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Pica G, Jaume LC, Rullo M, Molinario E, Lo Destro C, Visintin EP. Conspiring under threats! An investigation of associations between COVID-19 health and economic threats and conspiracy beliefs in Italy and Argentina. Int J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38649334 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Theory and research suggest that threats aroused by a given crisis lead to conspiracy beliefs. Although crises involve the arise of multiple threats (e.g., economic, safety, etc.) diversely affecting various needs and outcomes (i.e., cognition, emotion and behaviour), no research has yet focused on specific relations that different threats may have with the endorsement of conspiracy beliefs. In this study, we distinguished between health and economic threats aroused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and we tested their associations with conspiracy beliefs. Findings from two correlational studies conducted in Italy and Argentina showed that while COVID-19's economic threat was positively and consistently related to conspiracy beliefs, the relationship between COVID-19's health threat and conspiracy beliefs was negative and significant in the Italian sample and non-significant in the Argentinian sample. Results are discussed within the context of the effects of multiple threats elicited by crises on conspiracy beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Pica
- School of Law, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Luis Carlos Jaume
- Research Institute of the School of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marika Rullo
- Department of Education, Humanities and Intercultural Communication, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Erica Molinario
- Department of Psychology and the Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
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2
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Westgate EC, Buttrick NR, Lin Y, El Helou G, Agostini M, Bélanger JJ, Gützkow B, Kreienkamp J, Abakoumkin G, Abdul Khaiyom JH, Ahmedi V, Akkas H, Almenara CA, Atta M, Bagci SC, Basel S, Berisha Kida E, Bernardo ABI, Chobthamkit P, Choi HS, Cristea M, Csaba S, Damnjanovic K, Danyliuk I, Dash A, Di Santo D, Douglas KM, Enea V, Faller DG, Fitzsimons G, Gheorghiu A, Gómez Á, Hamaidia A, Han Q, Helmy M, Hudiyana J, Jeronimus BF, Jiang DY, Jovanović V, Kamenov Ž, Kende A, Keng SL, Kieu TTT, Koc Y, Kovyazina K, Kozytska I, Krause J, Kruglanski AW, Kurapov A, Kutlaca M, Lantos NA, Lemay EP, Lesmana CBJ, Louis WR, Lueders A, Maj M, Malik NI, Martinez A, McCabe KO, Mehulić J, Milla MN, Mohammed I, Molinario E, Moyano M, Muhammad H, Mula S, Muluk H, Myroniuk S, Najafi R, Nisa CF, Nyúl B, O'Keefe PA, Olivas Osuna JJ, Osin EN, Park J, Pica G, Pierro A, Rees J, Reitsema AM, Resta E, Rullo M, Ryan MK, Samekin A, Santtila P, Sasin E, Schumpe BM, Selim HA, Stanton MV, Stroebe W, Sutton RM, Tseliou E, Utsugi A, van Breen JA, Van Lissa CJ, Van Veen K, vanDellen MR, Vázquez A, Wollast R, Et Al. Pandemic boredom: Little evidence that lockdown-related boredom affects risky public health behaviors across 116 countries. Emotion 2023; 23:2370-2384. [PMID: 36913277 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Some public officials have expressed concern that policies mandating collective public health behaviors (e.g., national/regional "lockdown") may result in behavioral fatigue that ultimately renders such policies ineffective. Boredom, specifically, has been singled out as one potential risk factor for noncompliance. We examined whether there was empirical evidence to support this concern during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large cross-national sample of 63,336 community respondents from 116 countries. Although boredom was higher in countries with more COVID-19 cases and in countries that instituted more stringent lockdowns, such boredom did not predict longitudinal within-person decreases in social distancing behavior (or vice versa; n = 8,031) in early spring and summer of 2020. Overall, we found little evidence that changes in boredom predict individual public health behaviors (handwashing, staying home, self-quarantining, and avoiding crowds) over time, or that such behaviors had any reliable longitudinal effects on boredom itself. In summary, contrary to concerns, we found little evidence that boredom posed a public health risk during lockdown and quarantine. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yijun Lin
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida
| | | | | | | | - Ben Gützkow
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen
| | | | - Georgios Abakoumkin
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Thessaly
| | | | | | - Handan Akkas
- Department of Organizational Behavior, Ankara Science University
| | - Carlos A Almenara
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas
| | - Mohsin Atta
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha
| | | | - Sima Basel
- Department of Social Sciences, New York University, Abu Dhabi
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sára Csaba
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University
| | | | - Ivan Danyliuk
- Department of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
| | - Arobindu Dash
- Institute of Management and Organization, Leuphana University of Luneburg
| | - Daniela Di Santo
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University "La Sapienza"
| | | | - Violeta Enea
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University
| | | | | | | | - Ángel Gómez
- Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia
| | - Ali Hamaidia
- Psychology/Research Unit Human Resources Development, Setif 2 University
| | - Qing Han
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol
| | - Mai Helmy
- Department of Psychology, Menoufia University
| | | | | | - Ding-Yu Jiang
- Department of Psychology, National Chung-Cheng University
| | | | - Željka Kamenov
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
| | - Anna Kende
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University
| | | | | | - Yasin Koc
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen
| | | | - Inna Kozytska
- Department of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
| | | | | | - Anton Kurapov
- Department of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrian Lueders
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Universite Clermont-Auvergne
| | - Marta Maj
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University
| | | | | | - Kira O McCabe
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University
| | - Jasmina Mehulić
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvana Mula
- Dipartimento dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, University "La Sapienza"
| | - Hamdi Muluk
- Department of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia
| | | | - Reza Najafi
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch
| | - Claudia F Nisa
- Department of Psychology, New York University, Abu Dhabi
| | - Boglárka Nyúl
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE, Eotvos Lorand University
| | | | - Jose Javier Olivas Osuna
- Department of Political Science and Administration, National Distance Education University (UNED)
| | - Evgeny N Osin
- Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics
| | - Joonha Park
- Graduate School of Management, NUCB Business School
| | | | - Antonio Pierro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University "La Sapienza"
| | - Jonas Rees
- Research Institute Social Cohesion, University of Bielefeld
| | | | - Elena Resta
- Dipartimento dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, University "La Sapienza"
| | - Marika Rullo
- Department of Educational, Humanities and Intercultural Communication, University of Siena
| | | | - Adil Samekin
- School of Liberal Arts, M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University
| | | | - Edyta Sasin
- Department of Psychology, New York University, Abu Dhabi
| | - Birga M Schumpe
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam
| | | | | | | | | | - Eleftheria Tseliou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Thessaly
| | - Akira Utsugi
- Graduate School of Humanities, Nagoya University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robin Wollast
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Universite Clermont-Auvergne
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3
