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Adams F, Pschenitza M, Rieger B. Yttrium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Bipyridine‐Functionalized AB‐Block Copolymers: Micellar Support for Photocatalytic Active Rhenium‐Complexes. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Adams
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - M. Pschenitza
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - B. Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
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Casanova F, Adingupu DD, Adams F, Gooding KM, Looker HC, Aizawa K, Dove F, Elyas S, Belch JJF, Gates PE, Littleford RC, Gilchrist M, Colhoun HM, Shore AC, Khan F, Strain WD. The impact of cardiovascular co-morbidities and duration of diabetes on the association between microvascular function and glycaemic control. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:114. [PMID: 28915818 PMCID: PMC5603035 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Good glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) protects the microcirculation. Current guidelines suggest glycaemic targets be relaxed in advanced diabetes. We explored whether disease duration or pre-existing macrovascular complications attenuated the association between hyperglycaemia and microvascular function. METHODS 743 participants with T2DM (n = 222), cardiovascular disease (CVD = 183), both (n = 177) or neither (controls = 161) from two centres in the UK, underwent standard clinical measures and endothelial dependent (ACh) and independent (SNP) microvascular function assessment using laser Doppler imaging. RESULTS People with T2DM and CVD had attenuated ACh and SNP responses compared to controls. This was additive in those with both (ANOVA p < 0.001). In regression models, cardiovascular risk factors accounted for attenuated ACh and SNP responses in CVD, whereas HbA1c accounted for the effects of T2DM. HbA1c was associated with ACh and SNP response after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors (adjusted standardised beta (β) -0.096, p = <0.008 and -0.135, p < 0.001, respectively). Pre-existing CVD did not modify this association (β -0.099; p = 0.006 and -0.138; p < 0.001, respectively). Duration of diabetes accounted for the association between HbA1c and ACh (β -0.043; p = 0.3), but not between HbA1c and SNP (β -0.105; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In those with T2DM and CVD, good glycaemic control is still associated with better microvascular function, whereas in those with prolonged disease this association is lost. This suggests duration of diabetes may be a better surrogate for "advanced disease" than concomitant CVD, although this requires prospective validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Casanova
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - D D Adingupu
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - F Adams
- Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - K M Gooding
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - H C Looker
- Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - K Aizawa
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - F Dove
- Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - S Elyas
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - J J F Belch
- Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - P E Gates
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - R C Littleford
- Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - M Gilchrist
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - H M Colhoun
- Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - A C Shore
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK
| | - F Khan
- Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - W D Strain
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Rd, Exeter, EX2 5AX, UK.
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Adams F, Qiu T, Fritz B, Pollak S, Miernik A, Wetterauer U, Fischer P. 358 Experimental 3D-printed kidney model based on medical imaging data of human cadavers for educational and surgery planning purposes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(16)60360-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Adams F, Altenbuchner PT, Werz PDL, Rieger B. Multiresponsive micellar block copolymers from 2-vinylpyridine and dialkylvinylphosphonates with a tunable lower critical solution temperature. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17160e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailor-made, multi-responsive micellar AB and ABB′ block copolymers show a pH-sensitivity and a tunable LCST within an expanded temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Adams
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - P. T. Altenbuchner
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - P. D. L. Werz
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - B. Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
