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Jameel M, Sheikh IS, Kakar N, Yousuf MR, Riaz A, Shehzad W, Khan D, Iqbal M, Tareen AM. Effect of asiatic acid supplementation in tris-extender on post-thaw functional competence, antioxidant enzyme activity and in vivo fertility of bull sperm. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2024; 95:67-73. [PMID: 38533817 DOI: 10.36303/jsava.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species at supra-physiological levels trigger oxidative stress during cryopreservation, which can be neutralised by incorporating suitable antioxidants into the semen extender medium. This study was intended to explore the effect of asiatic acid (AA) as an antioxidant in semen extender on frozen-thawed sperm quality and in vivo fertility of bull sperm. Semen was collected from Holstein Friesian bulls for 10 consecutive weeks (total ejaculates = 60). Semen was cryopreserved with a Tris citric acid egg yolk-based extender supplemented with 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, and 100 μM AA. The supplementation of the extender with 40 and 60 μM AA improved (p < 0.05) post-thaw motility kinematics, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, sperm viability, and DNA integrity of bull sperm. Mitochondrial membrane potential was high (p < 0.05) with 60 μM of AA concentration in extender media. The catalase activity in seminal plasma was maintained (p < 0.05) when semen was added with 20, 40, and 60 μM of AA. The in vivo fertility was found to be significantly high with the semen extended with 60 μM AA. Conclusively, this study showed that AA supplementation in semen extender significantly improved sperm motility kinematics and cell integrity, conserved antioxidant enzyme activity, and improved in vivo fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jameel
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - I S Sheikh
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - N Kakar
- Department of Natural and Basic Sciences, University of Turbat, Pakistan
| | - M R Yousuf
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Riaz
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - W Shehzad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - D Khan
- Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Government of Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal
- Semen Production Unit, Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Government of Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - A M Tareen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Baluchistan, Quetta Pakistan
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2
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Lees-Murdock DJ, Khan D, Irwin R, Graham J, Hinch V, O’Hagan B, McClean S. Assessing the Efficacy of Active Learning to Support Student Performance Across Undergraduate Programmes in Biomedical Science. Br J Biomed Sci 2024; 81:12148. [PMID: 38501148 PMCID: PMC10945544 DOI: 10.3389/bjbs.2024.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Active learning is a useful tool to enhance student engagement and support learning in diverse educational situations. We aimed to assess the efficacy of an active learning approach within a large interprofessional first year Medical Cell Biology module taken by six healthcare programmes across the School of Biomedical Sciences at Ulster University, United Kingdom. Materials and methods: An active learning approach was developed for weekly formative assessment using Smartwork to design a weekly interactive multiple-choice quiz to reinforce key concepts specifically for each lecture. We tracked and assessed student performance in the module overall and in each element of course work and exam for 2 years prior to and following the introduction of an active learning strategy to engage and support learning for students from all academic backgrounds and abilities. Results: Full engagement with active learning was significantly associated with an increased overall module performance as well as a significantly increased performance in each element of class test (No engagement vs. Full engagement, p < 0.001), exam (No Engagement vs. Full engagement, p < 0.05) and coursework (No engagement vs. Full engagement, p < 0.001) within this overall total (No Engagement vs. Full engagement, p < 0.01). Partial engagement with active learning was associated significantly improved class test (No engagement vs. partially engaged, p < 0.001) and coursework (No engagement vs. partially engaged, p < 0.05) performance. While a trend toward increased performance in exam and overall module mark was observed, these were not significant. Discussion: Active learning is a useful tool to support student learning across a range of healthcare programmes taken by students with differing backgrounds and academic abilities in an interprofessional and widening participation setting. Student engagement in active learning was highlighted as a key contributory factor to enhanced student performance in all aspects of assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Lees-Murdock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom
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3
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Rahman M, Zhang K, Wang Y, Ahmad B, Ahmad A, Zhang Z, Khan D, Muhammad D, Ali A. Variations in soil physico-chemical properties, soil stocks, and soil stoichiometry under different soil layers, the major forest region Liupan Mountains of Northwest China. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e256565. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.256565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Liupan Mountains are an important region in China in the context of forest cover and vegetation due to huge afforestation and plantation practices, which brought changes in soil physio-chemical properties, soil stocks, and soil stoichiometries are rarely been understood. The study aims to explore the distribution of soil nutrients at 1-m soil depth in the plantation forest region. The soil samples at five depth increments (0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, and 80-100 cm) were collected and analyzed for different soil physio-chemical characteristics. The results showed a significant variation in soil bulk density (BD), soil porosity, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and electric conductivity (EC) values. More soil BD (1.41 g cm-3) and pH (6.97) were noticed in the deep soil layer (80-100 cm), while the highest values of porosity (60.6%), EC (0.09 mS cm-1), and CEC (32.9 c mol kg-1) were reflected in the uppermost soil layer (0-20 cm). Similarly, the highest contents of soil organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), total nitrogen (TN), and available potassium (AK) were calculated in the surface soil layer (0-20 cm). With increasing soil depth increment a decreasing trend in the SOC and other nutrient concentration were found, whereas the soil total potassium (TK) produced a negative correlation with soil layer depth. The entire results produced the distribution of SOCs and TNs (stocks) at various soil depths in forestland patterns were 0→20cm > 20→40cm > 40→60cm ≥ 60→80cm ≥ 80→100 cm. Furthermore, the stoichiometric ratios of C, N, and P, the C/P, and N/P ratios showed maximum values (66.49 and 5.46) in 0-20 cm and lowest values (23.78 and 1.91) in 80-100 cm soil layer depth. Though the C/N ratio was statistically similar across the whole soil profile (0-100 cm). These results highlighted that the soil depth increments might largely be attributed to fluctuations in soil physio-chemical properties, soil stocks, and soil stoichiometries. Further study is needed to draw more conclusions on nutrient dynamics, soil stocks, and soil stoichiometry in these forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rahman
- Beijing Forestry University, China; Chinese Academy of Forestry, China
| | - K. Zhang
- Beijing Forestry University, China
| | - Y. Wang
- Chinese Academy of Forestry, China
| | - B. Ahmad
- Beijing Forestry University, China; Chinese Academy of Forestry, China; University of Swat, Pakistan
| | - A. Ahmad
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Pakistan
| | - Z. Zhang
- Beijing Forestry University, China; Chinese Academy of Forestry, China
| | - D. Khan
- Beijing Forestry University, China
| | | | - A. Ali
- Karakoram International University, Pakistan
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4
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Khan MA, Wang Y, Muhammad B, Uddin S, Saeed A, Khan D, Ali M, Saeed S, Kui JZ. Morpho-physiological and phytohormonal changes during the induction of adventitious root development stimulated by exogenous IBA application in Magnolia biondii Pamp. BRAZ J BIOL 2024. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.255664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Magnolia biondii Pamp is an important ornamental tree species widely grown and used as a rootstock in the propagation of different Magnolia varieties. In the current studies, anatomical, physiological and endogenous hormones were studied to check the effect of IBA 750 mg/L on the adventitious rooting and to provide theoretical and technical support for the propagation of Magnolia biondii Pamp through stem cuttings. Two thousand stem cuttings were prepared and divided into two groups i.e., IBA treated cuttings and water control. For the evaluation of antioxidant enzyme activities, and endogenous hormones levels, samples were collected on the day of planting and each 5th day and further steps were carried out in the laboratory according to the protocols and proper precautions. For the anatomical observations, samples were collected on the 13th, 15th, and 17th day for IBA treated cuttings while 21st, 23rd, and 25th day for control. Collected samples were preserved in the FAA solution and further observations were carried out in the laboratory. Anatomical observations showed that it took 13 days for the differentiation of root primordia to the appearance of young adventitious roots in IBA treated cuttings, while it took 21 days to develop primordia in the control. Antioxidant enzyme activities involved in ROS were significantly higher in the IBA treated cuttings compared to control. POD showed a peak on the 13th day before the emergence of roots in IBA treated cuttings while it showed a peak on the 21st day in the control. PPO showed a peak on the 21st day in the IBA treated cuttings while it showed a peak on the 29th day in the control. SOD showed a peak on the 17th day in IBA treated cuttings, while it showed a peak on the 25th day in the control. Exogenous application of IBA enhanced the endogenous IAA and GA3 levels compared to CK, while it reduced the levels of ABA continuously at the time of rooting and then increased gradually. Inclusively, our study suggests that IBA 750 mg/L is efficient for the rooting of Magnolia biondii Pamp cuttings, as it enhanced the process of antioxidant enzyme activities, endogenous hormones levels and reduced the time of root formation which is evident from the anatomical observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Wang
