1
|
Abstract
The Asia-Pacific region is renowned to harbor nearly half of the global hot spots of biodiversity. Accordingly, many endemic species of boletes have already been recorded from this geographic region. However, the majority of the specific descriptions of reported boletoid species follow classical concepts of taxonomy, and by comparison only a few taxa have been corroborated by modern molecular techniques. In this study, we focused on specimens in a new clade uncovered by our previous studies. By careful reexamination of macroscopic and microscopic characters of Boletus granulopunctatus, originally described from Japan, and Xerocomus mcrobbii, originally described from New Zealand, we discovered a new genus and species Amoenoboletus miraculosus from Sabah, Malaysia. In addition, three new combinations in Amoenoboletus are proposed, and a dichotomous key to species in the genus is provided. The phylogenetically close relationship among Amoenoboletus species suggests a tight geographic correlation in the Asia-Pacific region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Mei-Xiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Egon Horak
- Schlossfeld 17, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Zhu L Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu JW, Ge ZW, Horak E, Vizzini A, Halling RE, Pan CL, Yang ZL. Squamanitaceae and three new species of Squamanita parasitic on Amanita basidiomes. IMA Fungus 2021; 12:4. [PMID: 33658081 PMCID: PMC7927255 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-021-00057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The systematic position of the enigmatically mycoparasitic genus Squamanita (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) together with Cystoderma, Phaeolepiota, Floccularia, and Leucopholiota is largely unknown. Recently they were recognized as Squamanitaceae, but previous studies used few DNA markers from a restricted sample of taxa from the family and lacked a formal taxonomic treatment. In this study, with newly generated sequences of the type of the genus Squamanita, S. schreieri, and several additional species of the family, the phylogeny is reinvestigated with a concatenated (18S-5.8S-nrLSU-RPB2-TEF1-α) dataset. This study reveals that Cystoderma, Phaeolepiota, Squamanita, Floccularia, and Leucopholiota are a monophyletic clade with strong statistical support in Bayesian analysis and form Squamanitaceae. Phaeolepiota nested within Cystoderma; Squamanita, Leucopholiota, and Floccularia clustered together as two monophyletic subclades; and Squamanita was present as a monophyletic clade with strong statistical support in both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The family name Squamanitaceae is formally emended and a detailed taxonomic treatment is presented to accommodate the five genera. Meanwhile, another concatenated (18S-ITS-nrLSU-RPB2-TEF1-α) dataset is used to investigate phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation in Squamanita. Our data indicates that “S. umbonata” from the Northern hemisphere forms two species complexes, one complex includes six specimens from North America, Europe, and East Asia, the other includes two specimens from Central America and North America respectively. Futhermore, species of Squamanita can parasitize species of Amanita, besides other fungal species. Squamanita mira parasitizes A. kitamagotake (A. sect. Caesareae), while S. orientalis and S. sororcula are parasites of species belonging to the A. sepiacea complex (A. sect. Validae). “Squamanita umbonata” from Italy occurs on A. excelsa (A. sect. Validae). Three new species of Squamanita from East Asia, viz. S. mira, S. orientalis and S. sororcula are documented with morphological, multi-gene phylogenetic, and ecological data, along with line drawings and photographs, and compared with similar species. A key for identification of the global Squamanita species is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.,The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201 Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai-Wei Ge
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Egon Horak
- , Schlossfeld 17, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alfredo Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino and Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-SS Turin), C.N.R, Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roy E Halling
- Institute of Systematic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY, 10458-5126, USA
| | - Chun-Lei Pan
- Mudanjiang Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mudanjiang, 157041, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhu L Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eberhardt U, Schütz N, Beker HJ, Lee SS, Horak E. Hebeloma in the Malay Peninsula: Masquerading within Psathyrella. MycoKeys 2021; 77:117-141. [PMID: 33551660 PMCID: PMC7862216 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.77.57394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1994 Corner published five new species within the genus Psathyrella, all having been collected on the Malay Peninsula between 1929 and 1930. Three of these species belong to the genus Hebeloma and with their vinaceous colored lamellae and spore print, when fresh, they belong to H.sect.Porphyrospora. Of these three species, only one, P.flavidifolia, was validly published and thus we herewith recombine it as H.flavidifolium. The other two species, P.splendens and P.verrucispora, are synonyms of H.parvisporum and H.lactariolens, respectively. We also describe a new Malayan species, H.radicans, which also belongs to H.sect.Porphyrospora. These findings confirm the western Pacific Rim as a diversity hotspot for H.sect.Porphyrospora. The records described within this paper, represent the first recognition that the genus Hebeloma, and indeed that members of the ectomycorrhizal Hymenogastraceae, are present on the Malay Peninsula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Eberhardt
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicole Schütz
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Henry J Beker
- Rue Père de Deken 19, B-1040, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham, UK.,Plantentuin Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - Su See Lee
- Forest Health and Conservation Programme, Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute, Kepong, Malaysia
| | - Egon Horak
- Schlossfeld 17, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He XL, Horak E, Wang D, Li TH, Peng WH, Gan BC. Corrigendum: He XL, Horak E, Wang D, Li TH, Peng WH, Gan BC (2019) Descriptions of five new species in Entoloma subgenus Claudopus from China, with molecular phylogeny of Entoloma s.l. MycoKeys 61: 1–26. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.61.46446. MycoKeys 2020; 63:163-172. [PMID: 32189980 PMCID: PMC7062847 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.63.49739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Entoloma subgenus Claudopus is widely distributed, yet the taxonomy and systematics of its species are still poorly documented. In the present study, more than forty collections of Claudopus were gathered in China and subsequently analysed, based on morphological and molecular data. The results revealed first a high level of species diversity of Claudopus in China and second, there is a wide ecological range regarding the substrates and the habitats ranging from temperate, tropical to subalpine locations. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, five novel species from China are proposed, viz. E. conchatum, E. flabellatum, E. gregarium, E. pleurotoides and E. reductum. Molecular phylogeny of Entoloma s.l. was also reconstructed, based on 187 representatives of Entoloma s.l. by employing the combined ITS, LSU, mtSSU and RPB2 sequences. Ten monophyletic clades (Claudopus, Leptonia, Nolanea, Cuboid-spored Inocephalus, “Alboleptonia”, Cyanula, Pouzarella, Rhodopolia, Prunuloides and Rusticoides) were recovered, while 13 taxa could not be placed in any defined clades. The results confirmed that Claudopus in a traditional morphological sense is not monophyletic and the Rusticoides-group, previously considered within Claudopus, formed a separate clade; but section Claudopus and relatives of E. undatum belong to a distinctive monophyletic group. Despite some monophyletic groups in Entoloma s.l. being distinctive in both morphology and molecular phylogeny, they were still treated as subgenera of Entoloma s.l. temporarily, because accepting them as genera will make Entoloma s.l. paraphyletic.