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Lemay EP, Kruglanski AW, Molinario E, Agostini M, Bélanger JJ, Gützkow B, Kreienkamp J, Margit Reitsema A, R vanDellen M, Collaboration P, Leander NP. The role of values in coping with health and economic threats of COVID-19. J Soc Psychol 2023; 163:755-772. [PMID: 34951330 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2021.1979454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The current research examined the role of values in guiding people's responses to COVID-19. Results from an international study involving 115 countries (N = 61,490) suggest that health and economic threats of COVID-19 evoke different values, with implications for controlling and coping with the pandemic. Specifically, health threats predicted prioritization of communal values related to caring for others and belonging, whereas economic threats predicted prioritization of agentic values focused on competition and achievement. Concurrently and over time, prioritizing communal values over agentic values was associated with enactment of prevention behaviors that reduce virus transmission, motivations to help others suffering from the pandemic, and positive attitudes toward outgroup members. These results, which were generally consistent across individual and national levels of analysis, suggest that COVID-19 threats may indirectly shape important responses to the pandemic through their influence on people's prioritization of communion and agency. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Kruglanski AW, Ellenberg M, Szumowska E, Molinario E, Speckhard A, Leander NP, Pierro A, Di Cicco G, Bushman BJ. Frustration-aggression hypothesis reconsidered: The role of significance quest. Aggress Behav 2023; 49:445-468. [PMID: 37282763 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the oldest scientific theories of human aggression is the frustration-aggression hypothesis, advanced in 1939. Although this theory has received considerable empirical support and is alive and well today, its underlying mechanisms have not been adequately explored. In this article, we examine major findings and concepts from extant psychological research on hostile aggression and offer an integrative conception: aggression is a primordial means for establishing one's sense of significance and mattering, thus addressing a fundamental social-psychological need. Our functional portrayal of aggression as a means to significance yields four testable hypotheses: (1) frustration will elicit hostile aggression proportionately to the extent that the frustrated goal serves the individual's need for significance, (2) the impulse to aggress in response to significance loss will be enhanced in conditions that limit the individual's ability to reflect and engage in extensive information processing (that may bring up alternative, socially condoned means to significance), (3) significance-reducing frustration will elicit hostile aggression unless the impulse to aggress is substituted by a nonaggressive means of significance restoration, (4) apart from significance loss, an opportunity for significance gain can increase the impulse to aggress. These hypotheses are supported by extant data as well as novel research findings in real-world contexts. They have important implications for understanding human aggression and the conditions under which it is likely to be manifested and reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie W Kruglanski
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Molly Ellenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ewa Szumowska
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Erica Molinario
- Department of Psychology - The Water School, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anne Speckhard
- Founding Director - International Center for the Study of Violent Extremism (ICSVE), Adjunct Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - N Pontus Leander
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Peace and Conflict Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Antonio Pierro
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Rome, "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Di Cicco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Rome, "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Brad J Bushman
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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5
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Webber D, Molinario E, Jasko K, Gelfand MJ, Kruglanski AW. The Way They See Us: Examining the Content, Accuracy, and Bias of Metaperceptions Held by Syrian Refugees About the Communities That Host Them. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2023:1461672231190222. [PMID: 37571840 DOI: 10.1177/01461672231190222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Discourse about people seeking refuge from conflict varies considerably. To understand what components of this discourse reach refugees the most, we examined refugees' perceptions of how their host communities perceive them (i.e., intergroup metaperceptions). We sampled refugees who fled Syria to Jordan, Lebanon, Germany, and the Netherlands. Focus groups with 102 Syrian refugees revealed that the most prevalent metaperception discussed by refugees was that they thought their host communities saw them as threatening (Study 1). Surveys with 1,360 Syrian refugees and 1,441 members of the host communities (Study 2) found that refugees' metaperceptions tracked the perceptions held by their host communities (i.e., they were accurate), but there was also a significant mean difference, indicating that they were positively biased. Analyses further tested the roles of evaluative concern and group salience on metaperception accuracy, as well as differences in accuracy and bias across country and perception domain.
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6
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Enea V, Eisenbeck N, Carreno DF, Douglas KM, Sutton RM, Agostini M, Bélanger JJ, Gützkow B, Kreienkamp J, Abakoumkin G, Abdul Khaiyom JH, Ahmedi V, Akkas H, Almenara CA, Atta M, Bagci SC, Basel S, Berisha Kida E, Bernardo ABI, Buttrick NR, Chobthamkit P, Choi HS, Cristea M, Csaba S, Damnjanovic K, Danyliuk I, Dash A, Di Santo D, Faller DG, Fitzsimons G, Gheorghiu A, Gómez Á, Grzymala-Moszczynska J, Hamaidia A, Han Q, Helmy M, Hudiyana J, Jeronimus BF, Jiang DY, Jovanović V, Kamenov Ž, Kende A, Keng SL, Kieu TTT, Koc Y, Kovyazina K, Kozytska I, Krause J, Kruglanski AW, Kurapov A, Kutlaca M, Lantos NA, Lemay EP, Lesmana CBJ, Louis WR, Lueders A, Malik NI, Martinez A, McCabe KO, Mehulić J, Milla MN, Mohammed I, Molinario E, Moyano M, Muhammad H, Mula S, Muluk H, Myroniuk S, Najafi R, Nisa CF, Nyúl B, O'Keefe PA, Osuna JJO, Osin EN, Park J, Pica G, Pierro A, Rees J, Reitsema AM, Resta E, Rullo M, Ryan MK, Samekin A, Santtila P, Sasin E, Schumpe BM, Selim HA, Stanton MV, Sultana S, Tseliou E, Utsugi A, van Breen JA, Van Lissa CJ, Van Veen K, vanDellen MR, Vázquez A, Wollast R, Yeung VWL, Zand S, Žeželj IL, Zheng B, Zick A, Zúñiga C, Leander NP. Intentions to be Vaccinated Against COVID-19: The Role of Prosociality and Conspiracy Beliefs across 20 Countries. Health Commun 2023; 38:1530-1539. [PMID: 35081848 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.2018179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake is important to inform policy decisions and plan vaccination campaigns. The aims of this research were to: (1) explore the individual- and country-level determinants of intentions to be vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and (2) examine worldwide variation in vaccination intentions. This cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the first wave of the pandemic, involving 6697 respondents across 20 countries. Results showed that 72.9% of participants reported positive intentions to be vaccinated against COVID-19, whereas 16.8% were undecided, and 10.3% reported they would not be vaccinated. At the individual level, prosociality was a significant positive predictor of vaccination intentions, whereas generic beliefs in conspiracy theories and religiosity were negative predictors. Country-level determinants, including cultural dimensions of individualism/collectivism and power distance, were not significant predictors of vaccination intentions. Altogether, this study identifies individual-level predictors that are common across multiple countries, provides further evidence on the importance of combating conspiracy theories, involving religious institutions in vaccination campaigns, and stimulating prosocial motives to encourage vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Enea
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi
| | - Nikolett Eisenbeck
- Department of Personality, Evaluation andPsychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ben Gützkow
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen
| | | | - Georgios Abakoumkin
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Thessaly
| | | | | | - Handan Akkas
- Business Administration Dept., Ankara Science University
| | - Carlos A Almenara
