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Amini AE, Naples JG, Hwa T, Larrow DC, Campbell FM, Qiu M, Castellanos I, Moberly AC. Emerging Relations among Cognitive Constructs and Cochlear Implant Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:792-810. [PMID: 37365967 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hearing loss has a detrimental impact on cognitive function. However, there is a lack of consensus on the impact of cochlear implants on cognition. This review systematically evaluates whether cochlear implants in adult patients lead to cognitive improvements and investigates the relations of cognition with speech recognition outcomes. DATA SOURCES A literature review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies evaluating cognition and cochlear implant outcomes in postlingual, adult patients from January 1996 to December 2021 were included. Of 2510 total references, 52 studies were included in qualitative analysis and 11 in meta-analyses. REVIEW METHODS Proportions were extracted from studies of (1) the significant impacts of cochlear implantation on 6 cognitive domains and (2) associations between cognition and speech recognition outcomes. Meta-analyses were performed using random effects models on mean differences between pre- and postoperative performance on 4 cognitive assessments. RESULTS Only half of the outcomes reported suggested cochlear implantation had a significant impact on cognition (50.8%), with the highest proportion in assessments of memory & learning and inhibition-concentration. Meta-analyses revealed significant improvements in global cognition and inhibition-concentration. Finally, 40.4% of associations between cognition and speech recognition outcomes were significant. CONCLUSION Findings relating to cochlear implantation and cognition vary depending on the cognitive domain assessed and the study goal. Nonetheless, assessments of memory & learning, global cognition, and inhibition-concentration may represent tools to assess cognitive benefit after implantation and help explain variability in speech recognition outcomes. Enhanced selectivity in assessments of cognition is needed for clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Amini
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James G Naples
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tiffany Hwa
- Division of Otology, Neurotology, and Lateral Skull Base Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danielle C Larrow
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank M Campbell
- Biotech Commons, Johnson Pavilion, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maylene Qiu
- Biotech Commons, Johnson Pavilion, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Irina Castellanos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron C Moberly
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Naga HI, Mellia JA, Basta MN, Morris MP, Christopher AN, Campbell FM, Sommers K, Levinson H, Nelson JA, Fischer JP. Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma: Updated Systematic Review and Analysis of Treatment Strategies. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 150:762-769. [PMID: 35862104 PMCID: PMC9551598 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although guidelines have been published on treatment of breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), there has been no comprehensive analysis of BIA-ALCL treatment variation based on the available literature. The authors sought to assess current treatment strategies of BIA-ALCL relative to current guidelines. METHODS Database searches were conducted in June of 2020. Included articles were case reports and case series with patient-level data. Collected variables included clinicopathologic features, implant characteristics, diagnostic tests, ALCL characteristics, treatment, and details of follow-up and outcome. Treatment data from before and after 2017 were compared with National Cancer Center Network guidelines. RESULTS A total of 89 publications were included and 178 cases of BIA-ALCL were identified. Most patients presented with seroma ( n = 114, 70.4 percent), followed by a mass ( n = 14, 8.6 percent), or both ( n = 23, 14.2 percent). Treatment included en bloc capsulectomy of the affected implant in 122 out of 126 cases with treatment details provided (96.8 percent). Radiation therapy was given in 38 cases (30.2 percent) and chemotherapy was given in 71 cases (56.3 percent). Practitioners used less chemotherapy for local disease after treatment guideline publication in 2017 ( p < 0.001), whereas treatment for advanced disease remained unchanged ( p = 0.3). There were 10 recurrences and eight fatalities attributable to BIA-ALCL, which were associated with advanced presentation (29 versus 2.1 percent; OR, 19.4; 95 percent CI, 3.9 to 96.3; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS BIA-ALCL remains a morbid but treatable condition. Current guidelines focus treatment for local disease and reduce nonsurgical interventions with radiation or chemotherapy. Patients presenting with advanced BIA-ALCL experience higher rates of recurrence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani I. Naga
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Joseph A. Mellia
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marten N. Basta
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Martin P. Morris
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Frank M. Campbell
- Biomedical Library, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA
| | | | - Howard Levinson
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Plastic Surgery Foundation, Arlington Heights, IL
| | - Jonas A. Nelson
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgical Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - John P. Fischer