Collapse
|
5
|
He XL, Horak E, Wang D, Li TH, Peng WH, Gan BC. Descriptions of five new species in Entoloma subgenus Claudopus from China, with molecular phylogeny of Entoloma s.l. MycoKeys 2019; 61:1-26. [PMID: 31844415 PMCID: PMC6908510 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.61.46446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
EntolomasubgenusClaudopus is widely distributed, yet the taxonomy and systematics of its species are still poorly documented. In the present study, more than forty collections of Claudopus were gathered in China and subsequently analysed, based on morphological and molecular data. The results revealed first a high level of species diversity of Claudopus in China and second, there is a wide ecological range regarding the substrates and the habitats ranging from temperate, tropical to subalpine locations. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, five novel species from China are proposed, viz. E.conchatum, E.flabellatum, E.gregarium, E.pleurotoides and E.reductum. Molecular phylogeny of Entoloma s.l. was also reconstructed, based on 187 representatives of Entoloma s.l. by employing the combined ITS, LSU, mtSSU and RPB2 sequences. Ten monophyletic clades (Claudopus, Leptonia, Nolanea, Cuboid-spored Inocephalus, “Alboleptonia”, Cyanula, Pouzarella, Rhodopolia, Prunuloides and Rusticoides) were recovered, while 13 taxa could not be placed in any defined clades. The results confirmed that Claudopus in a traditional morphological sense is not monophyletic and the Rusticoides-group, previously considered within Claudopus, formed a separate clade; but section Claudopus and relatives of E.undatum belong to a distinctive monophyletic group. Despite some monophyletic groups in Entoloma s.l. being distinctive in both morphology and molecular phylogeny, they were still treated as subgenera of Entoloma s.l. temporarily, because accepting them as genera will make Entoloma s.l. paraphyletic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan He
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Egon Horak
- Schlossfeld 17, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria N/A Innsbruck Austria
| | - Di Wang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Tai-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangzhou China
| | - Wei-Hong Peng
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Bing-Cheng Gan
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He MQ, Zhao RL, Hyde KD, Begerow D, Kemler M, Yurkov A, McKenzie EHC, Raspé O, Kakishima M, Sánchez-Ramírez S, Vellinga EC, Halling R, Papp V, Zmitrovich IV, Buyck B, Ertz D, Wijayawardene NN, Cui BK, Schoutteten N, Liu XZ, Li TH, Yao YJ, Zhu XY, Liu AQ, Li GJ, Zhang MZ, Ling ZL, Cao B, Antonín V, Boekhout T, da Silva BDB, De Crop E, Decock C, Dima B, Dutta AK, Fell JW, Geml J, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Giachini AJ, Gibertoni TB, Gorjón SP, Haelewaters D, He SH, Hodkinson BP, Horak E, Hoshino T, Justo A, Lim YW, Menolli N, Mešić A, Moncalvo JM, Mueller GM, Nagy LG, Nilsson RH, Noordeloos M, Nuytinck J, Orihara T, Ratchadawan C, Rajchenberg M, Silva-Filho AGS, Sulzbacher MA, Tkalčec Z, Valenzuela R, Verbeken A, Vizzini A, Wartchow F, Wei TZ, Weiß M, Zhao CL, Kirk PM. Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. FUNGAL DIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are 211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Buyck
- Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, Laboratoire de Cryptogamie, 12 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Egon Horak
- Geobotanical Institute ETH, Herbarium Z+ZT, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Philomena Bodensteiner
- Section Mycology, Institute for Systematic Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Menzinger Str. 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Agerer
- Section Mycology, Institute for Systematic Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Menzinger Str. 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis E. Desjardin
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, California 94132, USA
| | - Egon Horak
- Geobotanical Institute ETH, Herbarium, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cripps CL, Eberhardt U, Schütz N, Beker HJ, Vera S Evenson, Horak E. The genus Hebeloma in the Rocky Mountain Alpine Zone. MycoKeys 2019:1-54. [PMID: 30787668 PMCID: PMC6379322 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.46.32823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous taxa of Hebeloma have been reported in association with Salix, Dryas, and Betula in arctic-alpine habitats. However, species are notoriously difficult to delineate because morphological features overlap, and previously there was little reliable molecular data available. Recent progress in ITS-sequencing within the genus, coupled with an extensive database of parametrically described collections, now allows comparisons between species and their distributions. Here we report 16 species of Hebeloma from the Rocky Mountain alpine zone from some of the lowest latitudes (latitude 36°–45°N) and highest elevations (3000–4000 m) for arctic-alpine fungi in the northern hemisphere. Twelve of these species have been reported from arctic-alpine habitats in Europe and Greenland and are now molecularly confirmed from the Middle and Southern Rockies, greatly expanding their distribution. These are: Hebelomaalpinum, H.aurantioumbrinum, H.dunense, H.hiemale, H.marginatulum, H.mesophaeum, H.nigellum, H.oreophilum, H.subconcolor, H.spetsbergense, H.vaccinum, and H.velutipes. Hebelomahygrophilum is known from subalpine habitats in Europe, but was never recorded in arctic-alpine ecology. Three species recorded from the Rockies, but as yet not reported from Europe, are H.alpinicola, H.avellaneum, and H.excedens. The last two have never previously been reported from an arctic-alpine habitat. For all three of these species, the holotypes have been studied morphologically and molecularly, and have been incorporated into the analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy L Cripps
- Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, 119 Plant Biosciences Bldg, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Ursula Eberhardt
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nicole Schütz
- Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Henry J Beker
- Rue Père de Deken 19, B-1040 Bruxelles, Belgium; Royal Holloway College, University of London, Egham, United Kingdom; Plantentuin Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium
| | - Vera S Evenson
