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Sallée JB, Abrahamsen EP, Allaigre C, Auger M, Ayres H, Badhe R, Boutin J, Brearley JA, de Lavergne C, ten Doeschate AMM, Droste ES, du Plessis MD, Ferreira D, Giddy IS, Gülk B, Gruber N, Hague M, Hoppema M, Josey SA, Kanzow T, Kimmritz M, Lindeman MR, Llanillo PJ, Lucas NS, Madec G, Marshall DP, Meijers AJS, Meredith MP, Mohrmann M, Monteiro PMS, Mosneron Dupin C, Naeck K, Narayanan A, Naveira Garabato AC, Nicholson SA, Novellino A, Ödalen M, Østerhus S, Park W, Patmore RD, Piedagnel E, Roquet F, Rosenthal HS, Roy T, Saurabh R, Silvy Y, Spira T, Steiger N, Styles AF, Swart S, Vogt L, Ward B, Zhou S. Southern ocean carbon and heat impact on climate. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2023; 381:20220056. [PMID: 37150205 PMCID: PMC10164461 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Ocean greatly contributes to the regulation of the global climate by controlling important heat and carbon exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean. Rates of climate change on decadal timescales are therefore impacted by oceanic processes taking place in the Southern Ocean, yet too little is known about these processes. Limitations come both from the lack of observations in this extreme environment and its inherent sensitivity to intermittent processes at scales that are not well captured in current Earth system models. The Southern Ocean Carbon and Heat Impact on Climate programme was launched to address this knowledge gap, with the overall objective to understand and quantify variability of heat and carbon budgets in the Southern Ocean through an investigation of the key physical processes controlling exchanges between the atmosphere, ocean and sea ice using a combination of observational and modelling approaches. Here, we provide a brief overview of the programme, as well as a summary of some of the scientific progress achieved during its first half. Advances range from new evidence of the importance of specific processes in Southern Ocean ventilation rate (e.g. storm-induced turbulence, sea-ice meltwater fronts, wind-induced gyre circulation, dense shelf water formation and abyssal mixing) to refined descriptions of the physical changes currently ongoing in the Southern Ocean and of their link with global climate. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.
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Affiliation(s)
- The SO-CHIC consortium
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - J. B. Sallée
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | | | - C. Allaigre
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - M. Auger
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - H. Ayres
- University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - R. Badhe
- European Polar Board, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - J. Boutin
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | | | - C. de Lavergne
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - A. M. M. ten Doeschate
- AirSea Laboratory and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - E. S. Droste
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - M. D. du Plessis
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - I. S. Giddy
- Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - B. Gülk
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - M. Hoppema
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - S. A. Josey
- National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
| | - T. Kanzow
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - M. Kimmritz
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - P. J. Llanillo
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - G. Madec
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - M. Mohrmann
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P. M. S. Monteiro
- Southern Ocean Carbon-Climate Observatory (SOCCO), CSIR, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C. Mosneron Dupin
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - K. Naeck
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - A. Narayanan
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - S-A. Nicholson
- Southern Ocean Carbon-Climate Observatory (SOCCO), CSIR, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - M. Ödalen
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - S. Østerhus
- Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Bergen, Norway
| | - W. Park
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- IBS Center for Climate Physics and Department of Climate System, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | | | - E. Piedagnel
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - F. Roquet
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H. S. Rosenthal
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - R. Saurabh
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - Y. Silvy
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - T. Spira
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - N. Steiger
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | | | - S. Swart
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - L. Vogt
- Laboratoire d’Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - B. Ward
- AirSea Laboratory and Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - S. Zhou
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK
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Apetoh E, Roquet F, Palstra F, Baxerres C, Le Hesran JY. Household sampling through geocoded points and satellite view: A step-by-step approach to implement a spatial sampling method for demographic and health surveys in areas without population sampling frame and with limited resource settings. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2021; 69:173-182. [PMID: 34148761 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2021.04.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spatial sampling is increasingly used in health surveys as it provides a simple way to randomly select target populations on sites where reliable and complete data on the general population are not available. However, the previously implemented protocols have been poorly detailed, making replication difficult or even impossible. To our knowledge, ours is the first document describing step-by-step an efficient spatial sampling method for health surveys. Our objective is to facilitate the rapid acquisition of the technical skills and know-how necessary for its deployment. METHODS The spatial sampling design is based on the random generation of geocoded points in the study area. Afterwards, these points were projected on the satellite view of Google Earth Pro™ software and the identified buildings were selected for field visits. A detailed formula of the number of points required, considering non-responses, is proposed. Density of buildings was determined by drawing circles around points and by using a replacement strategy when interviewing was unachievable. The method was implemented for a cross-sectional study during the April-May 2016 period in Cotonou (Bénin). The accuracy of the collected data was assessed by comparing them to those of the Cotonou national census. RESULT This approach does not require prior displacement in the study area and only 1% of identified buildings with Google Earth Pro™ were no longer extant. Most of the measurements resulting from the general census were within the confidence intervals of those calculated with the sample data. Furthermore, the range of measurements resulting from the general census was similar to those calculated with the sample data. These include, for example, the proportion of the foreign population (unweighted 8.9%/weighted 9% versus 8.5% in census data), the proportion of adults over 17 years of age (56.7% versus 57% in census data), the proportion of households whose head is not educated (unweighted 21.9%/weighted 22.8% versus 21.1% in census data). CONCLUSION This article illustrates how an epidemiological field survey based on spatial sampling can be successfully implemented at low cost, quickly and with little technical and theoretical knowledge. While statistically similar to simple random sampling, this survey method greatly simplifies its implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Apetoh
- Institut de recherche pour le développement/Development research institute, Unité mixte de recherche 216/Mixed research unit 216: Mères et enfants face aux infections tropicale/Mother and child face to tropical infection, Faculté de pharmacie Paris-Descartes, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; École doctorale Pierre Louis de santé publique/Pierre-Louis doctoral public health school, ED 393 Épidémiologie et Sciences de l'Information Biomédicale/Epidemiology and biomedical information sciences, Paris, France.
| | - F Roquet
- Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; ECSTRRA, CRESS-Unité mixte de recherche 1153, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010, Paris, France.
| | - F Palstra
- Centre Norbert Elias EHESS-Campus Marseille La Vieille Charité, 2, rue de la Charité, 13002 Marseille, France.
| | - C Baxerres
- Institut de recherche pour le développement/Development research institute, Unité mixte de recherche 216/Mixed research unit 216: Mères et enfants face aux infections tropicale/Mother and child face to tropical infection, Faculté de pharmacie Paris-Descartes, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Centre Norbert Elias EHESS-Campus Marseille La Vieille Charité, 2, rue de la Charité, 13002 Marseille, France.
| | - J-Y Le Hesran
- Institut de recherche pour le développement/Development research institute, Unité mixte de recherche 216/Mixed research unit 216: Mères et enfants face aux infections tropicale/Mother and child face to tropical infection, Faculté de pharmacie Paris-Descartes, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
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de Lavergne C, Madec G, Roquet F, Holmes RM, McDougall TJ. Abyssal ocean overturning shaped by seafloor distribution. Nature 2018; 551:181-186. [PMID: 29120416 DOI: 10.1038/nature24472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The abyssal ocean is broadly characterized by northward flow of the densest waters and southward flow of less-dense waters above them. Understanding what controls the strength and structure of these interhemispheric flows-referred to as the abyssal overturning circulation-is key to quantifying the ocean's ability to store carbon and heat on timescales exceeding a century. Here we show that, north of 32° S, the depth distribution of the seafloor compels dense southern-origin waters to flow northward below a depth of about 4 kilometres and to return southward predominantly at depths greater than 2.5 kilometres. Unless ventilated from the north, the overlying mid-depths (1 to 2.5 kilometres deep) host comparatively weak mean meridional flow. Backed by analysis of historical radiocarbon measurements, the findings imply that the geometry of the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic basins places a major external constraint on the overturning structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C de Lavergne