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Ware J, Boughton CK, Allen JM, Wilinska ME, Tauschmann M, Denvir L, Thankamony A, Campbell FM, Wadwa RP, Buckingham BA, Davis N, DiMeglio LA, Mauras N, Besser REJ, Ghatak A, Weinzimer SA, Hood KK, Fox DS, Kanapka L, Kollman C, Sibayan J, Beck RW, Hovorka R, Hovorka R, Acerini CL, Thankamony A, Allen JM, Boughton CK, Dovc K, Dunger DB, Ware J, Musolino G, Tauschmann M, Wilinska ME, Hayes JF, Hartnell S, Slegtenhorst S, Ruan Y, Haydock M, Mangat J, Denvir L, Kanthagnany SK, Law J, Randell T, Sachdev P, Saxton M, Coupe A, Stafford S, Ball A, Keeton R, Cresswell R, Crate L, Cripps H, Fazackerley H, Looby L, Navarra H, Saddington C, Smith V, Verhoeven V, Bratt S, Khan N, Moyes L, Sandhu K, West C, Wadwa RP, Alonso G, Forlenza G, Slover R, Towers L, Berget C, Coakley A, Escobar E, Jost E, Lange S, Messer L, Thivener K, Campbell FM, Yong J, Metcalfe E, Allen M, Ambler S, Waheed S, Exall J, Tulip J, Buckingham BA, Ekhlaspour L, Maahs D, Norlander L, Jacobson T, Twon M, Weir C, Leverenz B, Keller J, Davis N, Kumaran A, Trevelyan N, Dewar H, Price G, Crouch G, Ensom R, Haskell L, Lueddeke LM, Mauras N, Benson M, Bird K, Englert K, Permuy J, Ponthieux K, Marrero-Hernandez J, DiMeglio LA, Ismail H, Jolivette H, Sanchez J, Woerner S, Kirchner M, Mullen M, Tebbe M, Besser REJ, Basu S, London R, Makaya T, Ryan F, Megson C, Bowen-Morris J, Haest J, Law R, Stamford I, Ghatak A, Deakin M, Phelan K, Thornborough K, Shakeshaft J, Weinzimer SA, Cengiz E, Sherr JL, Van Name M, Weyman K, Carria L, Steffen A, Zgorski M, Sibayan J, Beck RW, Borgman S, Davis J, Rusnak J, Hellman A, Cheng P, Kanapka L, Kollman C, McCarthy C, Chalasani S, Hood KK, Hanes S, Viana J, Lanning M, Fox DS, Arreaza-Rubin G, Eggerman T, Green N, Janicek R, Gabrielson D, Belle SH, Castle J, Green J, Legault L, Willi SM, Wysham C. Cambridge hybrid closed-loop algorithm in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a multicentre 6-month randomised controlled trial. Lancet Digit Health 2022; 4:e245-e255. [PMID: 35272971 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(22)00020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Closed-loop insulin delivery systems have the potential to address suboptimal glucose control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. We compared safety and efficacy of the Cambridge hybrid closed-loop algorithm with usual care over 6 months in this population. METHODS In a multicentre, multinational, parallel randomised controlled trial, participants aged 6-18 years using insulin pump therapy were recruited at seven UK and five US paediatric diabetes centres. Key inclusion criteria were diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for at least 12 months, insulin pump therapy for at least 3 months, and screening HbA1c levels between 53 and 86 mmol/mol (7·0-10·0%). Using block randomisation and central randomisation software, we randomly assigned participants to either closed-loop insulin delivery (closed-loop group) or to usual care with insulin pump therapy (control group) for 6 months. Randomisation was stratified at each centre by local baseline HbA1c. The Cambridge closed-loop algorithm running on a smartphone was used with either (1) a modified Medtronic 640G pump, Medtronic Guardian 3 sensor, and Medtronic prototype phone enclosure (FlorenceM configuration), or (2) a Sooil Dana RS pump and Dexcom G6 sensor (CamAPS FX configuration). The primary endpoint was change in HbA1c at 6 months combining data from both configurations. The primary analysis was done in all randomised patients (intention to treat). Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02925299. FINDINGS Of 147 people initially screened, 133 participants (mean age 13·0 years [SD 2·8]; 57% female, 43% male) were randomly assigned to either the closed-loop group (n=65) or the control group (n=68). Mean baseline HbA1c was 8·2% (SD 0·7) in the closed-loop group and 8·3% (0·7) in the control group. At 6 months, HbA1c was lower in the closed-loop group than in the control group (between-group difference -3·5 mmol/mol (95% CI -6·5 to -0·5 [-0·32 percentage points, -0·59 to -0·04]; p=0·023). Closed-loop usage was low with FlorenceM due to failing phone enclosures (median 40% [IQR 26-53]), but consistently high with CamAPS FX (93% [88-96]), impacting efficacy. A total of 155 adverse events occurred after randomisation (67 in the closed-loop group, 88 in the control group), including seven severe hypoglycaemia events (four in the closed-loop group, three in the control group), two diabetic ketoacidosis events (both in the closed-loop group), and two non-treatment-related serious adverse events. There were 23 reportable hyperglycaemia events (11 in the closed-loop group, 12 in the control group), which did not meet criteria for diabetic ketoacidosis. INTERPRETATION The Cambridge hybrid closed-loop algorithm had an acceptable safety profile, and improved glycaemic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. To ensure optimal efficacy of the closed-loop system, usage needs to be consistently high, as demonstrated with CamAPS FX. FUNDING National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
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Choudhary P, de Portu S, Arrieta A, Castañeda J, Campbell FM. Use of sensor-integrated pump therapy to reduce hypoglycaemia in people with Type 1 diabetes: a real-world study in the UK. Diabet Med 2019; 36:1100-1108. [PMID: 31134668 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the efficacy of insulin pumps with automated insulin suspension systems in a real-world setting. METHODS We analysed anonymized data uploaded to CareLink™ by people (n=920) with Type 1 diabetes using the MiniMed Paradigm Veo system and the MiniMed 640G system (Medtronic International Trading Sàrl, Tolochanez, Switzerland) with SmartGuard technology, with or without automated insulin suspension enabled, between February 2016 and June 2018. Users with ≥15 days of sensor data and ≥70% sensor-wear time were classified as sensor-augmented pump alone, sensor-integrated pump with low glucose suspend enabled or sensor-integrated pump with predictive low glucose management enabled. RESULTS The median (25th -75th percentile) system use was 161 (58-348) days. The median time spent with sensor glucose values ≤3 mmol/l was 0.8 (0.3-1.7)% in the sensor-augmented pump group, 0.3 (0.1-0.7)% in the sensor-integrated pump with low glucose suspend group, and 0.3 (0.1-0.5)% in the sensor-integrated pump with predictive low glucose management group. In individuals switching from sensor-augmented pump to sensor-integrated pump with low glucose suspend (n=31), there were significant reductions in the monthly rate of hypoglycaemic events <3 mmol/l (rate ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.45-0.89; P=0.009) and in the percentage of time with glucose values ≤3 mmol/l [sensor-augmented pump: 0.63% (95% CI 0.34-1.29), sensor-integrated pump with low glucose suspend: 0.33% (95% CI 0.16-0.64); P=0.001]. The monthly rate of hypoglycaemic events decreased further in individuals (n=139) switching from sensor-integrated pump with low glucose suspend to sensor-integrated pump with predictive low glucose management [rate ratio 0.82 (95% CI 0.69-0.98); P<0.0274]. Similar results were seen for events <3.9 mmol/l. There was no difference in median time spent in target glucose range. CONCLUSION Real-world UK data show that increasing automation of insulin suspension reduces hypoglycaemia exposure in people with Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Choudhary
- King's College London, School of Life Course Sciences, London, UK
| | - S de Portu
- Medtronic International Trading Sàrl, Tolochenaz, Switzerland
| | - A Arrieta