- Sam Mitchel Herbarium of Fungi, Denver Botanic Garden, 909 York Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Egon Horak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6th floor, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He XL, Horak E, Wang D, Peng WH, Gan BC. Three new species of EntolomasubgenusPouzarella from China based on morphological and molecular data. MycoKeys 2018:1-18. [PMID: 30588166 PMCID: PMC6302069 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.44.24998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present paper, three additional species of EntolomasubgenusPouzarella viz. E.erectoides, E.griseocarpum and E.rubropilosum are described from China. E.rubropilosum is a typical species in section Pouzarella; E.griseocarpum and E.erectoides are members of sect. Dysthales. The taxa are further confirmed by ITS, RPB2, LSU and mtSSU analyses and phylogenetic relationships with other Entolomasubgen.Pouzarella species are also discussed. ITS sequence analysis showed that the sizes of the entire ITS region and ITS1 are remarkably divergent, while the ITS2 is conserved in length within Entolomasubgen.Pouzarella. Molecular analyses, based on the combined dataset, demonstrated that species diversity of subgen.Pouzarella in China is much higher than previously thought, in the present study twenty phylogenetic species from China are taken into consideration. On the other hand, morphological and molecular analyses suggested that classification of Entolomasubgen.Pouzarella probably has to be fundamentally re-adjusted based on additional data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan He
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Egon Horak
- Schlossfeld 17 A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria Unaffiliated Innsbruck Austria
| | - Di Wang
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Wei-Hong Peng
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
| | - Bing-Cheng Gan
- Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- O. K. Miller
- Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
| | - E. Horak
- Geobotanical Institute, Herbarium, ETH, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- Egon Horak
- Geobotanical Institute, Herbarium, ETHZ, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dennis E. Desjardin
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, California 94132
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Egon Horak
- Herbarium, Geobotanical Institute, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, CH-8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roy E. Halling
- The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458-5126
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Egon Horak
- Herbarium, Geobotanical Institute ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Affiliation(s)
- Egon Horak
- Geobotanisches Institut ETH, Herbarium, Zoltikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dennis E. Desjardin
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, California 94132
| | - Don E. Hemmes
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai'i, Hilo, Hawai'i 96720
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The fungal genus Strobilurus belongs to Physalacriaceae and contains approximately 11 species worldwide. Species of this genus grow and reproduce on cones of various conifers, seed pods or fruits of Magnolia and Liquidambar, and branches and wood of conifers. Previous studies focused mainly on samples from Europe and North America. And no genus-specific phylogenetic analysis has been carried out to date. The monophyly, degree of species diversity and substrate specificity, and overall distribution patterns are addressed here using morphological and molecular evidence. The authors collected samples of Strobilurus from much of its known distribution ranges and carried out morphological observations and multilocus phylogenetic analyses using five molecular markers. The results show that Strobilurus is a monophyletic group but may exclude one species, S. ohshimae. A total of 13 species was identified, with two, S. orientalis and S. pachycystidiatus, described as new from China. Several species were shown to be specific to certain substrates, whereas a few less so. Biogeographic analyses indicated that historical exchanges of species between East Asia, Europe, and North America, later vicariance events, and substrate specificity have contributed jointly to diversification of Strobilurus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Qin
- a Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China.,b Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Egon Horak
- c Schlossfeld 17, AT-6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Flavius Popa
- d Department of Ecosystem Monitoring , Research and Conservation , Black Forest National Park, Kniebisstr. 67, 77740 Bad Peterstal-Griesbach , Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Rexer
- e Systematic Botany and Mycology, FB17, Philipps University Marburg , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Gerhard Kost
- e Systematic Botany and Mycology, FB17, Philipps University Marburg , 35032 Marburg , Germany
| | - Fang Li
- f School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Zhu L Yang
- a Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201 , China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Müller-Rompa SEK, Markevych I, Hose AJ, Loss G, Wouters IM, Genuneit J, Braun-Fahrländer C, Horak E, Boznanski A, Heederik D, von Mutius E, Heinrich J, Ege MJ. An approach to the asthma-protective farm effect by geocoding: Good farms and better farms. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:275-282. [PMID: 29314275 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highly consistent association of growing up on a farm with a reduced asthma risk has so far been attributed to direct farm exposure. In contrast, geographic determinants of the larger environment have never been assessed. In this study, the effects of proximity to farms and environmental variables in relation to the residential address on asthma and atopy were assessed. METHODS Addresses of 2265 children of the Bavarian arm of the GABRIELA study were converted into geocodes. Proximity to the nearest cow farm was calculated, and environmental characteristics were derived from satellite data or terrestrial monitoring. Bacterial diversity in mattress dust samples was assessed in 501 children by sequencing of the 16S rRNA amplicons. Logistic regression models were used to calculate associations between outcomes and exposure variables. RESULTS Asthma and atopy were inversely associated with the presence of a farm within a radius of maximum 100 m. The environmental variables greenness, tree cover, soil sealing, altitude, air pollution differed not only between farm and non-farm children but also between farm children with and without another farm nearby. The latter distinction revealed strong associations with characteristics of traditional farms including a broader diversity of microbial exposure, which mainly contributed to the protective effect on asthma. In non-farm children, the protective effect of a farm nearby was completely explained by consumption of farm milk. CONCLUSIONS Clustering of farms within a neighborhood of 100 m is strongly associated with the protective effect on asthma and may represent a more traditional style of farming with broader microbial exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - I Markevych
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - A J Hose
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Loss
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science & Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - I M Wouters
- Division Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - C Braun-Fahrländer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Horak
- Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - D Heederik
- Division Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E von Mutius
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Asthma and Allergy Prevention, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M J Ege
- Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bandala VM, Montoya L, Horak E. Crepidotus rubrovinosussp. nov. andCrepidotus septicoides,found in the cloud forest of eastern Mexico, with notes onCrepidotus fusisporusvar.longicystis. Mycologia 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2006.11832719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leticia Montoya
- Instituto de Ecología, Biodiversidad y Sistemática, P.O. Box 63, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Egon Horak
- Geobotanical Institute, Herbarium, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Birzele LT, Depner M, Ege MJ, Engel M, Kublik S, Bernau C, Loss GJ, Genuneit J, Horak E, Schloter M, Braun-Fahrländer C, Danielewicz H, Heederik D, von Mutius E, Legatzki A. Environmental and mucosal microbiota and their role in childhood asthma. Allergy 2017; 72:109-119. [PMID: 27503830 DOI: 10.1111/all.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High microbial diversity in the environment has been associated with lower asthma risk, particularly in children exposed to farming. It remains unclear whether this effect operates through an altered microbiome of the mucosal surfaces of the airways. METHODS DNA from mattress dust and nasal samples of 86 school age children was analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragments. Based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs), bacterial diversity and composition were related to farm exposure and asthma status. RESULTS Farm exposure was positively associated with bacterial diversity in mattress dust samples as determined by richness (P = 8.1 × 10-6 ) and Shannon index (P = 1.3 × 10-5 ). Despite considerable agreement of richness between mattress and nasal samples, the association of richness with farming in nasal samples was restricted to a high gradient of farm exposure, that is, exposure to cows and straw vs no exposure at all. In mattress dust, the genera Clostridium, Facklamia, an unclassified genus within the family of Ruminococcaceae, and six OTUs were positively associated with farming. Asthma was inversely associated with richness [aOR = 0.48 (0.22-1.02)] and Shannon index [aOR = 0.41 (0.21-0.83)] in mattress dust and to a lower extent in nasal samples [richness aOR 0.63 = (0.38-1.06), Shannon index aOR = 0.66 (0.39-1.12)]. CONCLUSION The stronger inverse association of asthma with bacterial diversity in mattress dust as compared to nasal samples suggests microbial involvement beyond mere colonization of the upper airways. Whether inhalation of metabolites of environmental bacteria contributes to this phenomenon should be the focus of future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. T. Birzele
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
| | - M. Depner
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
| | - M. J. Ege
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - M. Engel
- Research Unit Scientific Computing; Helmholtz Center Munich; Neuherberg Germany
- Research Unit for Environmental Genomics; Helmholtz Center Munich; Neuherberg Germany
| | - S. Kublik
- Research Unit for Environmental Genomics; Helmholtz Center Munich; Neuherberg Germany
| | - C. Bernau
- Leibniz Supercomputing Center of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities; Garching Germany
| | - G. J. Loss
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Department of Pediatrics; School of Medicine; University of California; San Diego CA USA
| | - J. Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - E. Horak
- Division of Cardiology and Pulmonology; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescents; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck Austria
| | - M. Schloter
- Research Unit for Environmental Genomics; Helmholtz Center Munich; Neuherberg Germany
| | - C. Braun-Fahrländer
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Basel Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - H. Danielewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw Poland
| | - D. Heederik
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; University of Utrecht; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - E. von Mutius
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL); Munich Germany
| | - A. Legatzki
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Harrower E, Bougher N, Winterbottom C, Henkel T, Horak E, Matheny PB. Corrigenda: Harrower E, Bougher NL, Winterbottom C, Henkel TW, Horak E, Matheny PB (2015) New species in Cortinarius section Cortinarius (Agaricales) from the Americas and Australasia. MycoKeys 11: 1–21. doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.11.5409. MycoKeys 2016. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.12.7186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
21
|
Harrower E, Bougher NL, Winterbottom C, Henkel TW, Horak E, Matheny PB. New species in Cortinarius section Cortinarius (Agaricales) from the Americas and Australasia. MycoKeys 2015. [DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.11.5409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
22
|
Gelardi M, Vizzini A, Ercole E, Horak E, Ming Z, Li T. Circumscription and Taxonomic Arrangement of Nigroboletus roseonigrescens Gen. Et Sp. Nov., a New Member of Boletaceae from Tropical South-Eastern China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134295. [PMID: 26263180 PMCID: PMC4532479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nigroboletus is proposed as a novel genus in family Boletaceae, subfamily Boletoideae, to include N. roseonigrescens, a new boletoid species from tropical environment in south-eastern China. Detailed morphological description, color pictures of both fresh basidiomes in habitat and dried material along with photomicrographs and line drawings of the main anatomical features are provided, supported by a comprehensive phylogeny based on multigene molecular analysis (nrITS, nrLSU, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1-α datasets). Taxonomic placement and evolutionary relationships of Nigroboletus are investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gelardi
- Via Angelo Custode 4A, I-00061 Anguillara Sabazia, RM, Italy
| | - Alfredo Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Enrico Ercole
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Egon Horak
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Universität Technikerstrasse 25, 6 Stockwerk, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zhang Ming
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Southern China), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 510070 Guangzhou, China
| | - Tai–Hui Li
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Southern China), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 510070 Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
