1
|
Burke C, Triplett C, Rubanovich CK, Karnaze MM, Bloss CS. Attitudes Toward School-Based Surveillance of Adolescents' Social Media Activity: Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods Survey. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e46746. [PMID: 38319696 PMCID: PMC10879966 DOI: 10.2196/46746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND US schools increasingly implement commercially available technology for social media monitoring (SMM) of students, purportedly to address youth mental health and school safety. However, little is known about how SMM is perceived by stakeholders, including the students who are the focus of these efforts. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess attitudes toward SMM in schools among 4 stakeholder groups and examine reasons for holding supportive, neutral, or unsupportive views toward the technology. We also sought to explore whether any differences in attitudes were associated with binary sex, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or gender identity. METHODS In October 2019, we conducted a convergent parallel mixed methods web-based survey of young adults (aged 18-22 y; n=206), parents (n=205), teachers (n=77), and school administrators (n=41) via Qualtrics web-based panels. We included Likert-type survey items to assess perceived benefits, risks, and overall support of SMM in schools and test for differences based on stakeholder group or demographic characteristics. We also included open-ended questions, and the responses to these items were analyzed using thematic content analysis of reasons given for holding supportive, neutral, or unsupportive views. RESULTS The tests of group differences showed that young adults perceived lower benefit (P<.001) as well as higher risk (P<.001) and expressed lower overall support (P<.001) of the use of SMM in schools than all other stakeholder groups. Individuals identifying as nonheterosexual also perceived lower benefit (P=.002) and higher risk (P=.02) and expressed lower overall support (P=.02) than their heterosexual counterparts; respondents who identified as people of racial and ethnic minorities also perceived higher risk (P=.04) than their White counterparts. Qualitative thematic content analysis revealed greater nuance in concerns about SMM. Specifically, the primary reasons given for not supporting SMM across all stakeholder groups were (1) skepticism about its utility, (2) perceived privacy violations, and (3) fears of inappropriate or discriminatory use of the data. Within the young adult group in particular, concerns were also raised about (4) unintended and adverse consequences, including the erosion of trust between students and school institutions and administrators, and the chronic adverse effects of constant or prolonged surveillance. Thematic analysis also showed that individuals in every stakeholder group who indicated overall support of SMM were likely to cite the potential for enhanced school safety as the reason. Young adults' overall stances toward SMM were the most polarized, either strongly for or strongly against SMM, and responses from teachers indicated similar polarization but more often favored support of SMM in schools. CONCLUSIONS This study found differing perspectives among stakeholder groups regarding SMM in schools. More work is needed to assess the ways in which this type of surveillance is being implemented and the range and complexity of possible effects, particularly on students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Burke
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Sociology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cynthia Triplett
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Empathy and Technology, Institute of Empathy and Compassion, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Caryn Kseniya Rubanovich
- Center for Empathy and Technology, Institute of Empathy and Compassion, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Melissa M Karnaze
- Center for Empathy and Technology, Institute of Empathy and Compassion, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cinnamon S Bloss
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Empathy and Technology, Institute of Empathy and Compassion, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cakici JA, Dimmock D, Caylor S, Gaughran M, Clarke C, Triplett C, Clark MM, Kingsmore SF, Bloss CS. Assessing Diversity in Newborn Genomic Sequencing Research Recruitment: Race/Ethnicity and Primary Spoken Language Variation in Eligibility, Enrollment, and Reasons for Declining. Clin Ther 2023; 45:736-744. [PMID: 37429778 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diagnostic genomic research has the potential to directly benefit participants. This study sought to identify barriers to equitable enrollment of acutely ill newborns into a diagnostic genomic sequencing research study. METHODS We reviewed the 16-month recruitment process of a diagnostic genomic research study enrolling newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at a regional pediatric hospital that primarily serves English- and Spanish-speaking families. Differences in eligibility, enrollment, and reasons for not enrolling were examined as functions of race/ethnicity and primary spoken language. FINDINGS Of the 1248 newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, 46% (n = 580) were eligible, and 17% (n = 213) were enrolled. Of the 16 languages represented among the newborns' families, 4 (25%) had translated consent documents. Speaking a language other than English or Spanish increased a newborn's likelihood of being ineligible by 5.9 times (P < 0.001) after controlling for race/ethnicity. The main reason for ineligibility was documented as the clinical team declined having their patient recruited (41% [51 of 125]). This reason significantly affected families who spoke languages other than English or Spanish and was able to be remediated with training of the research staff. Stress (20% [18 of 90]) and the study intervention(s) (20% [18 of 90]) were the main reasons given for not enrolling. IMPLICATIONS This analysis of eligibility, enrollment, and reasons for not enrolling in a diagnostic genomic research study found that recruitment generally did not differ as a function of a newborn's race/ethnicity. However, differences were observed depending on the parent's primary spoken language. Regular monitoring and training can improve equitable enrollment into diagnostic genomic research. There are also opportunities at the federal level to improve access to those with limited English proficiency and thus decrease disparities in representation in research participation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Cakici