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Shore AC, Colhoun HM, Natali A, Palombo C, Östling G, Aizawa K, Kennbäck C, Casanova F, Persson M, Gooding K, Gates PE, Khan F, Looker HC, Adams F, Belch J, Pinnoli S, Venturi E, Morizzo C, Goncalves I, Ladenvall C, Nilsson J. Measures of atherosclerotic burden are associated with clinically manifest cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a European cross-sectional study. J Intern Med 2015; 278:291-302. [PMID: 25752315 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to develop and validate surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in subjects with diabetes. The macrovascular changes associated with diabetes include aggravated atherosclerosis, increased arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine which of these factors is most strongly associated with clinically manifest cardiovascular events. METHODS Vascular changes were measured in a cohort of 458 subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke or lower extremity arterial disease), 527 subjects with T2D but without clinically manifest CVD and 515 subjects without T2D and with or without CVD. RESULTS Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and ankle-brachial pressure index were independently associated with the presence of CVD in subjects with T2D, whereas pulse wave velocity and endothelial function provided limited independent additive information. Measurement of IMT in the carotid bulb provided better discrimination of the presence of CVD in subjects with T2D than measurement of IMT in the common carotid artery. The factors most significantly associated with increased carotid IMT in T2D were age, disease duration, systolic blood pressure, impaired renal function and increased arterial stiffness, whereas there were no or weak independent associations with metabolic factors and endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Measures of atherosclerotic burden are associated with clinically manifest CVD in subjects with T2D. In addition, vascular changes that are not directly related to known metabolic risk factors are important in the development of both atherosclerosis and CVD in T2D. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved is crucial for enabling better identification of CVD risk in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Shore
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - H M Colhoun
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - A Natali
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Palombo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Östling
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Aizawa
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - C Kennbäck
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - F Casanova
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - M Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Gooding
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - P E Gates
- Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School and NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Exeter, UK
| | - F Khan
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - H C Looker
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - F Adams
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J Belch
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - S Pinnoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Venturi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Morizzo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Goncalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C Ladenvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Affiliation(s)
- F Adams
- Division of Neuropsychiatric Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Witham MD, Adams F, McSwiggan S, Kennedy G, Kabir G, Belch JJF, Khan F. Effect of intermittent vitamin D3 on vascular function and symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome--a randomised controlled trial. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:287-294. [PMID: 25455721 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are common in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome; such patients also manifest impaired vascular health. We tested whether high-dose intermittent oral vitamin D therapy improved markers of vascular health and fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS Parallel-group, double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome according to the Fukuda (1994) and Canadian (2003) criteria were randomised to receive 100,000 units oral vitamin D3 or matching placebo every 2 months for 6 months. The primary outcome was arterial stiffness measured using carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery, blood pressure, cholesterol, insulin resistance, markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, and the Piper Fatigue scale. As many as 50 participants were randomised; mean age 49 (SD 13) years, mean baseline pulse wave velocity 7.8 m/s (SD 2.3), mean baseline office blood pressure 128/78 (18/12) mmHg and mean baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D level 46 (18) nmol/L. 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels increased by 22 nmol/L at 6 months in the treatment group relative to placebo. There was no effect of treatment on pulse wave velocity at 6 months (adjusted treatment effect 0.0 m/s; 95% CI -0.6 to 0.6; p = 0.93). No improvement was seen in other vascular and metabolic outcomes, or in the Piper Fatigue scale at 6 months (adjusted treatment effect 0.2 points; 95% CI -0.8 to 1.2; p = 0.73). CONCLUSION High-dose oral vitamin D3 did not improve markers of vascular health or fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.controlled-trials.com, ISRCTN59927814.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Witham
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK.
| | - F Adams
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - S McSwiggan
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - G Kennedy
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - G Kabir
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - J J F Belch
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - F Khan
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