- Beijing Forestry University, China
| | | | - S. Uddin
- Beijing Forestry University, China
| | | | - D. Khan
- Beijing Forestry University, China
| | - M. Ali
- Beijing Forestry University, China
| | - S. Saeed
- Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar, Pakistan
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Silk BJ, Scobie HM, Duck WM, Palmer T, Ahmad FB, Binder AM, Cisewski JA, Kroop S, Soetebier K, Park M, Kite-Powell A, Cool A, Connelly E, Dietz S, Kirby AE, Hartnett K, Johnston J, Khan D, Stokley S, Paden CR, Sheppard M, Sutton P, Razzaghi H, Anderson RN, Thornburg N, Meyer S, Womack C, Weakland AP, McMorrow M, Broeker LR, Winn A, Hall AJ, Jackson B, Mahon BE, Ritchey MD. COVID-19 Surveillance After Expiration of the Public Health Emergency Declaration - United States, May 11, 2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023; 72:523-528. [PMID: 37167154 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7219e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
On January 31, 2020, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) declared, under Section 319 of the Public Health Service Act, a U.S. public health emergency because of the emergence of a novel virus, SARS-CoV-2.* After 13 renewals, the public health emergency will expire on May 11, 2023. Authorizations to collect certain public health data will expire on that date as well. Monitoring the impact of COVID-19 and the effectiveness of prevention and control strategies remains a public health priority, and a number of surveillance indicators have been identified to facilitate ongoing monitoring. After expiration of the public health emergency, COVID-19-associated hospital admission levels will be the primary indicator of COVID-19 trends to help guide community and personal decisions related to risk and prevention behaviors; the percentage of COVID-19-associated deaths among all reported deaths, based on provisional death certificate data, will be the primary indicator used to monitor COVID-19 mortality. Emergency department (ED) visits with a COVID-19 diagnosis and the percentage of positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, derived from an established sentinel network, will help detect early changes in trends. National genomic surveillance will continue to be used to estimate SARS-CoV-2 variant proportions; wastewater surveillance and traveler-based genomic surveillance will also continue to be used to monitor SARS-CoV-2 variants. Disease severity and hospitalization-related outcomes are monitored via sentinel surveillance and large health care databases. Monitoring of COVID-19 vaccination coverage, vaccine effectiveness (VE), and vaccine safety will also continue. Integrated strategies for surveillance of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses can further guide prevention efforts. COVID-19-associated hospitalizations and deaths are largely preventable through receipt of updated vaccines and timely administration of therapeutics (1-4).
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6
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Khan D, Park M, Burkholder J, Dumbuya S, Ritchey MD, Yoon P, Galante A, Duva JL, Freeman J, Duck W, Soroka S, Bottichio L, Wellman M, Lerma S, Lyons BC, Dee D, Haile S, Gaughan DM, Langer A, Gundlapalli AV, Suthar AB. Tracking COVID-19 in the United States With Surveillance of Aggregate Cases and Deaths. Public Health Rep 2023:333549231163531. [PMID: 36960828 PMCID: PMC10040484 DOI: 10.1177/00333549231163531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Early during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) leveraged an existing surveillance system infrastructure to monitor COVID-19 cases and deaths in the United States. Given the time needed to report individual-level (also called line-level) COVID-19 case and death data containing detailed information from individual case reports, CDC designed and implemented a new aggregate case surveillance system to inform emergency response decisions more efficiently, with timelier indicators of emerging areas of concern. We describe the processes implemented by CDC to operationalize this novel, multifaceted aggregate surveillance system for collecting COVID-19 case and death data to track the spread and impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus at national, state, and county levels. We also review the processes established to acquire, process, and validate the aggregate number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in the United States at the county and jurisdiction levels during the pandemic. These processes include time-saving tools and strategies implemented to collect and validate authoritative COVID-19 case and death data from jurisdictions, such as web scraping to automate data collection and algorithms to identify and correct data anomalies. This topical review highlights the need to prepare for future emergencies, such as novel disease outbreaks, by having an event-agnostic aggregate surveillance system infrastructure in place to supplement line-level case reporting for near-real-time situational awareness and timely data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diba Khan
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Meeyoung Park
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Sorie Dumbuya
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew D Ritchey
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Paula Yoon
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda Galante
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Joseph L Duva
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Freeman
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - William Duck
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen Soroka
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lyndsay Bottichio
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Wellman
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samuel Lerma
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - B Casey Lyons
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deborah Dee
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- US Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Seghen Haile
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Denise M Gaughan
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam Langer
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adi V Gundlapalli
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amitabh B Suthar
- COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Sridhar A, Khan D, Flatt PR, Irwin N, Moffett RC. PYY (3-36) protects against high fat feeding induced changes of pancreatic islet and intestinal hormone content and morphometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130359. [PMID: 37001706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged high fat feeding negatively impacts pancreatic and intestinal morphology. In this regard, direct effects of PYY(3-36) on intestinal cell and pancreatic islet morphometry are yet to be fully explored in the setting of obesity. METHODS We examined the influence of 21-days twice daily treatment with PYY(3-36) on these parameters in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). RESULTS PYY(3-36) treatment decreased food intake, body weight and circulating glucose in HFD mice. In terms of intestinal morphology, crypt depth was restored to control levels by PYY(3-36), with an additional enlargement of villi length. PYY(3-36) also reversed HFD-induced decreases of ileal PYY, and especially GLP-1, content. HFD increased numbers of PYY and GIP positive ileal cells, with PYY(3-36) fully reversing the effect on PYY cell detection. There were no obvious differences in the overall number of GLP-1 positive ileal cells in all mice, barring PYY(3-36) marginally decreasing GLP-1 villi cell immunoreactivity. Within pancreatic islets, PYY(3-36) significantly decreased alpha-cell area, whilst islet, beta-, PYY- and delta-cell areas remained unchanged. However, PYY(3-36) increased the percentage of beta-cells while also reducing percentage alpha-cell area. This was related to PYY(3-36)-induced reductions of beta-cell proliferation and apoptosis frequencies. Co-localisation of islet PYY with glucagon or somatostatin was elevated by PYY(3-36), with GLP-1/glucagon co-visualisation increased when compared to lean controls. CONCLUSION PYY(3-36) exerts protective effects on pancreatic and intestinal morphology in HFD mice linked to elevated ileal GLP-1 content. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These observations highlight mechanisms linked to the metabolic and weight reducing benefits of PYY(3-36).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sridhar
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK
| | - D Khan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK
| | - P R Flatt
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK
| | - N Irwin
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK.