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,LOCEAN Laboratory, Sorbonne Universités (Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - G Madec
- LOCEAN Laboratory, Sorbonne Universités (Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - F Roquet
- Department of Meteorology (MISU), Stockholm University, 114 18 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R M Holmes
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - T J McDougall
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Williams GD, Herraiz-Borreguero L, Roquet F, Tamura T, Ohshima KI, Fukamachi Y, Fraser AD, Gao L, Chen H, McMahon CR, Harcourt R, Hindell M. The suppression of Antarctic bottom water formation by melting ice shelves in Prydz Bay. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12577. [PMID: 27552365 PMCID: PMC4996980 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A fourth production region for the globally important Antarctic bottom water has been attributed to dense shelf water formation in the Cape Darnley Polynya, adjoining Prydz Bay in East Antarctica. Here we show new observations from CTD-instrumented elephant seals in 2011–2013 that provide the first complete assessment of dense shelf water formation in Prydz Bay. After a complex evolution involving opposing contributions from three polynyas (positive) and two ice shelves (negative), dense shelf water (salinity 34.65–34.7) is exported through Prydz Channel. This provides a distinct, relatively fresh contribution to Cape Darnley bottom water. Elsewhere, dense water formation is hindered by the freshwater input from the Amery and West Ice Shelves into the Prydz Bay Gyre. This study highlights the susceptibility of Antarctic bottom water to increased freshwater input from the enhanced melting of ice shelves, and ultimately the potential collapse of Antarctic bottom water formation in a warming climate. Antarctic bottom water (AABW) production is critical to the global ocean overturning circulation. Here, the authors show new observations of AABW formation from seal CTD data in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica that highlights its susceptibility to increased freshwater input from the melting of ice shelves.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Williams
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,Antarctic Climate &Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - L Herraiz-Borreguero
- Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Julianne Marie vej 30, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - F Roquet
- Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - T Tamura
- Antarctic Climate &Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart 7001, Australia.,National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan.,Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - K I Ohshima
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University Kita-19, Nishi-8, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Y Fukamachi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University Kita-19, Nishi-8, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - A D Fraser
- Antarctic Climate &Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart 7001, Australia.,Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University Kita-19, Nishi-8, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - L Gao
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, No. 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - H Chen
- The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, No. 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - C R McMahon
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - R Harcourt
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, 19 Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - M Hindell
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.,Antarctic Climate &Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart 7001, Australia
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Biuw M, Boehme L, Guinet C, Hindell M, Costa D, Charrassin JB, Roquet F, Bailleul F, Meredith M, Thorpe S, Tremblay Y, McDonald B, Park YH, Rintoul SR, Bindoff N, Goebel M, Crocker D, Lovell P, Nicholson J, Monks F, Fedak MA. Variations in behavior and condition of a Southern Ocean top predator in relation to in situ oceanographic conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:13705-10. [PMID: 17693555 PMCID: PMC1959446 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701121104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Responses by marine top predators to environmental variability have previously been almost impossible to observe directly. By using animal-mounted instruments simultaneously recording movements, diving behavior, and in situ oceanographic properties, we studied the behavioral and physiological responses of southern elephant seals to spatial environmental variability throughout their circumpolar range. Improved body condition of seals in the Atlantic sector was associated with Circumpolar Deep Water upwelling regions within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, whereas High-Salinity Shelf Waters or temperature/salinity gradients under winter pack ice were important in the Indian and Pacific sectors. Energetic consequences of these variations could help explain recently observed population trends, showing the usefulness of this approach in examining the sensitivity of top predators to global and regional-scale climate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Biuw
- Natural Environment Research Council Sea Mammal Research Unit, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, United Kingdom.