- Medtronic, Bakken Research Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Castañeda
- Medtronic, Bakken Research Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Thabit H, Tauschmann M, Allen JM, Leelarathna L, Hartnell S, Wilinska ME, Acerini CL, Dellweg S, Benesch C, Heinemann L, Mader JK, Holzer M, Kojzar H, Exall J, Yong J, Pichierri J, Barnard KD, Kollman C, Cheng P, Hindmarsh PC, Campbell FM, Arnolds S, Pieber TR, Evans ML, Dunger DB, Hovorka R. Home Use of an Artificial Beta Cell in Type 1 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 2015; 373:2129-2140. [PMID: 26379095 PMCID: PMC4697362 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1509351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The feasibility, safety, and efficacy of prolonged use of an artificial beta cell (closed-loop insulin-delivery system) in the home setting have not been established. METHODS In two multicenter, crossover, randomized, controlled studies conducted under free-living home conditions, we compared closed-loop insulin delivery with sensor-augmented pump therapy in 58 patients with type 1 diabetes. The closed-loop system was used day and night by 33 adults and overnight by 25 children and adolescents. Participants used the closed-loop system for a 12-week period and sensor-augmented pump therapy (control) for a similar period. The primary end point was the proportion of time that the glucose level was between 70 mg and 180 mg per deciliter for adults and between 70 mg and 145 mg per deciliter for children and adolescents. RESULTS Among adults, the proportion of time that the glucose level was in the target range was 11.0 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.1 to 13.8) greater with the use of the closed-loop system day and night than with control therapy (P<0.001). The mean glucose level was lower during the closed-loop phase than during the control phase (difference, -11 mg per deciliter; 95% CI, -17 to -6; P<0.001), as were the area under the curve for the period when the glucose level was less than 63 mg per deciliter (39% lower; 95% CI, 24 to 51; P<0.001) and the mean glycated hemoglobin level (difference, -0.3%; 95% CI, -0.5 to -0.1; P=0.002). Among children and adolescents, the proportion of time with the nighttime glucose level in the target range was higher during the closed-loop phase than during the control phase (by 24.7 percentage points; 95% CI, 20.6 to 28.7; P<0.001), and the mean nighttime glucose level was lower (difference, -29 mg per deciliter; 95% CI, -39 to -20; P<0.001). The area under the curve for the period in which the day-and-night glucose levels were less than 63 mg per deciliter was lower by 42% (95% CI, 4 to 65; P=0.03). Three severe hypoglycemic episodes occurred during the closed-loop phase when the closed-loop system was not in use. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with type 1 diabetes, 12-week use of a closed-loop system, as compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy, improved glucose control, reduced hypoglycemia, and, in adults, resulted in a lower glycated hemoglobin level. (Funded by the JDRF and others; AP@home04 and APCam08 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT01961622 and NCT01778348.).
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Abstract
The involvement of glycoprotein (GP) IV (CD36) in arachidonic acid uptake by human platelets was investigated using an anti-CD36 monoclonal antibody (MAB). The binding of [(14)C]arachidonic acid to MAB-treated platelets was significantly reduced compared with untreated platelets. The MAB also inhibited arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation and thromboxane A(2) synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of gel-filtered platelets with the MAB (10mg/I) inhibited arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation by 50% and collagen-induced platelet aggregation by 7-8% and the lag time was increased by 200%. Although the mechanism of platelet aggregation is not fully understood yet, the inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation by the MAB could be the result of a reduced uptake of exogeneously added arachidonic acid by the MAB-treated platelets. Our data clearly indicate that arachidonic acid uptake by platelets is mediated, at least in part, by CD36.
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Harron KL, McKinney PA, Feltbower RG, Bodansky HJ, Norman PD, Campbell FM, Parslow RC. Incidence rate trends in childhood type 1 diabetes in Yorkshire, UK 1978-2007: effects of deprivation and age at diagnosis in the South Asian and non-South Asian populations. Diabet Med 2011; 28:1508-13. [PMID: 21838766 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Incidence of Type 1 diabetes in children is increasing worldwide. Earlier studies suggest that UK south Asian immigrants develop similar rates to the overall UK population, although incidence is lower in their country of origin. This study examines incidence rate trends of childhood Type 1 diabetes in Yorkshire 1978-2007, focusing on differences between south Asians and non-south Asians. METHODS Data from the population-based Yorkshire Register of Diabetes in Children and Young People were used to estimate incidence (per 100,000 childhood population < 15 years per year) of Type 1 diabetes, stratified by sex, age and ethnicity validated using two name-recognition programs. Age-sex standardized rates were calculated for 1978-2007 and assessed by ethnic-group and deprivation for 1990-2007. We used Poisson regression to assess incidence trends and predict rates until 2020. RESULTS From 1978-2007, 3912 children were diagnosed. Overall incidence was 18.1 per 100,000 childhood population (< 15 years) per year (95% CI17.6-18.7) and increased significantly over time: 13.2 (1978-1987) to 17.3 (1988-1997) to 24.2 (1998-2007). Average annual percentage change was 2.8% (2.5-3.2). Incidence for non-south Asians (21.5; 20.7-22.4) was significantly higher than for south Asians (14.7; 12.4-17.1). Average annual percentage change increased significantly over 18 years (1990-2007) in non-south Asians (3.4%; 2.7-4.2) compared with a non-significant rise of 1.5% (-1.5 to 4.6) in south Asians. Deprivation score did not affect overall incidence. CONCLUSIONS Type 1 diabetes incidence rose almost uniformly for non-south Asians, but not for south Asians, contrary to previous studies. Overall rates are predicted to rise by 52% from 2007 to 2020 to 39.0 per 100,000 per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Harron