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas
| | - Mohsin Atta
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha
| | | | - Sima Basel
- Department of Social Sciences, New York University Abu Dhabi
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sára Csaba
- Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | - Ivan Danyliuk
- Department of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
| | - Arobindu Dash
- Institute of Management and Organization, Leuphana University of Luneburg
| | - Daniela Di Santo
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University "La Sapienza", Rome
| | | | | | | | - Ángel Gómez
- Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
| | | | - Ali Hamaidia
- Psychology/ Research Unit Human Resources Development, Setif 2 University
| | - Qing Han
- The School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol
| | - Mai Helmy
- Department of Psychology, Sultan Qaboos University, Menoufia University
| | | | | | - Ding-Yu Jiang
- Department of Psychology, National Chung-Cheng University
| | | | - Željka Kamenov
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
| | - Anna Kende
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | | | | | - Yasin Koc
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen
| | | | - Inna Kozytska
- Department of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
| | | | | | - Anton Kurapov
- Department of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
| | | | | | - Edward P Lemay
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jasmina Mehulić
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Silvana Mula
- Dipartimento dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, University "La Sapienza, Rome
| | - Hamdi Muluk
- Department of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia
| | | | - Reza Najafi
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch
| | | | - Boglárka Nyúl
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University
| | - Paul A O'Keefe
- Division of Social Science, Yale-NUS College
- Department of Management and Organisation, National University of Singapore Business School
| | - Jose Javier Olivas Osuna
- Department of Political Science and Administration, National Distance Education University (UNED)
| | | | - Joonha Park
- Graduate School of Management, NUCB Business School
| | | | - Antonio Pierro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University "La Sapienza", Rome
| | - Jonas Rees
- Research Institute Social Cohesion, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, and Department of Social Psychology, University of Bielefeld
| | | | - Elena Resta
- Dipartimento dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, University "La Sapienza, Rome
| | - Marika Rullo
- Department of Social, Political and Cognitive Sciences, University of Siena
| | - Michelle K Ryan
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen
| | - Adil Samekin
- School of Liberal Arts, M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Pekka Santtila
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences; NYU-ECNU Institute for Social Development, New York University Shanghai
| | - Edyta Sasin
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi
| | - Birga M Schumpe
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam
| | | | | | | | - Eleftheria Tseliou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Thessaly
| | - Akira Utsugi
- Graduate School of Humanities, Nagoya University
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Vázquez
- Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
| | - Robin Wollast
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont-Auvergne
| | | | - Somayeh Zand
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca
| | | | - Bang Zheng
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London
| | - Andreas Zick
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence (IKG), Bielefeld University
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7
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Keng SL, Stanton MV, Haskins LB, Almenara CA, Ickovics J, Jones A, Grigsby-Toussaint D, Agostini M, Bélanger JJ, Gützkow B, Kreienkamp J, Lemay EP, vanDellen MR, Abakoumkin G, Abdul Khaiyom JH, Ahmedi V, Akkas H, Atta M, Bagci SC, Basel S, Berisha Kida E, Bernardo AB, Buttrick NR, Chobthamkit P, Choi H, Cristea M, Csaba S, Damnjanovic K, Danyliuk I, Dash A, Di Santo D, Douglas KM, Enea V, Faller DG, Fitzsimons G, Gheorghiu A, Gómez Á, Hamaidia A, Han Q, Helmy M, Hudiyana J, Jeronimus BF, Jiang D, Jovanović V, Kamenov Ž, Kende A, Kieu TTT, Koc Y, Kovyazina K, Kozytska I, Krause J, Kruglanski AW, Kurapov A, Kutlaca M, Lantos NA, Lesmana CBJ, Louis WR, Lueders A, Maj M, Malik NI, Martinez A, McCabe KO, Mehulić J, Milla MN, Mohammed I, Molinario E, Moyano M, Muhammad H, Mula S, Muluk H, Myroniuk S, Najafi R, Nisa CF, Nyúl B, O'Keefe PA, Osuna JJO, Osin EN, Park J, Pica G, Pierro A, Rees J, Reitsema AM, Resta E, Rullo M, Ryan MK, Samekin A, Santtila P, Sasin EM, Schumpe BM, Selim HA, Stroebe W, Sultana S, Sutton RM, Tseliou E, Utsugi A, van Breen JA, Van Lissa CJ, Van Veen K, Vázquez A, Wollast R, Yeung VW, Zand S, Žeželj IL, Zheng B, Zick A, Zúñiga C, Leander NP. COVID-19 stressors and health behaviors: A multilevel longitudinal study across 86 countries. Prev Med Rep 2022; 27:101764. [PMID: 35313454 PMCID: PMC8928741 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 economic burden was associated with reduced diet quality and sleep quality. COVID-19 economic burden was linked with increased cigarette smoking. Those with high infection risk and high economic burden reported worse diet quality. High perceived infection risk and high economic burden predicted low sleep quality. Neither infection risk nor economic burden predicted exercise or binge drinking.
Anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and home confinement has been associated with adverse health behaviors, such as unhealthy eating, smoking, and drinking. However, most studies have been limited by regional sampling, which precludes the examination of behavioral consequences associated with the pandemic at a global level. Further, few studies operationalized pandemic-related stressors to enable the investigation of the impact of different types of stressors on health outcomes. This study examined the association between perceived risk of COVID-19 infection and economic burden of COVID-19 with health-promoting and health-damaging behaviors using data from the PsyCorona Study: an international, longitudinal online study of psychological and behavioral correlates of COVID-19. Analyses utilized data from 7,402 participants from 86 countries across three waves of assessment between May 16 and June 13, 2020. Participants completed self-report measures of COVID-19 infection risk, COVID-19-related economic burden, physical exercise, diet quality, cigarette smoking, sleep quality, and binge drinking. Multilevel structural equation modeling analyses showed that across three time points, perceived economic burden was associated with reduced diet quality and sleep quality, as well as increased smoking. Diet quality and sleep quality were lowest among respondents who perceived high COVID-19 infection risk combined with high economic burden. Neither binge drinking nor exercise were associated with perceived COVID-19 infection risk, economic burden, or their interaction. Findings point to the value of developing interventions to address COVID-related stressors, which have an impact on health behaviors that, in turn, may influence vulnerability to COVID-19 and other health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ling Keng
- Monash University Malaysia, Malaysia
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
- Corresponding author at: Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sima Basel
- New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sára Csaba
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ivan Danyliuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Violeta Enea
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | | | | | | | - Ángel Gómez
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Qing Han
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mai Helmy
- Menoufia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
- Sultan Qaboos University, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Kende
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Yasin Koc
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Inna Kozytska
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Anton Kurapov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marta Maj
- Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Jonas Rees
- University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Michelle K. Ryan
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Adil Samekin
