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Woodman R, Miller C, Student J, Freeman K, Perl D, Lockette W. Alpha-methyltyrosine reduces the acute cardiovascular and behavioral sequelae in a murine model of traumatic brain injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2023; 95:542-548. [PMID: 37165479 PMCID: PMC10545058 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000004023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased catecholamines contribute to heightened cardiovascular reactivity and behavioral deficits after traumatic brain injury (TBI); adrenergic receptor blockade has limited success in reducing adverse sequelae of TBI. Injury-induced increases in the synthesis of catecholamines could contribute to adverse outcomes in TBI. Inhibition of catecholamine synthesis with alpha-methyltyrosine (αMT) could offer a benefit after TBI. METHODS Original research trial in mice randomized to αMT (50 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) or vehicle for 1 week after TBI induced by controlled cortical impact. Primary outcomes of cardiovascular reactivity and behavioral deficits were assessed after 1 week. Secondary outcomes included blood brain barrier permeability and quantification of gene transcription whose products determine intraneuronal chloride concentrations, the release of catecholamines, and activation of the sympathetic nervous system. These genes were the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor ("Adra2c"), the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter ("Nkcc1"), and the potassium chloride cotransporter ("Kcc2"). We also assessed the effect of TBI and αMT on the neuronal chloride/bicarbonate exchanger ("Ae3"). RESULTS Traumatic brain injury-induced increases in blood pressure and cardiac reactivity were blocked by αMT. Inhibition of catecholamine synthesis decreased blood brain barrier leakage and improved behavioral outcomes after TBI. Traumatic brain injury diminished the transcription of Adra2c and enhanced expression of Nkcc1 while reducing Kcc2 transcription; αMT prevented the induction of the Nkcc1 by TBI without reversing the effects of TBI on Kcc2 expression; αMT also diminished Ae3 transcription. CONCLUSION Traumatic brain injury acutely increases cardiovascular reactivity and induces behavioral deficits in an αMT-sensitive manner, most likely by inducing Nkcc1 gene transcription. Alpha-methyltyrosine may prove salutary in the treatment of TBI by attenuating the enhanced expression of Nkcc1, minimizing blood brain barrier leakage, and diminishing central catecholamine and sympathetic output. We also found an unreported relationship between Kcc2 and the chloride/bicarbonate exchanger, which should be considered in the design of trials planned to manipulate central intraneuronal chloride concentrations following acute brain injury.
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Edlow BL, Bodien YG, Baxter T, Belanger H, Cali R, Deary K, Fischl B, Foulkes AS, Gilmore N, Greve DN, Hooker JM, Huang SY, Kelemen JN, Kimberly WT, Maffei C, Masood M, Perl D, Polimeni JR, Rosen BR, Tromly S, Tseng CEJ, Yao EF, Zurcher NR, Mac Donald CL, Dams-O'Connor K. Long-Term Effects of Repeated Blast Exposure in United States Special Operations Forces Personnel: A Pilot Study Protocol. J Neurotrauma 2022; 39:1391-1407. [PMID: 35620901 PMCID: PMC9529318 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that repeated blast exposure (RBE) is associated with brain injury in military personnel. United States (U.S.) Special Operations Forces (SOF) personnel experience high rates of blast exposure during training and combat, but the effects of low-level RBE on brain structure and function in SOF have not been comprehensively characterized. Further, the pathophysiological link between RBE-related brain injuries and cognitive, behavioral, and physical symptoms has not been fully elucidated. We present a protocol for an observational pilot study, Long-Term Effects of Repeated Blast Exposure in U.S. SOF Personnel (ReBlast). In this exploratory study, 30 active-duty SOF personnel with RBE will participate in a comprehensive evaluation of: 1) brain network structure and function using Connectome magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 7 Tesla MRI; 2) neuroinflammation and tau deposition using positron emission tomography; 3) blood proteomics and metabolomics; 4) behavioral and physical symptoms using self-report measures; and 5) cognition using a battery of conventional and digitized assessments designed to detect subtle deficits in otherwise high-performing individuals. We will identify clinical, neuroimaging, and blood-based phenotypes that are associated with level of RBE, as measured by the Generalized Blast Exposure Value. Candidate biomarkers of RBE-related brain injury will inform the design of a subsequent study that will test a diagnostic assessment battery for detecting RBE-related brain injury. Ultimately, we anticipate that the ReBlast study will facilitate the development of interventions to optimize the brain health, quality of life, and battle readiness of U.S. SOF personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Edlow
- Harvard Medical School, 1811, 175 Cambridge Street - Suite 300, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115.,Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Yelena G Bodien
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Neurology, 101 Merrimac, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114;
| | - Timothy Baxter
- University of South Florida, 7831, Institute for Applied Engineering, Tampa, Florida, United States;
| | - Heather Belanger
- University of South Florida, 7831, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Tampa, Florida, United States;
| | - Ryan Cali
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Katryna Deary
- Navy SEAL Foundation, Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States;
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Room 2301, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States, 02129-2020.,Massachusetts General Hospital;
| | - Andrea S Foulkes
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Natalie Gilmore
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Susie Y Huang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Jessica N Kelemen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - W Taylor Kimberly
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Chiara Maffei
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Maryam Masood
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Daniel Perl
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 1685, Pathology, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Room B3138, Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20814;
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Bruce R Rosen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Samantha Tromly
- University of South Florida, 7831, Institute for Applied Engineering, Tampa, Florida, United States;
| | - Chieh-En J Tseng
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Eveline F Yao
- United States Special Operations Command, Office of the Surgeon General, MacDill Air Force Base, United States;
| | - Nicole R Zurcher
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;
| | - Christine L Mac Donald
- University of Washington, 7284, Department of Neurological Surgery, Seattle, Washington, United States;
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5925, Rehabilitation Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, Box 1163, New York, New York, United States, 10029; kristen.dams-o'
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3
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Fernández-Castañeda A, Lu P, Geraghty AC, Song E, Lee MH, Wood J, Yalçın B, Taylor KR, Dutton S, Acosta-Alvarez L, Ni L, Contreras-Esquivel D, Gehlhausen JR, Klein J, Lucas C, Mao T, Silva J, Peña-Hernández MA, Tabachnikova A, Takahashi T, Tabacof L, Tosto-Mancuso J, Breyman E, Kontorovich A, McCarthy D, Quezado M, Hefti M, Perl D, Folkerth R, Putrino D, Nath A, Iwasaki A, Monje M. Mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multi-lineage cellular dysregulation and myelin loss in the brain. bioRxiv 2022:2022.01.07.475453. [PMID: 35043113 PMCID: PMC8764721 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.07.475453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Survivors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection frequently experience lingering neurological symptoms, including impairment in attention, concentration, speed of information processing and memory. This long-COVID cognitive syndrome shares many features with the syndrome of cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Neuroinflammation, particularly microglial reactivity and consequent dysregulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and oligodendrocyte lineage cells, is central to CRCI. We hypothesized that similar cellular mechanisms may contribute to the persistent neurological symptoms associated with even mild SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection. Here, we explored neuroinflammation caused by mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection - without neuroinvasion - and effects on hippocampal neurogenesis and the oligodendroglial lineage. Using a mouse model of mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection induced by intranasal SARS-CoV-2 delivery, we found white matter-selective microglial reactivity, a pattern observed in CRCI. Human brain tissue from 9 individuals with COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits the same pattern of prominent white matter-selective microglial reactivity. In mice, pro-inflammatory CSF cytokines/chemokines were elevated for at least 7-weeks post-infection; among the chemokines demonstrating persistent elevation is CCL11, which is associated with impairments in neurogenesis and cognitive function. Humans experiencing long-COVID with cognitive symptoms (48 subjects) similarly demonstrate elevated CCL11 levels compared to those with long-COVID who lack cognitive symptoms (15 subjects). Impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, decreased oligodendrocytes and myelin loss in subcortical white matter were evident at 1 week, and persisted until at least 7 weeks, following mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. Taken together, the findings presented here illustrate striking similarities between neuropathophysiology after cancer therapy and after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and elucidate cellular deficits that may contribute to lasting neurological symptoms following even mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peiwen Lu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | - Anna C. Geraghty
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | - Myoung-Hwa Lee
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Besthesda MD USA
| | - Jamie Wood
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Belgin Yalçın
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
| | - Kathryn R. Taylor
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
| | - Selena Dutton
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
| | - Lehi Acosta-Alvarez
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
| | - Lijun Ni
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
| | | | | | - Jon Klein
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | - Carolina Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | - Tianyang Mao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | - Julio Silva
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | | | | | | | - Laura Tabacof
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Jenna Tosto-Mancuso
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Erica Breyman
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Amy Kontorovich
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Dayna McCarthy
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Marco Hefti
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Daniel Perl
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda MD USA
| | | | - David Putrino
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Avi Nath
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Besthesda MD USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
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4