| | - R C Moffett
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland, UK
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Patel G, Feng J, Chow T, Khan D. PENICILLIN ALLERGY DELABELLING IN A PEDIATRIC PRIMARY CARE SETTING. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Khan D, Park M, Lerma S, Soroka S, Gaughan D, Bottichio L, Bray M, Fukushima M, Bregman B, Wiedeman C, Duck W, Dee D, Gundlapalli A, Suthar AB. Improving efficiency of COVID-19 aggregate case and death surveillance data transmission for jurisdictions: current and future role of application programming interfaces (APIs). J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 29:1807-1809. [PMID: 35666140 PMCID: PMC9214114 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) supplemented traditional COVID-19 case and death reporting with COVID-19 aggregate case and death surveillance (ACS) to track daily cumulative numbers. Later, as public health jurisdictions (PHJs) revised the historical COVID-19 case and death data due to data reconciliation and updates, CDC devised a manual process to update these records in the ACS dataset for improving the accuracy of COVID-19 case and death data. Automatic data transfer via an application programming interface (API), an intermediary that enables software applications to communicate, reduces the time and effort in transferring data from PHJs to CDC. However, APIs must meet specific content requirements for use by CDC. As of March 2022, CDC has integrated APIs from 3 jurisdictions for COVID-19 ACS. Expanded use of APIs may provide efficiencies for COVID-19 and other emergency response planning efforts as evidenced by this proof-of-concept. In this article, we share the utility of APIs in COVID-19 ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diba Khan
- Coronavirus Disease Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Meeyoung Park
- Coronavirus Disease Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Samuel Lerma
- Coronavirus Disease Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephen Soroka
- Coronavirus Disease Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Denise Gaughan
- Coronavirus Disease Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lyndsay Bottichio
- Coronavirus Disease Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Monika Bray
- Coronavirus Disease Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mary Fukushima
- Coronavirus Disease Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brooke Bregman
- California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Caleb Wiedeman
- Tennessee Department of Public Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William Duck
- Coronavirus Disease Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Deborah Dee
- Coronavirus Disease Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Adi Gundlapalli
- Coronavirus Disease Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amitabh B Suthar
- Coronavirus Disease Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Shanker R, Khan D, Hossain R, Islam MT, Locock K, Ghose A, Sahajwalla V, Schandl H, Dhodapkar R. Plastic waste recycling: existing Indian scenario and future opportunities. Int J Environ Sci Technol (Tehran) 2022; 20:5895-5912. [PMID: 35401771 PMCID: PMC8976220 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-022-04079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This review article aims to suggest recycling technological options in India and illustrates plastic recycling clusters and reprocessing infrastructure for plastic waste (PW) recycling in India. The study shows that a majority of states in India are engaged in recycling, road construction, and co-processing in cement kilns while reprocessing capabilities among the reprocessors are highest for polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) polymer materials. This review suggests that there are key opportunities for mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, waste-to-energy approaches, and bio-based polymers as an alternative to deliver impact to India's PW problem. On the other hand, overall, polyurethane, nylon, and polyethylene terephthalate appear most competitive for chemical recycling. Compared to conventional fossil fuel energy sources, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene are the three main polymers with higher calorific values suitable for energy production. Also, multi-sensor-based artificial intelligence and blockchain technology and digitization for PW recycling can prove to be the future for India in the waste flow chain and its management. Overall, for a circular plastic economy in India, there is a necessity for a technology-enabled accountable quality-assured collaborative supply chain of virgin and recycled material. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-022-04079-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Shanker
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020 India
| | - D. Khan
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020 India
| | - R. Hossain
- Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology, SMaRT@UNSW, School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Md. T. Islam
- Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology, SMaRT@UNSW, School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - K. Locock
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - A. Ghose
- Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology, SMaRT@UNSW, School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - V. Sahajwalla
- Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology, SMaRT@UNSW, School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - H. Schandl
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - R. Dhodapkar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440 020 India
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11
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Fentress M, Henwood PC, Maharaj P, Mitha M, Khan D, Jackpersad R, Pitcher R, Redfern A, Lopez Varela E, van der Zalm MM, Wong EB, Palmer M, Grant AD. Thoracic ultrasound for TB diagnosis in adults and children. Public Health Action 2022; 12:3-6. [DOI: 10.5588/pha.21.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic ultrasound is an appealing alternative to chest radiography for the diagnosis of TB. Based on research experience conducting thoracic ultrasound for adults and children in South Africa, three key considerations for potential scale-up were identified. First, thoracic ultrasound
requires a comprehensive training programme for novice users; artificial intelligence may be used to simplify training and interpretation. Second, a robust ultrasound device is needed with good subpleural resolution and a probe suitable for children. Third, comprehensive scanning of the lungs
is time-intensive, and shorter scanning protocols may be more feasible in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fentress
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - P. Maharaj
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - M. Mitha
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - D. Khan
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - R. Pitcher
- Division of Radiodiagnosis, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - A. Redfern
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - E. Lopez Varela
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of
Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - M. M. van der Zalm
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - E. B. Wong
- Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M. Palmer
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - A. D. Grant
- TB Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Africa Health Research Institute, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, School
of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Hassam UA, Gulzar A, Rasool B, Zafar S, Younis T, Shakeel M, Khan D, Ullah S, Khaliq S, Ahmad SF, Hafeez M. Efficacy of Citrullus colocynthis seed extract on Earias vittella, Fabricius, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): environment sustainable approach. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 84:e254479. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.254479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Earias vittellaFabricius, 1794 (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) is deliberated to be one of the most destructive pests of cotton and okra vegetation in the world including Asia. The pest has established resistance to various synthetic insecticides. The use of bio-pesticide is one of the unconventional approaches to develop a vigorous ecosystem without harming non- target pests and beneficial natural insect fauna. In the present study, the toxicity levels of Citrullus colocynthis seed extract have been evaluated against the populations of E. vittellaunder standardized laboratory conditions. The toxic effects of C. colocynthis on development periods, protein contents and esterase activity of the life stages of E. vittella were also evaluated. The toxicity levels of methanol, ethanol, hexane, water and profenofos were evaluated on the 1st instar larvae of E. vittella. LC30 and LC80 concentrations exhibited the effectiveness of methanol-based C. colocynthis seed extract against 1st instar larvae of E. vitella. The enhanced larval and pupal periods were revealed in treated samples during the comparison with untreated samples. The intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate in the LC30 and LC80 concentrations exposed larvae remained less than the control treatment. Fecundity, the esterase activity and protein contents were declined in LC30 and LC80 treated samples as compared to the control. The present findings suggest that C. colosynthis extracts based botanical insecticides are beneficial, ecosystem sustainable and can be integrated with insect management programs from environment safety perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. A. Hassam