- School of Liberal Arts, M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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8
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Kruglanski AW, Molinario E, Ellenberg M, Di Cicco G. Terrorism and Conspiracy Theories: A View from the 3N model of radicalization. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 47:101396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Van Lissa CJ, Stroebe W, vanDellen MR, Leander NP, Agostini M, Draws T, Grygoryshyn A, Gützgow B, Kreienkamp J, Vetter CS, Abakoumkin G, Abdul Khaiyom JH, Ahmedi V, Akkas H, Almenara CA, Atta M, Bagci SC, Basel S, Kida EB, Bernardo ABI, Buttrick NR, Chobthamkit P, Choi HS, Cristea M, Csaba S, Damnjanović K, Danyliuk I, Dash A, Di Santo D, Douglas KM, Enea V, Faller DG, Fitzsimons GJ, Gheorghiu A, Gómez Á, Hamaidia A, Han Q, Helmy M, Hudiyana J, Jeronimus BF, Jiang DY, Jovanović V, Kamenov Ž, Kende A, Keng SL, Thanh Kieu TT, Koc Y, Kovyazina K, Kozytska I, Krause J, Kruglanksi AW, Kurapov A, Kutlaca M, Lantos NA, Lemay EP, Jaya Lesmana CB, Louis WR, Lueders A, Malik NI, Martinez AP, McCabe KO, Mehulić J, Milla MN, Mohammed I, Molinario E, Moyano M, Muhammad H, Mula S, Muluk H, Myroniuk S, Najafi R, Nisa CF, Nyúl B, O'Keefe PA, Olivas Osuna JJ, Osin EN, Park J, Pica G, Pierro A, Rees JH, Reitsema AM, Resta E, Rullo M, Ryan MK, Samekin A, Santtila P, Sasin EM, Schumpe BM, Selim HA, Stanton MV, Sultana S, Sutton RM, Tseliou E, Utsugi A, Anne van Breen J, Van Veen K, Vázquez A, Wollast R, Wai-Lan Yeung V, Zand S, Žeželj IL, Zheng B, Zick A, Zúñiga C, Bélanger JJ. Using machine learning to identify important predictors of COVID-19 infection prevention behaviors during the early phase of the pandemic. Patterns (N Y) 2022; 3:100482. [PMID: 35282654 PMCID: PMC8904175 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2022.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Before vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) became available, a set of infection-prevention behaviors constituted the primary means to mitigate the virus spread. Our study aimed to identify important predictors of this set of behaviors. Whereas social and health psychological theories suggest a limited set of predictors, machine-learning analyses can identify correlates from a larger pool of candidate predictors. We used random forests to rank 115 candidate correlates of infection-prevention behavior in 56,072 participants across 28 countries, administered in March to May 2020. The machine-learning model predicted 52% of the variance in infection-prevention behavior in a separate test sample—exceeding the performance of psychological models of health behavior. Results indicated the two most important predictors related to individual-level injunctive norms. Illustrating how data-driven methods can complement theory, some of the most important predictors were not derived from theories of health behavior—and some theoretically derived predictors were relatively unimportant. We studied predictors of COVID-19 prevention behaviors in a cross-national study The strongest predictors related to injunctive norms
In the absence of a vaccine or cure, virus containment depended on individual-level compliance with behaviors recommended by the World Health Organization. We used machine learning to identify the most important indicators of compliance, based on a large international psychological survey and on country-level secondary data. The most important indicators were not the “usual suspects,” such as personal threat of virus infection, but rather injunctive norms—namely, the belief that one’s community should engage in such behavior and that society should take restrictive virus-containment measures. People who tend to engage in infection-prevention behaviors also tend to believe that general compliance is necessary to defeat the pandemic, which extends to endorsement of “ought” norms and support for behavioral mandates. These results highlight the potential to intervene by shaping social norms and expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar J Van Lissa
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Open Science Community Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - N Pontus Leander
- University of Groningen, Gronigen, the Netherlands.,Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Tim Draws
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | | | - Ben Gützgow
- University of Groningen, Gronigen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sima Basel
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sára Csaba
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ivan Danyliuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ángel Gómez
- Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Qing Han
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mai Helmy
- Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.,Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Kende
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Yasin Koc
- University of Groningen, Gronigen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Inna Kozytska
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hamdi Muluk
- Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
| | | | | | - Claudia F Nisa
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marika Rullo
- University of Siena - Arezzo Campus, Siena, Italy
| | - Michelle K Ryan
- University of Groningen, Gronigen, the Netherlands.,University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Adil Samekin
- M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Edyta M Sasin
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Somayeh Zand
- Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
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10
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Abstract
Even though the motivation to feel worthy, to be respected, and to matter to others has been identified for centuries by scholars, the antecedents, consequences, and conditions of its activation have not been systematically analyzed or integrated. The purpose of this article is to offer such an integration. We feature a motivational construct, the quest for significance, defined as the need to have social worth. This need is typically fulfilled by a sense of measuring up to the values one shares with significant others. Our significance-quest theory (SQT) assumes that the need for significance is universal, whereas the means of satisfying it depend on the sociocultural context in which one's values are embedded. Those means are identified in a narrative supported and validated by one's network, or reference group. The quest for significance is activated by significance loss and/or the opportunity for significance gain. It motivates behavior that aims to affirm, realize, and/or show commitment to an important value. The SQT is consistent with large bodies of prior research and supported by novel studies in multiple laboratory and field settings. It transcends prior understandings and offers guidance for further study of this essential human motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Webber
- L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | - N Pontus Leander
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen
| | - Antonio Pierro
- Dipartimento di Psicologia dei Processi di Sviluppo e Socializzazione, La Sapienza University of Rome
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11
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Stroebe W, vanDellen MR, Abakoumkin G, Lemay EP, Schiavone WM, Agostini M, Bélanger JJ, Gützkow B, Kreienkamp J, Reitsema AM, Khaiyom JHA, Ahmedi V, Akkas H, Almenara CA, Atta M, Bagci SC, Basel S, Kida EB, Bernardo ABI, Buttrick NR, Chobthamkit P, Choi HS, Cristea M, Csaba S, Damnjanović K, Danyliuk I, Dash A, Santo DD, Douglas KM, Enea V, Faller DG, Fitzsimons G, Gheorghiu A, Gómez Á, Hamaidia A, Han Q, Helmy M, Hudiyana J, Jeronimus BF, Jiang DY, Jovanović V, Kamenov Ž, Kende A, Keng SL, Kieu TTT, Koc Y, Kovyazina K, Kozytska I, Krause J, Kruglanksi AW, Kurapov A, Kutlaca M, Lantos NA, Lemsmana CBJ, Louis WR, Lueders A, Malik NI, Martinez A, McCabe KO, Mehulić J, Milla MN, Mohammed I, Molinario E, Moyano M, Muhammad H, Mula S, Muluk H, Myroniuk S, Najafi R, Nisa CF, Nyú B, O'Keefe PA, Osuna JJO, Osin EN, Park J, Pica G, Pierro A, Rees J, Resta E, Rullo M, Ryan MK, Samekin A, Santtila P, Sasin E, Schumpe BM, Selim HA, Stanton MV, Sultana S, Sutton RM, Tseliou E, Utsugi A, van Breen JA, Van Lissa CJ, Van Veen K, Vázquez A, Wollast R, Yeung VWL, Zand S, Žeželj IL, Zheng B, Zick A, Zúñiga C, Leander NP. Correction: Politicization of COVID-19 health-protective behaviors in the United States: Longitudinal and cross-national evidence. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263100. [PMID: 35061850 PMCID: PMC8782351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256740.].