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA; School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David Dimmock
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sara Caylor
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mary Gaughran
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Christina Clarke
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Michelle M Clark
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Stephen F Kingsmore
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Cinnamon S Bloss
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Taitingfong RI, Triplett C, Vásquez VN, Rajagopalan RM, Raban R, Roberts A, Terradas G, Baumgartner B, Emerson C, Gould F, Okumu F, Schairer CE, Bossin HC, Buchman L, Campbell KJ, Clark A, Delborne J, Esvelt K, Fisher J, Friedman RM, Gronvall G, Gurfield N, Heitman E, Kofler N, Kuiken T, Kuzma J, Manrique-Saide P, Marshall JM, Montague M, Morrison AC, Opesen CC, Phelan R, Piaggio A, Quemada H, Rudenko L, Sawadogo N, Smith R, Tuten H, Ullah A, Vorsino A, Windbichler N, Akbari OS, Long K, Lavery JV, Evans SW, Tountas K, Bloss CS. Exploring the value of a global gene drive project registry. Nat Biotechnol 2023; 41:9-13. [PMID: 36522496 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riley I Taitingfong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Triplett
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Empathy and Technology, Institute for Empathy and Compassion, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Váleri N Vásquez
- Energy and Resources Group, Rausser College of Natural Resources, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, College of Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ramya M Rajagopalan
- Center for Empathy and Technology, Institute for Empathy and Compassion, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robyn Raban
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Roberts
- Institute on Ethics and Policy for Innovation, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerard Terradas
- Department of Entomology, the Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Claudia Emerson
- Institute on Ethics and Policy for Innovation, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fred Gould
- Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Fredros Okumu
- Environmental Health and Ecological Science Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - Cynthia E Schairer
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hervé C Bossin
- Medical Entomology Laboratory, William A. Robinson Polynesian Research Center, Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Leah Buchman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Anna Clark
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Jason Delborne
- Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Esvelt
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Fisher
- Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Gigi Gronvall
- Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security and Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nikos Gurfield
- Vector Control Program, Department of Environmental Health and Quality, County of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Heitman
- Program in Ethics in Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Natalie Kofler
- Scientific Citizenship Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd Kuiken
- Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Kuzma
- Genetic Engineering and Society Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- School of Public and International Affairs, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Laboratorio para el Control Biológico de Aedes aegypti, Unidad Colaborativa de Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - John M Marshall
- Divisions of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Amy C Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chris C Opesen
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Antoinette Piaggio
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, United States Department of Agriculture National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Hector Quemada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- BioPolicy Solutions, LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert Smith
- Science, Technology & Innovation Studies, School of Social & Political Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Holly Tuten
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Anika Ullah
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam Vorsino
- Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Omar S Akbari
- School of Biological Sciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kanya Long
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James V Lavery
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Ethics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sam Weiss Evans
- Program on Science, Technology & Society, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karen Tountas
- GeneConvene Global Collaborative, Science Division, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, North Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cinnamon S Bloss
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Empathy and Technology, Institute for Empathy and Compassion, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Triplett C, Fletcher BJ, Taitingfong RI, Zhang Y, Ali T, Ohno-Machado L, Bloss CS. Codesigning a community-based participatory research project to assess tribal perspectives on privacy and health data sharing: A report from the Strong Heart Study. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 29:1120-1127. [PMID: 35349678 PMCID: PMC9093024 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad health data sharing raises myriad ethical issues related to data protection and privacy. These issues are of particular relevance to Native Americans, who reserve distinct individual and collective rights to control data about their communities. We sought to gather input from tribal community leaders on how best to understand health data privacy and sharing preferences in this population. We conducted a workshop with 14 tribal leaders connected to the Strong Heart Study to codesign a research study to assess preferences concerning health data privacy for biomedical research. Workshop participants provided specific recommendations regarding who should be consulted, what questions should be posed, and what methods should be used, underscoring the importance of relationship-building between researchers and tribal communities. Biomedical researchers and informaticians who collect and analyze health information from Native communities have a unique responsibility to safeguard these data in ways that align to the preferences of specific communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Triplett