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Coelho M, Gauthier P, Pugnière M, Roquet F, Pèlegrin A, Navarro-Teulon I. Isolation and characterisation of a human anti-idiotypic scFv used as a surrogate tumour antigen to elicit an anti-HER-2/neu humoral response in mice. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:2032-41. [PMID: 15138490 PMCID: PMC2409470 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
HER-2/neu is a tumour antigen that is overexpressed in human breast tumours. Among the vaccine strategies developed to overcome immune tolerance to self-proteins, vaccination with anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies has been described as a promising approach for treatment of several malignant diseases. To develop an active immunotherapy for cancer patients positive for HER-2/neu, we investigated immunisation with human anti-Id single-chain fragments (scFv) mimicking the conformation of HER-2/neu protein to induce a humoral response in mice. We selected by phage display two human anti-Id scFv (Ab2beta) directed against trastuzumab F(ab')2 fragments (Ab1), a humanised anti-HER-2/neu monoclonal antibody. Using competitive ELISA and Biacore biosensor analysis, we showed that anti-Id scFv 40 and scFv 69 could inhibit HER-2/neu binding to trastuzumab. Following vaccination of BALB/c mice with the soluble or phage-displayed scFv, Ab3 polyclonal antibodies, and among them Ab1' antibodies able to bind HER-2/neu, were detected in the sera of the immunised mice. These results demonstrate that the human anti-Id scFv could act as a surrogate antigen for HER-2/neu. The present study strongly suggests that the novel 30 kDa human mini-antibody could be used as an anti-idiotype-based vaccine formulation to induce an effective humoral response in patients bearing HER-2/neu-positive tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coelho
- Tumour Immunotargeting and Antibody Engineering, INSERM, EMI0227, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - P Gauthier
- Tumour Immunotargeting and Antibody Engineering, INSERM, EMI0227, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - M Pugnière
- Center for Pharmacology and Health Biotechnology, CNRS, UMR 5160, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - F Roquet
- Center for Pharmacology and Health Biotechnology, CNRS, UMR 5160, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - A Pèlegrin
- Tumour Immunotargeting and Antibody Engineering, INSERM, EMI0227, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - I Navarro-Teulon
- Tumour Immunotargeting and Antibody Engineering, INSERM, EMI0227, 34298 Montpellier, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, CRLC Val d'Aurelle-Paul Lamarque, Parc Euromédecine, 34298 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. E-mail:
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Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance technique was investigated for the first time to study the apparent hydrophobicity and association properties of the major bovine caseins: alpha(s)-(alpha(s1)- and alpha(s2)-caseins in a 4:1 proportion), beta-, and kappa-caseins. The apparent hydrophobicities of the caseins were evaluated by a new method based on the binding level of casein on a hydrophobic sensor chip, and kinetic and equilibrium affinity constants were determined for the following casein interactions: alpha(s)/alpha(s), alpha(s)/beta, alpha(s)/kappa, beta/beta, and beta/kappa, using a sensor chip modified with covalent immobilized caseins. The study by surface plasmon resonance technology of these casein interactions under different conditions (pH, ionic strength, calcium concentration, chemical modification) demonstrated that, at neutral pH, electrostatic repulsive forces play an important role since an increase in ionic strength of the medium resulted in a stronger interaction. When charge repulsions were reduced by either acidification, increase in ionic strength, or dephosphorylation, casein interactions were reinforced, presumably due to weak attractive forces. Moreover, in this molecular model, we showed that addition of calcium greatly increased the binding response between the most phosphorylated caseins and that the added calcium (2 mM) participated directly in the formation of bridges between the phosphate groups of the casein molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marchesseau
- Laboratoire de Génie Biologique et Sciences des Aliments, Université Montpellier II, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Torreilles F, Roquet F, Granier C, Pau B, Mourton-Gilles C. Binding specificity of monoclonal antibody AD2: influence of the phosphorylation state of tau. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000; 78:181-5. [PMID: 10891598 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(00)00073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Using recombinant human tau protein phosphorylated by a brain extract and the glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in the absence or the presence of heparin, we showed that phosphorylation-dependent antibody AD2 recognition only requires phosphorylated Ser-396. By the Spot multiple peptide synthesis method, we showed that Tyr-394, Ser(P)-396 and Pro-397 are critical for AD2 binding. A decrease in the binding of AD2 was observed with increasing phosphorylation of residues in the vicinity of Ser(P)-396.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Torreilles
