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Seilern-Moy K, Fernandez JRR, Macgregor SK, John SK, Linton C, Cunningham AA, Lawson B. Fatal phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala sp. infection in a free-living common toad Bufo bufo. Dis Aquat Organ 2019; 133:19-24. [PMID: 30997881 DOI: 10.3354/dao03341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A wild adult female common toad Bufo bufo found dead in Scotland in September 2016 was observed to have hepatomegaly, a large soft tissue mass in the coelomic cavity (2.7 g, 3.5 × 2.3 × 1.8 cm) and numerous dark-red papules (1-2 mm diameter) in the skin and subjacent tissue over the back and dorsal aspects of the limbs. Histopathological examination identified marked hepatitis and coelomitis associated with pigmented fungal hyphae, which are results consistent with a diagnosis of phaeohyphomycosis. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region and the D1-D2 region of the large subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene from affected liver tissue identified the presence of Exophiala (Chaetothyriales) sp., a black yeast previously identified as a cause of amphibian phaeohyphomycosis. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of Exophiala sp. in a wild or captive amphibian in Europe and the first description of phaeohyphomycosis affecting a free-living amphibian in Great Britain. Exophiala spp. are saprobes and opportunistic pathogens. It has been postulated that phaeohyphomycosis is a disease of immunocompromised amphibians; however, we found no evidence of significant concurrent infection or generalised debility in this common toad. Phaeohyphomycosis appears to be a sporadic cause of mortality in amphibians, and this report adds to the growing list of pathogens known to affect wild amphibians in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Seilern-Moy
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
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White PL, Barnes RA, Gorton R, Cruciani M, Loeffler J, Alanio A, Barnes RA, Bialek R, Bretagne S, Buchheidt D, Buitrago Serna MJ, Caliendo A, Chen S, Clancy N, Cogliati M, Cordonnier C, Crowley B, Cruciani M, Donnelly JP, Gorton R, Guiver M, Hagen F, Halliday C, Hamal P, Heinz W, Jaton K, Johnson E, Jones B, Klingspor L, Hare RK, Lackner M, Lagrou K, Lamoth F, Lengerova M, Linton C, Lockhart D, Loeffler J, Maertens J, Melchers W, Mengoli C, Millon L, Morton O, Nguyen MH, Novak-Frazer L, Paholcsek M, Patterson T, Posch W, Richardson R, Rickerts V, Rogers T, Ruhnke M, Sendid B, Snelders E, Vyzantiadis TA, Warn P, Warris A, Weinbergerova B, White PL, Willinger B. Comment on: T2Candida MR as a predictor of outcome in patients with suspected invasive candidiasis starting empirical antifungal treatment: a prospective pilot study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 74:532-533. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Lewis White
- Public Health Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Mario Cruciani
- Center of Community Medicine and Infectious Diseases Service, ULSS 20 Verona, Verona, Italy
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Morton CO, White PL, Barnes RA, Klingspor L, Cuenca-Estrella M, Lagrou K, Bretagne S, Melchers W, Mengoli C, Caliendo AM, Cogliati M, Debets-Ossenkopp Y, Gorton R, Hagen F, Halliday C, Hamal P, Harvey-Wood K, Jaton K, Johnson G, Kidd S, Lengerova M, Lass-Florl C, Linton C, Millon L, Morrissey CO, Paholcsek M, Talento AF, Ruhnke M, Willinger B, Donnelly JP, Loeffler J. Determining the analytical specificity of PCR-based assays for the diagnosis of IA: What is Aspergillus? Med Mycol 2018; 55:402-413. [PMID: 28339744 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide array of PCR tests has been developed to aid the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA), providing technical diversity but limiting standardisation and acceptance. Methodological recommendations for testing blood samples using PCR exist, based on achieving optimal assay sensitivity to help exclude IA. Conversely, when testing more invasive samples (BAL, biopsy, CSF) emphasis is placed on confirming disease, so analytical specificity is paramount. This multicenter study examined the analytical specificity of PCR methods for detecting IA by blind testing a panel of DNA extracted from a various fungal species to explore the range of Aspergillus species that could be detected, but also potential cross reactivity with other fungal species. Positivity rates were calculated and regression analysis was performed to determine any associations between technical specifications and performance. The accuracy of Aspergillus genus specific assays was 71.8%, significantly greater (P < .0001) than assays specific for individual Aspergillus species (47.2%). For genus specific assays the most often missed species were A. lentulus (25.0%), A. versicolor (24.1%), A. terreus (16.1%), A. flavus (15.2%), A. niger (13.4%), and A. fumigatus (6.2%). There was a significant positive association between accuracy and using an Aspergillus genus PCR assay targeting the rRNA genes (P = .0011). Conversely, there was a significant association between rRNA PCR targets and false positivity (P = .0032). To conclude current Aspergillus PCR assays are better suited for detecting A. fumigatus, with inferior detection of most other Aspergillus species. The use of an Aspergillus genus specific PCR assay targeting the rRNA genes is preferential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Katrien Lagrou