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Empathy and Technology, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Burgundy J Fletcher
- Department of Ethnic Studies, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Riley I Taitingfong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, A Center for American Indian Health Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Tauqeer Ali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, A Center for American Indian Health Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lucila Ohno-Machado
- Veteran Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California Health, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cinnamon S Bloss
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Empathy and Technology, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California Health, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schairer CE, Triplett C, Akbari OS, Bloss CS. California Residents’ Perceptions of Gene Drive Systems to Control Mosquito-Borne Disease. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:848707. [PMID: 35360388 PMCID: PMC8960626 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.848707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists developing gene drive mosquitoes for vector control must understand how residents of affected areas regard both the problem of mosquito-borne disease and the potential solutions offered by gene drive. This study represents an experiment in public engagement at an early stage of technology development, intended to inform lab scientists about public attitudes toward their research and inspire consideration and conversation about the social ramifications of creating mosquitoes with gene drive. Online focus groups with California residents explored views on mosquito-borne disease risk, current mosquito control methods, and the proposed development and use of different classes of gene drives to control Ae. aegypti. Rather than a dogmatic rejection of genetic engineering or gene drive, many participants expressed pragmatic concerns with cost, control, the ability to narrowly target specific species, and the challenges of mistrust and institutional cooperation. Work like this can inform the alignment of community priorities and the professional priorities of scientists and vector control specialists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia E. Schairer
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cynthia Triplett
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Empathy and Technology, Insitute for Empathy and Compassion, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Omar S. Akbari
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Cinnamon S. Bloss
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Empathy and Technology, Insitute for Empathy and Compassion, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Cinnamon S. Bloss,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Taitingfong R, Bloss CS, Triplett C, Cakici J, Garrison N, Cole S, Stoner JA, Ohno-Machado L. A systematic literature review of Native American and Pacific Islanders' perspectives on health data privacy in the United States. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2020; 27:1987-1998. [PMID: 33063114 PMCID: PMC7727344 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Privacy-related concerns can prevent equitable participation in health research by US Indigenous communities. However, studies focused on these communities' views regarding health data privacy, including systematic reviews, are lacking. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review analyzing empirical, US-based studies involving American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (NHPI) perspectives on health data privacy, which we define as the practice of maintaining the security and confidentiality of an individual's personal health records and/or biological samples (including data derived from biological specimens, such as personal genetic information), as well as the secure and approved use of those data. RESULTS Twenty-one studies involving 3234 AI/AN and NHPI participants were eligible for review. The results of this review suggest that concerns about the privacy of health data are both prevalent and complex in AI/AN and NHPI communities. Many respondents raised concerns about the potential for misuse of their health data, including discrimination or stigma, confidentiality breaches, and undesirable or unknown uses of biological specimens. CONCLUSIONS Participants cited a variety of individual and community-level concerns about the privacy of their health data, and indicated that these deter their willingness to participate in health research. Future investigations should explore in more depth which health data privacy concerns are most salient to specific AI/AN and NHPI communities, and identify the practices that will make the collection and use of health data more trustworthy and transparent for participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riley Taitingfong
- Department of Communication, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cinnamon S Bloss
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, Calit2, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Triplett
- Qualcomm Institute Calit2, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Julie Cakici
- San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nanibaa’ Garrison
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shelley Cole
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Julie A Stoner
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lucila Ohno-Machado