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McCrea MA, Giacino JT, Barber J, Temkin NR, Nelson LD, Levin HS, Dikmen S, Stein M, Bodien YG, Boase K, Taylor SR, Vassar M, Mukherjee P, Robertson C, Diaz-Arrastia R, Okonkwo DO, Markowitz AJ, Manley GT, Adeoye O, Badjatia N, Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Corrigan JD, Crawford K, Duhaime AC, Ellenbogen R, Feeser VR, Ferguson AR, Foreman B, Gardner R, Gaudette E, Goldman D, Gonzalez L, Gopinath S, Gullapalli R, Hemphill JC, Hotz G, Jain S, Keene CD, Korley FK, Kramer J, Kreitzer N, Lindsell C, Machamer J, Madden C, Martin A, McAllister T, Merchant R, Ngwenya LB, Noel F, Nolan A, Palacios E, Perl D, Puccio A, Rabinowitz M, Rosand J, Sander A, Satris G, Schnyer D, Seabury S, Sherer M, Toga A, Valadka A, Wang K, Yue JK, Yuh E, Zafonte R. Functional Outcomes Over the First Year After Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in the Prospective, Longitudinal TRACK-TBI Study. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:982-992. [PMID: 34228047 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Importance Moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (msTBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the US and worldwide. Few studies have enabled prospective, longitudinal outcome data collection from the acute to chronic phases of recovery after msTBI. Objective To prospectively assess outcomes in major areas of life function at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months after msTBI. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study, as part of the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) study, was conducted at 18 level 1 trauma centers in the US from February 2014 to August 2018 and prospectively assessed longitudinal outcomes, with follow-up to 12 months postinjury. Participants were patients with msTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale scores 3-12) extracted from a larger group of patients with mild, moderate, or severe TBI who were enrolled in TRACK-TBI. Data analysis took place from October 2019 to April 2021. Exposures Moderate or severe TBI. Main Outcomes and Measures The Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) and Disability Rating Scale (DRS) were used to assess global functional status 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. Scores on the GOSE were dichotomized to determine favorable (scores 4-8) vs unfavorable (scores 1-3) outcomes. Neurocognitive testing and patient reported outcomes at 12 months postinjury were analyzed. Results A total of 484 eligible patients were included from the 2679 individuals in the TRACK-TBI study. Participants with severe TBI (n = 362; 283 men [78.2%]; median [interquartile range] age, 35.5 [25-53] years) and moderate TBI (n = 122; 98 men [80.3%]; median [interquartile range] age, 38 [25-53] years) were comparable on demographic and premorbid variables. At 2 weeks postinjury, 36 of 290 participants with severe TBI (12.4%) and 38 of 93 participants with moderate TBI (41%) had favorable outcomes (GOSE scores 4-8); 301 of 322 in the severe TBI group (93.5%) and 81 of 103 in the moderate TBI group (78.6%) had moderate disability or worse on the DRS (total score ≥4). By 12 months postinjury, 142 of 271 with severe TBI (52.4%) and 54 of 72 with moderate TBI (75%) achieved favorable outcomes. Nearly 1 in 5 participants with severe TBI (52 of 270 [19.3%]) and 1 in 3 with moderate TBI (23 of 71 [32%]) reported no disability (DRS score 0) at 12 months. Among participants in a vegetative state at 2 weeks, 62 of 79 (78%) regained consciousness and 14 of 56 with available data (25%) regained orientation by 12 months. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, patients with msTBI frequently demonstrated major functional gains, including recovery of independence, between 2 weeks and 12 months postinjury. Severe impairment in the short term did not portend poor outcomes in a substantial minority of patients with msTBI. When discussing prognosis during the first 2 weeks after injury, clinicians should be particularly cautious about making early, definitive prognostic statements suggesting poor outcomes and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in patients with msTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Joseph T Giacino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason Barber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Nancy R Temkin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lindsay D Nelson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Harvey S Levin
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sureyya Dikmen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Murray Stein
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego
| | - Yelena G Bodien
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kim Boase
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sabrina R Taylor
- Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Mary Vassar
- Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Claudia Robertson
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - David O Okonkwo
- Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amy J Markowitz
- Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Geoffrey T Manley
- Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sonia Jain
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | | | | | - Joel Kramer
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amber Nolan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Eva Palacios
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Daniel Perl
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ava Puccio
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arthur Toga
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - John K Yue
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Esther Yuh
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
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5
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Yuh EL, Jain S, Sun X, Pisica D, Harris MH, Taylor SR, Markowitz AJ, Mukherjee P, Verheyden J, Giacino JT, Levin HS, McCrea M, Stein MB, Temkin NR, Diaz-Arrastia R, Robertson CS, Lingsma HF, Okonkwo DO, Maas AIR, Manley GT, Adeoye O, Badjatia N, Boase K, Bodien Y, Corrigan JD, Crawford K, Dikmen S, Duhaime AC, Ellenbogen R, Feeser VR, Ferguson AR, Foreman B, Gardner R, Gaudette E, Gonzalez L, Gopinath S, Gullapalli R, Hemphill JC, Hotz G, Keene CD, Kramer J, Kreitzer N, Lindsell C, Machamer J, Madden C, Martin A, McAllister T, Merchant R, Nelson L, Ngwenya LB, Noel F, Nolan A, Palacios E, Perl D, Rabinowitz M, Rosand J, Sander A, Satris G, Schnyer D, Seabury S, Toga A, Valadka A, Vassar M, Zafonte R. Pathological Computed Tomography Features Associated With Adverse Outcomes After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study With External Validation in CENTER-TBI. JAMA Neurol 2021; 78:1137-1148. [PMID: 34279565 PMCID: PMC8290344 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Question Are different patterns of intracranial injury on head computed tomography associated with prognosis after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)? Findings In this cohort study, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, and contusion often co-occurred and were associated with both incomplete recovery and more severe impairment out to 12 months after injury, while intraventricular and/or petechial hemorrhage co-occurred and were associated with more severe impairment up to 12 months after injury; epidural hematoma was associated with incomplete recovery at some points but not with more severe impairment. Some intracranial hemorrhage patterns were more strongly associated with outcomes than previously validated demographic and clinical variables. Meaning In this study, different pathological features on head computed tomography carried different implications for mild traumatic brain injury prognosis to 1 year. Importance A head computed tomography (CT) with positive results for acute intracranial hemorrhage is the gold-standard diagnostic biomarker for acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). In moderate to severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] scores 3-12), some CT features have been shown to be associated with outcomes. In mild TBI (mTBI; GCS scores 13-15), distribution and co-occurrence of pathological CT features and their prognostic importance are not well understood. Objective To identify pathological CT features associated with adverse outcomes after mTBI. Design, Setting, and Participants The longitudinal, observational Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) study enrolled patients with TBI, including those 17 years and older with GCS scores of 13 to 15 who presented to emergency departments at 18 US level 1 trauma centers between February 26, 2014, and August 8, 2018, and underwent head CT imaging within 24 hours of TBI. Evaluations of CT imaging used TBI Common Data Elements. Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended (GOSE) scores were assessed at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. External validation of results was performed via the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) study. Data analyses were completed from February 2020 to February 2021. Exposures Acute nonpenetrating head trauma. Main Outcomes and Measures Frequency, co-occurrence, and clustering of CT features; incomplete recovery (GOSE scores <8 vs 8); and an unfavorable outcome (GOSE scores <5 vs ≥5) at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months. Results In 1935 patients with mTBI (mean [SD] age, 41.5 [17.6] years; 1286 men [66.5%]) in the TRACK-TBI cohort and 2594 patients with mTBI (mean [SD] age, 51.8 [20.3] years; 1658 men [63.9%]) in an external validation cohort, hierarchical cluster analysis identified 3 major clusters of CT features: contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and/or subdural hematoma; intraventricular and/or petechial hemorrhage; and epidural hematoma. Contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and/or subdural hematoma features were associated with incomplete recovery (odds ratios [ORs] for GOSE scores <8 at 1 year: TRACK-TBI, 1.80 [95% CI, 1.39-2.33]; CENTER-TBI, 2.73 [95% CI, 2.18-3.41]) and greater degrees of unfavorable outcomes (ORs for GOSE scores <5 at 1 year: TRACK-TBI, 3.23 [95% CI, 1.59-6.58]; CENTER-TBI, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.13-2.49]) out to 12 months after injury, but epidural hematoma was not. Intraventricular and/or petechial hemorrhage was associated with greater degrees of unfavorable outcomes up to 12 months after injury (eg, OR for GOSE scores <5 at 1 year in TRACK-TBI: 3.47 [95% CI, 1.66-7.26]). Some CT features were more strongly associated with outcomes than previously validated variables (eg, ORs for GOSE scores <5 at 1 year in TRACK-TBI: neuropsychiatric history, 1.43 [95% CI .98-2.10] vs contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and/or subdural hematoma, 3.23 [95% CI 1.59-6.58]). Findings were externally validated in 2594 patients with mTBI enrolled in the CENTER-TBI study. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, pathological CT features carried different prognostic implications after mTBI to 1 year postinjury. Some patterns of injury were associated with worse outcomes than others. These results support that patients with mTBI and these CT features need TBI-specific education and systematic follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther L Yuh
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Sonia Jain
- Biostatistics Research Center, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Biostatistics Research Center, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Dana Pisica
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark H Harris
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Sabrina R Taylor
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Amy J Markowitz
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Jan Verheyden
- Research and Development, Icometrix, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph T Giacino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harvey S Levin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Nancy R Temkin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | - Hester F Lingsma