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Adams F, Bellairs G, Bird AR, Oguntibeju OO. Biochemical storage lesions occurring in nonirradiated and irradiated red blood cells: a brief review. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:968302. [PMID: 25710038 PMCID: PMC4325969 DOI: 10.1155/2015/968302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells undergo a series of biochemical fluctuations during 35-42-day storage period at 1°C to 6°C. The sodium/potassium pump is immobilised causing a decrease in intracellular potassium with an increase in cytoplasmic sodium levels, glucose levels decline, and acidosis occurs as a result of low pH levels. The frailty of stored erythrocytes triggers the formation of haemoglobin-containing microparticles and the release of cell-free haemoglobin which may add to transfusion difficulties. Lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress to band 3 structures, and other morphological and structural molecular changes also occur leading to spheroechinocytes and osmotic fragility. These changes that transpire in the red cells during the storage period are referred to as "storage lesions." It is well documented that gamma irradiation exacerbates storage lesions and the reports of increased potassium levels leading to adverse reactions observed in neonates and infants have been of particular concern. There are, however, remarkably few systematic studies comparing the in vitro storage lesions of irradiated and nonirradiated red cell concentrates and it has been suggested that the impact of storage lesions on leucocyte reduced red blood cell concentrate (RBCC) is incomplete. The review examines storage lesions in red blood cells and their adverse effects in reference to blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Adams
- Training Department, Western Province Blood Transfusion Service, Cape Town 7450, South Africa
| | - G. Bellairs
- Western Province Blood Transfusion Service, Cape Town 7450, South Africa
| | - A. R. Bird
- Western Province Blood Transfusion Service, Cape Town 7450, South Africa
| | - O. O. Oguntibeju
- Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
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Altenbuchner PT, Adams F, Kronast A, Herdtweck E, Pöthig A, Rieger B. Stereospecific catalytic precision polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine via rare earth metal-mediated group transfer polymerization with 2-methoxyethylamino-bis(phenolate)-yttrium complexes. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01146a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C
1-Symmetric 2-methoxyethylamino-bis(phenolate)-yttrium complexes for the stereospecific polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. T. Altenbuchner
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - F. Adams
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - A. Kronast
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - E. Herdtweck
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - A. Pöthig
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry/Molecular Catalysis
- Catalysis Research Center
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - B. Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85748 Garching bei München
- Germany
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Magdysyuk OV, Adams F, Liermann HP, Spanopoulos I, Trikalitis PN, Hirscher M, Morris RE, Duncan MJ, McCormick LJ, Dinnebier RE. Understanding the adsorption mechanism of noble gases Kr and Xe in CPO-27-Ni, CPO-27-Mg, and ZIF-8. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23908-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03298e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Harris T, Kerry S, Victor C, Ekelund U, Woodcock A, Iliffe S, Whincup P, Beighton C, Ussher M, Limb E, David L, Brewin D, Adams F, Rogers A, Cook D. OP03 Does a complex intervention by primary care nurses increase walking in 60–75 year olds? Outcomes at three and twelve months from the PACE-Lift (Pedometer Accelerometer Consultation Evaluation – Lift) cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Soc Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204726.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Luedtke A, Boschmann M, Colpe C, Engeli S, Adams F, Birkenfeld AL, Haufe S, Rahn G, Luft FC, Schmidt HHJ, Jordan J. Thiazolidinedione response in familial lipodystrophy patients with LMNA mutations: a case series. Horm Metab Res 2012; 44:306-11. [PMID: 22274718 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1301284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD2) patients show impaired glucose and lipid metabolism resulting from lipodystrophic 'lipid pressure' and an intrinsic defect in skeletal muscle metabolism. Since mutated lamin A may interfere with peroxisome proliferator activator gamma (PPARγ) expression, we hypothesized that PPARγ stimulation improves fat distribution and metabolic abnormalities in these patients. 5 nondiabetic FPLD2 patients were treated with rosiglitazone over 12 months. We assessed body composition, body fat distribution, and skinfold thickness/subcutaneous tissue thickness. We also determined venous glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations, and respiratory quotient (RQ) before and during oral glucose tolerance testing. Adipose tissue and muscle fasting and postprandial metabolism were studied by microdialysis. Within 12 months treatment, hip circumference increased from 93.6±2.78 cm to 96.2±2.3 cm (p<0.05). Rosiglitazone reduced fasting glucose levels and liver transaminases. Baseline and postprandial FFA concentrations were significantly lower after 12 months treatment. RQ and muscle interstitial pyruvate and lactate did not respond to treatment. We conclude that PPARγ stimulation with rosiglitazone modestly improves glucose metabolism in FPLD2 patients presumably through proximal adipose tissue expansion. The intrinsic muscular metabolic defect does not respond to rosiglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luedtke