- Pir-Meher Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan
| | - A. Gulzar
- Pir-Meher Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan
| | - B. Rasool
- Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S. Zafar
- University of Education, Pakistan
| | - T. Younis
- Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Shakeel
- Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Pakistan
| | - D. Khan
- Pir-Meher Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan
| | - S. Ullah
- Pir-Meher Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan
| | - S. Khaliq
- Pir-Meher Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan
| | - S. F. Ahmad
- Pir-Meher Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan
| | - M. Hafeez
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
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13
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Patel N, Khan D. M008 MANAGEMENT OF IOHEXOL-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS WITH ALTERNATIVE CONTRAST AGENTS. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Hassan M, Shafique F, Bhutta H, Haq K, Almansouri T, Asim N, Khan D, Butt S, Ali N, Akbar N. A comparative study to evaluate the effects of antibiotics, plant extracts and fluoride-based toothpaste on the oral pathogens isolated from patients with gum diseases in Pakistan. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e242703. [PMID: 34320048 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.242703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases caused by various microorganisms are common around the world. Scientific research has now been focusing on novel medicines to overcome bacterial resistance and antibiotics side effects; therefore, the current study was designed to assess the efficacy of certain antibiotics, toothpaste, and medicinal plant extracts (Ajuga bracteosa and Curcuma longa) versus the bacterial pathogens isolated from the human oral cavity. A total of 130 samples were collected from Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan, among those 27 species isolated, and eight bacterial species were identified from the samples. Among all the bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus (29.62%) and Proteus mirabilis (22.2%) were found to be more prevalent oral pathogens. In comparison, the least pervasive microbes were Proteus vulgaris, Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila. The study also suggested that dental problems were more prevalent in males (41-50 years of age) than females. Among the eight antibiotics used in the study, the most promising results were shown by Foxicillin against A. hydrophila. The survey of TP1 revealed that it showed more potent antagonist activity against Proteus vulgaris as compared TP2 and TP3 that might be due to the high content of fluoride. The Curcuma longa showed more significant activity than Ajuga bracteosa (Stem, leaves and root) extracts. The data obtained through this study revealed that antibiotics were more effective for oral bacterial pathogens than toothpaste and plant extracts which showed moderate and low activity, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that the active compounds in individual medicinal plants like Curcuma longa and Ajuga bracteosa could replace the antibiotics when used in daily routine as tooth cleansers or mouth rinses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hassan
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Department of Microbiology, Peshawar, Pakistan.,University of Sheffield, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Sheffield, UK
| | - F Shafique
- University of Sheffield, Department of Biomedical Science, Sheffield, UK
| | - H Bhutta
- Ajman University, Department of Dentistry, Ajman, UAE
| | - K Haq
- NCS University System, Department of Health Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - T Almansouri
- University of Sheffield, Department of Neuroscience - SITraN, Sheffield, UK.,King Abdul Aziz University, Department of Applied Medical Science (Medical Laboratory), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Asim
- University of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Division of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - D Khan
- De'Montmorency College of Dentistry Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Butt
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Department of Microbiology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - N Ali
- Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - N Akbar
- Hazara University Mansehra, Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering , Hazara, Pakistan
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15
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Abstract
Motivated by the prospective uses of plastically compressible materials such as, metallic and polymeric foams, transformation toughened ceramics, toughened structural polymers etc., the present authors investigate the crack-tip radius effect on fatigue crack growth (FCG) of a mode I crack and near-tip stress-strain fields in such plastically compressible solids. These plastically compressible materials have been characterised by elastic-viscoplastic constitutive equations. Simulations are conducted for plane strain geometry with two different hardness functions: one is bilinear hardening and the other one is hardening-softening-hardening. It has been observed that plastic compressibility as well as strain softening lead to significant deviation in the amount of crack growth. It has further been revealed that the nature of FCG is appreciably affected by initial crack-tip radius. Even though it may look from outside that the increase in tip radius will lead to decrease in FCG, but the nature of FCG variation with respect to tip radius is found to be a combined effect of tip radius, plastic compressibility and work or strain softening etc.
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16
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Patel N, Khan D. M018 MULTIPLE INTUBATIONS FOR "ANAPHYLAXIS": ANOTHER PRESENTATION FOR INDUCIBLE LARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.08.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Nicolaides R, Khan D. M403 CHRONIC URTICARIA AFTER DISCONTINUATION OF OMALIZUMAB FOR ASTHMA REQUIRING TREATMENT WITH DUAL BIOLOGIC THERAPY. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Blackwell W, Khan D. NASAL POLYPS SAVE THE DAY. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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20
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the geographic patterns of suicide can help inform targeted prevention efforts. Although state-level variation in age-adjusted suicide rates has been well documented, trends at the county-level have been largely unexplored. This study uses small area estimation to produce stable county-level estimates of suicide rates to examine geographic, temporal, and urban-rural patterns in suicide from 2005 to 2015. METHODS Using National Vital Statistics Underlying Cause of Death Files (2005-2015), hierarchical Bayesian models were used to estimate suicide rates for 3,140 counties. Model-based suicide rate estimates were mapped to explore geographic and temporal patterns and examine urban-rural differences. Analyses were conducted in 2016-2017. RESULTS Posterior predicted mean county-level suicide rates increased by >10% from 2005 to 2015 for 99% of counties in the U.S., with 87% of counties showing increases of >20%. Counties with the highest model-based suicide rates were consistently located across the western and northwestern U.S., with the exception of southern California and parts of Washington. Compared with more urban counties, more rural counties had the highest estimated suicide rates from 2005 to 2015, and also the largest increases over time. CONCLUSIONS Mapping county-level suicide rates provides greater granularity in describing geographic patterns of suicide and contributes to a better understanding of changes in suicide rates over time. Findings may inform more targeted prevention efforts as well as future research on community-level risk and protective factors related to suicide mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Rossen
- Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland.