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David O Okonkwo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew I R Maas
- Department of Neurosurgery, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Geoffrey T Manley
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel Kramer
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amber Nolan
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Eva Palacios
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Daniel Perl
- Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arthur Toga
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Mary Vassar
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
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6
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Perl D, Waljee AK, Bishu S, Higgins PDR, Wasnik AP, Stidham RW. Imaging Features Associated With Failure of Nonoperative Management of Intraabdominal Abscesses in Crohn Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1939-1944. [PMID: 31294779 PMCID: PMC6855277 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraabdominal abscess management decisions in the treatment of Crohn disease (CD) can be challenging. Our aim was to determine the effect of clinical, medication use, and imaging disease characteristics on the need for future surgical management. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed in patients with CD hospitalized for abscess confirmed by imaging between 2008 and 2016. Selection criteria included nonoperative management with intravenous antibiotics at the index hospitalization and a minimum of 2 years of follow up. Demographic, disease, and medication history were extracted from electronic medical records. Radiographic disease features were assessed by an expert abdominal radiologist, blinded to clinical data. The primary outcome was resection of the bowel segment involving the abscess within 2 years of index hospitalization. Cox proportional hazards regression and statistical methods were performed using SAS 9.4. RESULTS Of the 121 patients meeting the selection criteria, 36.4% avoided surgery after 2 years of follow up. On adjusted multivariable analysis, disease-activity factors including bowel wall thickness (HR 3.08, 95% CL 1.20-6.21), disease length (HR 2.67, 95% CL 1.40-6.20), bowel dilation (HR 2.19, 95% CL 1.02-4.68), and abscess size of greater than 6 cm (HR 2.47, 95%CL 1.17-5.21) were independent risk factors for future surgery in patients not undergoing immediate bowel resection for abscess management. Biologic use and percutaneous drainage were not risk factors for ultimate surgical management. CONCLUSIONS Radiographic CD features and abscess size over 6 cm are predictors of ultimately requiring bowel resection. Radiographic measures may help stratify patients to immediate surgery or conservative management for intraabdominal CD-related abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perl
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Akbar K Waljee
- VA Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Health Care System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,University of Michigan Medical School, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shrinivas Bishu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter D R Higgins
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashish P Wasnik
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ryan W Stidham
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,University of Michigan Medical School, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Address correspondence to Ryan W. Stidham, MD, MSc, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, 3912 Taubman Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 ()
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7
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Nelson LD, Temkin NR, Dikmen S, Barber J, Giacino JT, Yuh E, Levin HS, McCrea MA, Stein MB, Mukherjee P, Okonkwo DO, Robertson CS, Diaz-Arrastia R, Manley GT, Adeoye O, Badjatia N, Boase K, Bodien Y, Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Corrigan JD, Crawford K, Duhaime AC, Ellenbogen R, Feeser VR, Ferguson A, Foreman B, Gardner R, Gaudette E, Gonzalez L, Gopinath S, Gullapalli R, Hemphill JC, Hotz G, Jain S, Korley F, Kramer J, Kreitzer N, Lindsell C, Machamer J, Madden C, Martin A, McAllister T, Merchant R, Noel F, Palacios E, Perl D, Puccio A, Rabinowitz M, Rosand J, Sander A, Satris G, Schnyer D, Seabury S, Sherer M, Taylor S, Toga A, Valadka A, Vassar MJ, Vespa P, Wang K, Yue JK, Zafonte R. Recovery After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients Presenting to US Level I Trauma Centers: A Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) Study. JAMA Neurol 2019; 76:1049-1059. [PMID: 31157856 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Importance Most traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are classified as mild (mTBI) based on admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 13 to 15. The prevalence of persistent functional limitations for these patients is unclear. Objectives To characterize the natural history of recovery of daily function following mTBI vs peripheral orthopedic traumatic injury in the first 12 months postinjury using data from the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury (TRACK-TBI) study, and, using clinical computed tomographic (CT) scans, examine whether the presence (CT+) or absence (CT-) of acute intracranial findings in the mTBI group was associated with outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants TRACK-TBI, a cohort study of patients with mTBI presenting to US level I trauma centers, enrolled patients from February 26, 2014, to August 8, 2018, and followed up for 12 months. A total of 1453 patients at 11 level I trauma center emergency departments or inpatient units met inclusion criteria (ie, mTBI [n = 1154] or peripheral orthopedic traumatic injury [n = 299]) and were enrolled within 24 hours of injury; mTBI participants had admission GCS scores of 13 to 15 and clinical head CT scans. Patients with peripheral orthopedic trauma injury served as the control (OTC) group. Exposures Participants with mTBI or OTC. Main Outcomes and Measures The Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) scale score, reflecting injury-related functional limitations across broad life domains at 2 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury was the primary outcome. The possible score range of the GOSE score is 1 (dead) to 8 (upper good recovery), with a score less than 8 indicating some degree of functional impairment. Results Of the 1453 participants, 953 (65.6%) were men; mean (SD) age was 40.9 (17.1) years in the mTBI group and 40.9 (15.4) years in the OTC group. Most participants (mTBI, 87%; OTC, 93%) reported functional limitations (GOSE <8) at 2 weeks postinjury. At 12 months, the percentage of mTBI participants reporting functional limitations was 53% (95% CI, 49%-56%) vs 38% (95% CI, 30%-45%) for OTCs. A higher percentage of CT+ patients reported impairment (61%) compared with the mTBI CT- group (49%; relative risk [RR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.08-1.43) and a higher percentage in the mTBI CT-group compared with the OTC group (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.02-1.60). Conclusions and Relevance Most patients with mTBI presenting to US level I trauma centers report persistent, injury-related life difficulties at 1 year postinjury, suggesting the need for more systematic follow-up of patients with mTBI to provide treatments and reduce the risk of chronic problems after mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph T Giacino
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | | | | | | | - Murray B Stein
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Claudia S Robertson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kim Boase
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | - Randall Chesnut
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | | | | | - V Ramana Feeser
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Adam Ferguson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Raquel Gardner
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | - Shankar Gopinath
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Jain
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Frederick Korley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Joel Kramer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Chris Lindsell
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joan Machamer
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Christopher Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Alastair Martin
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Thomas McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Randall Merchant
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Florence Noel
- Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Eva Palacios
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Daniel Perl
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ava Puccio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Miri Rabinowitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - Angelle Sander
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriela Satris
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California
| | - David Schnyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin
| | | | | | - Sabrina Taylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Arthur Toga
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Alex Valadka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Mary J Vassar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul Vespa
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles
| | - Kevin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - John K Yue
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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8
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Stein MB, Jain S, Giacino JT, Levin H, Dikmen S, Nelson LD, Vassar MJ, Okonkwo DO, Diaz-Arrastia R, Robertson CS, Mukherjee P, McCrea M, Mac Donald CL, Yue JK, Yuh E, Sun X, Campbell-Sills L, Temkin N, Manley GT, Adeoye O, Badjatia N, Boase K, Bodien Y, Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Corrigan JD, Crawford K, Diaz-Arrastia R, Dikmen S, Duhaime AC, Ellenbogen R, Feeser VR, Ferguson A, Foreman B, Gardner R, Gaudette E, Giacino JT, Gonzalez L, Gopinath S, Gullapalli R, Hemphill JC, Hotz G, Jain S, Korley F, Kramer J, Kreitzer N, Levin H, Lindsell C, Machamer J, Madden C, Martin A, McAllister T, McCrea M, Merchant R, Mukherjee P, Nelson LD, Noel F, Okonkwo DO, Palacios E, Perl D, Puccio A, Rabinowitz M, Robertson CS, Rosand J, Sander A, Satris G, Schnyer D, Seabury S, Sherer M, Stein MB, Taylor S, Toga A, Temkin N, Valadka A, Vassar MJ, Vespa P, Wang K, Yue JK, Yuh E, Zafonte R. Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depression in Civilian Patients After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study. JAMA Psychiatry 2019; 76:249-258. [PMID: 30698636 PMCID: PMC6439818 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.4288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), but little is known about factors that modify risk for these psychiatric sequelae, particularly in the civilian sector. OBJECTIVE To ascertain prevalence of and risk factors for PTSD and MDD among patients evaluated in the emergency department for mild TBI (mTBI). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective longitudinal cohort study (February 2014 to May 2018). Posttraumatic stress disorder and MDD symptoms were assessed using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item. Risk factors evaluated included preinjury and injury characteristics. Propensity score weights-adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were performed to assess associations with PTSD and MDD. A total of 1155 patients with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score, 13-15) and 230 patients with nonhead orthopedic trauma injuries 17 years and older seen in 11 US hospitals with level 1 trauma centers were included in this study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Probable PTSD (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 score, ≥33) and MDD (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item score, ≥15) at 3, 6, and 12 months postinjury. RESULTS Participants were 1155 patients (752 men [65.1%]; mean [SD] age, 40.5 [17.2] years) with mTBI and 230 patients (155 men [67.4%]; mean [SD] age, 40.4 [15.6] years) with nonhead orthopedic trauma injuries. Weights-adjusted prevalence of PTSD and/or MDD in the mTBI vs orthopedic trauma comparison groups at 3 months was 20.0% (SE, 1.4%) vs 8.7% (SE, 2.2%) (P < .001) and at 6 months was 21.2% (SE, 1.5%) vs 12.1% (SE, 3.2%) (P = .03). Risk factors for probable PTSD at 6 months after mTBI included less education (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.97 per year), being black (adjusted odds ratio, 5.11; 95% CI, 2.89-9.05), self-reported psychiatric history (adjusted odds ratio, 3.57; 95% CI, 2.09-6.09), and injury resulting from assault or other violence (adjusted odds ratio, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.56-7.54). Risk factors for probable MDD after mTBI were similar with the exception that cause of injury was not associated with increased risk. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE After mTBI, some individuals, on the basis of education, race/ethnicity, history of mental health problems, and cause of injury were at substantially increased risk of PTSD and/or MDD. These findings should influence recognition of at-risk individuals and inform efforts at surveillance, follow-up, and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray B. Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Sonia Jain