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis, Leuven, Belgium, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Bretagne
- Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Faculty of Medicine, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Angela M Caliendo
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island and Aspergillus Technology Consortium, USA
| | - Massimo Cogliati
- Dip. Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Ferry Hagen
- Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen. The Netherlands
| | - Catriona Halliday
- Clinical Mycology Reference Laboratory, Pathology West, Westmead, Australia
| | - Petr Hamal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Katia Jaton
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gemma Johnson
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Kidd
- National Mycology Reference Centre, SA Pathology, Adelaide. Australia
| | - Martina Lengerova
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Chris Linton
- UK Mycology Reference Lab, Public Health England, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Millon
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon, France
| | | | - Melinda Paholcsek
- University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science Center, Debrecen. Hungary
| | - Alida Fe Talento
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Markus Ruhnke
- Charité Medical School, University of Berlin, Berlin. Germany
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Linton C, Adam AG, Steimle TC. Stark and Zeeman effect in the [18.6]3.5 – X(1)4.5 transition of uranium monofluoride, UF. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:214305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4880255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hassan A, Poon W, Baker M, Linton C, Mühlschlegel FA. Confirmed Candida albicans endogenous fungal endophthalmitis in a patient with chronic candidiasis. Med Mycol Case Rep 2012; 1:42-4. [PMID: 24371735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a confirmed Candida albicans endogenous endophthalmitis in a 35-year-old diabetic white female patient with a long standing history of severe chronic vaginal C. albicans infection. The patient had recently undergone ureteric stenting and received intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics for renal stones complicated by urinary sepsis. Pan-fungal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of vitreous aspirate confirmed the presence of C. albicans. Samples showed no microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hassan
- Clinical Microbiology Service, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent TN24 0LZ, UK ; Department of Ophthalmology, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent TN24 0LZ, UK
| | - W Poon
- Department of Ophthalmology, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent TN24 0LZ, UK
| | - M Baker
- Clinical Microbiology Service, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent TN24 0LZ, UK
| | - C Linton
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, Microbiology Services, Bristol BS2 8EL, UK
| | - F A Mühlschlegel
- Clinical Microbiology Service, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, William Harvey Hospital, Ashford, Kent TN24 0LZ, UK ; School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
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Dagleish MP, Patterson IAP, Foster G, Reid RJ, Linton C, Buxton D. Intracranial granuloma caused by asporogenic Aspergillus fumigatus in a harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). Vet Rec 2006; 159:458-60. [PMID: 17012612 DOI: 10.1136/vr.159.14.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ
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Adohi-Krou A, Martin F, Ross AJ, Linton C, Le Roy RJ. Isotope effects and Born-Oppenheimer breakdown in excited singlet states of the lithium dimer. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:6309-16. [PMID: 15446926 DOI: 10.1063/1.1786920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Observation of infrared electronic transitions involving the 1 (1)Deltag state of 7Li2 has instigated an investigation of Born-Oppenheimer breakdown in four singlet electronic states correlating with (2s+2s), (2s+2p), and (2p+2p) lithium atoms. The 1 (1)Deltag state, which correlates at long range with (2p+2p) atoms, has been observed in emission from the (5p) (1)Piu Rydberg state and in 1 (1)Deltag-B (1)Piu bands, in both instances following optical-optical double-resonance excitation. The latter transition was observed previously for the lighter isotopomer, 6Li2 [C. Linton, F. Martin, P. Crozet, A. J. Ross, and R. Bacis, J. Mol. Spectrosc. 158, 445 (1993)]. By analyzing multiple-isotopomer data for several electronic systems simultaneously, we have determined the electronic isotope shifts and the leading vibrational and/or rotational Born-Oppenheimer breakdown terms for the X (1)Sigmag+, A (1)Sigmau+, B (1)Piu, and 1 (1)Deltag states of the lithium dimer. This paper also reports Fourier transform measurements of the B-X absorption spectra of 6Li2 and 7Li2, which were required to better define the bottom portion of the B (1)Piu state potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adohi-Krou