- Paediatric Epidemiology Group, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Starczynski JL, Campbell FM, Jones P, Gilbert J, Dowds JC, Miller K, Ibrahim M, Jasani B. Abstract P3-10-21: Audit of the Accuracy of Immunohistochemical (IHC) Testing of HER2 Status of Breast Cancer in the United Kingdom: An Interim Analysis. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p3-10-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The analysis of the level and distribution of HER2 protein expressed by cancer cells (HER2 status) is of great clinical value in the management of breast cancer patients both for the determination of the prognosis of disease and for identification of those patients who are eligible for anti-HER2 therapy. Accurate assessment of the HER2 status is essential for identifying patients which will benefit from HER2 targeted therapy. HER2 status in the UK is established using a two tier strategy with IHC as the initial test and subsequent reflex of equivocal results to in situ hybridization (ISH). IHC staining of the HER2 protein is graded as 0- 3+ dependent upon the intensity of staining, cellular localisation and the percentage of cells positive in accordance with CAP/ASCO and UK guidelines. HER2 3+ cases are considered as positive, with HER2 2+ cases (equivocal) retested by ISH to ascertain the gene amplification status. Cases that are scored as 0 and 1+ by IHC have no additional testing and are classed as negative. The literature indicates that a subset of these IHC negative cases show HER2 gene amplification by FISH (range 1.1-10.7%). The aim of this audit is to evaluate the discordance rate of HER2 IHC negative, FISH positive breast cancer in the UK, with a secondary objective to resolve if this is related to the choice of antibody used. Materials and methods: This audit selected a total of 1000 sequential cases reported as HER2 negative on IHC, from three UK reference centres receiving cases from 29 different hospitals. The cases were given a unique identifying number and annonymised. Each of the three centres used a different IHC method for frontline HER2 testing with centre one using HercepTest™ (DAKO), centre two Pathway 4B5 (Roche), and centre three, Oracle (Leica Microsystems). HER2 gene amplification status was determined using dual colour FISH analysis, PathVysion (ABBOTT) fluorescence ISH (FISH) in a single centre to provide standardised methodology and assessment. HER2 was classed as amplified when the HER2/cep 17 ratio was two or greater in accordance with UK guidelines. All cases which showed discordance between IHC and FISH were retested with each of the HER2 IHC platforms to discover whether these are truly discordant results or if the discrepancy is a consequence of the choice of antibody.
Results: An interim analysis of 170 cases shows an overall IHC negative/FISH positive discordance rate of 2.37%. The discordance rate per antibody was 1.7% for HercepTest, 3.3% with 4B5 and 2.5% with Oracle. Of the FISH positive cases the HER2/cep 17 ratios ranged from 2.2 - 6.17. The overall discordance rate between IHC negative and FISH positive is in keeping with the literature and is comparable between the three IHC platforms.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- JL Starczynski
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Univeristy College London, Advanced Diagnostics, United Kingdom; United Kingdom National External Quality Assurance Scheme, London, United Kingdom
| | - FM Campbell
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Univeristy College London, Advanced Diagnostics, United Kingdom; United Kingdom National External Quality Assurance Scheme, London, United Kingdom
| | - P Jones
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Univeristy College London, Advanced Diagnostics, United Kingdom; United Kingdom National External Quality Assurance Scheme, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Gilbert
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Univeristy College London, Advanced Diagnostics, United Kingdom; United Kingdom National External Quality Assurance Scheme, London, United Kingdom
| | - JC Dowds
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Univeristy College London, Advanced Diagnostics, United Kingdom; United Kingdom National External Quality Assurance Scheme, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Miller
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Univeristy College London, Advanced Diagnostics, United Kingdom; United Kingdom National External Quality Assurance Scheme, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Ibrahim
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Univeristy College London, Advanced Diagnostics, United Kingdom; United Kingdom National External Quality Assurance Scheme, London, United Kingdom
| | - B Jasani
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Univeristy College London, Advanced Diagnostics, United Kingdom; United Kingdom National External Quality Assurance Scheme, London, United Kingdom
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Bartlett AI, Starcyznski J, Robson T, van de Velde CJH, Hasenburg A, Markopoulos C, Rea DW, Campbell FM, Bartlett JMS. Abstract PD10-03: Is 5-50% of Amplified Cells a Suitable Cut Off To Define Heterogeneous Amplification of the HER2 Oncogene? Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-pd10-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: A recent panel guideline, published on behalf of the College of American Pathologists, redefines heterogeneous amplification of HER2 as the presence of between 5-50% of cells with a HER2/CEP17 ratio ≥2.20[Vance et al., 2009]. We are unaware of pre-existing data auditing either the frequency of cells with this ratio in FISH analysis or of the clinical impact of this definition. Without such data it is difficult for clinicians to interpret the reporting of a breast cancer with 5% HER2 amplified in the context of therapeutic decision making.
Patients & Methods: An audit of FISH results from the Birmingham Heartlands Hospital (BHH) routine pathology laboratory was combined with data from analysis of the TEAM pathology study (TPS). All case reports were scanned and the percentage of amplified cells was reported in all cases with at least 20 cells scored as per UK guidelines. Interim data on 1050 cases from Birmingham & 1870 cases from the TEAM trial are reported and the impact of “heterogeneous amplification” on outcome will be presented at the meeting.
Results: Cohort 1: BHH: Of 1050 eligible cases 187 (17.8%) were amplified as defined by UK guidelines (HER2/CEP17 ratio ≥2.00). Of these 32 would be defined as “borderline” by the ASCO/CAP guidelines. All cases were referred due to equivocal IHC results (2+ etc). 147 cases exhibited ≥50% of cells with ratios >2.20 “amplified” under the CAP panel guidelines; 51/147 exhibited at least 30% of “non-amplified” cells (ratio <2.20). A further 381 cases (36.2%) exhibited between 5-50% of cells 5-50% of cells with a HER2/CEP17 ratio of greater than 2.20 and would under new CAP guidelines be regarded as exhibiting “Heterogeneous amplification”.
