings underscore the influence of emotional cutoff on relationship satisfaction and sexual desire and the importance of staying engaged even through relational conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber A Price
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Utah, USA
| | | | - David B Allsop
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Utah, USA
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31
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Leavitt CE, Allsop DB, Busby DM, Driggs SM, Johnson HM, Saxey MT. Associations of mindfulness with adolescent outcomes and sexuality. J Adolesc 2020; 81:73-86. [PMID: 32387815 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using an online survey, we evaluated how adolescent trait and state mindfulness was associated with positive adolescent outcomes in non-sexually active and sexually active adolescents. Additionally, we evaluated a newly developed measure, the Sexual Mindfulness Measure (SMM), with adolescents. METHODS We asked 2000 U.S. adolescents (half boys/girls; 1/3 low, medium, and high incomes) aged 13-18 (one group 13-15, another 16-18) about trait mindfulness, sexual state mindfulness, and adolescent outcomes. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and structured equation modeling, we evaluated the reliability and validity of the SMM and its associations with adolescent outcomes. RESULTS Using a trait mindfulness measure, we found that mindful adolescents with no sexual experience, showed positive associations with self-efficacy, body-esteem, and disclosure with both fathers and mothers. Evaluating adolescents who were sexually active, we confirmed that the SMM had a two-factor structure and demonstrated acceptable reliability for both male and female adolescents. We found that the SMM was associated with positive sexual attitudes, body image, self-efficacy, and disclosure to parents above and beyond trait mindfulness. CONCLUSIONS Trait mindfulness was associated with positive self-assessments and parental disclosure. The SMM provided an important assessment of how sexually active adolescents' ability to remain aware and non-judgmental during sexual experiences may be positively associated with outcomes such as sexual consent, positive body image, self-efficacy, disclosure to parents, and negatively associated with sexual shame and sexual anxiety above and beyond trait mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David B Allsop
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, USA
| | - Dean M Busby
- The School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, USA
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32
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Leavitt CE, Whiting JB, Hawkins AJ. The Sexual Mindfulness Project: An Initial Presentation of the Sexual and Relational Associations of Sexual Mindfulness. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15332691.2020.1757547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason B. Whiting
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Alan J. Hawkins
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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33
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Waterman EA, Wesche R, Leavitt CE, Lefkowitz ES. Fraternity Membership, Traditional Masculinity Ideologies, and Impersonal Sex: Selection and Socialization Effects. Psychol Men Masc 2020; 21:58-68. [PMID: 32025223 DOI: 10.1037/men0000209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fraternity culture perpetuates traditional masculinity ideologies, but little research has considered the process by which men internalize these ideologies. Men may select into fraternities based on preexisting ideologies, or fraternities may have a socializing effect on ideologies. We used two longitudinal datasets to explore selection and socialization effects of fraternity membership on masculinity ideologies (gendered beliefs, gendered traits, and sexual double standard beliefs) and impersonal sex (sexual motives and multiple sex partners) among ethnically and racially diverse college men. Using dataset one (n = 166, M = 18.0 years old fall of first year), we explored the selection and socialization effects of fraternity membership on male role norms, masculine traits, and endorsement of the sexual double standard. Men who more strongly endorsed male role norms about status and the sexual double standard were more likely to join fraternities than other men, indicating selection effects. Using dataset two (n = 256, M = 18.5 years old fall of first year), we explored selection and socialization effects of fraternity membership on sex motives and multiple sex partners. We did not find much evidence for selection or socialization effects on sex motives and multiple sex partners. Our findings may inform intervention efforts for men before and during college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Waterman
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, 213 McConnell Hall, 15 Academic Way, Durham, NH, 03824,
| | - Rose Wesche
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | | | - Eva S Lefkowitz
- Human Development & Family Studies, University of Connecticut
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34
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Busby DM, Hanna-Walker V, Leavitt CE. A kiss is not just a kiss: kissing frequency, sexual quality, attachment, and sexual and relationship satisfaction. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2020.1717460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dean M. Busby
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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35
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Abstract