- Departments of Medicine and Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Rosser RJ, Feder R, Ng A, Adams F, Caldarolo M, Celliers P, Cheng PC, Silva L, Parfeniuk D, Speer RJ. Biological specimens imaged by soft x-ray contact microscopy using a plasma source produced with a laboratory sized laser. J Microsc 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1986.tb02792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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van Espen P, Adams F, Maenhaut W. Analysis of Size-Fractionated Air Particulate Matter by Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bscb.19810900406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Adams F, Venkatesh B. Biomarkers of Acute Kidney Injury in Critical Illness. Intensive Care Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-92278-2_56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Adams F, Liu XD. Characterization of three atmospheric aerosol episodes at a coastal site in China: Implications for regional transport of air pollution. Eur Phys J Conferences 2009. [DOI: 10.1140/epjconf/e2009-00922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Dams R, Vanderborght B, Adams F. Experimental investigation of the atmospheric dispersion of antimony containing particulates around a non‐ferrous plant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09593338209384136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gottschalk S, Adams F, Luft FC, Jordan J, Boschmann M. Insulin-ähnliche Effekte im Skelettmuskel durch Wassertrinken. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Belykh SF, Palitsin VV, Veryovkin IV, Kovarsky AP, Chang RJH, Adriaens A, Dowsett MG, Adams F. New Cs sputter ion source with polyatomic ion beams for secondary ion mass spectrometry applications. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:085101. [PMID: 17764349 DOI: 10.1063/1.2761021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A simple design for a cesium sputter ion source compatible with vacuum and ion-optical systems as well as with electronics of the commercially available Cameca IMS-4f instrument is reported. This ion source has been tested with the cluster primary ions of Si(n)(-) and Cu(n)(-). Our experiments with surface characterization and depth profiling conducted to date demonstrate improvements of the analytical capabilities of the secondary ion mass spectrometry instrument due to the nonadditive enhancement of secondary ion emission and shorter ion ranges of polyatomic projectiles compared to atomic ones with the same impact energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Belykh
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Warwick Conventry, UK
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Adams F, Boschmann M, Schaller K, Franke G, Gorzelniak K, Janke J, Klaus S, Luft FC, Heer M, Jordan J. Tyramine in the assessment of regional adrenergic function. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 72:1724-9. [PMID: 17027670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Regional adrenergic function is difficult to assess in humans. Tyramine given through a microdialysis probe may be a useful tool in this regard. However, tyramine data is hard to interpret given the drug's complex mode of action. We characterized the response to tyramine, isoproterenol, and dopamine in adipose tissue with microdialysis probes in normal subjects. We measured glycerol concentrations to follow changes in lipolysis and monitored tissue perfusion with ethanol dilution. During perfusion with tyramine, dialysate glycerol concentration increased dose-dependently from 83+/-8 microM at baseline to 181+/-18 microM at 3.5 mM tyramine (p<0.001) followed by a fall down to 121+/-9 microM at 35 mM tyramine (p<0.001). Propranolol almost completely blocked this response. A similar lipolytic response was not observed in isolated human adipocytes. Dopamine <35 microM did not replicate the tyramine-induced lipolysis; however, dopamine >35 microM potently inhibited lipolysis. We conclude that tyramine-induced lipolysis is explained by a pre-synaptic mechanism. Tyramine applied through a microdialysis probe in concentrations up to 3.5 mM can be used to assess pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms regulating lipid mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Adams
- Universitary Medicine, Charité Campus Buch, Franz-Volhard Clinical Research Center and HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.
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Boschmann M, Kreuzberg U, Engeli S, Adams F, Franke G, Klaua S, Scholze J, Weidinger G, Luft FC, Sharma AM, Jordan J. The effect of oral glucose loads on tissue metabolism during angiotensin II receptor and beta-receptor blockade in obese hypertensive subjects. Horm Metab Res 2006; 38:323-9. [PMID: 16718629 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-925406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AT1 receptor blockers and ACE inhibitors decrease the risk for new onset diabetes mellitus. The phenomenon could be related to a direct angiotensin II effect on tissue metabolism. To address the issue, we recruited eighteen obese hypertensive patients. Patients were randomized to double-blind treatment with either valsartan (n = 8) or atenolol (n = 10) for thirteen weeks. They underwent an oral glucose tolerance test before and during active treatment, while metabolism was monitored through subcutaneous and intramuscular microdialysis and indirect calorimetry. After glucose ingestion, venous glucose and insulin concentrations increased rapidly while