- Laboratoire de Spectrometrie Ionique et Moleculaire, CNRS et Universite Lyon I (UMR 5579) Domaine Scientifique de la Doua, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
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Abstract
High-resolution laser excitation spectra have been obtained for the 0-0, 1-1, and 0-1 bands of the B(2)Sigma(+)-X(2)Sigma(+) transition of YbCl and a rotational analysis has been performed on the (174)Yb(35)Cl and (172)Yb(35)Cl isotopomers. Comparison of the spin-rotation constant, gamma, for the B(2)Sigma(+) state with the lambda-doubling constant of the A(2)Pi(1/2) state (1) shows that the two excited states form a unique perturber pair arising from the 6psigma and 6ppi orbitals centered on the Yb(+) ion. The principal results for the B(2)Sigma(+) state are B(e)=0.097552(5) cm(-1), R(e)=2.43623(6) Å, gamma(e)=-2.1655(6)x10(-4) cm(-1), and DeltaG(1/2)=313.111(2) cm(-1). Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Linton
- Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
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Melville TC, Linton C, Coxon JA. Predissociation in the B0(+) State of YbS and a Combined Isotopomer Fit to the X0(+) State Potential Energy Curve. J Mol Spectrosc 2000; 204:291-293. [PMID: 11148099 DOI: 10.1006/jmsp.2000.8224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- TC Melville
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada
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Abstract
We present three cases of travel-induced psychosis in an elderly population. The clinical presentations are described with a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Linton
- Senior House Officer in Old Age Psychiatry, Newport, Gwent, UK
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Abstract
The A(2)Pi-X(2)Sigma(+) transition of (174)Yb(35)Cl and (172)Yb(35)Cl has been rotationally analyzed for the first time. Doppler-limited laser excitation spectroscopy with selective detection of fluorescence was used to obtain spectra of the 0-0 and 1-0 bands with a measurement accuracy of approximately 0.0035 cm(-1). Resolved fluorescence was used to record the 0-1, 0-2, and 0-3 bands and to unequivocally assign the rotational numbering, N, to the laser excitation spectra. In total, over 1300 line positions have been measured and assigned for each of the two isotopomers and employed in least-squares fits of molecular parameters. The principal results for the A(2)Pi state are A(e) = 1491.494(2) cm(-1) and R(e) = 2.4433(1) Å, and for the X(2)Sigma(+) state, R(e) = 2.4883(2) Å and gamma(e) = 4.59(2) x 10(-3) cm(-1). The interaction between the X(2)Sigma(+) and A(2)Pi states has been investigated and is shown to be the main contributor to the spin-rotation splitting in the ground state. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- TC Melville
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J3, Canada
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Linton C. Rapid Detection of Infectious Agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 1999. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/44.3.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Linton C, Martin F, Ross AJ, Russier I, Crozet P, Yiannopoulou A, Li L, Lyyra AM. The High-Lying Vibrational Levels and Dissociation Energy of the a3Sigma+u State of 7Li2. J Mol Spectrosc 1999; 196:20-28. [PMID: 10361055 DOI: 10.1006/jmsp.1999.7858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Perturbation-facilitated optical-optical double resonance (PFOODR) has been used to access the 2(3)Pig state of 7Li2 via the excitation scheme using two single-mode tunable lasers. The selected () mixed level provides a gateway through which the triplet manifold can be accessed. Fluorescence from single rovibrational levels of 2(3)Pig to the state was detected at high resolution using a Fourier transform spectrometer. Transitions to v = 0-9 in the state were observed, covering the potential well almost to the dissociation limit. The data were analyzed using a near dissociation expansion (NDE) technique and the resulting vibrational and rotational parameters were used to calculate a new RKR potential curve which reproduced the observed energy levels to within a rms error of 0.02 cm-1. The following parameters were obtained for the state: D0 = 301.829 +/- 0.015 cm-1, De = 333.69 +/- 0.10 cm-1, Te = 8183.12 +/- 0.12 cm-1. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Linton
- Physics Department, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
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Ross AJ, Crozet P, Linton C, Martin F, Russier I, Yiannopoulou A. On the 5d 1Pig --> 2 (1)Sigma+<INF POS="STACK">u and 5d 1Pig --> C 1Piu Fluorescence in 7Li2. J Mol Spectrosc 1998; 191:28-31. [PMID: 9724577 DOI: 10.1006/jmsp.1998.7607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Following excitation of the 5d 1Pig Rydberg state of 7Li2 by optical-optical double resonance, fluorescence has been observed in the infrared region to the 2 (1)Sigma+<INF POS="STACK">u and C 1Piu states. Analysis of high-resolution Fourier transform spectra yields term energies and rotational constants of the lowest seven vibrational levels of the inner well of the 2 (1)Sigma+<INF POS="STACK">u "double minimum" state. The equilibrium term value and dissociation energy have been determined to be Te = 30101.45 +/- 0.12 cm-1 and De = 5621.3 +/- 0.2 cm-1. The v = 0 and 1 levels of the C 1Piu state have been analyzed, resulting in new values of Te = 30551.0 +/- 0.1 cm-1 and De = 7773.3 +/- 0.2 cm-1. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- AJ Ross