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Joseph T. Giacino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Harvey Levin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sureyya Dikmen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lindsay D. Nelson
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Mary J. Vassar
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | - David O. Okonkwo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Claudia S. Robertson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California,Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco,Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Michael McCrea
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | | | - John K. Yue
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Esther Yuh
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California,Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco,Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | | | - Nancy Temkin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Geoffrey T. Manley
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | | | | | - Kim Boase
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | - Randall Chesnut
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | | | - Sureyya Dikmen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | - V Ramana Feeser
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Adam Ferguson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Raquel Gardner
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Joseph T Giacino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | | | - Shankar Gopinath
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Jain
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Frederick Korley
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Joel Kramer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Harvey Levin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chris Lindsell
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Joan Machamer
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Christopher Madden
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Alastair Martin
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Thomas McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Michael McCrea
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Randall Merchant
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lindsay D Nelson
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Florence Noel
- Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David O Okonkwo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eva Palacios
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Daniel Perl
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ava Puccio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Miri Rabinowitz
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Claudia S Robertson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Angelle Sander
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gabriela Satris
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California
| | - David Schnyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin
| | | | | | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla.,Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Sabrina Taylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Arthur Toga
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Nancy Temkin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Alex Valadka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond
| | - Mary J Vassar
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Paul Vespa
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles
| | - Kevin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - John K Yue
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Esther Yuh
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California.,Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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9
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Snyder HM, Carare RO, DeKosky ST, de Leon MJ, Dykxhoorn D, Gan L, Gardner R, Hinds SR, Jaffee M, Lamb BT, Landau S, Manley G, McKee A, Perl D, Schneider JA, Weiner M, Wellington C, Yaffe K, Bain L, Pacifico AM, Carrillo MC. Military-related risk factors for dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:1651-1662. [PMID: 30415806 PMCID: PMC6281800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been growing discussion to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder and how they may be linked to an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease in veterans. METHODS Building on that discussion, and subsequent to a special issue of Alzheimer's & Dementia published in June 2014, which focused on military risk factors, the Alzheimer's Association convened a continued discussion of the scientific community on December 1, 2016. RESULTS During this meeting, participants presented and evaluated progress made since 2012 and identified outstanding knowledge gaps regarding factors that may impact veterans' risk for later life dementia. DISCUSSION The following is a summary of the invited presentations and moderated discussions of both the review of scientific understanding and identification of gaps to inform further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Snyder
- Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Clinical Neuroanatomy, Equality and Diversity Lead, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mony J de Leon
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Derek Dykxhoorn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miami University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Gladstone Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raquel Gardner
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology & Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sidney R Hinds
- Blast Injury Research Program Coordinating Office, United States Army Medical Research and Material Command, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael Jaffee
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bruce T Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Susan Landau
- Helen Willis Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkley, Berkley, CA, USA
| | - Geoff Manley
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology & Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ann McKee
- Department of Neurology and Pathology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Perl
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Neurology Department, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Weiner
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology & Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Maria C Carrillo
- Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Iacono D, Lee P, Hallett M, Perl D. Possible Post-Traumatic Focal Dystonia Associated with Tau Pathology Localized to Putamen-Globus Pallidus. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2018; 5:492-498. [PMID: 30637269 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dystonia is often associated with damage to basal ganglia (BG), but neuropathological assessments of these cases are infrequent. Methods A brain was assessed with possible post-traumatic focal dystonia that appeared after an accident occurred during childhood. Results Tau pathology was found within putamen and globus pallidus of the right hemisphere, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was observed in the cortex of the left hemisphere. No diffuse axonal injury (DAI), β-amyloid, ubiquitin, p62, or pTDP43 pathology was found. Conclusions Post-traumatic dystonia could be associated with post-traumatic tau pathology formation. However, more cases are necessary to establish causality. The tau lesions found in the BG of this patient did not fit within CTE criteria. We hypothesize that due to the anatomo-histological characteristics of the BG, tau pathology associated with brain traumas produce histopathological patterns different from sulcal-tau pathology, which is the only tau pathology distribution currently accepted as pathognomonic of CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Iacono
- Brain Tissue Repository & Neuropathology Core, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) Uniformed Services University (USU) Bethesda MD.,Department of Neurology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine Uniformed Services University (USU) Bethesda MD.,Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine Uniformed Services University (USU) Bethesda MD.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF) Bethesda MD.,Complex Neurodegenerative Disorders, Motor Neuron Disorders Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS NIH Bethesda MD
| | - Patricia Lee
- Brain Tissue Repository & Neuropathology Core, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) Uniformed Services University (USU) Bethesda MD.,The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine (HJF) Bethesda MD
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, NINDS NIH Bethesda MD
| | - Daniel Perl
- Brain Tissue Repository & Neuropathology Core, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) Uniformed Services University (USU) Bethesda MD.,Department of Pathology, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine Uniformed Services University (USU) Bethesda MD
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11
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Agoston D, Arun P, Bellgowan P, Broglio S, Cantu R, Cook D, da Silva UO, Dickstein D, Elder G, Fudge E, Gandy S, Gill J, Glenn JF, Gupta RK, Hinds S, Hoffman S, Lattimore T, Lin A, Lu KP, Maroon J, Okonkwo D, Perl D, Robinson M, Rosen C, Smith D. Military Blast Injury and Chronic Neurodegeneration: Research Presentations from the 2015 International State-of-the-Science Meeting. J Neurotrauma 2018; 34:S6-S17. [PMID: 28937955 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a signature injury of recent military conflicts, leading to increased Department of Defense (DoD) interest in its potential long-term effects, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The DoD Blast Injury Research Program Coordinating Office convened the 2015 International State-of-the-Science Meeting to discuss the existing evidence regarding a causal relationship between TBI and CTE. Over the course of the meeting, experts across government, academia, and the sports community presented cutting edge research on the unique pathological characteristics of blast-related TBI, blast-related neurodegenerative mechanisms, risk factors for CTE, potential biomarkers for CTE, and treatment strategies for chronic neurodegeneration. The current paper summarizes these presentations. Although many advances have been made to address these topics, more research is needed to establish the existence of links between the long-term effects of single or multiple blast-related TBI and CTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denes Agoston