systemic free fatty acid concentrations were suppressed. Dialysate glucose and lactate concentrations increased briskly in adipose tissue and in skeletal muscle. Dialysate glycerol decreased profoundly in both tissues. Respiratory quotient increased markedly after glucose ingestion. These responses were identical at baseline and during active treatment either drug. We conclude that AT1 receptor blockade in obese hypertensive patients has no effect on interstitial glucose supply, lipolysis, and substrate oxidation. One possible explanation is that angiotensin II levels in obese hypertensives are not sufficient to elicit the metabolic changes that have been observed after direct angiotensin II application. The exact mechanism by which inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system decreases the diabetes risk remains unresolved and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boschmann
- Franz-Volhard Clinical Research Center, Charité Campus Buch and HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Blood flow in subcutaneous adipose tissue is reduced in obese compared to lean subjects. Limitations in vascular supply might interfere with adipose tissue function as a metabolic and endocrine organ. We tested the hypothesis that nutritive blood flow and tissue metabolism depends on subcutaneous adipose tissue thickness even in normal-weight subjects. Sixteen young, healthy, normal-weight subjects (8 men, 8 women) were included in the study. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose thickness was assessed by skin-fold measurements. The microdialysis technique was applied for monitoring basal adipose tissue blood flow (ethanol dilution technique) and metabolism. An increase in skin-fold thickness from 15 to 45 mm and from 8 to 37 mm was associated with a linear increase in basal ethanol ratio from 0.19 to 0.63 and 0.25 to 0.75 and linear decreases in dialysate glucose concentrations from 1.95 to 0.24 mM and 1.68 to 0.29 mM, and 152 to 42 microM and 172 to 49 microM for glycerol concentrations in men and women, respectively (p < 0.05). Isoproterenol-stimulated blood flow also inversely correlated to skin-fold thickness (p < 0.05). We conclude that increased adipose tissue thickness is associated with reduced tissue perfusion and metabolism, even in lean subjects. Skin-fold thickness is an important confounding variable in metabolic studies, particularly in microdialysis experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Adams
- Franz Volhard Clinic, Clinical Research Center and HELIOS Klinikum Berlin, Charité Campus Buch, Universitary Medicine Berlin, Wiltbergstrasse 50, Hs. 129, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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Chtaïb M, Peremans A, Novis Y, Caudano R, Butaye L, Adams F, Lutgen P, Feyder G. Water interactions in Al/PET. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.740151007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Scheinkestel CD, Adams F, Mahony L, Bailey M, Davies AR, Nyulasi I, Tuxen DV. Impact of increasing parenteral protein loads on amino acid levels and balance in critically ill anuric patients on continuous renal replacement therapy. Nutrition 2003; 19:733-40. [PMID: 12921882 DOI: 10.1016/s0899-9007(03)00107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We wanted to establish optimum protein and glucose intakes during total parenteral nutrition by using a constant caloric but changing protein intake in critically ill, ventilated, anuric patients on continuous renal replacement therapy and measuring amino acid and glucose losses across the hemofilter. METHODS Eleven consecutive, critically ill patients (eight male, age, 43.5 +/- 21.8 y; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, 20.5 +/- 7.0; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation risk of death: 36.5% +/- 23.0 and 6 +/- 1 impaired organ systems) entered this study. Patients were fed by continuous infusion of a total parenteral mixture consisting of Synthamin (a mixture of essential and non-essential amino acids), 50% dextrose, and intralipid (long-chain triglycerides) to meet caloric requirements as predicted by Schofield's equation corrected by stress factors. The amount of protein infused was varied (1 to 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1)) by increments of 0.25 g. kg(-1). d(-1). Patients were stabilized on each feeding regimen for at least 24 h before paired samples of blood and dialysate were taken for amino acid and glucose measurements. Continuous renal replacement therapy was performed by using a blood pump with a blood flow of 100 to 175 mL/min. Dialysate was pumped in and out counter-currently to the blood flow at 2 L/h. A biocompatible polyacrylonitrile hemofilter was used in all cases. RESULTS With protein intakes below 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1), blood levels of 14% to 57% of the measured amino acids were below the lower limits of the normal range. At 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1), all measured amino acids were within the normal range. Amino acid balance became more positive as protein input increased (P = 0.0001). Glucose and amino acid losses were dependent on blood concentration. Overall, 17% (range, 13% to 24%) of infused amino acids and 4% of infused glucose were lost in the dialysate. CONCLUSIONS This study of critically ill, ventilated, anuric patients on continuous renal replacement therapy suggested that increases in protein and glucose are required to account for the increased losses across the hemofilter. A protein intake of 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1) appeared to optimize nitrogen balance and correct amino acid deficiencies.