| | - Holly Hedegaard
- Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland
| | - Diba Khan
- Division of Research Methodology, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland
| | - Margaret Warner
- Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland
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21
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Khan D, Rossen LM, Hamilton B, Dienes E, He Y, Wei R. Spatiotemporal trends in teen birth rates in the USA, 2003-2012. J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc 2018; 181:35-58. [PMID: 28603397 PMCID: PMC5464734 DOI: 10.1111/rssa.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this analysis was to explore temporal and spatial variation in teen birth rates TBRs across counties in the USA, from 2003 to 2012, by using hierarchical Bayesian models. Prior examination of spatiotemporal variation in TBRs has been limited by the reliance on large-scale geographies such as states, because of the potential instability in TBRs at smaller geographical scales such as counties. We implemented hierarchical Bayesian models with space-time interaction terms and spatially structured and unstructured random effects to produce smoothed county level TBR estimates, allowing for examination of spatiotemporal patterns and trends in TBRs at a smaller geographic scale across the USA. The results may help to highlight US counties where TBRs are higher or lower and to inform efforts to reduce birth rates to adolescents in the USA further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diba Khan
- National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, USA
| | | | | | - Erin Dienes
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver, USA
| | - Yulei He
- National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, USA
| | - Rong Wei
- National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, USA
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22
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Joshi S, Khan D. OR113 Secondary immunodeficiency due to immunosuppressants for allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from vascular clips. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Muraro A, Lemanske RF, Castells M, Torres MJ, Khan D, Simon HU, Bindslev-Jensen C, Burks W, Poulsen LK, Sampson HA, Worm M, Nadeau KC. Precision medicine in allergic disease-food allergy, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis-PRACTALL document of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. Allergy 2017; 72:1006-1021. [PMID: 28122115 DOI: 10.1111/all.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This consensus document summarizes the current knowledge on the potential for precision medicine in food allergy, drug allergy, and anaphylaxis under the auspices of the PRACTALL collaboration platform. PRACTALL is a joint effort of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, which aims to synchronize the European and American approaches to allergy care. Precision medicine is an emerging approach for disease treatment based on disease endotypes, which are phenotypic subclasses associated with specific mechanisms underlying the disease. Although significant progress has been made in defining endotypes for asthma, definitions of endotypes for food and drug allergy or for anaphylaxis lag behind. Progress has been made in discovery of biomarkers to guide a precision medicine approach to treatment of food and drug allergy, but further validation and quantification of these biomarkers are needed to allow their translation into practice in the clinical management of allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Muraro
- Food Allergy Referral Centre Veneto Region; Department of Women and Child Health; Padua General University Hospital; Padua Italy
| | - R. F. Lemanske
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Madison WI USA
| | - M. Castells
- Drug Hypersensitivity and Desensitization Center; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - M. J. Torres
- Allergy Unit; Regional University Hospital of Malaga-IBIMA; UMA; Malaga Spain
| | - D. Khan
- Division of Allergy & Immunology; Department of Internal Medicine; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas TX USA
| | - H.-U. Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - C. Bindslev-Jensen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre; Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA); Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - W. Burks
- Department of Pediatrics; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - L. K. Poulsen
- Allergy Clinic; Copenhagen University Hospital at Gentofte Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - H. A. Sampson
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; New York NY USA
| | - M. Worm
- Klinik für Dermatologie; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - K. C. Nadeau
- Department of Medicine; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
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24
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Khan D, Khan M, Runesson J, Zaben M, Gray WP. GalR3 mediates galanin proliferative effects on postnatal hippocampal precursors. Neuropeptides 2017; 63:14-17. [PMID: 28431685 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Galanin, a neuropeptide co-released from noradrenergic and serotonergic projection neurons to the dentate gyrus, has recently emerged as an important mediator for signaling neuronal activity to the subgranular neurogenic stem cell niche supporting adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Galanin and its receptors appear to play key roles in depression-like behavior, and effects on hippocampal neurogenesis are relevant to pharmacological strategies for treating depression, which in part appear to rely on restoring altered neurogenesis. We previously demonstrated that the GalR2/3 receptor agonist Gal 2-11 is proliferative and proneurogenic for postnatal hippocampal progenitor cells; however, the specific receptor mediation remained to be identified. With the recent availability of M1145 (a specific GalR2 agonist), and SNAP 37889 (GalR3 specific antagonist), we extend our previous studies and show that while M1145 has no proliferative effect, the co-treatment of postnatal rat hippocampal progenitors with Gal 2-11 and SNAP 37889 completely abolished the Gal 2-11 proliferative effects. Taken together, these results clearly demonstrate that GalR3 and not GalR2 is the specific receptor subtype that mediates the proliferative effects of galanin on hippocampal progenitor cells. These results implicate GALR3 in the mediation of galanin neurogenic effects and, potentially, its neurogenic anti-depressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Khan
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute NMHRI, Room 3.33, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Khan
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute NMHRI, Room 3.33, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Runesson
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute NMHRI, Room 3.33, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Zaben
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute NMHRI, Room 3.33, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom
| | - W P Gray
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Institute NMHRI, Room 3.33, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, United Kingdom.
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25
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Khan D, Rossen LM, Hamilton BE, He Y, Wei R, Dienes E. Hot spots, cluster detection and spatial outlier analysis of teen birth rates in the U.S., 2003-2012. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2017; 21:67-75. [PMID: 28552189 PMCID: PMC5618106 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Teen birth rates have evidenced a significant decline in the United States over the past few decades. Most of the states in the US have mirrored this national decline, though some reports have illustrated substantial variation in the magnitude of these decreases across the U.S. Importantly, geographic variation at the county level has largely not been explored. We used National Vital Statistics Births data and Hierarchical Bayesian space-time interaction models to produce smoothed estimates of teen birth rates at the county level from 2003-2012. Results indicate that teen birth rates show evidence of clustering, where hot and cold spots occur, and identify spatial outliers. Findings from this analysis may help inform efforts targeting the prevention efforts by illustrating how geographic patterns of teen birth rates have changed over the past decade and where clusters of high or low teen birth rates are evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diba Khan
- Division of Research and Methodology/CDC/NCHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA.
| | - Lauren M Rossen
- Division of Vital Statistics/CDC/NCHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA
| | - Brady E Hamilton
- Division of Vital Statistics/CDC/NCHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA
| | - Yulei He
- Division of Research and Methodology/CDC/NCHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA
| | - Rong Wei
- Division of Research and Methodology/CDC/NCHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA
| | - Erin Dienes
- RADARS SYSTEM/Rocky Mountain Poison & Drug Center (RMPDC)/A Division of Denver Health, 990 Bannock Street M/C 0180 | Denver, CO 80204, USA
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26
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Samadder SR, Prabhakar R, Khan D, Kishan D, Chauhan MS. Analysis of the contaminants released from municipal solid waste landfill site: A case study. Sci Total Environ 2017; 580:593-601. [PMID: 27964987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Release and transport of leachate from municipal solid waste landfills pose a potential hazard to both surrounding ecosystems and human populations. In the present study, soil, groundwater, and surface water samples were collected from the periphery of a municipal solid waste landfill (located at Ranital of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India) for laboratory analysis to understand the release of contaminants. The landfill does not receive any solid wastes for dumping now as the same is under a landfill closure plan. Groundwater and soil samples were collected from the bore holes of 15m deep drilled along the periphery of the landfill and the surface water samples were collected from the existing surface water courses near the landfill. The landfill had neither any bottom liner nor any leachate collection and treatment system. Thus the leachate generated from the landfills finds paths into the groundwater and surrounding surface water courses. Concentrations of various physico-chemical parameters including some toxic metals (in collected groundwater, soil, and surface water samples) and microbiological parameters (in surface water samples) were determined. The analyzed data were integrated into ArcGIS environment and the spatial distribution of the metals and other physic- chemical parameter across the landfill was extrapolated to observe the distribution. The statistical analysis and spatial variations indicated the leaching of metals from the landfill to the groundwater aquifer system. The study will help the readers and the municipal engineers to understand the release of contaminants from landfills for better management of municipal solid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Samadder
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India.