- 1 Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Peethambaran Arun
- 2 Walter Reed Army Institute of Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Patrick Bellgowan
- 3 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Robert Cantu
- 5 Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Cook
- 6 VA Puget Sound Health Care System , Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Dara Dickstein
- 8 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
| | - Gregory Elder
- 9 James J. Peters VA Medical Center , Bronx, New York
| | - Elizabeth Fudge
- 10 Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense , Health Affairs, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Sam Gandy
- 8 Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York.,11 James J. Peters VA Medical Center , Bronx, New York
| | - Jessica Gill
- 12 National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John F Glenn
- 13 US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command , Fort Detrik, Maryland
| | - Raj K Gupta
- 13 US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command , Fort Detrik, Maryland
| | - Sidney Hinds
- 14 Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center , Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Theresa Lattimore
- 10 Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense , Health Affairs, Falls Church, Virginia
| | - Alexander Lin
- 16 Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kun Ping Lu
- 17 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joseph Maroon
- 18 University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David Okonkwo
- 18 University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Perl
- 1 Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Charles Rosen
- 20 Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Douglas Smith
- 21 University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Perl D. [S1–02–02]: DEMENTIA RESULTING FROM TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perl
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine Brain Tissue Repository (CNRM)BethesdaMDUSA
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Perl D, Leddin D, Bizos D, Veitch A, N'Dow J, Bush-Goddard S, Njie R, Lemoine M, Anderson ST, Igoe J, Anandasabapathy S, Shah B. Endoscopic capacity in West Africa. Afr Health Sci 2016; 16:329-38. [PMID: 27358650 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v16i1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levels of endoscopic demand and capacity in West Africa are unclear. OBJECTIVES This paper aims to: 1. describe the current labor and endoscopic capacity, 2. quantify the impact of a mixed-methods endoscopy course on healthcare professionals in West Africa, and 3. quantify the types of diagnoses encountered. METHODS In a three-day course, healthcare professionals were surveyed on endoscopic resources and capacity and were taught through active observation of live cases, case discussion, simulator experience and didactics. Before and after didactics, multiple-choice exams as well as questionnaires were administered to assess for course efficacy. Also, a case series of 23 patients needing upper GI endoscopy was done. RESULTS In surveying physicians, less than half had resources to perform an EGD and none could perform an ERCP, while waiting time for emergency endoscopy in urban populations was at least one day. In assessing improvement in medical knowledge among participants after didactics, objective data paired with subjective responses was more useful than either alone. Of 23 patients who received endoscopy, 7 required endoscopic intervention with 6 having gastric or esophageal varices. Currently the endoscopic capacity in West Africa is not sufficient. A formal GI course with simulation and didactics improves gastrointestinal knowledge amongst participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perl
- Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Desmond Leddin
- Gastroenterology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Damon Bizos
- Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Andrew Veitch
- Gastroenterology, New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, England
| | - James N'Dow
- Urological Surgery, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | | | - Ramou Njie
- Hepatology, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia
| | - Maud Lemoine
- Hepatology, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia
| | | | - John Igoe
- Gastroenterology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Brijen Shah
- Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Parikh ND, Perl D, Lee MH, Chang SS, Polydorides AD, Moshier E, Godbold J, Zhou E, Mitcham J, Richards-Kortum R, Anandasabapathy S. In vivo classification of colorectal neoplasia using high-resolution microendoscopy: Improvement with experience. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 30:1155-60. [PMID: 25753782 PMCID: PMC4504008 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) is a novel, low-cost "optical biopsy" technology that allows for subcellular imaging. The study aim was to evaluate the learning curve of HRME for the differentiation of neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps. METHODS In a prospective cohort fashion, a total of 162 polyps from 97 patients at a single tertiary care center were imaged by HRME and classified in real time as neoplastic (adenomatous, cancer) or non-neoplastic (normal, hyperplastic, inflammatory). Histopathology was the gold standard for comparison. Diagnostic accuracy was examined at three intervals over time throughout the study; the initial interval included the first 40 polyps, the middle interval included the next 40 polyps examined, and the final interval included the last 82 polyps examined. RESULTS Sensitivity increased significantly from the initial interval (50%) to the middle interval (94%, P = 0.02) and the last interval (97%, P = 0.01). Similarly, specificity was 69% for the initial interval but increased to 92% (P = 0.07) in the middle interval and 96% (P = 0.02) in the last interval. Overall accuracy was 63% for the initial interval and then improved to 93% (P = 0.003) in the middle interval and 96% (P = 0.0007) in the last interval. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this in vivo study demonstrates that an endoscopist without prior colon HRME experience can achieve greater than 90% accuracy for identifying neoplastic colorectal polyps after 40 polyps imaged. HRME is a promising modality to complement white light endoscopy in differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil D. Parikh
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Daniel Perl
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Michelle H. Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Shannon S Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | | | - Erin Moshier
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, U.S.A
| | - James Godbold
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, U.S.A
| | - Elinor Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Josephine Mitcham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimbra Kenney
- Uniformed Services of the Health SciencesRockvilleMarylandUnited States
| | - Silvia Massetti
- Walter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMarylandUnited States
| | - Sharon Shively
- Uniformed Services of the Health SciencesRockvilleMarylandUnited States
| | | | - Daniel Perl
- Uniformed Services of the Health SciencesRockvilleMarylandUnited States
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Parikh N, Perl D, Lee MH, Shah B, Young Y, Chang SS, Shukla R, Polydorides AD, Moshier E, Godbold J, Zhou E, Mitchaml J, Richards-Kortum R, Anandasabapathy S. In vivo diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution microendoscopy in differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps: a prospective study. Am J Gastroenterol 2014; 109:68-75. [PMID: 24296752 PMCID: PMC3947255 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2013.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) is a low-cost, "optical biopsy" technology that allows for subcellular imaging. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vivo diagnostic accuracy of the HRME for the differentiation of neoplastic from non-neoplastic colorectal polyps and compare it to that of high-definition white-light endoscopy (WLE) with histopathology as the gold standard. METHODS Three endoscopists prospectively detected a total of 171 polyps from 94 patients that were then imaged by HRME and classified in real-time as neoplastic (adenomatous, cancer) or non-neoplastic (normal, hyperplastic, inflammatory). RESULTS HRME had a significantly higher accuracy (94%), specificity (95%), and positive predictive value (PPV, 87%) for the determination of neoplastic colorectal polyps compared with WLE (65%, 39%, and 55%, respectively). When looking at small colorectal polyps (less than 10 mm), HRME continued to significantly outperform WLE in terms of accuracy (95% vs. 64%), specificity (98% vs. 40%) and PPV (92% vs. 55%). These trends continued when evaluating diminutive polyps (less than 5 mm) as HRME's accuracy (95%), specificity (98%), and PPV (93%) were all significantly greater than their WLE counterparts (62%, 41%, and 53%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this in vivo study demonstrates that HRME can be a very effective modality in the differentiation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal polyps. A combination of standard white-light colonoscopy for polyp detection and HRME for polyp classification has the potential to truly allow the endoscopist to selectively determine which lesions can be left in situ, which lesions can simply be discarded, and which lesions need formal histopathologic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Parikh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, U.S.A
| | - Daniel Perl
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Michelle H. Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, U.S.A
| | - Brijen Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, U.S.A
| | - Yuki Young
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, U.S.A
| | - Shannon S. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Richa Shukla
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | | | - Erin Moshier
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, U.S.A
| | - James Godbold
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, U.S.A
| | - Elinor Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Josephine Mitchaml
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, U.S.A
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Parikh N, Perl D, Zhou E, Gonzalez S, Anandasabapathy S. Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for the Differentiation of Normal from Neoplastic Barrett's Mucosa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2212-0971(13)70007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Qu BX, Gong Y, Sinclair D, Fu M, Perl D, Diaz-Arrastia R. cPLA2α knockout mice exhibit abnormalities in the architecture and synapses of cortical neurons. Brain Res 2012; 1497:101-5. [PMID: 23266724 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) affects membrane fluidity and permeability by catalyzing the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids. We hypothesize that cPLA2α deficiency induces rigidity and architectural changes in cell membranes, especially in large cortical neurons. These membrane changes are discernible using light and electron microscopy. Through careful comparison with wild-type counterparts, we observed significant morphological changes in cortical neurons of cPLA2α knockout mice. These changes included the following: (1) increased numbers of nucleoli and enlarged nuclei, (2) narrower spaces between the inner and outer nuclear membranes, (3) reduced numbers of nuclear pores and altered nuclear pore structure, and (4) morphological changes in synaptic clefts. These results further suggest that cPLA2α and its cleaved arachidonic acids play important roles in cortical neuronal maturation and in normal neurochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Xi Qu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.