He XL, Horak E, Li TH, Peng WH, Gan BC. Two New Cuboid-Spored Species ofEntolomas. l. (Agaricales, Entolomataceae) from Southern China. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2015. [DOI: 10.7872/crym/v36.iss2.2015.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Harrower E, Bougher NL, Henkel TW, Horak E, Matheny PB. Long-distance dispersal and speciation of Australasian and American species of Cortinarius sect. Cortinarius. Mycologia 2015; 107:697-709. [PMID: 25911703 DOI: 10.3852/14-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present a multigene phylogeny (partial nuc rDNA and RPB2) of Cortinarius sect. Cortinarius (i.e. the C. violaceus group), which reveals eight species distributed in Europe, Australasia, South America, Central America and North America. Relaxed molecular clock analyses suggested that diversification began during the Miocene, thus rejecting more ancient Gondwanan origin scenarios among the taxa currently occurring in the northern and southern hemispheres. There was strong support for an Australasian origin of the C. violaceus group with initial dispersal to the Neotropics, followed by migration into North America and Europe. A dispersal-extinction cladogenesis model that includes a parameter for founder effects was the most highly supported biogeographic model in the program BioGeoBEARS. A maximum likelihood analysis showed the most recent common ancestor of sect. Cortinarius was an angiosperm ectomycorrhizal associate. Ancestral associations at the plant family level, however, were ambiguous. Of eight recovered species-level lineages, C. violaceus is the only one that associates with Pinaceae and the only species to associate with both Pinaceae and angiosperms. This analysis showed that long-distance dispersal and founder event speciation have been important factors during evolution of the C. violaceus group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Harrower
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 569 Dabney Hall, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| | - Neale L Bougher
- Department of Parks and Wildlife, Science and Conservation Division, Western Australian Herbarium, Bentley Delivery Centre, Kensington, WA 6151, Australia
| | - Terry W Henkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, California 95521
| | - Egon Horak
- Schlossfeld 17, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Brandon Matheny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 569 Dabney Hall, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wallmeier J, Boon M, Mutairi D, Loges NT, Ma L, Chen CT, Olbrich H, Pennekamp P, Menchen T, Dougherty G, Werner C, Jaspers M, Griese M, Horak E, Körner-Rettberg C, Schmitt-Grohé S, Zimmermann T, Hevroni A, Abitbul R, Avital A, Soferman R, Amirav I, Mitchison H, Jorissen M, Alkuraya F, Kintner C, Omran H. Mutations in CCNO and MCIDAS lead to a mucociliary clearance disorder due to reduced generation of multiple motile cilia. Mol Cell Pediatr 2015. [PMCID: PMC4715136 DOI: 10.1186/2194-7791-2-s1-a15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
26
|
Abstract
Abstract
Fruit-bodies of Anthracophyllum species contain acetates of cycloleucomelone, cyclovariegatin and atromentin in high concentrations. The cycloleucomelone derivatives are responsible for the green colour reaction with aqueous alkali both on surface. Cyclovariegatin has been synthesized via pyrandione intermediates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Jägers
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, D-5300 Bonn
| | - Elisabeth Hillen-Maske
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, D-5300 Bonn
| | - Holger Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, D-5300 Bonn
| | - Wolfgang Steglich
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, D-5300 Bonn
| | - Egon Horak
- Geobotanisches Institut, Herbarium, ETH Z, Universitätsstraße 2, CH-8092 Zürich, Schweiz
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Melén E, Granell R, Kogevinas M, Strachan D, Gonzalez JR, Wjst M, Jarvis D, Ege M, Braun-Fahrländer C, Genuneit J, Horak E, Bouzigon E, Demenais F, Kauffmann F, Siroux V, Michel S, von Berg A, Heinzmann A, Kabesch M, Probst-Hensch NM, Curjuric I, Imboden M, Rochat T, Henderson J, Sterne JAC, McArdle WL, Hui J, James AL, William Musk A, Palmer LJ, Becker A, Kozyrskyj AL, Chan-Young M, Park JE, Leung A, Daley D, Freidin MB, Deev IA, Ogorodova LM, Puzyrev VP, Celedón JC, Brehm JM, Cloutier MM, Canino G, Acosta-Pérez E, Soto-Quiros M, Avila L, Bergström A, Magnusson J, Söderhäll C, Kull I, Scholtens S, Marike Boezen H, Koppelman GH, Wijga AH, Marenholz I, Esparza-Gordillo J, Lau S, Lee YA, Standl M, Tiesler CMT, Flexeder C, Heinrich J, Myers RA, Ober C, Nicolae DL, Farrall M, Kumar A, Moffatt MF, Cookson WOCM, Lasky-Su J. Genome-wide association study of body mass index in 23 000 individuals with and without asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:463-74. [PMID: 23517042 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both asthma and obesity are complex disorders that are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Shared genetic factors between asthma and obesity have been proposed to partly explain epidemiological findings of co-morbidity between these conditions. OBJECTIVE To identify genetic variants that are associated with body mass index (BMI) in asthmatic children and adults, and to evaluate if there are differences between the genetics of BMI in asthmatics and healthy individuals. METHODS In total, 19 studies contributed with genome-wide analysis study (GWAS) data from more than 23 000 individuals with predominantly European descent, of whom 8165 are asthmatics. RESULTS We report associations between several DENND1B variants (P = 2.2 × 10(-7) for rs4915551) on chromosome 1q31 and BMI from a meta-analysis of GWAS data using 2691 asthmatic children (screening data). The top DENND1B single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were next evaluated in seven independent replication data sets comprising 2014 asthmatics, and rs4915551 was nominally replicated (P < 0.05) in two of the seven studies and of borderline significance in one (P = 0.059). However, strong evidence of effect heterogeneity was observed and overall, the association between rs4915551 and BMI was not significant in the total replication data set, P = 0.71. Using a random effects model, BMI was overall estimated to increase by 0.30 kg/m(2) (P = 0.01 for combined screening and replication data sets, N = 4705) per additional G allele of this DENND1BSNP. FTO was confirmed as an important gene for adult and childhood BMI regardless of asthma status. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE DENND1B was recently identified as an asthma susceptibility gene in a GWAS on children, and here, we find evidence that DENND1B variants may also be associated with BMI in asthmatic children. However, the association was overall not replicated in the independent data sets and the heterogeneous effect of DENND1B points to complex associations with the studied diseases that deserve further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