| | - R Prabhakar
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - D Khan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - D Kishan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462003, India
| | - M S Chauhan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462003, India
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27
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Chen J, Tarver S, Alvarez K, Khan D. P026 Effects of proactive penicillin allergy testing on inpatient antibiotic utilization. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2016.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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28
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Khan D, Samadder SR. Allocation of solid waste collection bins and route optimisation using geographical information system: A case study of Dhanbad City, India. Waste Manag Res 2016; 34:666-676. [PMID: 27207771 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x16649679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Collection of municipal solid waste is one of the most important elements of municipal waste management and requires maximum fund allocated for waste management. The cost of collection and transportation can be reduced in comparison with the present scenario if the solid waste collection bins are located at suitable places so that the collection routes become minimum. This study presents a suitable solid waste collection bin allocation method at appropriate places with uniform distance and easily accessible location so that the collection vehicle routes become minimum for the city Dhanbad, India. The network analyst tool set available in ArcGIS was used to find the optimised route for solid waste collection considering all the required parameters for solid waste collection efficiently. These parameters include the positions of solid waste collection bins, the road network, the population density, waste collection schedules, truck capacities and their characteristics. The present study also demonstrates the significant cost reductions that can be obtained compared with the current practices in the study area. The vehicle routing problem solver tool of ArcGIS was used to identify the cost-effective scenario for waste collection, to estimate its running costs and to simulate its application considering both travel time and travel distance simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Khan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India
| | - S R Samadder
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India
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29
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He Y, Shimizu I, Schappert S, Xu J, Beresovsky V, Khan D, Valverde R, Schenker N. A Note on the Effect of Data Clustering on the Multiple-Imputation Variance Estimator: A Theoretical Addendum to , JOS. J Off Stat 2016; 32:147-164. [PMID: 30948863 PMCID: PMC6444354 DOI: 10.1515/jos-2016-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiple imputation is a popular approach to handling missing data. Although it was originally motivated by survey nonresponse problems, it has been readily applied to other data settings. However, its general behavior still remains unclear when applied to survey data with complex sample designs, including clustering. Recently, Lewis et al. (2014) compared single- and multiple-imputation analyses for certain incomplete variables in the 2008 National Ambulatory Medicare Care Survey, which has a nationally representative, multistage, and clustered sampling design. Their study results suggested that the increase of the variance estimate due to multiple imputation compared with single imputation largely disappears for estimates with large design effects. We complement their empirical research by providing some theoretical reasoning. We consider data sampled from an equally weighted, single-stage cluster design and characterize the process using a balanced, one-way normal random-effects model. Assuming that the missingness is completely at random, we derive analytic expressions for the within- and between-multiple-imputation variance estimators for the mean estimator, and thus conveniently reveal the impact of design effects on these variance estimators. We propose approximations for the fraction of missing information in clustered samples, extending previous results for simple random samples. We discuss some generalizations of this research and its practical implications for data release by statistical agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei He
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, 20782, U.S.A
| | - Iris Shimizu
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, 20782, U.S.A
| | - Susan Schappert
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, 20782, U.S.A
| | - Jianmin Xu
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, 20782, U.S.A
| | - Vladislav Beresovsky
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, 20782, U.S.A
| | - Diba Khan
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, 20782, U.S.A
| | - Roberto Valverde
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, 20782, U.S.A
| | - Nathaniel Schenker
- National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD, 20782, U.S.A
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Khan D, Kumar A, Samadder SR. Impact of socioeconomic status on municipal solid waste generation rate. Waste Manag 2016; 49:15-25. [PMID: 26831564 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The solid waste generation rate was expected to vary in different socioeconomic groups due to many environmental and social factors. This paper reports the assessment of solid waste generation based on different socioeconomic parameters like education, occupation, income of the family, number of family members etc. A questionnaire survey was conducted in the study area to identify the different socioeconomic groups that may affect the solid waste generation rate and composition. The average waste generated in the municipality is 0.41 kg/capita/day in which the maximum waste was found to be generated by lower middle socioeconomic group (LMSEG) with average waste generation of 0.46 kg/capita/day. Waste characterization indicated that there was no much difference in the composition of wastes among different socioeconomic groups except ash residue and plastic. Ash residue is found to increase as we move lower down the socioeconomic groups with maximum (31%) in lower socioeconomic group (LSEG). The study area is a coal based city hence application of coal and wood as fuel for cooking in the lower socioeconomic group is the reason for high amount of ash content. Plastic waste is maximum (15%) in higher socioeconomic group (HSEG) and minimum (1%) in LSEG. Food waste is a major component of generated waste in almost every socioeconomic group with maximum (38%) in case of HSEG and minimum (28%) in LSEG. This study provides new insights on the role of various socioeconomic parameters on generation of household wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Khan
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad-826004, India
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad-826004, India
| | - S R Samadder
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad-826004, India.