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Jones KW, Feng H, Lindquist WB, Adler PM, Thovert JF, Vekemans B, Vincze L, Szaloki I, Van Grieken R, Adams F, Riekel C. Study of the microgeometry of porous materials using synchrotron computed microtomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1144/gsl.sp.2003.215.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA series of measurements of the structure of a variety of porous materials has been made using synchrotron computed microtomography (SCMT). The work was carried out at the Brookhaven National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS), the Argonne Advanced Photon Source (APS) and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). The experiments at Brookhaven and Argonne were carried out on bending magnet beam lines using area detectors to obtain CT images based on determination of X-ray absorption coefficients. The work at the ESRF used an undulator beam line, a 13 KeV pencil X-ray beam of 2 µm and an energy dispersive X-ray detector to make tomographic sections of trace element distributions by X-ray fluorescence tomography. Most of the work was done with a pixel/voxel size ranging from 0.002 to 0.010 mm. We examined the structure of unconsolidated estuarine sediments, whose structure is relevant to transport of contaminants in rivers and estuaries. Fluorescent tomography with 2–3 µm resolution was used to ascertain whether or not metals were concentrated on the surface or throughout the volume of a single sediment particle. Sandstone samples were investigated to obtain a set of values describing their microstructures that could be useful in fluid flow calculations relevant to petroleum recovery or transport of environmental contaminants. Measurements were also made on sandstone samples that had been subjected to high-pressure compression to investigate the relation between the microgeometry and the magnitude of the applied pressure. Finally, a Wood’s metal-filled sample was scanned for demonstration of resolution enhancement and fluid flow studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. W. Jones
- Laboratory for Earth and Environmental Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - H. Feng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University
Upper Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA
| | - W. B. Lindquist
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, State University of New York
Stony Brook, New York 11794-3600, USA
| | - P. M. Adler
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | - B. Vekemans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp
B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - L. Vincze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp
B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - I. Szaloki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp
B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - R. Van Grieken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp
B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - F. Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp
B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - C. Riekel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
BP 220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
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De Ryck I, Adriaens A, Pantos E, Adams F. A comparison of microbeam techniques for the analysis of corroded ancient bronze objects. Analyst 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b303588c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the regulation of adipocyte growth and differentiation. We studied the influence of age, body weight, total body fat content, anatomical localization, and diet on the expression of angiotensinogen (AGT) and angiotensin II type 1 (AT 1 )-receptor genes in white adipose tissue of normal and postnatal overfed rats. Relative gene expression was measured in epididymal adipose tissue and liver of control and postnatal overfed (PNO) rats at the age of 4, 8, and 12 weeks using real time RT-PCR. Body fat content was determined by carcass analysis. Body weight and body fat content were only significantly greater in PNO rats when compared to control rats at the age of 4 weeks. At the age of 12 weeks, AGT expression was significantly decreased in both tissues. Furthermore, expression of the AT 1 -receptor gene was significantly decreased in liver but not in adipose tissue at 12 weeks of age. Postnatal overfeeding did not influence the expression levels of either gene at any time-point in either liver or adipose tissue. At the age of 24 weeks, AGT expression was significantly greater in epididymal than in subcutaneous adipose tissue, whereas no site-specific differences could be found for the AT 1 -receptor. We conclude that age and depot-specific mechanisms are of more importance for the expression of AGT and AT 1 -receptor genes during the first 12 weeks of age than a short period of overfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Adams
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany.
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Abstract
Angiotensin II is synthesized locally in various tissues. However, the role of interstitial angiotensin II in the regulation of regional metabolism and tissue perfusion has not as yet been clearly defined. We characterized the effect of interstially applied angiotensin II in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of young, normal-weight, healthy men (n = 8) and women (n = 6) using the microdialysis technique. Adipose tissue was perfused with 0.01, 0.1, and 1 micro M angiotensin II. Dialysate concentrations of ethanol, glycerol, glucose, and lactate were measured to assess changes in blood flow (ethanol dilution technique), lipolysis, and glycolysis, respectively. Baseline ethanol ratio and dialysate lactate were both significantly higher, whereas dialysate glucose was significantly lower in men vs. women. In men, ethanol ratio and dialysate glucose, lactate and glycerol did not change significantly during perfusion with angiotensin II. In women, however, angiotensin II induced a significant increase in ethanol ratio and dialysate lactate and a decrease in dialysate glucose close to values found for men and this response was almost maximal at the lowest angiotensin II concentration used. Dialysate glycerol did not change significantly. We conclude that baseline blood flow and glucose supply and metabolism is significantly higher in women than in men. In men, interstitial Ang II has only a minimal effect on adipose tissue blood flow and metabolism. In women, however, a high physiological concentration of interstitial angiotensin II can reduce blood flow down to values found in men. This is associated with an impaired glucose supply and metabolism. Additionally, Ang II inhibits lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boschmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany.