MacNeill SJ, Sozanska B, Danielewicz H, Debinska A, Kosmeda A, Boznanski A, Illi S, Depner M, Strunz-Lehner C, Waser M, Büchele G, Horak E, Genuneit J, Heederik D, Braun-Fahrländer C, von Mutius E, Cullinan P. Asthma and allergies: is the farming environment (still) protective in Poland? The GABRIEL Advanced Studies. Allergy 2013; 68:771-9. [PMID: 23621318 DOI: 10.1111/all.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence exists that a farming environment in childhood may provide protection against atopic respiratory disease. In the GABRIEL project based in Poland and Alpine regions of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, we aimed to assess whether a farming environment in childhood is protective against allergic diseases in Poland and whether specific exposures explain any protective effect. METHODS In rural Poland, 23 331 families of schoolchildren completed a questionnaire enquiring into farming practices and allergic diseases (Phase I). A subsample (n = 2586) participated in Phase II involving a more detailed questionnaire on specific farm exposures with objective measures of atopy. RESULTS Farming differed between Poland and the Alpine centres; in the latter, cattle farming was prevalent, whereas in Poland 18% of village farms kept ≥1 cow and 34% kept ≥1 pig. Polish children in villages had lower prevalences of asthma and hay fever than children from towns, and in the Phase II population, farm children had a reduced risk of atopy measured by IgE (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.57, 0.91) and skin prick test (aOR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.50, 0.86). Early-life contact with grain was inversely related to the risk of atopy measured by IgE (aOR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.47, 0.92) and appeared to explain part of the farming effect. CONCLUSION While farming in Poland differed from that in the Alpine areas as did the exposure-response associations, we found in communities engaged in small-scale, mixed farming, there was a protective farming effect against objective measures of atopy potentially related to contact with grain or associated farm activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. MacNeill
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; National Heart and Lung Istitute; Imperial College London; London; UK
| | - B. Sozanska
- Department of Paediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology; Wrocław Medical University; Wrocław; Poland
| | - H. Danielewicz
- Department of Paediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology; Wrocław Medical University; Wrocław; Poland
| | - A. Debinska
- Department of Paediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology; Wrocław Medical University; Wrocław; Poland
| | - A. Kosmeda
- Department of Paediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology; Wrocław Medical University; Wrocław; Poland
| | - A. Boznanski
- Department of Paediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology; Wrocław Medical University; Wrocław; Poland
| | - S. Illi
- Asthma and Allergy Research Group; University Children's Hospital; Munich; Germany
| | - M. Depner
- Asthma and Allergy Research Group; University Children's Hospital; Munich; Germany
| | - C. Strunz-Lehner
- Asthma and Allergy Research Group; University Children's Hospital; Munich; Germany
| | | | - G. Büchele
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
| | - E. Horak
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescents; Division of Cardiology and Pulmonology; Innsbruck Medical University; Innsbruck; Austria
| | - J. Genuneit
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry; University of Ulm; Ulm; Germany
| | - D. Heederik
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | | | - E. von Mutius
- Asthma and Allergy Research Group; University Children's Hospital; Munich; Germany
| | - P. Cullinan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; National Heart and Lung Istitute; Imperial College London; London; UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Abstract
Phylogenetic relationships of Rozites, Cuphocybe, and Rapacea were assessed using molecular phylogenetic approaches. These three genera are placed in Cortinariaceae and have been regarded as closely related to Cortinarius. Rozites includes more than 20 species, which are characterized by having both a membranaceous partial veil in the form of a persistent annulus and a membranaceous universal veil. Cuphocye (4 species) lacks an annulus or cortina, but has pigmented veil fibrils or scales. The monotypic genus Rapacea accommodates a distinct taxon with pale, nearly smooth and thick-walled basidiospores. We analyzed 56 sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1, ITS2, and the intervening 5.8S rRNA gene) for nine species of Rozites, three species of Cuphocybe, 28 species of Cortinarius, Rapacea mariae and Protoglossum luteum. Two species of Hebeloma were used as outgroup. Large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences from selected taxa were also analyzed. The results clearly demonstrate that Rozites species are nested within the clade/Cortinarius, and that Rozites is polyphyletic, suggesting that membranaceous veils have evolved several times in the genus Cortinarius. Also Rapacea and Cuphocybe are nested within Cortinarius, making the latter genus paraphyletic. Based on phylogenetic studies, Rozites, Cuphocybe and Rapacea are artificial genera and do not reflect natural relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Peintner
- Institute of Microbiology, Leopold Franzens-University Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Schrott-Fischer A, Rieger G, Morass B, Bitsche M, Horak E, Riechelmann H, Glückert R. [Diagnostics of primary ciliary dyskinesia]. Laryngorhinootologie 2008; 87:809-20; quiz 821-5. [PMID: 18975248 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1077724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease characterized by abnormal ciliary motion and impaired mucociliary clearance. The prevalence of PCD is approximately 1 : 15 000 - 1 : 20 000 in live births. Cilia dysfunction is also implicated in a wider spectrum of diseases due to impaired organ genesis and body symmetry. Cilia are highly conserved in animals and show complex structures containing more than 250 proteins for their formation. Recent studies have begun to locate the PCD genes in the genome and characterize functional mutations. Specific diagnosis of the ciliary dysfunction requires physiological measurements as well as light- and electron microscopy. Abnormalities in ciliary motion and ultrastructural studies can be performed with nasal mucosal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Schrott-Fischer
- Department für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde und Hör-, Stimm- und Sprachstörungen, Universitätsklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Innsbruck
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Horak E, Mueller W, Strobl R, Haberland C, Fink FM, Schwaiger M, Gutenberger KH, Reich H, Meraner D, Kiechl S. Living at high altitude and risk of hospitalisation for atopic asthma in children: results from a large prospective birth-cohort study. Arch Dis Child 2007; 92:339-42. [PMID: 17376940 PMCID: PMC2083677 DOI: 10.1136/adc.2006.