- Bâtiment 205, UniversitéLyon I, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne Cedex, 69622, France
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the changes involved in the evolution of nine cases of recurrent B-cell lymphomas. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from both the primary and the recurrent lymphoma of each case, monoclonality was demonstrated in every tumour. In all nine cases, the recurrent lymphoma was shown to belong to the same clone as the primary lymphoma. Eight of these cases were then investigated by immunohistochemistry for changes in Bcl-2 and p53 expression. Five out of eight of the primary lymphomas showed Bcl-2 overexpression. Two of the three cases initially negative for Bcl-2 expression became positive in the recurrence. One out of eight of the primary lymphomas was positive for p53 expression. Of the seven negative cases, one became positive for p53 expression in the recurrence. Both of the p53-positive cases showed high-grade histology. This study shows that Bcl-2 overexpression is probably an important early event in the development of B-cell lymphomas, although it may occur as a post-neoplastic event. p53 mutation is probably more important as a late event and may be associated with high-grade transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ilyas
- Cancer Genetics and Immunology Laboratory, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, U.K
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Brown CM, MacKinnon AC, Redfern WS, Williams A, Linton C, Stewart M, Clague RU, Clark R, Spedding M. RS-45041-190: a selective, high-affinity ligand for I2 imidazoline receptors. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 116:1737-44. [PMID: 8528553 PMCID: PMC1909080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb16656.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. RS-45041-190 (4-chloro-2-(imidazolin-2-yl)isoindoline) showed high affinity for I2 imidazoline receptors labelled by [3H]-idazoxan in rat (pKi = 8.66 +/- 0.09), rabbit (pKi = 9.37 +/- 0.07), dog (pKi = 9.32 +/- 0.18) and baboon kidney (pKi = 8.85 +/- 0.12), but had very low affinity for alpha 2-adrenoceptors in rat cerebral cortex (pKi = 5.7 +/- 0.09). 2. RS-45041-190 showed low affinity for other adrenoceptors, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and muscarinic receptors and dihydropyridine binding sites (selectivity ratio > 1000). 3. RS-45041-190 showed moderate potency for the inhibition of monoamine oxidase A in vitro (pIC50 = 6.12), but had much lower potency for monoamine oxidase B (pIC50 = 4.47), neither of which equated with its affinity for I2 receptors. 4. RS-45041-190 (0.001 to 3 mg kg-1, i.v. and 1 ng-50 micrograms i.c.v.) had only small, transient effects on blood pressure and heart rate in anaesthetized rats. In conscious rats, RS-45041-190 had no effect on body core temperature or tail skin temperature (1 mg kg-1, s.c.) or on activity or rotarod performance (10 mg kg-1, i.p.). There were also no effects on barbiturate sleeping time in mice after doses of 1-10 mg kg-1, i.p. 5. RS-45041-190 (10 and 25 mg kg-1, i.p.) significantly increased food consumption in rats for up to 4 h after dosing, but unlike idazoxan (10 mg kg-1, i.p.) did not increase water consumption. RS-45041-190 is therefore a selective, high-affinity ligand at I2 imidazoline receptors and its hyperphagic effect may suggest a role for I2 imidazoline receptors in the modulation of appetite.However, in the absence of a selective agonist it is unclear whether this ligand is an agonist or an antagonist at I2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Syntex Research Centre, Research Park, Riccarton, Edinburgh
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Brown CM, Calder C, Linton C, Small C, Kenny BA, Spedding M, Patmore L. Neuroprotective properties of lifarizine compared with those of other agents in a mouse model of focal cerebral ischaemia. Br J Pharmacol 1995; 115:1425-32. [PMID: 8564201 PMCID: PMC1908884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb16633.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Changes in the peripheral type benzodiazepine binding site density following middle cerebral artery occlusion in the mouse, have been used as a marker of neuronal damage. These sites can be identified using the selective ligand [3H]-PK 11195 located on non neuronal cells, macrophages and astroglia, within the CNS. Glial cell proliferation and macrophage invasion is an unvoidable sequelae to cerebral ischaemic injury, secondary to neuronal loss. Following occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (left MCA) a reproducible lesion was found in the parietal cortex within 7 days which gave rise to a significant increase in [3H]-PK 11195 binding. 