Cohort 2 TPS: Of 1870 eligible cases, 220 (11.2%) were amplified for HER2 as defined using conventional parameters of HER2/CEP17 ratios above 2.0(as per UK guidelines). Of these 16 cases would be defined as “borderline” by ASCO/CAP guidelines. All cases were ER+ve accounting for the lower frequency of HER2 amplification. 180 cases (9.6%) exhibited ≥50% of cells with ratios above 2.20 satisfying the new CAP guidelines for amplification (non-heterogeneous). Of these 72 (40%) exhibited at least 30% of cells with ratios <2.20.
Conclusion: Using the new CAP panel guidelines for HER2 “heterogeneous amplification” in an audit of 2920 cases identified 955 (32.7%) of heterogeneous amplification, and raised the frequency of “HER2 amplification/heterogeneous amplification” to 44% of cases evaluated. Heterogeneous amplification of the HER2 oncogene is a real and challenging diagnostic finding Evidence relating to the prognostic impact and in particular response to HER2 therapies is currently lacking for these cases. Guidelines should reflect this and seek to gather such evidence before implementing changes to diagnostic practice.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD10-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- AI Bartlett
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - J Starcyznski
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - T Robson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - A Hasenburg
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - C Markopoulos
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - DW Rea
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - FM Campbell
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - JMS. Bartlett
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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10
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Bartlett JMS, Stocken D, van de Velde CJH, Brookes CL, Robson T, Hasenburg A, Hille ETM, Kiebeck D, Markopoulos C, Mallon EA, Dirix L, Campbell FM, Seynaeve C, Rea DW. Abstract P3-10-04: An Integration of Biological and Pathological Marker Panel in the TEAM Pathology Sub-Study: The Impact of Different Parameters on Risk Estimation of Relapse at Both 2.75 and 5 Years. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs10-p3-10-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Recent evidence confirms the importance of both biological and pathological risk markers in predicting early relapse for breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapy. Most studies use a two step process integrating biological markers into a “biological predictor (e.g. Oncotype Dx, “IHC4” etc) followed by assessment of the predictive value of such tests in the context of pathological markers (grade, nodal status etc). We have taken a one step process integrating both biological and pathological markers into a single model to assess key factors for predicting outcome at 2.75 years and 5 years of endocrine therapy; to inform choices between switching, upfront and extended adjuvant treatment with AIs. Patients & Methods: Pathology blocks from 4598 TEAM patients were collected and tissue microarrays constructed. Quantitative analysis ER, PgR, Ki67, HER1, HER2, and HER3 was performed centrally. A prognostic model, integrating data from biological and pathological markers was created to assess risk (disease-free survival) after 2.75 and 5 years of follow up in the TEAM trial.
Results: Of 4595 eligible cases samples received, 16 were excluded, and 3993 had complete biomarker data for all markers for the final biomarker analysis. In univariate analysis nodal status, grade, size, age at diagnosis, HER1, HER2, PgR, ER and Ki67 were all prognostic. At 2.75 years nodal status, age, PgR histoscore, size, grade, HER2, ER histoscore and HER1 positivity were significant prognostic variables (ranked by WaldX2 statistic), Ki67 and HER3 were not included in this model. At 5 years median follow up; age, nodal status, size, PgR histoscore, grade, Ki67, HER2, and HER1 positivity were significant prognostic variables (ranked by WaldX2 statistic), ER and HER3 were not included in this model. Conclusion: Combined biological and pathological marker panels are of significant value in predicting early relapse in breast cancer patients treated with endocrine therapy, however duration of follow-up may impact on the inclusion of variables in the model. This provides significant information relevant to the choice of different adjuvant endocrine therapies.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- JMS Bartlett
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - D Stocken
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - CJH van de Velde
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - CL Brookes
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Robson
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Hasenburg
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - ETM Hille
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - D Kiebeck
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Markopoulos
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - EA Mallon
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Dirix
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - FM Campbell
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Seynaeve
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - DW. Rea
- University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Leiden University Medical Centre, Netherlands; University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany; Helios Medical Centre, Aue, Germany; Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece; Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom; AZ Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Macaskill EJ, Bartlett JMS, Sabine VS, Faratian D, Renshaw L, White S, Campbell FM, Young O, Williams L, Thomas JS, Barber MD, Dixon JM. The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus (RAD001) in early breast cancer: results of a pre-operative study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 128:725-34. [PMID: 20941539 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
mTOR plays a key role in tumor cell cycle control, proliferation, and survival. RAD001 (everolimus) is a novel macrolide that inhibits mTOR and thus downstream signaling pathways. 31 post-menopausal women with early breast cancer were given 5 mg RAD001 once daily for 14 days prior to surgery. Biopsies were taken at diagnosis and at surgery (post 14 days of treatment) and assessed for immunohistochemical changes in proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis (active caspase-3), p-AKT (s473), p-S6 (s235/236 and s240/244), p-mTOR (s2448), ER, and PR. Five patients did not complete the 2-week treatment period due to adverse events. All adverse events were grade 1 or 2 (NCIC-CTC scale). RAD001 treatment significantly decreased proliferation (geometric mean reduction 74% from baseline (p = 0.019)), particularly in HER-2 positive tumors. High Ki67 pre-treatment correlated with reduction in Ki67, an increase in apoptosis, a reduction in p-AKT (cytoplasmic) and reduction in p-mTOR following treatment. Nuclear expression of p-AKT was significantly reduced with treatment. Tumors that had a reduction in Ki67 with treatment exhibited a significant reduction in cytoplasmic p-AKT. p-S6 staining was significantly reduced independently of Ki67 (p < 0.001 for two sites of phosphorylation). RAD001 5 mg/daily is safe and tolerable in postmenopausal early breast cancer patients and inhibits the mTOR pathway and its downstream effectors, significantly reducing tumor cell proliferation. Tumors with high Ki67, high p-AKT, and HER-2 positivity may be more responsive to mTOR inhibition with RAD001. This is the first study to report results of RAD001 5 mg as a single agent in early breast cancer.