- CNRS UMR 5094 Institut de Biotechnologie en Immunoanalyse et Pharmacologie UFR Pharmacie, 15 Av. Charles Flahault, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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9
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Abstract
Two isolated recombinant fragments from human integrin alpha(5)beta(1) encompassing the FG-GAP repeats III to VII of alpha(5) and the insertion-type domain from beta(1), respectively, are structurally well defined in solution, based on CD evidence. Divalent cation binding induces a conformational adaptation that is achieved by Ca(2+) or Mg(2+) (or Mn(2+)) with alpha(5) and only by Mg(2+) (or Mn(2+)) with beta(1). Mn(2+) bound to beta(1) is highly hydrated ( approximately 3 water molecules), based on water NMR relaxation, in agreement with a metal ion-dependent adhesion site-type metal coordination. Each fragment saturated with Mg(2+) (or Mn(2+)) binds a recombinant fibronectin ligand in an RGD-dependent manner. A conformational rearrangement is induced on the fibronectin ligand upon binding to the alpha(5), but not to the beta(1) fragment, based on CD. Ligand binding results in metal ion displacement from beta(1). Both alpha(5) and beta(1) fragments form a stable heterodimer (alpha(5)beta(1) mini-integrin) that retains ligand recognition to form a 1:1:1 ternary complex, in the presence of Mg(2+), and induces a specific conformational adaptation of the fibronectin ligand. A two-site model for RGD binding to both alpha and beta integrin components is inferred from our data using low molecular weight RGD mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Banères
- Chimie Biomoléculaire et Interactions Biologiques, UPRESA CNRS 5074, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Av. Ch. Flahault, 34060 Montpellier Cédex 2, France.
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Banères JL, Roquet F, Green M, LeCalvez H, Parello J. The cation-binding domain from the alpha subunit of integrin alpha5 beta1 is a minimal domain for fibronectin recognition. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:24744-53. [PMID: 9733775 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.38.24744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The cation-binding domain from the alpha subunit of human integrin alpha5beta1 was produced as a recombinant protein, alpha5-(229-448). This protein displays a well defined fold with a content of 30-35% alpha-helix and 20-25% beta-strand, based on circular dichroism. The binding of Ca2+ or Mg2+ to alpha5-(229-448) results in a biphasic conformational rearrangement consistent with the occurrence of two classes of cation-binding sites differing by their affinities. The two classes of sites are located in two conformationally independent lobes, as established by a parallel study of two recombinant half-domains (N- and C-terminal) that also adopt stable folds. Upon saturation with divalent cations, alpha5-(229-448) binds an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing fibronectin ligand to form a 1:1 complex. Complex formation is associated with a specific conformational adaptation of the ligand, suggesting an induced fit mechanism. In contrast, neither of the half-domains is competent for ligand binding. The alpha5-(229-448)-fibronectin complex is dissociated in the presence of an RGD peptide, as well as of a simple carboxylic acid, suggesting that the RGD aspartyl carboxylate is an essential element that directly interacts with the alpha5 cation-binding domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Banères
- UPRESA CNRS 5074, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34060 Montpellier Cédex 2, France
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11
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Fournout S, Roquet F, Salhi SL, Seyer R, Valverde V, Masson JM, Jouin P, Pau B, Nicolas M, Hanin V. Development and standardization of an immuno-quantified solid phase assay for HIV-1 aspartyl protease activity and its application to the evaluation of inhibitors. Anal Chem 1997; 69:1746-52. [PMID: 9145028 DOI: 10.1021/ac961075h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The catELISA technique was modified and standardized for measuring HIV-1 aspartyl protease activity and evaluating the potency of synthetic peptide inhibitors. This immuno-quantified solid phase assay combines the use of an immobilized C-terminal biotinylated peptide as substrate, a crude enzyme preparation, and a highly specific antiserum elicited against the C-terminal product of the enzyme reaction. A standard curve of this C-terminal product was constructed to determine the enzyme activity. This assay, which requires less enzyme and substrate, is more sensitive than the conventional HPLC method. The amounts of C-terminal peptide produced in solution as determined from ELISA and HPLC standard curves were comparable. Analogues of peptidomimetics designed in our laboratory were assayed for their potency to inhibit the enzyme. One of them, H4, which is a hydroxyethylamine isostere of the Phe-Pro peptide bond, was a powerful inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fournout