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12
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Mula S, Di Santo D, Resta E, Bakhtiari F, Baldner C, Molinario E, Pierro A, Gelfand MJ, Denison E, Agostini M, Bélanger JJ, Gützkow B, Kreienkamp J, Abakoumkin G, Abdul Khaiyom JH, Ahmedi V, Akkas H, Almenara CA, Atta M, Bagci SC, Basel S, Kida EB, Bernardo ABI, Buttrick NR, Chobthamkit P, Choi HS, Cristea M, Csaba S, Damnjanovic K, Danyliuk I, Dash A, Douglas KM, Enea V, Faller DG, Fitzsimons GJ, Gheorghiu A, Gómez Á, Hamaidia A, Han Q, Helmy M, Hudiyana J, Jeronimus BF, Jiang DY, Jovanović V, Kamenov Ž, Kende A, Keng SL, Kieu TTT, Koc Y, Kovyazina K, Kozytska I, Krause J, Kruglanski AW, Kurapov A, Kutlaca M, Lantos NA, Lemay EP, Lesmana CBJ, Louis WR, Lueders A, Malik NI, Martinez A, McCabe KO, Mehulić J, Milla MN, Mohammed I, Moyano M, Muhammad H, Muluk H, Myroniuk S, Najafi R, Nisa CF, Nyúl B, O'Keefe PA, Olivas Osuna JJ, Osin EN, Park J, Pica G, Rees JH, Reitsema AM, Rullo M, Ryan MK, Samekin A, Santtila P, Sasin E, Schumpe BM, Selim HA, Stanton MV, Stroebe W, Sultana S, Sutton RM, Tseliou E, Utsugi A, van Breen JA, van Lissa CJ, Van Veen K, vanDellen MR, Vázquez A, Wollast R, Yeung VWL, Zand S, Žeželj IL, Zheng B, Zick A, Zúñiga C, Leander NP. Concern with COVID-19 pandemic threat and attitudes towards immigrants: The mediating effect of the desire for tightness. Curr Res Ecol Soc Psychol 2021; 3:100028. [PMID: 35098189 PMCID: PMC8691133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cresp.2021.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tightening social norms is thought to be adaptive for dealing with collective threat yet it may have negative consequences for increasing prejudice. The present research investigated the role of desire for cultural tightness, triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, in increasing negative attitudes towards immigrants. We used participant-level data from 41 countries (N = 55,015) collected as part of the PsyCorona project, a cross-national longitudinal study on responses to COVID-19. Our predictions were tested through multilevel and SEM models, treating participants as nested within countries. Results showed that people's concern with COVID-19 threat was related to greater desire for tightness which, in turn, was linked to more negative attitudes towards immigrants. These findings were followed up with a longitudinal model (N = 2,349) which also showed that people's heightened concern with COVID-19 in an earlier stage of the pandemic was associated with an increase in their desire for tightness and negative attitudes towards immigrants later in time. Our findings offer insight into the trade-offs that tightening social norms under collective threat has for human groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michele J Gelfand
- University of Maryland, College Park, USA
- Stanford Graduate School of Business
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ángel Gómez
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia
| | | | | | - Mai Helmy
- Menoufia University
- Sultan Qaboos University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Evgeny N Osin
- National Research University Higher School of Economics
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelle K Ryan
- University of Groningen
- University of Exeter
- University of Groningen
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13
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Stroebe W, vanDellen MR, Abakoumkin G, Lemay EP, Schiavone WM, Agostini M, Bélanger JJ, Gützkow B, Kreienkamp J, Reitsema AM, Abdul Khaiyom JH, Ahmedi V, Akkas H, Almenara CA, Atta M, Bagci SC, Basel S, Berisha Kida E, Bernardo ABI, Buttrick NR, Chobthamkit P, Choi HS, Cristea M, Csaba S, Damnjanović K, Danyliuk I, Dash A, Di Santo D, Douglas KM, Enea V, Faller DG, Fitzsimons G, Gheorghiu A, Gómez Á, Hamaidia A, Han Q, Helmy M, Hudiyana J, Jeronimus BF, Jiang DY, Jovanović V, Kamenov Ž, Kende A, Keng SL, Kieu TTT, Koc Y, Kovyazina K, Kozytska I, Krause J, Kruglanksi AW, Kurapov A, Kutlaca M, Lantos NA, Lemsmana CBJ, Louis WR, Lueders A, Malik NI, Martinez A, McCabe KO, Mehulić J, Milla MN, Mohammed I, Molinario E, Moyano M, Muhammad H, Mula S, Muluk H, Myroniuk S, Najafi R, Nisa CF, Nyúl B, O’Keefe PA, Olivas Osuna JJ, Osin EN, Park J, Pica G, Pierro A, Rees J, Resta E, Rullo M, Ryan MK, Samekin A, Santtila P, Sasin E, Schumpe BM, Selim HA, Stanton MV, Sultana S, Sutton RM, Tseliou E, Utsugi A, van Breen JA, Van Lissa CJ, Van Veen K, Vázquez A, Wollast R, Wai-Lan Yeung V, Zand S, Žeželj IL, Zheng B, Zick A, Zúñiga C, Leander NP. Politicization of COVID-19 health-protective behaviors in the United States: Longitudinal and cross-national evidence. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256740. [PMID: 34669724 PMCID: PMC8528320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. conservative politicians and the media downplayed the risk of both contracting COVID-19 and the effectiveness of recommended health behaviors. Health behavior theories suggest perceived vulnerability to a health threat and perceived effectiveness of recommended health-protective behaviors determine motivation to follow recommendations. Accordingly, we predicted that-as a result of politicization of the pandemic-politically conservative Americans would be less likely to enact recommended health-protective behaviors. In two longitudinal studies of U.S. residents, political conservatism was inversely associated with perceived health risk and adoption of health-protective behaviors over time. The effects of political orientation on health-protective behaviors were mediated by perceived risk of infection, perceived severity of infection, and perceived effectiveness of the health-protective behaviors. In a global cross-national analysis, effects were stronger in the U.S. (N = 10,923) than in an international sample (total N = 51,986), highlighting the increased and overt politicization of health behaviors in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Stroebe
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Michelle R. vanDellen
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Georgios Abakoumkin
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Edward P. Lemay
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William M. Schiavone
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Jocelyn J. Bélanger
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ben Gützkow
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jannis Kreienkamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Vjolica Ahmedi
- Faculty of Education, Pristine University, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Handan Akkas
- Organizational Behavior, Ankara Science University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Carlos A. Almenara
- Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Mohsin Atta
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Sima Basel
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Nicholas R. Buttrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | | | - Hoon-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mioara Cristea
- Department of Psychology, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Sára Csaba
- Department of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kaja Damnjanović
- Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Danyliuk
- Department of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Arobindu Dash
- Department of Social Sciences, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniela Di Santo
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | | | - Violeta Enea
- Department of Psychology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iași, Romania
| | - Daiane Gracieli Faller
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gavan Fitzsimons
- Departments of Marketing and Psychology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Ángel Gómez
- Center for European Studies, Faculty of Law, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ali Hamaidia
- Department of Psychology and Human Resources Development, Setif 2 University, Setif, Algeria
| | - Qing Han
- The School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mai Helmy
- Department of Psychology, Menoufia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ding-Yu Jiang
- Department of Psychology, National Chung-Cheng University, Minxiong, Taiwan
| | - Veljko Jovanović
- Department of Psychology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Željka Kamenov
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anna Kende
- Department of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shian-Ling Keng
- Division of Social Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tra Thi Thanh Kieu
- Department of Psychology, HCMC University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yasin Koc
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Inna Kozytska
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Joshua Krause
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Arie W. Kruglanksi
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anton Kurapov