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Van Espen P, Van't Dack L, Adams F, Van Grieken R. Effective sample weight from scatter peaks in energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence. Anal Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ac50043a042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Van Craen M, Natusch DFS, Adams F. Quantitative surface analysis of steel furnace dust particles by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ac00248a029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Vincze L, Somogyi A, Osan J, Vekemans B, Torok S, Janssens K, Adams F. Quantitative trace element analysis of individual fly ash particles by means of X-ray microfluorescence. Anal Chem 2002; 74:1128-35. [PMID: 11924974 DOI: 10.1021/ac010789b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new quantification procedure was developed for the evaluation of X-ray microfluorescence (XRF) data sets obtained from individual particles, based on iterative Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Combined with the high sensitivity of synchrotron radiation-induced XRF spectroscopy, the method was used to obtain quantitative information down to trace-level concentrations from micrometer-sized particulate matter. The detailed XRF simulation model was validated by comparison of calculated and experimental XRF spectra obtained for glass microsphere standards, resulting in uncertainties in the range of 3-10% for the calculated elemental sensitivities. The simulation model was applied for the quantitative analysis of X-ray tube and synchrotron radiation-induced scanning micro-XRF spectra of individual coal and wood fly ash particles originating from different Hungarian power plants. By measuring the same particles by both methods the major, minor, and trace element compositions of the particles were determined. The uncertainty of the MC based quantitative analysis scheme is estimated to be in the range of 5-30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vincze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp (UIA), Belgium
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McCann MP, Calaway WF, Pellin MJ, Veryovkin IV, Constantinides I, Adriaens A, Adams F. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization/secondary neutral mass spectrometry and cesium attachment secondary ion mass spectrometry of bronze: a comparison. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Boschmann M, Adams F, Klaus S. In situ metabolic and hemodynamic response to dexfenfluramine in white adipose tissue of rats. Ann Nutr Metab 2001; 45:24-9. [PMID: 11244184 DOI: 10.1159/000046702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonergic neurons are included in the regulation of eating behavior and energy metabolism. Dexfenfluramine (DF), a serotonin releaser and reuptake inhibitor, is known to reduce food intake and body weight and to improve the metabolic profile of obese subjects with and without metabolic complications such as type 2 diabetes. Due to cases of valvular heart diseases, DF was withdrawn from the market in 1997. However, serotonergic drugs are still used in clinical practice. We studied the hemodynamic and metabolic changes induced by in situ perfusion of inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of normal-weight rats with either 1 microM isoproterenol (IP) or 5 microM DF using the microdialysis technique. Perfusion of SAT with IP resulted in an increase in blood flow (+25%) and lipolysis (+35%) when compared to baseline. In contrast to that, perfusion of SAT with DF resulted in a decrease in blood flow (-25%) and lipolysis (-35%). Additionally, dialysate glucose was decreased and dialysate lactate was increased during perfusion with DF, indicating stimulation of glucose uptake and the glycolytic pathway. It is concluded that DF reduces blood flow and lipolysis whereas it stimulates the glycolytic pathway in SAT and that this could contribute to the positive metabolic outcome, i.e., lowered blood lipids and fat mass of DF-treated obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boschmann
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam, Germany.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility (i.e., positive and negative predictive value) of the 7 Minute Screen in identifying patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a primary care practice. A second objective was to estimate the number of undiagnosed AD patients in a typical primary care practice. METHODS One hundred thirty-seven successive admissions (96%) of patients over the age of 60 to a primary care practice over a 53-day period who completed informed consent documents were administered the 7 Minute Screen. All patients who screened positive (n = 13) and a random sample of those who screened negative (n = 26) returned for full diagnostic evaluation. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the 7 Minute Screen were determined using the criterion standard of clinical diagnosis established by examination, history, and laboratory studies. Test-retest reliability and time for administration were also determined. RESULTS Of the 137 patients evaluated, 13 screened positive and 124 screened negative. Eleven of the 13 patients who screened positive were willing to return to the primary care practice for follow-up evaluation. A random sample of 26 patients who screened negative all agreed to return for follow-up evaluation. Of the 11 patients who screened positive and who returned for evaluation, 10 were subsequently diagnosed with probable AD. The remaining patient was diagnosed with mixed dementia. The caregivers of the two patients who refused to return were contacted and both indicated that the patients were having significant cognitive problems as verified by an activities of daily living scale. Of the 26 patients who screened negative, 25 were judged to be cognitively normal and the 26th was judged to have mild cognitive impairment. DISCUSSION In successive admissions of patients over the age of 60 in a primary care practice, the 7 Minute Screen showed a PPV of 91% and an NPV of 96% in identifying patients who were subsequently identified with AD or other dementing disorder. These data suggest that this may be a useful instrument in identifying patients who should undergo diagnostic evaluation for AD and other dementing disorders. Additionally, extrapolation from the data in this practice suggests that there may be between 75 and 100 AD patients in the typical primary care practice, many of whom may not be diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Solomon
- Department of Psychology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts 01267, USA.