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Nair G, Van Dyk K, Shah U, Purohit DP, Pinto C, Shah AB, Grossman H, Perl D, Ganwir V, Shanker S, Sano M. Characterizing cognitive deficits and dementia in an aging urban population in India. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:673849. [PMID: 22792507 PMCID: PMC3390041 DOI: 10.1155/2012/673849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid rise in the population of older adults in India will lead to the need for increased health care services related to diagnosis, management, and long-term care for those with dementia and cognitive impairment. A direct approach for service provision through memory clinics can be an effective, successful, and sustaining means of delivering specialized health care services. We have established a memory clinic in Mumbai, India by employing the diverse clinical skills available in Indian academic institutions, diagnostic and research expertise of clinicians and psychologists, and the support of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. Our project involved recruitment of patients, clinical and neuropsychological assessment, and standardized diagnostic procedures, demonstrating the feasibility of using research methods to develop a memory clinic. In this paper, we describe the development of a community-based memory clinic in urban India, including linguistic and cultural factors and present detailed results, including diagnostic characterization, on 194 subjects with various stages of cognitive deficits. Our findings support the feasibility of developing a memory clinic in a public hospital and successful use of research diagnostic criteria to categorize cognitive deficits observed in this population, which may be used to inform the development of other such clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Nair
- Neurology Department, T. N. Medical College/BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai 400008, India
| | - K. Van Dyk
- JJP VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
- Psychiatry Department, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - U. Shah
- Neurology Department, KEM Hospital and Seth GS Medical College, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - D. P. Purohit
- Pathology Department, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - C. Pinto
- Psychiatry Department, T. N. Medical College/BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai 400008, India
| | - A. B. Shah
- Neurology Department, T. N. Medical College/BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai 400008, India
| | - H. Grossman
- JJP VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
- Psychiatry Department, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - D. Perl
- Pathology Department, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - V. Ganwir
- Neurology Department, T. N. Medical College/BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai 400008, India
| | - S. Shanker
- Neurology Department, T. N. Medical College/BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai 400008, India
| | - M. Sano
- JJP VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
- Psychiatry Department, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Purohit D, Batheja N, Haroutunian V, Sano M, Grossman H, Perl D. A clinicopathological correlation study of cognitive status and senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in clinically well‐characterized individuals of extreme old age. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.167.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mary Sano
- PsychiatryMount Sinai School of MedicineNew YorkNY
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Shu W, Cho JY, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Weisz D, Elder GA, Schmeidler J, De Gasperi R, Sosa MAG, Rabidou D, Santucci AC, Perl D, Morrisey E, Buxbaum JD. Altered ultrasonic vocalization in mice with a disruption in the Foxp2 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:9643-8. [PMID: 15983371 PMCID: PMC1160518 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0503739102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurobiology of speech and language has previously been studied in the KE family, in which half of the members have severe impairment in both speech and language. The gene responsible for the phenotype was mapped to chromosome 7q31 and identified as the FOXP2 gene, coding for a transcription factor containing a polyglutamine tract and a forkhead DNA-binding domain. Because of linkage studies implicating 7q31 in autism, where language impairment is a component of the disorder, and in specific language impairment, FOXP2 has also been considered as a potential susceptibility locus for the language deficits in autism and/or specific language impairment. In this study, we characterized mice with a disruption in the murine Foxp2 gene. Disruption of both copies of the Foxp2 gene caused severe motor impairment, premature death, and an absence of ultrasonic vocalizations that are elicited when pups are removed from their mothers. Disruption of a single copy of the gene led to modest developmental delay but a significant alteration in ultrasonic vocalization in response to such separation. Learning and memory appear normal in the heterozygous animals. Cerebellar abnormalities were observed in mice with disruptions in Foxp2, with Purkinje cells particularly affected. Our findings support a role for Foxp2 in cerebellar development and in a developmental process that subsumes social communication functions in diverse organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Shu
- Molecular Cardiology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 956 Biomedical Research Building II/III, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Good PF, Alapat D, Hsu A, Chu C, Perl D, Wen X, Burstein DE, Kohtz DS. A role for semaphorin 3A signaling in the degeneration of hippocampal neurons during Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2005; 91:716-36. [PMID: 15485501 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Among the earliest invariant neuropathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the degeneration of vulnerable hippocampal CA1 and subicular pyramidal neurons. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is a secreted protein that functions in signaling growth cone collapse, chemorepulsion and neuronal apoptosis during early development of the central nervous system. In this report we show that accumulation of an internalized form of Sema3A is associated with degeneration of neurons in vulnerable fields of the hippocampus during AD. Accumulation of Sema3A overlaps the appearance of phosphorylated MAP1B and tau in many neurons, suggesting that Sema3A signaling at some level may be coupled to these previously identified cytoskeletal markers of neurodegeneration. Consistent with this, we isolated and partially characterized a multiprotein complex from the hippocampus of patients with AD that contains phosphorylated MAP1B, collapsin-response mediator protein 2 (CRMP-2), Plexins A1 and A2, and a processed form of Sema3A. A model is presented in which aberrant release of Sema3A from expressing neurons in the subiculum during AD results in the internalization and transport of Sema3A from this field to CA1. Within the context of the myriad of potential insults that contribute to Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases, the bioactivity of Sema3A may contribute either directly to neurodegeneration by inducing neuronal collapse, or indirectly by abrogating the recovery capabilities of adult neurons faced with these insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Good
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goals of this study were to establish the frequency of palliative and aggressive treatment measures among patients with and without dementia during the last six months of life, to identify relationships between the severity of dementia and aggressive and palliative care, and to determine whether treatment patterns have changed over time. METHODS Antemortem data for 279 patients with dementia and 24 control patients who were brought for autopsy in chronic care facilities between 1985 and 2000 were reviewed. The severity of dementia was defined by scores on the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Data on use of systemic antibiotics (designated as an aggressive treatment measure) and on use of narcotic and nonnarcotic pain medications and nasal oxygen (defined as palliative measures) were collected from medical charts. RESULTS Fifty-three percent of the patients with dementia and 46 percent of those without dementia had received systemic antibiotics. Fourteen percent of the patients with dementia and 38 percent of those without dementia had received narcotic pain medications. The prevalence of aggressive and palliative measures did not vary significantly with the severity of dementia. Eleven percent of the patients with dementia who died between 1991 and 1995 and 18 percent of those who died between 1996 and 2000 had received narcotic pain medications in the last six months of their lives. CONCLUSIONS Use of systemic antibiotics is prevalent in the treatment of patients with end-stage dementia, despite the limited utility and discomfort associated with the use of these agents. That patients with severe dementia and those with milder cognitive impairment received similar treatment may be contrary to good clinical practice, given the poor prognosis of patients with severe dementia.
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Abstract
Residues Arg3 and Leu66 are crucially important for the enhanced stability of the cold shock protein Bc-Csp from the thermophile Bacillus caldolyticus relative to its homologue Bs-CspB from the mesophile Bacillus subtilis. Arg3, which replaces Glu3 of Bs-CspB, accounts for two-thirds of the stability difference and for the entire difference in Coulombic interactions between the two proteins. Leu66, which replaces Glu66 of Bs-CspB, contributes additional hydrophobic interactions. To elucidate the role of these two residues near the chain termini for the rapid folding of the cold shock proteins, we performed an extensive mutational analysis of the folding kinetics to characterize interactions between residues 3, 46, and 66 in the transition state of folding. We employed a pressure-jump apparatus which allows folding to be followed over a broad range of temperatures and urea concentrations in the time range of microseconds to minutes. The N-terminal region folds early, and the interactions that originate from residue 3 are present to a large extent in the transition state already. They include a hydrophobic contribution, a general electrostatic stabilization by the positive charge of Arg3 in Bc-Csp, and a pairwise Coulombic repulsion with Glu46 in the Arg3Glu variant. The C-terminus appears to be largely unfolded in the transition state. The interactions of Leu66, including those with the already structured N-terminal region, are established only after passage through the transition state. The N- and C-termini of the cold shock proteins thus contribute differently to the folding kinetics, although they are very close in space in the folded protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Perl