- Department of Psychology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maja Kutlaca
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Nóra Anna Lantos
- Department of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Adrian Lueders
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Najma Iqbal Malik
- Department of Psychology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Anton Martinez
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kira O. McCabe
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jasmina Mehulić
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirra Noor Milla
- Department of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Idris Mohammed
- Mass Communication, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Erica Molinario
- Department of Psychology, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, United States of America
| | - Manuel Moyano
- Department of Psychology, University of Cordoba, Andalusia, Spain
| | - Hayat Muhammad
- Department of Psychology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Silvana Mula
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Hamdi Muluk
- Department of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Solomiia Myroniuk
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Reza Najafi
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Claudia F. Nisa
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Boglárka Nyúl
- Department of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul A. O’Keefe
- Division of Social Science, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jose Javier Olivas Osuna
- Department of Political Science and Administration, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Evgeny N. Osin
- Department of Psychology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Joonha Park
- Graduate School of Management, NUCB Business School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gennaro Pica
- School of Law, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Antonio Pierro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Jonas Rees
- Research Institute Social Cohesion, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, and Department of Social Psychology Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Elena Resta
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Rullo
- Department of Educational, Humanities and Intercultural Communication, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Michelle K. Ryan
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Adil Samekin
- School of Liberal Arts, M. Narikbayec KAZGUU University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Pekka Santtila
- Department of Psychology, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Edyta Sasin
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Birga M. Schumpe
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heyla A. Selim
- Department of Psychology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Vicente Stanton
- Department of Public Health, California State University East Bay, Hayward, California, United States of America
| | - Samiah Sultana
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Eleftheria Tseliou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Akira Utsugi
- Department of Psychology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Caspar J. Van Lissa
- Department of Methodology & Statistics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kees Van Veen
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Vázquez
- Center for European Studies, Faculty of Law, Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robin Wollast
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive, Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Somayeh Zand
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Iris Lav Žeželj
- Department of Psychology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bang Zheng
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Zick
- Research Institute Social Cohesion, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, and Department of Social Psychology Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Claudia Zúñiga
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - N. Pontus Leander
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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14
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Resta E, Mula S, Baldner C, Di Santo D, Agostini M, Bélanger JJ, Gützkow B, Kreienkamp J, Abakoumkin G, Khaiyom JHA, Ahmedi V, Akkas H, Almenara CA, Atta M, Bagci SC, Basel S, Kida EB, Bernardo ABI, Buttrick NR, Chobthamkit P, Choi HS, Cristea M, Csaba S, Damnjanović K, Danyliuk I, Dash A, Douglas KM, Enea V, Faller DG, Fitzsimons GJ, Gheorghiu A, Gómez Á, Hamaidia A, Han Q, Helmy M, Hudiyana J, Jeronimus BF, Jiang DY, Jovanović V, Kamenov Z, Kende A, Keng SL, Kieu TTT, Koc Y, Kovyazina K, Kozytska I, Krause J, Kruglanski AW, Kurapov A, Kutlaca M, Lantos NA, Lemay EP, Lesmana CBJ, Louis WR, Lueders A, Malik NI, Martinez AP, McCabe KO, Mehulić J, Milla MN, Mohammed I, Molinario E, Moyano M, Muhammad H, Muluk H, Myroniuk S, Najafi R, Nisa CF, Nyúl B, O'Keefe PA, Osuna JJO, Osin EN, Park J, Pica G, Pierro A, Rees JH, Reitsema AM, Rullo M, Ryan MK, Samekin A, Santtila P, Sasin E, Schumpe BM, Selim HA, Stanton MV, Stroebe W, Sultana S, Sutton RM, Tseliou E, Utsugi A, van Breen JA, van Lissa CJ, van Veen K, van Dellen MR, Vázquez A, Wollast R, Yeung VWL, Zand S, Žeželj IL, Zheng B, Zick A, Zúñiga C, Leander NP. 'We are all in the same boat': How societal discontent affects intention to help during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Community Appl Soc Psychol 2021; 32:332-347. [PMID: 34898961 PMCID: PMC8653108 DOI: 10.1002/casp.2572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has caused a global health crisis. Consequently, many countries have adopted restrictive measures that caused a substantial change in society. Within this framework, it is reasonable to suppose that a sentiment of societal discontent, defined as generalized concern about the precarious state of society, has arisen. Literature shows that collectively experienced situations can motivate people to help each other. Since societal discontent is conceptualized as a collective phenomenon, we argue that it could influence intention to help others, particularly those who suffer from coronavirus. Thus, in the present study, we aimed (a) to explore the relationship between societal discontent and intention to help at the individual level and (b) to investigate a possible moderating effect of societal discontent at the country level on this relationship. To fulfil our purposes, we used data collected in 42 countries (N = 61,734) from the PsyCorona Survey, a cross‐national longitudinal study. Results of multilevel analysis showed that, when societal discontent is experienced by the entire community, individuals dissatisfied with society are more prone to help others. Testing the model with longitudinal data (N = 3,817) confirmed our results. Implications for those findings are discussed in relation to crisis management. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Resta
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Silvana Mula
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Conrad Baldner
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Daniela Di Santo
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | | | | | - Ben Gützkow
- Department of Psychology University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | - Jannis Kreienkamp
- Department of Psychology University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | - Georgios Abakoumkin
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education University of Thessaly Volos Greece
| | | | | | - Handan Akkas
- Business Administration Department Ankara Science University Ankara Turkey
| | - Carlos A Almenara
- Faculty of Health Science Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas Santiago de Surco Peru
| | - Mohsin Atta
- Department of Psychology University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | | | - Sima Basel
- Department of Social Sciences New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi UAE
| | | | | | - Nicholas R Buttrick
- Department of Psychology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | | | - Hoon-Seok Choi
- Department of Psychology Sungkyunkwan University Seoul South Korea
| | - Mioara Cristea
- Department of Psychology Heriot Watt University Edinburgh Scotland
| | - Sara Csaba
- Doctoral School of Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
| | | | - Ivan Danyliuk
- Department of Psychology Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Arobindu Dash
- Department of Social Sciences International University of Business Agriculture and Technology Dhaka Bangladesh
| | | | - Violeta Enea
- Department of Psychology Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Iași Romania
| | | | | | - Alexandra Gheorghiu
- Center for European Studies, Faculty of Law Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Iași Romania
| | - Ángel Gómez
- Social and Organizational Psychology Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia Madrid Spain