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Benkhedda K, Infante HG, Ivanova E, Adams F. Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric determination of cobalt in biological samples and natural waters using a flow injection system with on-line preconcentration by ion-pair adsorption in a knotted reactor. Fresenius J Anal Chem 2000; 368:288-92. [PMID: 11220594 DOI: 10.1007/s002160000419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An on-line flow injection preconcentration-ETAAS method is developed for trace determination of cobalt in biological materials and natural samples by ion-pair sorption on the inner walls of a PTFE knotted reactor. The ion-pair is formed between the negatively charged cobalt-nitroso-R-salt complex and the tetrabutylammonium counter-ion. An enhancement factor of 15, a sampling frequency of 17 and a concentration efficiency of 4 are obtained for a preconcentration time of 60 s and a sample loading flow rate of 5 mL min(-1). The detection limit (3sigma) is 5 ng L(-1). The relative standard deviation at the 0.2 microg L(-1) level is 2.3%. The analytical results obtained for standard reference materials are in good agreement with the certified or indicated values and satisfactory recoveries of spiked cobalt in tap water are obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Benkhedda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Adams F. "N of 1": a respectable pedigree. J Nucl Med 1999; 40:2130-1. [PMID: 10616901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
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Blum S, Moore AN, Adams F, Dash PK. A mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in the CA1/CA2 subfield of the dorsal hippocampus is essential for long-term spatial memory. J Neurosci 1999; 19:3535-44. [PMID: 10212313 PMCID: PMC6782236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral, biophysical, and pharmacological studies have implicated the hippocampus in the formation and storage of spatial memory. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying long-term spatial memory are poorly understood. In this study, we show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, also called ERK) is activated in the dorsal, but not the ventral, hippocampus of rats after training in a spatial memory task, the Morris water maze. The activation was expressed as enhanced phosphorylation of MAPK in the pyramidal neurons of the CA1/CA2 subfield. In contrast, no increase in the percentage of phospho-MAPK-positive cells was detected in either the CA3 subfield or the dentate gyrus. The enhanced phosphorylation was observed only after multiple training trials but not after a single trial or after multiple trials in which the location of the target platform was randomly changed between each trial. Inhibition of the MAPK/ERK cascade in dorsal hippocampi did not impair acquisition, but blocked the formation of long-term spatial memory. In contrast, intrahippocampal infusion of SB203580, a specific inhibitor of the stress-activated MAPK (p38 MAPK), did not interfere with memory storage. These results demonstrate a MAPK-mediated cellular event in the CA1/CA2 subfields of the dorsal hippocampus that is critical for long-term spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blum
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, W. M. Keck Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, The University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Cornelis R, Camara C, Ebdon L, Pitts L, Welz B, Morabito R, Donard O, Crews H, Larsen EH, Neidhart B, Ariese F, Rosenberg E, Mathé D, Morrison GM, Cordier G, Adams F, Van Doren P, Marshall J, Stojanik B, Ekvall A, Quevauviller P. Introduction to the EU-network on trace element speciation: preparing for the 21 st century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/s002160051218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Nursing development units (NDUs) are ideal centres for the critical examination of clinical nursing practice. In addition, staff are enabled to clarify appropriate and effective methods of care and interventions based on evidence to date (Department of Health (DoH), 1993, 1998; English National Board (ENB), 1996, 1997; Centre for Policy in Nursing Research, 1997). In July 1996, the staff within the cardiology NDU at Addenbrooke's NHS Trust looked at the potential for various projects that were central to practice. One concerned the management of urinary catheters. A pilot study was initiated, one outcome of which was the design of a project checklist based on Sackett et al's definition of evidence-based practice (EBP) (Sackett et al, 1997). In this article, the aims and intentions of the project are evaluated in relation to the problems associated with implementing evidence. In addition, the framework of the White Paper (DoH, 1998) is examined against the need for an organizational Infrastructure, which is required to enable achievement of the outcomes of EBP. The benefits of the project are outlined, both in the changes to practice and for the unit. Recommendations for other professionals are also offered, as there are few recorded experiences in the literature of implementation of EBP, the process framework required and the costs involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Adams
- Homerton College, Central Nursing Department, Addenbrooke's NHS Trust Hospital, Cambridge
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Ivanova E, Adams F. Flow injection on-line sorption preconcentration of platinum in a knotted reactor coupled with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/s002160050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Paneli M, Rosenberg E, Grasserbauer M, Ceulemans M, Adams F. Assessment of organolead species in the Austrian Danube-basin using GC-MIP-AED. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s002160050244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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