- Laboratorium für Biochemie und Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Delbrück H, Mueller U, Perl D, Schmid FX, Heinemann U. Crystal structures of mutant forms of the Bacillus caldolyticus cold shock protein differing in thermal stability. J Mol Biol 2001; 313:359-69. [PMID: 11800562 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.5051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cold shock proteins Bc-Csp from the thermophile Bacillus caldolyticus and Bs-CspB from the mesophile Bacillus subtilis differ significantly in their conformational stability, although the two proteins differ by only 12 out of 67 amino acid residues. The three-dimensional structure of these small and compact beta-barrel proteins without disulfide bonds, cis-proline residues or tightly bound cofactors is very similar. Previous work has shown that Bc-Csp displays a twofold increase in the free energy of stabilization relative to its homolog Bs-CspB, and indicated that electrostatic interactions are, in part, responsible for this effect. It was further described that the stability difference is almost exclusively due to surface-exposed charged residues at sequence positions 3 and 66 of Bc-Csp and Bs-CspB, whereas all other amino acid changes between both proteins have no net effect on stability. To investigate how two surface residues determine the stability of Bc-Csp, Arg3 and Leu66 were replaced by glutamic acid, corresponding to the Bs-CspB sequence. The crystal structures of the resultant protein variants, Bc-Csp R3E and Bc-Csp L66E, were determined at 1.4 A and 1.27 A resolution, and refined to R values of 13.9 % and 15.8 %, respectively. Both structures closely resemble Bc-Csp in their global fold and show different hydrogen bonding and salt-bridge patterns when two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit of the crystal are compared. To extend the study to neighbored residues that help determine the surface charge around Arg3 and Leu66, the mutant proteins Bc-Csp E46A, Bc-Csp R3E/E46A/L66E and Bc-Csp V64T/L66E/67A were crystallized. Their structures were determined at resolutions of 1.8 A, 1.32 A and 1.8 A and refined to R values of 18.5 %, 13.8 % and 19.3 %, respectively. A systematic comparison of the crystal structures of all forms of the B. caldolyticus cold shock protein shows varying patterns of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions around residues 3 and 66. Thermal destabilization of the protein by mutation appears to correlate with the extent of an acidic surface patch near the C-terminal carboxylate group.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Delbrück
- Forschungsgruppe Kristallographie, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, D-13125, Germany
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27
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Abstract
The cold shock protein Bc-Csp from the thermophile Bacillus caldolyticus differs from its mesophilic homolog Bs-CspB from Bacillus subtilis by 15.8 kJ mol(-1) in the Gibbs free energy of denaturation (DeltaG(D)). The two proteins vary in sequence at 12 positions but only two of them, Arg3 and Leu66 of Bc-Csp, which replace Glu3 and Glu66 of Bs-CspB, are responsible for the additional stability of Bc-Csp. These two positions are near the ends of the protein chain, but close to each other in the three-dimensional structure. The Glu3Arg exchange alone changed the stability by more than 11 kJ mol(-1). Here, we elucidated the molecular origins of the stability difference between the two proteins by a mutational analysis. Electrostatic contributions to stability were characterized by measuring the thermodynamic stabilities of many variants as a function of salt concentration. Double and triple mutant analyses indicate that the stabilization by the Glu3Arg exchange originates from three sources. Improved hydrophobic interactions of the aliphatic moiety of Arg3 contribute about 4 kJ mol(-1). Another 4 kJ mol(-1) is gained from the relief of a pairwise electrostatic repulsion between Glu3 and Glu66, as in the mesophilic protein, and 3 kJ mol(-1) originate from a general electrostatic stabilization by the positive charge of Arg3, which is not caused by a pairwise interaction. Mutations of all potential partners for an ion pair within a radius of 10 A around Arg3 had only marginal effects on stability. The Glu3-->Arg3 charge reversal thus optimizes ionic interactions at the protein surface by both local and global effects. However, it cannot convert the coulombic repulsion with another Glu residue into a corresponding attraction. Avoidance of unfavorable coulombic repulsions is probably a much simpler route to thermostability than the creation of stabilizing surface ion pairs, which can form only at the expense of conformational entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Perl
- Laboratorium für Biochemie und Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, D-95440, Germany
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kaufmann
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuropathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Perl D, Mueller U, Heinemann U, Schmid FX. Two exposed amino acid residues confer thermostability on a cold shock protein. Nat Struct Biol 2000; 7:380-3. [PMID: 10802734 DOI: 10.1038/75151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thermophilic organisms produce proteins of exceptional stability. To understand protein thermostability at the molecular level we studied a pair of cold shock proteins, one of mesophilic and one of thermophilic origin, by systematic mutagenesis. Although the two proteins differ in sequence at 12 positions, two surface-exposed residues are responsible for the increase in stability of the thermophilic protein (by 15.8 kJ mol-1 at 70 degrees C). 11.5 kJ mol-1 originate from a predominantly electrostatic contribution of Arg 3 and 5.2 kJ mol-1 from hydrophobic interactions of Leu 66 at the carboxy terminus. The mesophilic protein could be converted to a highly thermostable form by changing the Glu residues at positions 3 and 66 to Arg and Leu, respectively. The variation of surface residues may thus provide a simple and powerful approach for increasing the thermostability of a protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Perl
- Biochemisches Laboratorium, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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30
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Mueller U, Perl D, Schmid FX, Heinemann U. Thermal stability and atomic-resolution crystal structure of the Bacillus caldolyticus cold shock protein. J Mol Biol 2000; 297:975-88. [PMID: 10736231 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial cold shock proteins are small compact beta-barrel proteins without disulfide bonds, cis-proline residues or tightly bound cofactors. Bc-Csp, the cold shock protein from the thermophile Bacillus caldolyticus shows a twofold increase in the free energy of stabilization relative to its homolog Bs-CspB from the mesophile Bacillus subtilis, although the two proteins differ by only 12 out of 67 amino acid residues. This pair of cold shock proteins thus represents a good system to study the atomic determinants of protein thermostability. Bs-CspB and Bc-Csp both unfold reversibly in cooperative transitions with T(M) values of 49.0 degrees C and 77.3 degrees C, respectively, at pH 7.0. Addition of 0.5 M salt stabilizes Bs-CspB but destabilizes Bc-Csp. To understand these differences at the structural level, the crystal structure of Bc-Csp was determined at 1.17 A resolution and refined to R=12.5% (R(free)=17.9%). The molecular structures of Bc-Csp and Bs-CspB are virtually identical in the central beta-sheet and in the binding region for nucleic acids. Significant differences are found in the distribution of surface charges including a sodium ion binding site present in Bc-Csp, which was not observed in the crystal structure of the Bs-CspB. Electrostatic interactions are overall favorable for Bc-Csp, but unfavorable for Bs-CspB. They provide the major source for the increased thermostability of Bc-Csp. This can be explained based on the atomic-resolution crystal structure of Bc-Csp. It identifies a number of potentially stabilizing ionic interactions including a cation-binding site and reveals significant changes in the electrostatic surface potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Mueller
- Forschungsgruppe Kristallographie, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Robert-Roessle-Str. 10, Berlin, D-13125, Germany
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31
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Abstract
Longitudinal and lateral variations in Al concentration in several large animal (bovine and caprine) long bones (tibia and femur) and several human clavicle bones were examined using a sensitive analytical method based on electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry with Zeeman background correction. Bone segments were carefully removed using special tools free of significant Al contamination, freeze-dried, and digested overnight at room temperature in concentrated HNO3. Bone digestates were analyzed for Al using simple aqueous calibration standards with a Ca(NO3)2 modifier. Mean bone Al concentrations were relatively low (<1 microg/g, dry weight) in bovine and caprine long bones compared to literature values for human bone samples. Longitudinal variations of Al in the animal bones examined appeared relatively uniform compared to the human clavicle bones, where, in three of five cases, Al appeared enriched at the epiphyses (joints). The Al "enrichment" was symmetrical with respect to both left and right clavicle bones. Aluminum concentrations at the mid-shaft of the clavicle bone show less variation compared to whole bone studies, but considerable scatter is evident along the bone length. The mean bone aluminum concentration in the five human subjects varied from 1 to 6 microg/g dry weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tang
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201-0509, USA
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32
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Jacob M, Holtermann G, Perl D, Reinstein J, Schindler T, Geeves MA, Schmid FX. Microsecond folding of the cold shock protein measured by a pressure-jump technique. Biochemistry 1999; 38:2882-91. [PMID: 10074340 DOI: 10.1021/bi982487i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A pressure-jump apparatus was employed in investigating the kinetics of protein unfolding and refolding. In the reaction cell, the pressure can be increased or decreased by 100-160 bar within 50-100 microseconds and then held constant. Thus, unfolding and refolding reactions in the time range from 70 microseconds to 70 s can be followed with this technique. Measurements are possible in the transition regions of thermally or denaturant-induced folding in a wide range of temperatures and solvent conditions. We used this pressure-jump method to determine the temperature dependence of the rate constants of unfolding and refolding of the cold shock protein of Bacillus subtilis and of three variants thereof with Phe --> Ala substitutions in the central beta-sheet region. For all variants, the change in heat capacity occurred in refolding between the unfolded and activated states, suggesting that the overall native-like character of the activated state of folding was not changed by the deletion of individual Phe side chains. The Phe27Ala mutation affected the rate of unfolding only; the Phe15Ala and Phe17Ala mutations changed the kinetics of both unfolding and refolding. Although the activated state of folding of the cold shock protein is overall native-like, individual side chains are still in a non-native environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jacob
- Biochemisches Laboratorium, Universität Bayreuth, Germany
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33
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Schindler T, Graumann PL, Perl D, Ma S, Schmid FX, Marahiel MA. The family of cold shock proteins of Bacillus subtilis. Stability and dynamics in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:3407-13. [PMID: 9920884 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.6.3407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis possesses three homologous small cold shock proteins (CSPs; CspB, CspC, CspD, sequence identity >72%). They share a similar beta-sheet structure, as shown by circular dichroism, and have a very low conformational stability, with CspC being the least stable. Similar to CspB, CspC and CspD unfold and refold extremely fast in a N <==> U two-state reaction with average lifetimes of only 100-150 ms for the native state and 1-6 ms for the unfolded states at 25 degreesC. As a consequence of their low stability and low kinetic protection against unfolding, all three cold shock proteins are rapidly degraded by proteases in vitro. Analysis of the CSP stabilities in vivo by pulse-chase experiments revealed that CspB and CspD are stable during logarithmic growth at 37 degreesC as well as after cold shock. The cellular half-life of CspC is shortened at 37 degreesC, but under cold shock conditions CspC becomes stable. The proteolytic susceptibility of the CSPs in vitro was strongly reduced in the presence of a nucleic acid ligand, suggesting that the observed stabilization of CSPs in vivo is mediated by binding to their substrate mRNA at 37 degreesC and, in particular, under cold shock conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schindler
- Laboratorium für Biochemie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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34