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Hammond PJ, Amiel SA, Dayan CM, Kerr D, Pickup JC, Shaw JAM, Campbell FM, Greene SA, Hindmarsh PC. ABCD position statement on continuous glucose monitoring: use of glucose sensing in outpatient clinical diabetes care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Brown SBF, Mallon EA, Edwards J, Campbell FM, McGlynn LM, Elsberger B, Cooke TG. Is the biology of breast cancer changing? A study of hormone receptor status 1984-1986 and 1996-1997. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:807-10. [PMID: 19223901 PMCID: PMC2653769 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Using archived tumours, those from 1984–1986 and 1996–1997 underwent immunohistochemistry for hormone receptors and grade analysis. A significant shift towards more ER-positive and low-grade disease was found; this appears to reflect screening practices, but could still influence survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B F Brown
- Department of Surgery, Crosshouse Hospital, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Scotland, UK.
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14
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Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #3002
Introduction: Aberrations of chromosome 17 (aneusomy) are common in breast cancer and therefore have a critical impact on the assessment and reporting of HER2 gene amplification in a significant sub-set of cases. There is an ongoing debate as to the proportion of cases for which assessment of chromosome 17 copy number may be important. According to current guidelines1,2, amplification of HER2 is considered to be a HER2/chromosome 17 ratio ≥2.0 and a ratio <2.0 is regarded as non-amplified. For HER2 gene copy number assays, it has been assumed that copy numbers of >6.0 reflect amplification and a result of <4.0 HER2 gene copies per nucleus is always associated with lack of amplification; cases with 4-6 copies per cell are thought to require validation by testing of a parallel section for chromosome 171,2. To our knowledge, this assumption has not been verified experimentally.
 Methods: HER2 and chromosome 17 were measured by dual color FISH in 1711 breast cancer samples referred to the authors laboratories between 2000-2008. Using HER2 copy number and chromosome 17 data the impact of chromosome 17 testing upon accuracy of diagnosis of gene amplification was assessed.
 Results: At a HER2 copy number of 2 to <3, 16 of 488 cases (3.3%) had HER2 amplification; and at a copy number of 3 to <4, 32 of 195 cases (16.4%) were amplified. The proportion of cases with HER2 amplification increased considerably at HER2 copy numbers of 4 to <7: 50.0% at 4 to <5; 67.5% at 5 to <6, and 77.3% at 6 to <7. Virtually all cases were amplified at HER2 copy numbers of ≥7.
 Conclusion: Werecommend that all cases with observed HER2 copy numbers of 2 to 7 should also be analyzed for chromosome 17 in order to accurately determine HER2 gene amplification. This would require analysis of chromosome 17 in 48.3% of all breast cancer cases based upon the study population. Current guidelines1,2 recommend chromosome 17 measurement only in cases with a HER2 copy number of 4 to <6, which represents only 6.6% of all breast cancer cases in the current study. Although single color ISH is becoming more widely used with the availability of CISH, the importance of chromosome 17 measurement cannot be ignored. It is essential that HER2 testing is of high quality, so that optimal patient management can be provided.
 1. Ellis IO, Bartlett J, Dowsett M et al: Updated recommendations for HER2 testing in the UK. J.Clin.Path. 57(3), 233-237 (2004).
 2. Wolff AC, Hammond ME, Schwartz JN et al: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 25(1), 118-145 (2007).
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3002.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Bartlett
- 1 Endocrine Cancer Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - FM Campbell
- 1 Endocrine Cancer Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - EA Mallon
- 2 Department of Pathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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15
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Brown SB, Mallon EA, Edwards J, McGlynn LM, Campbell FM, Timothy CG. Is the biology of breast cancer changing? A study of hormone receptor status and grade of breast cancers 1984-1986 and 1996-97. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-3088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #3088
Introduction: There has been a significant improvement in breast cancer survival in the UK in recent decades. Changes in the molecular epidemiology of breast cancers may have contributed to this, but the existing evidence may be confounded by heterogeneity of laboratory protocols. This study aimed to re-analyse the molecular profile of breast cancers from two different time periods using archived tissue. Methods: Archived tumour samples from all breast cancer patients at two Glasgow hospitals between 1984-86 and 1996-97 were sought, and linked to clinicopathologic, screening, demographic and survival data. Patients in the 1984-6 cohort would not have been offered mammographic screening but those in 1996-97 would have. Samples were placed in tissue microarrays and underwent immunohistochemistry for ER, PR and Her-2 status with strict standardisation. H&E sections were constructed to assess tumour grade. Statistical analysis included Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox's regression. Results: 900 tumour samples underwent staining. In 1984-86, 8% of tumours were grade 1 and 42.9% grade 3 but in 1996-97 14.9% were grade 1 and 36.8% grade 3 (p=0.009). This effect appeared to be exerted by the presence of screen detected tumours in 1996-97 (p for difference in grade distribution between symptomatic patients between 1984-86 and 1996-97 = 2). In 1984-86 64.2% of tumours were ER positive and in 1996-97 71.5% were ER positive (p=0.042). This did not appear to be a function of the screening programme as there was a significant rise in ER positivity in symptomatic patients between the two cohorts (p=0.024). 44.9% of tumours in 1984-86 and 49.9% of tumours in 1996-97 were PR positive (p=0.181). 21.5% of tumours in 1984-86 and 20.6% of tumours in 1996-97 were Her-2 positive (p=0.772). 5-year survival in 1984-1986 patients was significantly lower than in 1996-1997 patients (p<0.001). When the effect of cohort on survival was adjusted for these changes in ER status and grade, cohort remained a significant independent factor. Conclusions: This study suggests a small but significant rise has occurred in the incidence of ER positive tumours in women in Glasgow. There has also been a shift in grade distribution of tumours, which is likely to be an effect of the NHS screening programme. The changes do not fully explain improvements in breast cancer survival but should be borne in mind when applying the results of clinical trials performed in the past to the women of today.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3088.