2. Treatment of animals with the sodium channel blocker, lifarizine, significantly reduced the ischaemia-induced increase in [3H]-PK 11195 binding when given either 30 min pre-ischaemia and three times daily for 7 days at 0.5 mg kg-1, i.p. (P < 0.01) or delayed until 15 min post-ischaemia and three times daily for 7 days at 0.5 mg kg-1, i.p. (P < 0.001). Lifarizine was an effective neuroprotective agent in this model of focal ischaemia in the mouse. 3. Lifarizine also showed a dose-related protection against the ischaemia-induced increase in [3H]-PK 11195 binding with significant protection at doses of 0.1 mg kg-1, i.p. (P < 0.05), 0.25 mg kg-1, i.p. (P < 0.01) or 0.5 mg kg-1, i.p. (P < 0.01) 15 min post-ischaemia and b.i.d. for 7 days. No significant change is seen in the Kd for [3H]-PK 11195. The first dose could be delayed for up to 4 h after cerebralartery cauterization and protection was maintained.4. Phenytoin (28 mg kg-1, i.v. 15 min and 24 h post-ischaemia) was also neuroprotective in this model(P<0.01). This agent is thought to interact with voltage-dependent sodium channels to effect its anticonvulsantactions and this mechanism may also underlie its neuroprotective actions in focal cerebralischaemia.5. Agents with other mechanisms of action were also shown to have significant neuroprotection in this model. The non-competitive NMDA antagonist, MK 801, showed significant neuroprotection in the model when given at 0.5 mg kg-1, i.p. 30 min pre-ischaemia with t.i.d. dosing for 7 days (P< 0.001). The dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, nimodipine was not protective when given using the same dosing protocol as MK 801, 0.5 mg kg-1 30 min pre-occlusion and three times daily for 7 days but showed significant protection when given at 0.05 mg kg-1 15 min post-ischaemia and three times daily for 7days. The lipid peroxidation inhibitor, tirilazad (single dose 1 mg kg-1, i.v.) showed significant neuroprotection when given 5 min post-ischaemia but not when the first dose was delayed for 4 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Syntex Research Centre, Riccarton, Edinburgh
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Ilyas M, Jalal H, Linton C, Rooney N. The use of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of B-cell lymphomas from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Histopathology 1995; 26:333-8. [PMID: 7607621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect monoclonality in B-cell lymphoid proliferations in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was assessed. Using consensus primers against the framework 3 (FR 3) region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH), PCR analysis was performed on 29 low grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Cases of benign lymphoid hyperplasia served as polyclonal controls. Sequenced cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia served as positive controls. In the lymphomas, monoclonality could be demonstrated in 18 of 29 (62%) cases. Only five of 11 (45%) follicle centre cell lymphomas were positive by this method whilst the success rate for the remainder was 13 of 18 (72%). None of the polyclonal controls gave false positive results although occasional non-specific dominant bands were present which disappeared on repeating the experiments. These results show that this method will identify monoclonality in 62% of low grade B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in archival material. The success rate is increased to 72% if follicle centre cell lymphomas are excluded. Thus, this method is a useful adjunctive test to aid diagnosis in lymphoid infiltrates when standard morphology and immunohistochemistry are equivocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ilyas
- Department of Histopathology and Microbiology, Bristol Royal Infirmary, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA can be detected in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS The polymerase chain reaction was applied to cellular components of synovial fluid. RESULTS No evidence of M tuberculosis DNA was found in synovial fluid from 31 patients with RA and 13 control patients. CONCLUSION The findings do not support a role for persistent M tuberculosis infection in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jalal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Linton C, James AM, Simard B. Stark effect measurement in samarium monoxide: Dipole moments of the [16.6]1 and X0− states. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Linton C, Bacis R, Martin F, Rosenwaks S, Vergès J. Vibrational analysis of the X2(3/2)–X1(1/2) infrared system of BiO. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Martin F, Bacis R, Linton C, Vergès J, Mayo I, Rosenwaks S. Kinetics and spectroscopy of electronically excited BiO obtained by energy transfer from metastable O2. II. Spectroscopic analysis of the A (2Π1/2)–X1(2Π1/2) transition. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Linton C, Murphy TL, Martin F, Bacis R, Verges J. Fourier transform spectroscopy of the 1 3Σ+g–a 3Σ+u transition of the 6Li2 molecule. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rascati JN, Rugg J, Niewenhous J, Cartoceti J, Linton C. Concurrent review. Hosp Community Psychiatry 1987; 38:1116-7. [PMID: 3666705 DOI: 10.1176/ps.38.10.1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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