| | - Ali Hamaidia
- Psychology/ Research Unit Human Resources Development Setif 2 University Sétif Algeria
| | - Qing Han
- The School of Psychological Science University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Mai Helmy
- Psychology Department, College of Education Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman.,Psychology Department Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University Shebin El-Kom Egypt
| | | | | | - Ding-Yu Jiang
- Department of Psychology National Chung-Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan
| | | | - Zeljka Kamenov
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Anna Kende
- Department of Social Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
| | - Shian-Ling Keng
- Division of Social Science Yale-NUS College Singapore Singapore
| | - Tra Thi Thanh Kieu
- Department of Psychology HCMC University of Education Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Yasin Koc
- Department of Psychology University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | | | - Inna Kozytska
- Department of Psychology Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Joshua Krause
- Department of Psychology University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | - Arie W Kruglanski
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
| | - Anton Kurapov
- Department of Psychology Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Maja Kutlaca
- Department of Psychology Durham University Durham UK
| | - Nóra Anna Lantos
- Department of Social Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
| | - Edward P Lemay
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park Maryland USA
| | | | | | - Adrian Lueders
- Department of Psychology University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
| | | | | | - Kira O McCabe
- Department of Psychology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Jasmina Mehulić
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia
| | - Mirra Noor Milla
- Department of Psychology Universitas Indonesia Kota Depok Indonesia
| | - Idris Mohammed
- Mass Communication Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Sokoto Nigeria
| | - Erica Molinario
- Department of Psychology Florida Gulf Coast University Fort Myers Florida USA
| | - Manuel Moyano
- Department of Psychology University of Cordoba Córdoba Spain
| | - Hayat Muhammad
- Department of Psychology University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Hamdi Muluk
- Department of Psychology Universitas Indonesia Kota Depok Indonesia
| | - Solomiia Myroniuk
- Department of Psychology University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | - Reza Najafi
- Department of Psychology Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch Rasht Iran
| | - Claudia F Nisa
- Department of Psychology New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Boglárka Nyúl
- Department of Social Psychology ELTE Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary
| | - Paul A O'Keefe
- Division of Social Science Yale-NUS College Singapore Singapore.,Department of Management and Organisation National University of Singapore Business School Singapore Singapore
| | - Jose Javier Olivas Osuna
- Department of Political Science and Administration National Distance Education University (UNED) Madrid Spain
| | - Evgeny N Osin
- Department of Psychology HSE University Moscow Russia
| | - Joonha Park
- Graduate School of Management NUCB Business School Nagoya Japan
| | - Gennaro Pica
- School of Law University of Camerino Camerino Italy
| | - Antonio Pierro
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Jonas H Rees
- Research Institute Social Cohesion, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Department of Social Psychology University of Bielefeld Bielefeld Germany
| | - Anne Margit Reitsema
- Department of Developmental Psychology University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | - Marika Rullo
- Department of Educational, Humanities and Intercultural Communication University of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Michelle K Ryan
- Psychology University of Exeter Exeter UK.,Faculty of Economics and Business University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | - Adil Samekin
- School of Liberal Arts M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University Nur-Sultan Kazakhstan
| | - Pekka Santtila
- Department of Psychology New York University Shanghai Shanghai China
| | - Edyta Sasin
- Department of Psychology New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Birga M Schumpe
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences University of Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands
| | - Heyla A Selim
- Department of Psychology King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wolfgang Stroebe
- Department of Psychology University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | - Samiah Sultana
- Department of Psychology University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | | | - Eleftheria Tseliou
- Laboratory of Psychology, Department of Early Childhood Education University of Thessaly Volos Greece
| | - Akira Utsugi
- Graduate School of Humanities Nagoya University Nagoya Japan
| | - Jolien A van Breen
- Institute of Governance and Global Affairs Leiden University Leiden Netherlands
| | - Caspar J van Lissa
- Department of Methodology & Statistics Utrecht University Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Kees van Veen
- Sustainable Society University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands
| | | | - Alexandra Vázquez
- Social and Organizational Psychology Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia Madrid Spain
| | - Robin Wollast
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive Université Clermont-Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand France
| | | | - Somayeh Zand
- Department of Psychology Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch Rasht Iran
| | - Iris Lav Žeželj
- Department of Psychology University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Bang Zheng
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London London UK
| | - Andreas Zick
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence (IKG) Bielefeld University Bielefeld Germany
| | - Claudia Zúñiga
- Department of Psychology Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - N Pontus Leander
- Department of Psychology University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands
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15
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Jasko K, Webber D, Molinario E, Kruglanski AW, Touchton-Leonard K. Ideological Extremism Among Syrian Refugees Is Negatively Related to Intentions to Migrate to the West. Psychol Sci 2021; 32:1362-1374. [PMID: 34436937 DOI: 10.1177/0956797621996668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The conflict in Syria created a dire humanitarian situation, as nations around the world struggled with how best to deal with the more than 6.6 million Syrian refugees who fled their homes to escape aggression. Resistance to granting refugee status to individuals often originates in the belief that the influx of refugees endangers national security because of the presumably extremist religious and political beliefs that refugees hold. The present research surveyed Syrian refugees residing in Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, and Iraq (N = 1,000). The results revealed that the majority of surveyed refugees did not intend to migrate to the West and would rather return to their home country. More importantly, refugees most interested in moving to Western countries were the least likely to subscribe to Islamist extremism or to harbor negative sentiment toward the West. Theoretical and practical implications for addressing the current refugee crisis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Webber
- L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs, Virginia Commonwealth University
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16