- Laboratoire d'Immunoanalyse et Innovation en Biologie Clinique, CNRS UMR 9921, Faculte de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
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12
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Nohynek GJ, Plard JP, Wells MY, Zerial A, Roquet F. Comparison of the potency of glycosylated and nonglycosylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factors in neutropenic and nonneutropenic CD rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1996; 39:259-66. [PMID: 8996530 DOI: 10.1007/s002800050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in human bone-marrow culture and healthy human volunteers suggest that lenograstim [glycosylated, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rHuG-CSF) produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells] has greater in vivo potency than filgrastim [nonglycosylated, methionine-extended recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rmetHuG-CSF) produced in Escherichia coli]. To confirm and extend these results we investigated the in vivo potency of both products in normal rats and neutropenic CD rats as an animal model of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. In normal rats, groups of eight normal male CD rats received four subcutaneous doses of 10, 30, or 100 micrograms/kg filgrastim or lenograstim on days 1-4 of the study, whereas a control group received the vehicle. Blood samples were collected from each animal before treatment (day -5) and on days 2, 3, 5, 8, and 12 of the study for determination of red blood cell (RBC), platelet, white blood cell (WBC), and differential counts. rHuG-CSF and r-metHuG-CSF produced increased WBC counts, principally due to elevated absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs); on days 2, 3, and 5, all groups receiving rG-CSF had ANCs that increased in a progressive and dose-related manner. With the exception of a single value, mean ANCs obtained on days 2, 3, and 5 in lenograstim-treated groups were higher (statistically significant on day 3 at 30 and 100 micrograms/kg and on day 5 at 10, 30, and 100 micrograms/kg) than the respective values obtained in filgrastim-treated groups. No compound-related effect was noted in RBC or platelet parameters. Neutropenia was induced in male CD rats (12 animals/group) with a single intraperitoneal dose of 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CPA) on day 0. On days 1-4, CPA-treated groups were treated with the vehicle (control) or with filgrastim or lenograstim at 30 or 100 micrograms/kg per day. An additional group was not treated with CPA and served as the absolute control group. Blood was collected from alternating subgroups on study day -5 (pretest) and on days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 12 for determination of RBC, platelet, WBC, and differential counts. No major adverse in-life effect was noted in neutropenic rats. Maximal depression of WBCs and ANCs occurred on day 5, followed by recovery to normal values by days 9 (ANC) and 12 (WBC). On day 3 and days 5-9, rHuG-CSF- and metHuG-CSF-treated groups had marked and dose-related increases in WBCs as compared with CPA-treated controls, principally due to elevated ANCs. With the exception of a few values, mean ANC values obtained in lenograstim-treated groups were consistently higher than the respective values obtained in filgrastim-treated groups; the difference was statistically significant on day 3 (30-microgram/kg groups) and on days 6 and 8 (100-microgram/kg groups). In conclusion, treatment of normal and neutropenic CD rats with lenograstim resulted in a dose-related elevation of ANCs that was consistently and significantly higher than the response to identical doses of filgrastim. These results suggest that lenograstim, the glycosylated form of rG-CSF, has superior in vivo potency in normal and neutropenic animals as compared with filgrastim, the nonglycosylated form of rG-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Nohynek
- Drug Safety Department, Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
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13
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Lavelle F, Bissery MC, André S, Roquet F, Riou JF. Preclinical evaluation of CPT-11 and its active metabolite SN-38. Semin Oncol 1996; 23:11-20. [PMID: 8633248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CPT-11 (irinotecan) is a water-soluble analogue of camptothecin (CPT), an antitumor drug extracted from the Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata. SN-38 is an active metabolite of CPT-11 that contributes significantly to its activity. The antitumor effects of CPT-11 and SN-38 are exerted through a novel mechanism of action; inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I. CPT-11 and its metabolite have demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro and against several murine and human tumors grafted in mice in vivo, including those that express multidrug resistance. CPT-11 has also shown synergistic activity in combination with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin in vitro. No irreversible or unusual toxicities were observed with CPT-11 in animal toxicity studies. In summary, the preclinical profile of CPT-11 confirmed this drug to be an attractive candidate for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lavelle