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Affiliation(s)
- SB Brown
- 1 University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - EA Mallon
- 2 Department of Histopathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J Edwards
- 1 University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - LM McGlynn
- 1 University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - FM Campbell
- 1 University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - CG Timothy
- 1 University Department of Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Bartlett JM, Thomas JS, Chetty U, Seitz RS, Ross DT, Ring BZ, Pedersen HC, Beck RA, Campbell FM, Jack W, Kerr G, McKay L, Kunkler IH. Mammostrat® as a tool to stratify patients at risk of recurrence during endocrine therapy. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-3026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #3026
Background: Patients with early stage ER+ve breast cancer have excellent prognosis with ca 90% 5 year disease free survival when treated with endocrine therapy. However for patients who relapse during endocrine therapy additional adjuvant therapy options, such as chemotherapy, are indicated. The challenge is to prospectively identify such patients. The Mammostrat® test comprises 5 simple immunohistochemical markers (p53, HTF9C, CEACAM5, NDRG1, SLC7A5) which stratify node negative tamoxifen treated patients into low, moderate and high risk groups. We have now tested the efficacy of this panel in a mixed population of node positive/node negative cases treated in a single centre (Edinburgh Breast Unit) with breast conserving surgery.
 Methods: TMAs from a consecutive series (1981-98) of 1,812 women managed by wide local excision and postoperative radiotherapy (45Gy in 20-25 fractions) were collected following appropriate ethical review. Of 1390 cases stained, 197 received no adjuvant hormonal or chemotherapy, 1044 received tamoxifen only as adjuvant therapy and 149 received a combination of hormonal and chemotherapy. Median age at diagnosis was 57, 71% were post-menopausal, 23.9% node positive, median size was 1.5 cm. Samples were stained, using triplicate 0.6mm2 TMA cores and positivity for p53, HTF9C, CEACAM5, NDRG1, SLC7A5 recorded as previously described. Each case was assigned a Mammostrat score and RFS and OS analysed by marker positivity and Mammostrat score.
 Results: Staining for all 5 antibodies was successful in 1174/1390 (84%) of cases. In the primary analysis of 531 N0/ER+ve Tamoxifen only treated patients Mammostrat was significantly associated with relapse free survival (RFS) in univariate (p=0.025) & multivariate proportional hazards analysis (p=0.01, HR=1.3, 95%C.I. 1.08-1.74). PgR, multifocality and menopausal status were significant co-variates (p<0.05, HR 0.89, 2.0 & 0.6 respectively). The Nottingham prognostic index was non-significant. Of the 5 antibodies, only p53 (p=0.04) was independently predictive of survival.
 In a secondary univariate analysis of 781 patients (including N+ve and chemo/tam treated patients) Mammostrat was predictive of RFS & OS (p<0.01) with NDRG1/CEACAM5/p53 also predictive of RFS(p<0.05). However Mammostrat was not independent of nodal status, pathological size, grade or multifocality in a proportional hazards analysis.
 Discussion: In the Edinburgh BCS population Mammostrat was predictive of RFS (both local and distant relapses) in N-ve/ER+ve patients treated with tamoxifen alone irrespective of menopausal status. There was a strong correlation between Mammostrat scores and grade, however, in a multivariate analysis Mammostrat contributed significantly to prognostication along with PgR, multifocality and menopausal status.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3026.
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Affiliation(s)
- JM Bartlett
- 1 Endocrine Cancer Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - JS Thomas
- 2 Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - U Chetty
- 2 Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - RS Seitz
- 3 Applied Genomics Inc, Burlinghame, CA
| | - DT Ross
- 3 Applied Genomics Inc, Burlinghame, CA
| | - BZ Ring
- 3 Applied Genomics Inc, Burlinghame, CA
| | - HC Pedersen
- 1 Endocrine Cancer Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - RA Beck
- 3 Applied Genomics Inc, Burlinghame, CA
| | - FM Campbell
- 1 Endocrine Cancer Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - W Jack
- 2 Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - G Kerr
- 2 Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - L McKay
- 1 Endocrine Cancer Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - IH Kunkler
- 2 Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Kirkegaard T, Nielsen KV, Jensen LB, Campbell FM, Müller S, Tovey SM, Brown S, Cooke TG, Bartlett JMS. Genetic alterations of CCND1 and EMSY in breast cancers. Histopathology 2008; 52:698-705. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Clapperton M, Bishop SC, Piñeiro M, Campbell FM, Glass EJ. The association between plasma levels of acute phase proteins, haptoglobin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), Pig-MAP, transthyretin and serum amyloid A (SAA) in Large White and Meishan pigs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007; 119:303-9. [PMID: 17629575 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
During infection, the acute phase response triggers the release of acute phase proteins (APP), alpha-(1) acid glycoprotein (AGP), serum amyloid A (SAA) and Pig-MAP into the circulation, accompanied by a decrease in plasma levels of transthyretin. We quantified the association between these APP in 26 apparently healthy pigs from two breeds, 13 Large White and 13 Meishan (16 male; 10 female). There was a significant correlation between plasma levels of haptoglobin and Pig-MAP (r=0.57; p<0.05), but no significant associations between any of the other APP tested. We also measured the relationship between PigMAP, transthyretin and SAA, and the proportions of peripheral blood mononuclear sub-sets, CD8(+) cells, CD4(+) cells, CD11R1(+) cells, MHC DQ(+) cells, and monocytes. There were correlations between both plasma levels of Pig-MAP and the proportion of monocytes (r=0.55; p<0.05) and plasma levels of transthyretin and the proportion of MHC DQ(+) cells (r=0.40; p<0.01). Breed and sex influenced plasma levels of Pig-MAP but not plasma levels of transthyretin. Overall, these results suggest closer links between the mechanisms that regulate the release haptoglobin, Pig-MAP and monocytes compared to those that regulate the release of AGP, SAA and transthyretin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Clapperton
- Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK.