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is among the most common chronic diseases in childhood and is steadily increasing in prevalence. Better characterisation of factors that determine the risk of hospitalisation for atopic asthma in childhood may help design prevention programmes and improve our understanding of disease pathobiology. This study will focus on the altitude of residence. METHODS This is an ongoing prospective birth-cohort study that enrolled all live-born infants in the Tyrol. Between 1994 and 1999, baseline data were collected for 33 808 infants. From 2000 to 2005, all children hospitalised for atopic asthma at the age of > or =6 years (n = 305) were identified by a careful search of hospital databases. Disease status was ascertained from the typical medical history, a thorough examination and proof of atopy. RESULTS Living at higher altitude was associated with an enhanced risk of hospitalisation for atopic asthma (multivariate RRs (95% confidence interval 2.08 (1.45 to 2.98) and 1.49 (1.05 to 2.11) for a comparison between altitude categories > or =1200 m and 900-1199 m versus <900 m; p<0.001). This finding applied equally to hospital admissions in spring, summer, autumn and winter. When altitude of residence was analysed as a continuous variable, the risk for asthma hospitalisation increased by 7% for each 100-m increase in altitude (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS This large prospective study shows a significant association between the risk of hospitalisation for atopic asthma and altitude of residence between 450 and 1800 m. The underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated, but it is tempting to speculate about a role for altitude characteristics such as the decline in outdoor temperature and air humidity and increase in ozone levels, which may trigger airway hyper-responsiveness and attenuate lung function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Kiechl-Kohlendorfer
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Baroni TJ, Franco-Molano AE, Lodge DJ, Lindner DL, Horak E, Hofstetter V. Arthromyces and Blastosporella, two new genera of conidia-producing lyophylloid agarics (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from the neotropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 111:572-80. [PMID: 17572336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2006] [Revised: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two new genera encompassing three new species of lyophylloid agarics that produce conidia on the basidiomata are described. Arthromyces is a genus comprised of two very different arthrospore-producing mushroom species found in the Greater Antilles and Central America. Blastosporella is a monotypic genus with spherical balls of blastospores covering the pileus surface with age and is known from Hispaniola and Colombia. A key to the species of Arthromyces is included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Baroni
- Department of Biological Sciences, PO Box 2000, State University of New York, College at Cortland, Cortland, New York 13045, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bandala VM, Montoya L, Horak E. Crepidotus rubrovinosus sp. nov. and Crepidotus septicoides, found in the cloud forest of eastern Mexico, with notes on Crepidotus fusisporus var. longicystis. Mycologia 2006; 98:131-40. [PMID: 16800311 DOI: 10.3852/mycologia.98.1.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two species of Crepidotus are recorded from cloud forest in the central region of Veracruz State (eastern Mexico): Crepidotus rubrovinosus sp. nov. and Crepidotus septicoides. The latter species was known previously only from the type locality in Brazil and from one record in tropical rain forest in southern Veracruz (as C. longicystis s. str. Singer). Descriptions, illustrations and discussions for both taxa are provided. A type study of C. fusisporus var. longicystis from USA is included, and it is concluded that the collection supporting this variety belongs to C. luteolus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Bandala
- Instituto de Ecología, Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Horak E, Peintner U, Pöder R. Meinhard Michael Moser (1924-2002): doyen of European agaricologists. Mycol Res 2003; 107:506-8. [PMID: 12825524 DOI: 10.1017/s0953756203007421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The leading agaricologist Meinhard M. Moser died on 30 September 2002. He was a Centenary Fellow of the British Mycological Society, and the mentor of numerous students and colleagues throughout the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egon Horak
- Geobotanical Institute, ETHZ, Zollikerstr. 107, Zürich CH-8008, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Horak E, Peintner U, Pöder R. In memoriam Meinhard M. Moser (1924–2002). Mycol Prog 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-006-0030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
38
|
Peinter U, Horak E, Moser MM, Vilgalys R. Phylogeny of Rozites, Cuphocybe and Rapacea Inferred from ITS and LSU rDNA Sequences. Mycologia 2002. [DOI: 10.2307/3761713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
39
|
|
40
|
Yordanov AT, Garmestani K, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Yao Z, Phillips KE, Herring B, Horak E, Beitzel MP, Schwarz UP, Gansow OA, Plascjak PS, Eckelman WC, Waldmann TA, Brechbiel MW. Preparation and in vivo evaluation of linkers for 211At labeling of humanized anti-Tac. Nucl Med Biol 2001; 28:845-56. [PMID: 11578907 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(01)00257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses, radiolabeling, antibody conjugation, and in vivo evaluation of new linkers for 211At labeling of humanized anti-Tac (Hu-anti-Tac), an antibody to the alpha-chain of the IL-2 receptor (IL-2Ralpha) shown to be a useful target for radioimmunotherapy are described. Synthesis of the organometallic linker precursors is accomplished by reaction of the corresponding bromo- or iodoaryl esters with bis(tributyltin) in the presence of a palladium catalyst. Subsequent conversion to the corresponding N-succinimidyl ester and labeling with 211At of two new linkers, N-succinimidyl 4-[211At]astato-3-methylbenzoate and N-succinimidyl N-(4-[211At]astatophenethyl)succinamate (SAPS), together with the previously reported N-succinimidyl 4-[211At]astatobenzoate and N-succinimidyl 3-[211At]astato-4-methylbenzoate, are each conjugated to Hu-anti-Tac. The plasma survival times of these conjugates are compared to those of directly iodinated (125I) Hu-anti-Tac. The N-succinimidyl N-(4-[211At]astatophenethyl)succinamate compound (SAPS) emerged from this assay as the most viable candidate for 211At-labeling of Hu-anti-Tac. SAPS, along with the directly analogous radio-iodinated reagent, N-succinimidyl N-(4-[125I]astatophenethyl)succinamate (SIPS), are evaluated in a biodistribution study along with directly iodinated (125I) Hu-anti-Tac. Blood clearance and biological accretion results indicate that SAPS is a viable candidate for further evaluation for radioimmunotherapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A T Yordanov
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Agerer R, Ammirati J, Blanz P, Courtecuisse R, Desjardin DE, Gams W, Hallenberg N, Halling R, Hawksworth DL, Horak E, Korf RP, Mueller GM, Oberwinkler F, Rambold G, Summerbell RC, Triebel D, Watling R. Open letter to the scientific community of mycologists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1139/b00-063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
43
|
Agerer R, Ammirati J, Blanz P, Courtecuisse R, Desjardin DE, Gams W, Hallenberg N, Halling R, Hawksworth DL, Horak E, Korf RP, Mueller GM, Oberwinkler F, Rambold G, Summerbell RC, Triebel D, Watling R. Open letter to the scientific community of mycologists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1139/cjb-78-7-981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
44
|
Frischer T, Eber E, Eichler I, Horak E, Riedler J, Götz M, Zach M. [Consensus guidelines for drug therapy of bronchial asthma in children and adolescents. Austrian Society of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Austrian Society for Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1999; 111:900-2. [PMID: 10599154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Frischer