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Khan D, Katzoff M, Kedem B. Coherence Structure and Its Application in Mortality Forecasting. Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15598608.2013.816645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
The probability that mortality from certain causes exceeds high thresholds is addressed. An out-of-sample fusion method is presented where an original real data sample is fused or combined with independent computer-generated samples in the estimation of exceedance probabilities assuming a density ratio model. Since the size of the combined sample of real and artificial data is larger than that of the real sample, the fused sample produces short confidence intervals relative to traditional methods. Numerical results show that the method maintains good coverage even for some misspecified cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myron Katzoff
- CDC/National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Wen Zhou
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Diba Khan
- CDC/National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Guanhua Lu
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Kedem
- CDC/National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Khan D, Fernando P, Cicvaric A, Berger A, Pollak A, Monje FJ, Pollak DD. Long-term effects of maternal immune activation on depression-like behavior in the mouse. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e363. [PMID: 24548878 PMCID: PMC3944633 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a debilitating mental disease affecting a large population worldwide, the pathophysiological mechanisms of which remain incompletely understood. Prenatal infection and associated activation of the maternal immune system (MIA) are prominently related to an increased risk for the development of several psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and autism in the offsprings. However, the role of MIA in the etiology of depression and its neurobiological basis are insufficiently investigated. Here we induced MIA in mice by challenge with polyinosinic:polycytidylic phosphate salt-a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA, which enhances maternal levels of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6)-and demonstrate a depression-like behavioral phenotype in adult offsprings. Adult offsprings additionally show deficits in cognition and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) accompanied by disturbed proliferation of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus and compromised neuronal maturation and survival. The behavioral, neurogenic and functional deficiencies observed are associated with reduced hippocampal expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A-VEGFR2. IL-6-STAT3-dependent aberrant VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling is proposed as neurobiological mechanism mediating the effects of MIA on the developing fetal brain and ensuing consequences in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Khan
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Fernando
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Cicvaric
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Berger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Pollak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F J Monje
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D D Pollak
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Rossen LM, Khan D, Warner M. Trends and geographic patterns in drug-poisoning death rates in the U.S., 1999-2009. Am J Prev Med 2013; 45:e19-25. [PMID: 24237925 PMCID: PMC4659504 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug poisoning mortality has increased substantially in the U.S. over the past 3 decades. Previous studies have described state-level variation and urban-rural differences in drug-poisoning deaths, but variation at the county level has largely not been explored in part because crude county-level death rates are often highly unstable. PURPOSE The goal of the study was to use small-area estimation techniques to produce stable county-level estimates of age-adjusted death rates (AADR) associated with drug poisoning for the U.S., 1999-2009, in order to examine geographic and temporal variation. METHODS Population-based observational study using data on 304,087 drug-poisoning deaths in the U.S. from the 1999-2009 National Vital Statistics Multiple Cause of Death Files (analyzed in 2012). Because of the zero-inflated and right-skewed distribution of drug-poisoning death rates, a two-stage modeling procedure was used in which the first stage modeled the probability of observing a death for a given county and year, and the second stage modeled the log-transformed drug-poisoning death rate given that a death occurred. Empirical Bayes estimates of county-level drug-poisoning death rates were mapped to explore temporal and geographic variation. RESULTS Only 3% of counties had drug-poisoning AADRs greater than ten per 100,000 per year in 1999-2000, compared to 54% in 2008-2009. Drug-poisoning AADRs grew by 394% in rural areas compared to 279% for large central metropolitan counties, but the highest drug-poisoning AADRs were observed in central metropolitan areas from 1999 to 2009. CONCLUSIONS There was substantial geographic variation in drug-poisoning mortality across the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Rossen
- Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, Hyattsville, Maryland.
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Rossen LM, Khan D, Warner M. Hot spots in mortality from drug poisoning in the United States, 2007-2009. Health Place 2013; 26:14-20. [PMID: 24333939 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the past several years, the death rate associated with drug poisoning has increased by over 300% in the U.S. Drug poisoning mortality varies widely by state, but geographic variation at the substate level has largely not been explored. National mortality data (2007-2009) and small area estimation methods were used to predict age-adjusted death rates due to drug poisoning at the county level, which were then mapped in order to explore: whether drug poisoning mortality clusters by county, and where hot and cold spots occur (i.e., groups of counties that evidence extremely high or low age-adjusted death rates due to drug poisoning). Results highlight several regions of the U.S. where the burden of drug poisoning mortality is especially high. Findings may help inform efforts to address the growing problem of drug poisoning mortality by indicating where the epidemic is concentrated geographically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Rossen
- Office of Analysis and Epidemiology, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD 20782, United States.
| | - Diba Khan
- Office of Research Methodology, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD 20782, United States
| | - Margaret Warner
- Division of Vital Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, MD 20782, United States
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Panda B, Ishlam R, Khan D. P4.127 Red Ribbon Clubs (RRCs): A Low Cost Community Led Structural Intervention to Reach Out the Youth to Initiate Dialogue on Sex & Sexuality & to Control the Spread STI/HIV and Other Communicable Diseases in Rural Setting. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Weingarten-Gabbay S, Khan D, Liberman N, Yoffe Y, Bialik S, Das S, Oren M, Kimchi A. The translation initiation factor DAP5 promotes IRES-driven translation of p53 mRNA. Oncogene 2013; 33:611-8. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tanner J, Khan D, Ball J, Aplin C, Pickard J, Bankart J. The rate, risk factors and cost of surgical site infections in primary breast surgery. J Infect Prev 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1757177411411123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although breast surgery involving clean wounds is expected to be associated with a low risk of surgi-cal site infection (SSI) and minimal associated costs, estimates of infection could be affected by intensity of case finding and choice of follow-up methods. A broad range of post-discharge follow-up methods is more likely to estimate true SSI rates and costs. This prospective systematic study used 30 day surveillance with active data collection methods to identify the rate and cost of surgical site infection in patients having primary breast surgery. Ten per cent of patients (16/159) had a surgical site infection. The additional average cost of treating each infected patient was £1443. Hierarchical sequential regression identified high body mass index, operations lasting more than two hours and smoking as significant independent risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Tanner
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Charles Frears Campus, 266 London Road, Leicester, LE2 1RQ, UK, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - D. Khan
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Charles Frears Campus, 266 London Road, Leicester, LE2 1RQ, UK
| | - J. Ball
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - C. Aplin
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - J. Pickard