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van Breen JA, Kutlaca M, Koç Y, Jeronimus BF, Reitsema AM, Jovanović V, Agostini M, Bélanger JJ, Gützkow B, Kreienkamp J, Abakoumkin G, Khaiyom JHA, Ahmedi V, Akkas H, Almenara CA, Atta M, Bagci SC, Basel S, Berisha Kida E, Bernardo ABI, Buttrick NR, Chobthamkit P, Choi HS, Cristea M, Csaba S, Damnjanovic K, Danyliuk I, Dash A, Di Santo D, Douglas KM, Enea V, Faller DG, Fitzsimons G, Gheorghiu A, Gómez Á, Hamaidia A, Han Q, Helmy M, Hudiyana J, Jiang DY, Kamenov Ž, Kende A, Keng SL, Kieu TTT, Kovyazina K, Kozytska I, Krause J, Kruglanski AW, Kurapov A, Lantos NA, Lemay EP, Lesmana CBJ, Louis WR, Lueders A, Malik NI, Martinez A, McCabe K, Mehulić J, Milla MN, Mohammed I, Molinario E, Moyano M, Muhammad H, Mula S, Muluk H, Myroniuk S, Najafi R, Nisa CF, Nyúl B, O'Keefe PA, Olivas Osuna JJ, Osin EN, Park J, Pica G, Pierro A, Rees J, Resta E, Rullo M, Ryan MK, Samekin A, Santtila P, Sasin E, Schumpe BM, Selim HA, Stanton MV, Sultana S, Sutton RM, Tseliou E, Utsugi A, van Lissa CJ, van Veen K, vanDellen MR, Vázquez A, Wollast R, Wai-Lan Yeung V, Zand S, Žeželj IL, Zheng B, Zick A, Zúñiga C, Leander NP. Lockdown Lives: A Longitudinal Study of Inter-Relationships Among Feelings of Loneliness, Social Contacts, and Solidarity During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Early 2020. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 2021; 48:1315-1330. [PMID: 34433352 DOI: 10.1177/01461672211036602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We examine how social contacts and feelings of solidarity shape experiences of loneliness during the COVID-19 lockdown in early 2020. From the PsyCorona database, we obtained longitudinal data from 23 countries, collected between March and May 2020. The results demonstrated that although online contacts help to reduce feelings of loneliness, people who feel more lonely are less likely to use that strategy. Solidarity played only a small role in shaping feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Thus, it seems we must look beyond the current focus on online contact and solidarity to help people address feelings of loneliness during lockdown. Finally, online contacts did not function as a substitute for face-to-face contacts outside the home-in fact, more frequent online contact in earlier weeks predicted more frequent face-to-face contacts in later weeks. As such, this work provides relevant insights into how individuals manage the impact of restrictions on their social lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yasin Koç
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sima Basel
- New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sára Csaba
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ivan Danyliuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Arobindu Dash
- International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ángel Gómez
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Mai Helmy
- Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Anna Kende
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Inna Kozytska
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Anton Kurapov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelle K Ryan
- University of Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Exeter, UK
| | - Adil Samekin
- M. NARIKBAYEV KAZGUU UNIVERSITY, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Edyta Sasin
- New York University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robin Wollast
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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17
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Nisa CF, Bélanger JJ, Faller DG, Buttrick NR, Mierau JO, Austin MMK, Schumpe BM, Sasin EM, Agostini M, Gützkow B, Kreienkamp J, Abakoumkin G, Abdul Khaiyom JH, Ahmedi V, Akkas H, Almenara CA, Atta M, Bagci SC, Basel S, Kida EB, Bernardo ABI, Chobthamkit P, Choi HS, Cristea M, Csaba S, Damnjanović K, Danyliuk I, Dash A, Di Santo D, Douglas KM, Enea V, Fitzsimons G, Gheorghiu A, Gómez Á, Grzymala-Moszczynska J, Hamaidia A, Han Q, Helmy M, Hudiyana J, Jeronimus BF, Jiang DY, Jovanović V, Kamenov Ž, Kende A, Keng SL, Kieu TTT, Koc Y, Kovyazina K, Kozytska I, Krause J, Kruglanski AW, Kurapov A, Kutlaca M, Lantos NA, Lemay EP, Lesmana CBJ, Louis WR, Lueders A, Malik NI, Martinez A, McCabe KO, Mehulić J, Milla MN, Mohammed I, Molinario E, Moyano M, Muhammad H, Mula S, Muluk H, Myroniuk S, Najafi R, Nyúl B, O'Keefe PA, Osuna JJO, Osin EN, Park J, Pica G, Pierro A, Rees J, Reitsema AM, Resta E, Rullo M, Ryan MK, Samekin A, Santtila P, Selim HA, Stanton MV, Sultana S, Sutton RM, Tseliou E, Utsugi A, van Breen JA, Van Lissa CJ, Van Veen K, vanDellen MR, Vázquez A, Wollast R, Yeung VWL, Zand S, Žeželj IL, Zheng B, Zick A, Zúñiga C, Leander NP. Lives versus Livelihoods? Perceived economic risk has a stronger association with support for COVID-19 preventive measures than perceived health risk. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9669. [PMID: 33958617 PMCID: PMC8102566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper examines whether compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures is motivated by wanting to save lives or save the economy (or both), and which implications this carries to fight the pandemic. National representative samples were collected from 24 countries (N = 25,435). The main predictors were (1) perceived risk to contract coronavirus, (2) perceived risk to suffer economic losses due to coronavirus, and (3) their interaction effect. Individual and country-level variables were added as covariates in multilevel regression models. We examined compliance with various preventive health behaviors and support for strict containment policies. Results show that perceived economic risk consistently predicted mitigation behavior and policy support-and its effects were positive. Perceived health risk had mixed effects. Only two significant interactions between health and economic risk were identified-both positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia F Nisa
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO BOX 129188, Saadiyat Island, UAE.
| | - Jocelyn J Bélanger
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO BOX 129188, Saadiyat Island, UAE
| | - Daiane G Faller
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO BOX 129188, Saadiyat Island, UAE
| | | | | | | | | | - Edyta M Sasin
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO BOX 129188, Saadiyat Island, UAE
| | | | - Ben Gützkow
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sima Basel
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO BOX 129188, Saadiyat Island, UAE
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sára Csaba
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Ivan Danyliuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Violeta Enea
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | | | | | - Ángel Gómez
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Qing Han
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mai Helmy
- Menoufia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Kende
- Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Yasin Koc
- University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Inna Kozytska
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Anton Kurapov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reza Najafi
- Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Evgeny N Osin
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Jonas Rees
- Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Adil Samekin
- International Islamic Academy of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robin Wollast
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Somayeh Zand
- Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Rasht, Iran
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18
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Abstract
Whereas the COVID-19 pandemic induces in people both uncertainty and angst, the latter may not be a direct consequence of uncertainty as such, but rather of the possible negative outcomes whose subjective certainty increased under the pandemic. From this perspective, we discuss the psychological determinants of people’s reactions to the pandemic and their modes of self-affirmation in response to pandemic-implied threats. Those reactions are guided by value-oriented narratives that may variously drive people’s pro- and anti-social behaviors during the pandemic.
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19
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20
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Abstract
The authors outline a psychological model of extremism and analyze violent extremism as a special case of it. Their significance quest theory identifies 3 general drivers of violent extremism: need, narrative, and network. The theory asserts that the need for personal significance—the desire to matter, to “be someone,” and to have meaning in one's life—is the dominant need that underlies violent extremism. A violence-justifying ideological narrative contributes to radicalization by delineating a collective cause that can earn an individual the significance and meaning he or she desires, as well as an appropriate means with which to pursue that cause. Lastly, a network of people who subscribe to that narrative leads individuals to perceive the violence-justifying narrative as cognitively accessible and morally acceptable. The authors describe empirical evidence for the theory, which was tested on a wide variety of samples across different cultures and geopolitical contexts. They go on to offer a general road map to guide efforts to counter and prevent violent extremism in its various forms.
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21
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Kruglanski AW, Fishbach A, Woolley K, Bélanger JJ, Chernikova M, Molinario E, Pierro A. A structural model of intrinsic motivation: On the psychology of means-ends fusion. Psychol Rev 2018; 125:165-182. [DOI: 10.1037/rev0000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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