Research has suggested women's sexual response cycle may vary more than previously thought. We asked 769 sexually active women between the ages of 18-70 to report on their sexual desire and arousal patterns during their last sexual experience. Using a latent class mixture model from retrospective sexual response data, we found six classes of desire and arousal patterns (Low, Middle Steady, High Fluctuation, Low Fluctuation, Upper Steady, High). We examined how these patterns were related to demographics, outcomes during the sexual experience, and outcomes for the global relationship. The Low sexual response class (8% of women) was significantly different from other classes in duration of the sexual experience, orgasms, and overall satisfaction with the sexual experience. Most sexual response patterns were associated with healthy relational and sexual outcomes. All classes except for the Low arousal and desire class showed associations with a neutral or positive sexual satisfaction evaluation. The non-problematic variation of women's sexual experience is an important concept to consider as it impacts determinations of dysfunction and women's self-evaluations. Not all women need to experience high levels of arousal throughout the sexual experience or to have desire at the outset in order to have positive sexual experiences and sexual outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelom E Leavitt
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | - Nathan D Leonhardt
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
| | - Dean M Busby
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto
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36
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Abstract
In this study we examine the role of sexual mindfulness in individuals' sexual satisfaction, relational satisfaction, and self-esteem. Midlife U.S. men and women (N = 194 married, heterosexual individuals; 50.7% female; 94% Caucasian, age range 35-60 years) completed an online survey. More sexually mindful individuals tended to have better self-esteem, be more satisfied with their relationships and, particularly for women, be more satisfied with their sex lives. Some of these associations occurred even after controlling for trait mindfulness. These findings may also allow researchers and therapists to better address an individual's sexual wellbeing, relational wellbeing, and self-esteem by teaching sexual mindfulness skills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva S. Lefkowitz
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Emily A. Waterman
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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37
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Lefkowitz ES, Wesche R, Leavitt CE. Never Been Kissed: Correlates of Lifetime Kissing Status in U.S. University Students. Arch Sex Behav 2018; 47:1283-1293. [PMID: 29464454 PMCID: PMC5893370 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Kissing a partner occurs relatively early during adolescence. Thus, young adults who have never kissed are off-time from their peers. Substantial exploration in the areas of identity and intimacy occur during this period, and kissing may fulfill both of these functions, addressing autonomy and relatedness motives for sexual behaviors. We examined the prevalence and personal, contextual, and adjustment/health predictors of delayed onset of kissing. An ethnically and racially diverse sample of traditionally aged first year university students (N = 738; 50.7% female) completed online surveys. Only 14.2% of young adults had never kissed a partner on the lips. Compared to their peers who had kissed partners, young adults who had never kissed were more likely to be Asian-American, less likely to be in a romantic relationship, were less extraverted, were more likely to be in the Honors College, and drank alcohol less frequently. In bivariate models but not the multivariate model, young adults who had never kissed were more neurotic, had mothers who were less facilitating of independence, and had lower self-esteem. Findings inform understanding of normative sexuality development, and inform future research on normative and off-time sexual behaviors in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S Lefkowitz
- Human Development and Family Studies, University of Connecticut, 348 Mansfield Rd., Unit 1058, Storrs, CT, 06269-1058, USA.
| | - Rose Wesche
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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38
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Waterman EA, Wesche R, Leavitt CE, Jones DE, Lefkowitz ES. Long-distance dating relationships, relationship dissolution, and college adjustment. Emerg Adulthood 2017; 5:268-279. [PMID: 29034134 PMCID: PMC5635840 DOI: 10.1177/2167696817704118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance dating relationships (LDDRs) and the dissolution of these relationships may have implications for day-to-day affect and behaviors. The current study examined the associations of relationship status, long-distance relationship dissolution, and daily location with daily positive affect, loneliness, university activity engagement, and alcohol use. College students ( n = 718, 51.5% female, 43.9% White/European American, 29.7% Asian/Asian American/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 25.5% Hispanic/Latino American, and 21.7% Black/African American; M = 18.4 [0.4] years old) completed up to 14 consecutive daily diary surveys twice during their first year. Students in LDDRs had less positive affect and were lonelier when they were on campus than off campus and tended to engage in university activities on fewer days than other students. Daily affect and behavior did not differ depending on whether students dissolved or maintained their LDDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Waterman
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Rose Wesche
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Chelom E Leavitt
- Human Development & Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Damon E Jones
- Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Eva S Lefkowitz
- Human Development & Family Studies, University of Connecticut
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39