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Fogarty U, Perl D, Good P, Ensley S, Seawright A, Noonan J. A cluster of equine granulomatous enteritis cases: the link with aluminium. Vet Hum Toxicol 1998; 40:297-305. [PMID: 9778770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
A cluster of 6 cases of equine granulomatous enteritis is described. Aluminium was demonstrated in the tissues and lesions of these horses and in the intimal bodies of intestinal vessels. The relationship between granulomatous lesions, aluminium, acidity and invading microorganisms, particularly parasites, is presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Fogarty
- Irish Equine Centre, Johnstown, Naas, Co Kildare, Ireland
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35
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Perl D, Welker C, Schindler T, Schröder K, Marahiel MA, Jaenicke R, Schmid FX. Conservation of rapid two-state folding in mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic cold shock proteins. Nat Struct Biol 1998; 5:229-35. [PMID: 9501917 DOI: 10.1038/nsb0398-229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cold shock protein CspB from Bacillus subtilis is only marginally stable, but it folds extremely fast in a simple N reversible U two-state reaction. The corresponding cold shock proteins from the thermophile Bacillus caldolyticus and the hyperthermophile Thermotoga maritima show strongly increased conformational stabilities, but unchanged very fast two-state refolding kinetics. The absence of intermediates in the folding of B. subtilis CspB is thus not a corollary of its low stability. Rather, two-state folding and an unusually native-like activated state of folding seem to be inherent properties of these small all-beta proteins. There is no link between stability and folding rate, and numerous sequence positions exist which can be varied to modulate the stability without affecting the rate and mechanism of folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Perl
- Laboratorium für Biochemie, Universität Bayreuth, Germany
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36
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Abstract
In the cold-shock protein CspB from Bacillus subtilis three exposed Phe residues (F15, F17, and F27) are essential for its function in binding to single-stranded nucleic acids. Usually, the hydrophobic Phe side chains are buried in folded proteins. We asked here whether the exposition of the essential Phe residues could be a cause for the very low conformational stability of CspB. Urea-induced and heat-induced equilibrium unfolding transitions were measured for three mutants of CspB, where Phe 15, Phe 17, and Phe 27 were individually replaced by alanine. Unexpectedly, all three mutations strongly destabilized CspB. The aromatic side chains of Phe 15, Phe 17, and Phe 27 in the active site are thus important for both binding to nucleic acids and conformational stability. There is no compromise between function and stability in the active site. Model calculations indicate that, although they are partially exposed to solvent, all three Phe residues nevertheless lose accessible surface upon folding, and this should favor the native state. A different result is obtained with the F38A variant. Phe 38 is hyperexposed in native CspB, and its substitution by Ala is in fact stabilizing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schindler
- Laboratorium für Biochemie, Universität Bayreuth, Germany
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37
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Schmidt ML, Lee VM, Saido T, Perl D, Schuck T, Iwatsubo T, Trojanowski JQ. Amyloid plaques in Guam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex contain species of A beta similar to those found in the amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's disease and pathological aging. Acta Neuropathol 1998; 95:117-22. [PMID: 9498044 DOI: 10.1007/s004010050774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC) is characterized by abundant neurofibrillary pathology and neuron loss. In contrast to Alzheimer's disease (AD), where extensive neurofibrillary lesions always occur with deposits of A beta in numerous amyloid plaques, A beta-rich amyloid plaques are absent or rare in most ALS/PDC patients. To characterize the amyloid plaques in the latter patients, we probed plaque-rich sections of their brains by immunohistochemistry using well-characterized antibodies to specific epitopes in the N and C termini of A beta as well as to defined epitopes in hyperphosphorylated tau (PHFtau). The results indicate that the species of A beta in the amyloid plaques of ALS/PDC patients resemble those detected in the amyloid plaques of cognitively intact subjects with pathological aging as well as patients with AD. However, the paucity of PHFtau-positive neurites in the ALS/PDC plaques suggests that they reflect pathological aging rather than AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Schmidt
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-4283, USA
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38
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Powchik P, Friedman J, Haroutunian V, Greenberg D, Altsteil L, Purohit D, Perl D, Davidson M. Apolipoprotein E4 in schizophrenia: a study of one hundred sixteen cases with concomitant neuropathological examination. Biol Psychiatry 1997; 42:296-8. [PMID: 9270908 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Powchik
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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39
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Powchik P, Davidson M, Nemeroff CB, Haroutunian V, Purohit D, Losonczy M, Bissette G, Perl D, Ghanbari H, Miller B. Alzheimer's-disease-related protein in geriatric schizophrenic patients with cognitive impairment. Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150:1726-7. [PMID: 8214183 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.150.11.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The authors compared Alz-50 immunoreactivity in the brain tissue of nine cognitively impaired elderly schizophrenic patients and 13 elderly comparison subjects, both without neuritic plaques or neurofibrillary tangles, and 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease. Alz-50 reactivity was absent in the schizophrenic patients, indicating that geriatric, cognitively impaired patients are unlikely to display the pathology of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Powchik
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York
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40
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Perez N, Sugar J, Charya S, Johnson G, Merril C, Bierer L, Perl D, Haroutunian V, Wallace W. Increased synthesis and accumulation of heat shock 70 proteins in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1991; 11:249-54. [PMID: 1661822 DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(91)90033-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Postmortem cortical tissues from Alzheimer's disease cases were found to contain significantly higher levels of the heat shock proteins hsp 72 and hsp 73 than control cortical tissues. This elevation was associated with the disease pathology in that it was not observed in Alzheimer's disease cerebella and was not correlated with perimortem characteristics such as age or cause of death of the patient or postmortem interval of the brain tissue. Examination of polysome translation products on two dimensional gels and by immunoprecipitation indicated that the syntheses of hsp 72/73 were increased in Alzheimer's disease tissues. In addition, immunoprecipitation of newly synthesized hsp 72 showed that numerous other nascent polypeptides were co-precipitated, which indicates an irreversible cotranslational association with the hsp 72. These results indicate that induction of specific heat shock proteins is associated with Alzheimer's disease and that cotranslational processes are affected by this induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Perez
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
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41
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42
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Parks KM, Sugar JE, Haroutunian V, Bierer L, Perl D, Wallace WC. Reduced in vitro phosphorylation of synapsin I (site 1) in Alzheimer's disease postmortem tissues. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1991; 9:125-34. [PMID: 1850067 DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(91)90137-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Homogenates prepared from the temporal cortex and hippocampus of individuals who had histopathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease exhibited reduced in vitro cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of synapsin I, neuronal phosphoprotein. One specific phosphorylation site (site 1) was affected while two other sites, which are phosphorylated by calcium/calmodulin kinase II, exhibited no such differences. Other phosphoproteins such as pyruvate dehydrogenase, did not show these differences. The reductions were not observed in either cerebellum or thalamus of Alzheimer's disease brain. Analysis by immunoblots indicated that the reductions were not caused by a decrease in absolute amounts of the protein. The reduced AD synapsin I phosphorylation was not overcome by the addition of purified cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. No differences were detected in total cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity between the control and Alzheimer samples. However, dephosphorylation of the synapsin I prior to the in vitro phosphorylation reversed the differences observed between the control and AD homogenates. Thus, the reduced in vitro phosphorylation of the synapsin I in the Alzheimer homogenate reflects a reduced phosphorylatability of the protein due to either an increased phosphate content or some other alteration of the phosphorylation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Parks
- Mack Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
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43
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Anderson JP, Refolo LM, Wallace W, Mehta P, Krishnamurthi M, Gotlib J, Bierer L, Haroutunian V, Perl D, Robakis NK. Differential brain expression of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein. EMBO J 1989; 8:3627-32. [PMID: 2583112 PMCID: PMC402044 DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08536.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor (AAPP) was examined in human, monkey, dog and rat brains. Two proteins, one identified as AAPP695 and the other as AAPP751, were immunoprecipitated from the in vitro translation of human, dog and rat brain polysomes. The AAPP751 to AAPP695 ratio was highest in human, intermediate in dog and lowest in rat brain polysomes. Human cerebral cortex contained higher levels of the AAPP751 mRNA than either dog or rat cortex. AAPP695 was detected in both cerebral cortex and cerebellum of all species examined. In contrast, AAPP751 was detected predominantly in the cortex of human, monkey and to a lesser extent dog brains while it was not detected in rat brain. These findings indicate that the amyloid precursors are differentially expressed in different mammalian brains and suggest that AAPP751 is mainly expressed in the brain regions involved in plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York 10029
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44
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Heller DS, Klein MJ, Gordon RE, Good P, Perl D. Intraosseous beta-2-microglobulin amyloidosis. Detection and measurement of osseous aluminum in a patient who was receiving long-term hemodialysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1989; 71:1083-9. [PMID: 2668294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D S Heller
- Lillian and Henry Stratton--Hans Popper Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City 10029
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45
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Fitzgerald PJ, Herman L, Carol B, Roque A, Marsh WH, Rosenstock L, Richards C, Perl D. Pancreatic acinar cell regeneration. Am J Pathol 1968; 52:983-1011. [PMID: 5646513 PMCID: PMC2013346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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