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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Khan D, Smart NJ, Daniels IR. Minimal anatomical disruption in stoma formation: the lateral rectus abdominis positional stoma (LRAPS) - response to Stephenson et al. Colorectal Dis 2011; 13:229-30. [PMID: 21114749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2010.02525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Smart NJ, Velineni R, Khan D, Daniels IR. Parastomal hernia repair outcomes in relation to stoma site with diisocyanate cross-linked acellular porcine dermal collagen mesh. Hernia 2011; 15:433-7. [PMID: 21279662 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-011-0791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biologic meshes are increasingly used in parastomal hernia repair. This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of diisocyanate cross-linked acellular porcine dermal collagen mesh for parastomal hernia repair, with particular reference to the relationship of the stoma site to the rectus sheath. METHODS Hernias were repaired via a lateral approach, with onlay placement of the biologic mesh. A retrospective case note review and analysis of clinical outcomes was performed. The relationship of the stoma to the rectus sheath was determined by abdominal computed tomography (CT) and intraoperative findings. RESULTS Over a 16-month period, 27 consecutive patients, median age 72 years, underwent parastomal hernia repair utilising onlay biologic mesh to reinforce the external oblique aponeurosis. There were 20 paracolostomy and seven paraileostomy hernias. Eleven stomas passed through the rectus sheath and 16 were lateral to it. Recurrences occurred in 3 of 11 stomas within and 12 of 16 stomas lateral to the rectus sheath (P = 0.022). The median time to recurrence was 10.1 months. The median follow up of patients without recurrence was 16.6 months (range 0.2-39.3). There was one perioperative death. One patient developed a superficial post-operative abscess that was managed conservatively, but there were no complications related to the biologic mesh and no mesh required removal. CONCLUSIONS For parastomal hernias within the rectus sheath, diisocyanate cross-linked porcine dermal collagen mesh onlay repair gives good results and is safe to use. Repair of a parastomal hernia where the stoma is lateral to the rectus sheath has a significantly higher risk of recurrence and is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Smart
- Exeter Colorectal Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon, EX2 5DW, UK
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Smart NJ, Khan D, Daniels IR. Letter. Re: Orenstein et al. (2010) Activation of human mononuclear cells by porcine biologic meshes in vitro. Hernia 14(4):401-407. Hernia 2010; 15:105-6. [PMID: 20953651 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-010-0741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Boos S, Khan D. Use of Tacrolimus in the Management of Refractory Chronic Urticaria. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schull D, Reddy S, Khan D. The Allergic Rhinitis Questionnaire (ARQ): A Valid and Reliable Measure of Symptom Severity (SS) in Allergic Rhinitis (AR). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kavosh E, Gruchalla R, Khan D. Retrospective Analysis of Outcomes and Safety of Drug Challenges. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Elahi M, Shabbir S, Khan D, Khan F, Matata B. Serum Gamma Glutamyl Transferase: A Novel Biomarker for Screening of Premature Coronary Artery Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Khan D, Wijesurendra RS, Orchard M, Evans P, Smith RW. Picture quiz: all in the head? Behcet disease. Acute Med 2010; 9:97-101. [PMID: 21597583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Khan
- Department of Medicine,Milton Keynes General Hospital, Milton Keynes, UK. Daliakhan@doctors .net.uk
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Streeter, Jr O, Benitez P, Vicini F, Mehta V, Quiet C, Kuske, Jr R, Hayes M, Arthur D, Kuerer H, Strom E, Freedman G, Keisch M, DiPetrillo T, Khan D, Hudes R, Groshen S, Silverstein M. 3-Year Follow-Up of the Partial Breast Irradiation Trial for DCIS Using the MammoSite® Brachytherapy Balloon Catheter. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: To report the 3-year median follow-up of a prospective Phase II partial breast irradiation (PBI) trial utilizing the MammoSite® interstitial balloon as the sole radiation therapy treatment after lumpectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-three patients were enrolled from May 2003 through January 2006 to reach the 100-patient partial breast irradiation (PBI) target goal of 34 Gy in 10 fractions, 1 cm peripheral to the MammoSite® balloon surface, b.i.d. with Iridium192 HDR brachytherapy. The eligibility criteria were age 45, unicentric pure DCIS, mammographic size ≤3cm, negative margin of ≥1 mm, gross pathology size ≤5 cm, clinically node negative, post-lumpectomy mammogram absent of residual microcalcificaion. A USC/VNPI score was then calculated based on age, tumor size, margin width, and nuclear grade [ref: Silverstein MJ, Am J Surg 2003;186(4):337-343]. Placement of the balloon was performed at the time of lumpectomy or post-lumpectomy with a required minimum distance of the balloon surface to skin (skin bridge) of 5 mm. Data was collected at enrollment, at implant, 3 and 6-months, then yearly for local control, cosmesis (Harvard Scale), toxicity, adverse events, disease-free survival, cause-specific survival, and contralateral breast failure. Local recurrence is defined as either invasive or non-invasive within the target volume. Ipsilateral elsewhere recurrence (IER) is defined as invasive or non-invasive outside of the target volume.Results: Of the 133 patients enrolled, thirty-three were not treated for the following reasons: less than 5 mm skin bridge (n=13), poor cavity conformance (n=10), positive margin (n=3), microinvasion (n=3), MD decision (n=2), patient request (1), and other (1). The nuclear grade distribution of the tumors were: NG1(17%), NG2(44%), and NG3(39%). The mean age was 60.8 years. The mean tumor size was 10.6 mm; mean closest surgical margin was 6.8 mm (R=0.1-40mm); post-lumpectomy placement in 72%; mean skin bridge distance was 13 mm with 89% ≥7mm. No patients have been lost to follow-up, and at a median 3-year follow-up, the cosmetic results have been rated as excellent/good in 94 and fair in 6 patients. There have been only four recurrences, all non-invasive with the following histological patterns listed in the table below. One was an IER.Recurrence DetailsCase No.Months Since PlacementInvasiveUSC/VNPI ScoreOriginal Tumor GradeComedo Necrosis18No93Yes211No83No317No62Yes432No52Yes No serious adverse events were reported with an infection rate of 9% (7 breast infections; 2 cellulitis).Conclusion: This is the longest reported prospective Phase II study using a PBI technique for pure DCIS patients, and continues to demonstrate the efficacy of the MammoSite® balloon for treating pure DCIS breast tumors, with no new recurrences since our last report at SABCS 2007. All the recurrences were noninvasive, and had at least one or more risk factors of a high USC/VNPI score, high nuclear tumor grade, or had a comedo necrosis pattern. There have been no recurrences in nuclear grade 1 or 2 patients in the absence of a comedo necrosis pattern. The cosmesis also continues to be excellent or good long-term in 96% patients.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 952.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - C. Quiet
- 5Arizona Breast Cancer Specialist, AZ,
| | | | - M. Hayes
- 6NY Hospital Cornell Medical Center, NY,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D. Khan
- 13Cancer Care Consultants, CA,
| | | | - S. Groshen
- 15USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, CA,
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Parikh P, Olsen J, Smith R, Noel C, Khan D, Tropper S, Mantz C. Do Interventions for Prostate Cancer Intrafraction Motion Make a Difference? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Khan A, Khan D, Gill K. P1033 Negative cervical cone biopsies: why and how to reduce it? Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)62519-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Khan D, Gilmer JF, Carolan CG, Gaynor JM, Ryder SA. Pharmacological effects of a novel isosorbide-based butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 175:231-4. [PMID: 18606399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Isosorbide-2-benzylcarbamate-5-benzoate, a novel butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor, shows interspecies variation in its inhibitory activity (IC(50) of 4.3 nM for human plasma butyrylcholinesterase, but 1.09 microM for mouse plasma butyrylcholinesterase). Stability studies revealed that this drug is resistant to hydrolysis by human plasma (no degradation in 1 h). However, it was found to undergo rapid degradation when incubated with mouse plasma or mouse liver homogenate, yielding benzyl carbamate and benzoic acid. The addition of the carboxylesterase inhibitor bis-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP) inhibited the degradation of the novel drug, indicating that it may be a substrate for both butyrylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase. The absence of carboxylesterase from human plasma explains the drug's stability in this medium. In vivo, pharmacodynamic studies on single doses of 1 mg/kg to naïve male C57BL/6 mice revealed maximal plasma butyrylcholinesterase inhibition 20 min after intraperitoneal administration (approximately 60% inhibition) and 1 h after administration by gavage (approximately 45% inhibition). While this plasma butyrylcholinesterase inhibition was short-lived, the drug also penetrated the blood-brain barrier resulting in a slight (10-15%) but persistent (> or =72 h) reduction in brain butyrylcholinesterase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Khan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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