- Universitäts-Kinderklinik, Wien, Osterreich
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The aim of this study was a retrospective evaluation of insertion and management complications of percutaneous Hickman catheter lines in pediatric patients to investigate whether the complication rate is acceptable in comparison with other insertion methods or other age groups. METHODS Over a period of 22 months a total of 27 Hickman catheters were inserted in 22 pediatric patients (20 oncological, 2 nononcological; age 6 weeks to 17.5 years). RESULTS Twenty-three of 36 insertion attempts (63.9%) were successful at first attempt. In another 4 patients, catheters were placed after repeated attempts. In an additional 4 patients, catheters were inserted by surgeons after percutaneous insertion failed. As immediate complications, 1 pneumothorax and 1 malposition were seen. Late complications included 1 to 29 (median, 8) days of fever in 15 patients, corresponding to 53 of 1,000 catheter days. Fourteen patients showed 21 positive blood cultures, including 11 cases of Staphylococcus epidermides, which might be related to the catheter. Antibiotics were given for a total of 1 to 130 (median, 35) days, that is 205 of 1,000 catheter days. No catheter was removed because of infectious complications. The total life span of the Hickman catheters was 1 to 371 (median, 163) days, the patients were in the hospital from 1 to 351 (median, 102) days because of their underlying disease. At the end of the study period, 8 of 27 (29.6%) catheters remained functioning in situ; 9 (33.3%) had been selectively removed. Two patients died with the catheter (7.4%) functioning well. Another 2 patients showed catheter thrombosis. Six catheters (22.2%) in 5 patients showed inadvertent dislodgement. CONCLUSION Percutaneous Hickman catheter insertion in pediatric patients is effective; however, complication rate is relevant, but not higher than percutaneous insertion of subclavian vein or Hickman catheters in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Skladal
- Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
McCall AM, Adams GP, Amoroso AR, Nielsen UB, Zhang L, Horak E, Simmons H, Schier R, Marks JD, Weiner LM. Isolation and characterization of an anti-CD16 single-chain Fv fragment and construction of an anti-HER2/neu/anti-CD16 bispecific scFv that triggers CD16-dependent tumor cytolysis. Mol Immunol 1999; 36:433-45. [PMID: 10449096 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(99)00057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bispecific antibody (bsAb)-based clinical trials of cancer have been conducted primarily using intact murine monoclonal antibody (mAb)-derived molecules. In some of these trials, toxicity resulting from the interactions of antibody Fc domains with cellular Fc receptors has limited the doses of antibody (Ab) that can be employed. Furthermore, human anti-mouse Ab responses prohibit multiple therapy courses. These factors have decreased the efficacy of the bsAb 2B1, which targets the extracellular domains (ECD) of the HER2/neu protooncogene product and the human FcgammaRIII (CD16). To address these obstacles, we have constructed and characterized a fully human gene-fused bsAb from single-chain Fv (scFv) molecules specific for HER2/neu and CD16. The human anti-CD16 scFv component, NM3E2, was isolated from a human scFv phage display library. As binding of NM3E2 to human neutrophil-associated CD16 decreased in the presence of plasma IgG, we have concluded that NM3E2 recognizes an epitope in the vicinity of the Fc binding pocket. Furthermore, the NM3E2 scFv was found by surface plasmon resonance-based epitope mapping to share an overlapping epitope with the Leu-11c mAb. The human anti-HER2/neu scFv component, C6.5, which was previously isolated from a human scFv phage display library, was employed as fusion partner for the creation of a bispecific scFv (bs-scFv). In the presence of the C6.5 x NM3E2 bs-scFv, peripheral blood lymphocytes promoted significant lysis of human SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells overexpressing HER2/neu. Biodistribution studies performed in SK-OV-3 tumor-bearing scid mice revealed that 1% ID/g of 125I-labeled C6.5 x NM3E2 bs-scFv was specifically retained in tumor at 23 h following injection. These results indicated that both scFv components of the bs-scFv retained their function in the fusion protein. This bsAb should overcome some of the problems associated with the 2B1 bsAb. C6.5 x NM3E2 bs-scFv offers promise as a platform for multifunctional binding proteins with potential clinical applications as a result of its human origin, lack of an Fc domain, ease of production, high level of in vitro tumor cell cytotoxicity and highly selective tumor targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M McCall
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Abstract
Neopterin is produced and released by human macrophages in response to stimulation with interferon-gamma and changes in neopterin concentrations indicate cellular immune activation. Pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is also associated with increased neopterin levels in body fluids. We report the clinical course, the diagnostic results, and the urinary neopterin levels of seven children (ages 10 months-6(6/12) years) with pulmonary tuberculosis. Two of them had progressive primary tuberculosis, in one case caused by isoniazid resistance. Diagnostic criteria included chest radiographs, intradermal tuberculosis skin testing, and culture of aspirated secretions for tuberculosis. Neopterin levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The five patients with uncomplicated primary disease and a good response to therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide showed no or slightly elevated neopterin levels (mean, 458 micromol/mol creatinine). In the two patients with progressive primary tuberculosis we documented excessively high neopterin levels (mean, 2170 micromol/mol creatinine). We conclude that neopterin may be a useful parameter for measuring the degree of disease activity and the response to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Horak
- Clinic for Pediatrics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Raventos FE, Villarreal M, Heykoop M, Horak E. Phaeomarasmius gypsophilus, a New Species from Gypsiferous Plant Communities in Central Spain. Mycologia 1998. [DOI: 10.2307/3761025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
50
|
Raventós FE, Villarreal M, Heykoop M, Horak E. Phaeomarasmius gypsophilus, a new species from gypsiferous plant communities in central Spain. Mycologia 1998. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1998.12026892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Esteve Raventós
- Department of Plant Biology, Alcalá de Henares University, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Villarreal
- Department of Plant Biology, Alcalá de Henares University, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michel Heykoop
- Department of Plant Biology, Alcalá de Henares University, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Egon Horak
- Geobotany Institute ETH, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|