- Rhône-Poulenc Rorer R&D, Centre de Recherche de Vitry-Alfortville, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
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14
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Cano NJ, Sabouraud AE, Benmoussa K, Roquet F, Navarro-Teulon I, Mani JC, Scherrmann JM. Monoclonal digoxin-specific antibodies induce dose- and affinity-dependent plasma digoxin redistribution in rats. Pharm Res 1995; 12:709-14. [PMID: 7479557 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016211626095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of three monoclonal digoxin-specific antibodies on total and free digoxin plasma disposition was studied in rats in order to determine the role of affinity constant (Ka) and dose. Thirty minutes after digoxin infusion, administration of a stoichiometrical dose of the ICIO, 6C9 and 9F5 IgG (Ka = 6 10(9), 3.1 10(8) and 2.5 10(7) M-1, respectively) resulted in a plasma digoxin increase linearly related to Ka. The mean free plasma digoxin was 0.6 +/- 0.4, 7.8 +/- 3.3 and 43 +/- 22% respectively after 1C10, 6C9, and 9F5 IgG infusion in comparison to 70 +/- 9% in the control group. When the IgG:digoxin ratio increased from 1 to 5, plasma digoxin Cmax and AUCT also increased as a function of both affinity (Ka) and dose (N), but not linearly. The product of NKa defined an immunoreactivity factor that was well fitted to the digoxin redistribution parameters (Cmax and AUCT) by a Hill equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Cano
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Paris, France
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15
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Roquet F, Declercq JP, Tinant B, Rambaud J, Parello J. Crystal structure of the unique parvalbumin component from muscle of the leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata). The first X-ray study of an alpha-parvalbumin. J Mol Biol 1992; 223:705-20. [PMID: 1542115 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(92)90985-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The three-dimensional structure of parvalbumin from leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) with 109 amino acid residues (alpha-series) is described at 1.54 A resolution. Crystals were grown at 20 degrees C from 2.9 M-potassium/sodium phosphate solutions at pH 5.6. The space group is P3(1)21 and unit cell dimensions are a = b = 32.12 A and c = 149.0 A. The structure has been solved by the molecular replacement method using pike 4.10 parvalbumin as a model. The final structure refinement resulted in an R-factor of 17.3% for 11,363 independent reflections at 1.54 A resolution. The shark parvalbumin shows the main features of all parvalbumins: the folding of the chain including six alpha-helices, the salt bridge between Arg75 and Glu81, and the hydrophobic core. Compared to the structure of beta-parvalbumins from pike and carp, one main difference is observed: the chain is one residue longer and this additional residue, which extends the F helix, is involved through its C-terminal carboxylate group in a network of electrostatic contacts with two basic residues, His31 in the B helix and Lys36 in the BC segment. Furthermore, hydrogen bonds exist between the side-chains of Gln108 (F helix) and Tyr26 (B helix). There is therefore a "locking" of the tertiary structure through contacts between two sequentially distant regions in the protein and this is likely to contribute to making the stability of an alpha-parvalbumin higher in comparison to that of a beta-parvalbumin. The lengthening of the C-terminal F helix by one residue appears to be a major feature of alpha-parvalbumins in general, owing to the homologies of the amino acid sequences. Besides the lengthening of the C-terminal helix, the classification of the leopard shark parvalbumin in the alpha-series rests upon the observation of Lys13, Leu32, Glu61 and Val66. As this is the first crystal structure description of a parvalbumin from the alpha-phylogenetic lineage, it was hoped that it would clearly determine the presence or absence of a third cation binding site in parvalbumins belonging to the alpha-lineage. In beta-pike pI 4.10 parvalbumin, Asp61 participates as a direct ligand of a third site, the satellite of the CD site. In shark parvalbumin, as in nearly all alpha-parvalbumins, one finds Glu at position 61. Unfortunately, the conformation of the polar head of Glu61 cannot be inferred from the X-ray data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- F Roquet
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique et de Cristallographie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
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16