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schairer CE, Triplett C, Buchman A, Akbari OS, Bloss CS. Interdisciplinary development of a standardized introduction to gene drives for lay audiences. BMC Med Res Methodol 2020; 20:273. [PMID: 33153449 PMCID: PMC7643426 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-01146-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there is wide consensus that the public should be consulted about emerging technology early in development, it is difficult to elicit public opinion about innovations unfamiliar to lay audiences. We sought public input on a program of research on genetic engineering to control mosquito vectors of disease that is led by scientists at the University of California and funded by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). In preparation for this effort, we developed a series of narrated slideshows to prompt responses to the development of gene drive mosquito control strategies among lay people. We describe the development and content of these slideshows and evaluate their ability to elicit discussions among focus group participants. METHODS In developing these materials, we used an iterative process involving input from experts in molecular genetics and vector control. Topics were chosen for their relevance to the goals of the scientists leading the program of research. Significant time was devoted to crafting explanations that would be accessible to uninitiated members of the public but still represent the science accurately. Through qualitative analysis of focus group discussions prompted by the slideshows, we evaluated the success of these slideshows in imparting clear technical information sufficient to inform lay discussion. RESULTS The collaboration resulted in a series of four narrated slideshows that were used to anchor discussions in online focus groups. Many participants described the slideshows as interesting and informative, while also raising concerns and possible risks that were not directly addressed in the material presented. Open-ended comments from participants suggest that the slideshows inspired critical questions, reflection, and conversation about genetically engineered and gene drive mosquitoes. After the final and most technically complex slideshow, however, some respondents made comments suggestive of overwhelm or confusion. CONCLUSION Our narrated slideshows prompted engaged conversations about genetically engineered mosquitoes among members of the public who were generally naïve to this technology. Narrated slideshows may serve as viable and useful tools for future public engagement on other controversial emerging medical and public health technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia E Schairer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0811, La Jolla, California, 92093-0811, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Triplett
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, The Qualcomm Institute of Calit2, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anna Buchman
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Omar S Akbari
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cinnamon S Bloss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0811, La Jolla, California, 92093-0811, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Center for Wireless and Population Health Systems, The Qualcomm Institute of Calit2, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cakici JA, Dimmock DP, Caylor SA, Gaughran M, Clarke C, Triplett C, Clark MM, Kingsmore SF, Bloss CS. A Prospective Study of Parental Perceptions of Rapid Whole-Genome and -Exome Sequencing among Seriously Ill Infants. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:953-962. [PMID: 33157008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic genomic sequencing recently became feasible for infants in intensive care units (ICUs). However, research regarding parents' perceived utility, adequacy of consent, and potential harms and benefits is lacking. Herein we report results of parental surveys of these domains from the second Newborn Sequencing in Genomic Medicine and Public Health (NSIGHT2) study, a randomized, controlled trial of rapid diagnostic genomic sequencing of infants in regional ICUs. More than 90% of parents reported feeling adequately informed to consent to diagnostic genomic sequencing. Despite only 23% (27) of 117 infants receiving genomic diagnoses, 97% (156) of 161 parents reported that testing was at least somewhat useful and 50.3% (88/161) reported no decisional regret (median 0, mean 10, range 0-100). Five of 117 families (4.3%) reported harm. Upon follow-up, one (1%) confirmed harm to child and parent related to negative results/no diagnosis, two (2%) reported stress or confusion, and two (2%) denied harm. In 81% (89) of 111 infants, families and clinicians agreed that genomic results were useful. Of the families for whom clinicians perceived harm from genomic testing, no parents reported harm. Positive tests/genomic diagnosis were more frequently perceived to be useful by parents, to benefit their infant, and to help manage potential symptoms (p < .05). In summary, the large majority of parents felt that first-tier, rapid, diagnostic genomic sequencing was beneficial for infants lacking etiologic diagnoses in ICUs. Most parents in this study perceived being adequately informed to consent, understood their child's results, and denied regret or harm from undergoing sequencing.
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
There are about 20 types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) which are generally believed to be confined to the anogenital tract. HPV 16 is the most common of these. Four squamous cell carcinomas of the finger from three individuals were analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA by Pst 1 restriction enzyme digest and Southern blotting. Under high stringency conditions, all were positive for HPV 16. The DNA from each patient was digested with a panel of restriction enzymes so that integration of HPV into the genome could be evaluated. Three of three samples contained high molecular weight oligomeric circular DNA arranged as catanates. None showed integration. To determine if the HPV was transcriptionally active, RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed, and amplified using primers that amplified the unspliced E6 transcript and the E6I and E6II spliced transcripts. All of the patient biopsies assayed expressed the unspliced E6 transcript and the spliced E6I transcript with the E6I transcript being the most abundant. The E6II transcript was not detected in any of the samples. These findings indicate that HPV plays a role in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the finger and the role of the malignant genital HPV needs to be carefully looked at in areas outside the genital region. It also suggests that the natural history of HPV in areas outside the cervix may not be identical to that of HPV in the anogenital region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sánchez-Lanier
- Department of Microbiology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-4233
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wong SS, Quiggle K, Triplett C, Berliner LJ. Spin-labeled sulfonyl fluorides as active site probes of protease structure. II. Spin label syntheses and enzyme inhibition. J Biol Chem 1974; 249:1678-82. [PMID: 4361819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
|