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Le Y, McDaniel BT, Leavitt CE, Feinberg ME. Longitudinal associations between relationship quality and coparenting across the transition to parenthood: A dyadic perspective. J Fam Psychol 2016; 30:918-926. [PMID: 27183188 PMCID: PMC5112151 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The couple and coparenting relationship are theorized to influence each other in a reciprocal manner over time. Empirical evidence demonstrates cross-sectional associations between the 2 as well as prospective predictions of coparenting by relationship quality and vice versa. However, less is known about the longitudinal reciprocity between the couple relationship and coparenting from the perspective of both parents. The current study sought to examine longitudinal associations between relationship quality and coparenting support/undermining across the transition to parenthood from a dyadic perspective. Participants were 164 cohabiting heterosexual couples expecting their 1st child, assessed during pregnancy and at 6 and 36 months after birth. Actor partner interdependence modeling was used to examine, for both men and women, (a) stability over time in relationship quality and coparenting, (b) reciprocal associations between relationship quality and coparenting support/undermining, and (c) the gender differences in those associations. Moderate rank-order stability in relationship quality and coparenting support/undermining across the 1st 3 years of parenthood was demonstrated. For women, but not men, findings suggested longitudinal reciprocal associations between relationship quality and coparenting support/undermining. Specifically, our findings suggested that prenatal relationship quality sets the stage for coparenting functioning after birth for both men and women but that coparenting functioning is then connected to subsequent feelings about the romantic relationship for only women. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Le
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Brandon T McDaniel
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Chelom E Leavitt
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Mark E Feinberg
- Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University
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Abstract
The present paper reports on longitudinal associations between parenting stress and sexual satisfaction among 169 heterosexual couples in the first year after the birth of a first child. Actor Partner Interdependence Modeling (APIM) was used to model the effects of the mother's and father's parenting stress at 6 months after birth on sexual satisfaction at one year after birth. Based on social constructivist theory and scarcity theory, two hypotheses were posed: (a) mothers' parenting stress will predict their own later sexual satisfaction whereas fathers' parenting stress will not predict their own later sexual satisfaction (actor effects) and (b) mothers' parenting stress will predict fathers' later sexual satisfaction but fathers' parenting stress will not predict mothers' later sexual satisfaction (partner effects). On average, parents were only somewhat satisfied with their sex life. The first hypothesis was supported as greater parenting stress significantly predicted lower sexual satisfaction for mothers but not for fathers. The second hypothesis was also supported as mothers' greater parenting stress significantly predicted less sexual satisfaction in fathers, whereas fathers' parenting stress did not significantly predict mothers' sexual satisfaction. We discuss how our results may be interpreted considering the social construction of gendered family roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Megan K Maas
- HDFS Department, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Mark E Feinberg
- Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University
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Lefkowitz ES, Vasilenko SA, Leavitt CE. Oral vs. Vaginal Sex Experiences and Consequences Among First-Year College Students. Arch Sex Behav 2016; 45:329-37. [PMID: 26597646 PMCID: PMC4707067 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-015-0654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To fully understand late adolescents' experiences of oral sex, we must consider both risk and normative developmental perspectives. Sexual experiences include a range of behaviors, but research on sexual behaviors and consequences focuses primarily on vaginal sex. Oral sex occurs at rates similar to vaginal sex, and carries some, though less, risk than vaginal sex. The current study examined the event-level prevalence and consequences of oral sex compared to vaginal sex with other-sex partners in first-year college students. Daily data were from recently sexually active first-year college students (N = 253 people, 834 days; M age, 18.4 years; SD = 0.4; 56% female; 31% Hispanic/Latino; 17% African American, 14% Asian American/Pacific Islander, 25% European American, 12% multiracial) who reported on sexual behaviors and consequences. Both positive (intimacy, physical satisfaction) and negative (worrying about health, guilt) consequences were less common for oral than vaginal sex. Gender differences suggested that female adolescents may find vaginal sex more rewarding than oral sex, whereas male adolescents may find them equally rewarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S Lefkowitz
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Sara A Vasilenko
- Methodology Center, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Chelom E Leavitt
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Leavitt CE, Nelson DA, Coyne SM, Hart CH. Adolescent disclosure and concealment: longitudinal and concurrent associations with aggression. Aggress Behav 2013; 39:335-45. [PMID: 23720152 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study assessed the association between prior (preschool) and concurrent physical and relational aggression as they relate to Russian adolescents' disclosure and concealment patterns with their parents. In the initial preschool study, there were 106 boys and 106 girls (mean age = 60.24 months, SD = 7.81). Both peer nominations and teacher ratings of aggression were obtained for these children. Ten years later, the majority of these children (72.2%; n = 153) completed a longitudinal follow-up battery of assessments. Included in these measures was a self-reported measure of aggression as well as an assessment of the extent to which these adolescents disclosed to and concealed information from their parents. Separate models were estimated by gender of child for the 153 children who participated in both Time 1 and Time 2 data collections. Preschool physical aggression proved an important longitudinal predictor of adolescent disclosure and concealment for girls. Concurrently, self-rated relational aggression was also significantly associated with concealment for both boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David A. Nelson
- School of Family Life; Brigham Young University; Provo; Utah
| | - Sarah M. Coyne
- School of Family Life; Brigham Young University; Provo; Utah
| | - Craig H. Hart
- School of Family Life; Brigham Young University; Provo; Utah
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