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Montay G, Goueffon Y, Roquet F. Absorption, distribution, metabolic fate, and elimination of pefloxacin mesylate in mice, rats, dogs, monkeys, and humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984; 25:463-72. [PMID: 6587830 PMCID: PMC185553 DOI: 10.1128/aac.25.4.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pefloxacin mesylate is well absorbed by the oral route. The antimicrobial activity in dog, cynomolgus monkey, and human plasma was essentially due to unchanged drug which respectively accounted for 64, 94, and 84% of the total activity (ratios derived from relative area under the curve [AUC] values). Half-lives ranged from 1.9 h in mice to 8.6 h in humans. Protein binding was weak, about 20% in plasma. Except in brain, concentrations in most of the organs and tissues tested in rats and dogs were higher than the plasma levels. Microbiological activity in urine was mainly due to pefloxacin and norfloxacin, the N-desmethyl metabolite. The norfloxacin/pefloxacin ratios were 0 in mice, ca. 1 in rats and dogs, 1.6 in cynomolgus monkeys, and 2.3 in humans. The principal urinary compounds were unchanged drug in mice, pefloxacin glucuronide and pefloxacin N-oxide in rats and dogs, norfloxacin and pefloxacin in monkeys, and pefloxacin N-oxide and norfloxacin in humans. The urinary recovery of identified metabolites was 29.5% of the dose in mice, 37.8% in rats, 36.3% in dogs, 26.5% in monkeys, and 58.9% in humans. Biliary excretion occurred and was extensive in rats and dogs, mainly as a glucuronide conjugate of the drug. In rat and human bile, the main active compound was unchanged pefloxacin.
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17
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Montay G, Blain Y, Roquet F, Le Hir A. High-performance liquid chromatography of pefloxacin and its main active metabolites in biological fluids. J Chromatogr 1983; 272:359-65. [PMID: 6220023 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)86139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We describe a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the analysis of pefloxacin, a new antibacterial agent, in plasma and urine following administration of a therapeutic dose in humans. HPLC assay of pefloxacin and its two main active metabolites in urine is also described. The applicability of the methods to pharmacokinetic studies of pefloxacin in humans is demonstrated.
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18
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Goueffon Y, Montay G, Roquet F, Pesson M. [A new synthetic antibacterial : 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-1, 4-dihydroquinolin-3-carboxylic acid (1589 R.B.)]. C R Seances Acad Sci III 1981; 292:37-40. [PMID: 6786770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The 1,4-dihydro-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxoquinoline- 3-carboxylic acid (1589 R.B.) is a broad antibacterial agent active in experimental infections. The toxicological and pharmacokinetic profiles of the compound administered as methane sulfonic salt (1589 m R.B.), seem to suggest the possibility of using it in systemic infections.
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19
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Le Fur G, Amouroux J, Roquet F, Uzan A. Comparative distribution of two antidepressant drugs (imipramine and indalpine) in the rat as determined by analog computer simulation. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1979; 4:9-14. [PMID: 467468 DOI: 10.1007/bf03189393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A ten-compartment analog computer model is presented to determine the precise distribution and excretion of two antidepressant drugs, LM 5008 AND Imipramine. Eight patterns were simulated using experimental data and drug distribution in the two undetermined compartments were obtained by the analog model. Close agreement with existing experimental data lends confidence in the model as a valuable tool for predictions in a variety of therapeutic situations.
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20
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Vigouroux M, Montay G, Benoit N, Duckert L, Roquet F, Reynier M. [A method of determination of lidocaine and etidocaine in the blood by gas chromatography]. Anesth Analg (Paris) 1978; 35:1045-9. [PMID: 754554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Montay G, Vigouroux M, Roquet F, Reynier M. [Spectrofluorimetric analysis of pipemidic acid in biological fluids. Digestive absorption and urinary elimination in the rat, rabbit, dog and man]. Therapie 1977; 32:553-61. [PMID: 613472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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de Lajudie P, Roquet F, Reynier M, Adamowicz P. [Study of a new synthetic antibacterial agent: 8-ethyl-5-oxo-2-piperaziny 5,8-dihydro-(2,3-d)pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid (pipemidic acid)]. C R Acad Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 1974; 279:1931-4. [PMID: 4219332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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