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Martinez-Subiela S, Eckersall PD, Campbell FM, Parra MD, Fuentes P, Ceron JJ. A time-resolved immunofluorometric assay for porcine C-reactive protein quantification in whole blood. LUMINESCENCE 2007; 22:171-6. [PMID: 17262722 DOI: 10.1002/bio.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TR-IFMA) for C-reactive protein (CRP) determination in whole blood of pigs was developed and validated. CRP was isolated from porcine acute-phase serum by affinity chromatography on agarose, coupled with phosphorylethanolamine and polyclonal antibodies to porcine CRP were purified from antiserum raised in sheep immunized with porcine CRP. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were in the range 3.13-7.19% and 7.06-15.66%, respectively, showing good precision. The assay measured the CRP values in a proportional and linear manner (r=0.99); additionally, CRP concentrations measured in whole blood by the present TR-IFMA and in serum by an established immunoturbidimetric assay were highly correlated (R(2)=0.97). The limit of detection of the method was 0.0028 mg/L. Significantly lower CRP concentrations were observed after 7 days of sample storage at 4 degrees C. The injection of turpentine oil caused a significant increase in CRP concentrations and significantly higher CRP concentrations were observed in pigs with pathological processes compared to healthy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martinez-Subiela
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Sorensen NS, Tegtmeier C, Andresen LO, Piñeiro M, Toussaint MJM, Campbell FM, Lampreave F, Heegaard PMH. The porcine acute phase protein response to acute clinical and subclinical experimental infection with Streptococcus suis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 113:157-68. [PMID: 16774789 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The pig acute phase protein (APP) response to experimental Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infection was mapped by the measurement of the positive APPs C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp) and major acute phase protein (pig-MAP) and the negative APPs albumin and apolipoprotein (Apo) A-I. The aim was to elucidate the differences in the acute phase behaviour of the individual APPs during a typical bacterial septicaemic infection. Pigs were inoculated subcutaneously with live S. suis serotype 2 and blood was sampled before and on various days post inoculation (p.i.), until the pigs were killed and autopsied on day 14 p.i. Clinical signs (fever and lameness) were observed in four of the five inoculated pigs from day 2 p.i., and these pigs also had arthritic lesions at autopsy. CRP and SAA showed fast increases in serum concentrations, CRP being elevated from days 1 to 12 p.i. and peaking at 10 times the day 0-levels on day 1 p.i. SAA rose quickly to peak levels of 30-40 times the day 0-level on days 1-2 and returned to pre-inoculation level on day 5 p.i. Hp and pig-MAP showed slightly slower responses, both peaking around 5 days p.i. Hp was increased throughout the experiment with maximum levels around 10 times the day 0-levels, and pig-MAP was elevated on days 1-12 p.i. with peak levels of around seven times the day 0-levels. Apo A-I was decreased from days 1 to 8 and showed minimum levels of about 40% of day 0-levels around 1-2 days p.i. No clear pattern of changes in albumin levels could be identified. One pig, showing clinical signs on day 2 only, also showed an APP response, although of a relatively short duration, whereas three pigs presenting clinical signs for several days had a more protracted acute phase response. Remarkably, the one pig showing no clinical signs and no arthritic lesions showed an APP response comparable to that of the other, clinically affected pigs. Thus, both acute clinical and subclinical S. suis infection could be revealed by the measurement of one or more of the APPs CRP, SAA, Hp, pig-MAP and Apo A-I. The combined measurement of two or three APPs, including proteins with slow and fast kinetics, should be used to achieve the highest sensitivity for the detection of ongoing S. suis infection during a prolonged time period. A diagnostic tool based on such APP-measurements could considerably improve strategic control procedures for this important infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Sorensen
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostics and Research, Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark.
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Abstract
AIMS Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) are now responsible for the planning and delivery of health-care services throughout England and Wales. As the 25 PCTs throughout Yorkshire are representative of the national distribution in terms of population structure and socio-economic status, we aimed to address the paucity of information describing the burden of childhood diabetes in primary care and to evaluate the cost implications of insulin pump therapy on individual PCTs. METHODS We extracted information from a population-based register in Yorkshire, including 1952 patients diagnosed under the age of 15 years from 1990 to 2003. Each patient's postcode was linked to an individual PCT. Incidence rates (per 100 000 patient years) were derived and assessed for evidence of heterogeneity across PCTs and within Strategic Health Authorities (SHAs). RESULTS Incidence rates were lower in West Yorkshire (19.1, 95% CI 18.0-20.2) than North-east Yorkshire (20.3, 18.9-21.6), although this difference was not significant (P = 0.20). No significant evidence of heterogeneity in incidence rates was observed across PCTs (P = 0.46). Ninety per cent of all PCTs would expect four to seven newly diagnosed children per year, corresponding to a single general practitioner (GP) referring an individual for diagnosis once every 15 years on average. Assuming 1% of current patients under the age of 15 years with diabetes were to move onto insulin pump therapy, this would impose an additional cost of pound400-1300 per year for each PCT. The average cost was 15% lower for PCTs in West Yorkshire than North and East Yorkshire. CONCLUSIONS The additional resources required to pay for insulin pump therapy for a small proportion of the diabetes population would be minimal given the potential benefits to these patients of improved control and anticipated reduction in long-term morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Feltbower
- Paediatric Epidemiology Group, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Following recent reports of increased numbers of adolescents being diagnosed with the adult or type 2 form of diabetes we aimed to describe the prevalence of both type 2 and other forms of diabetes in an urban population of children and young people in northern England. METHODS A hospital based cross sectional study was performed in patients aged < or =30 years attending diabetic clinics in Leeds during the year 2000. RESULTS A total of 677 subjects were identified, of whom 621 (92%) and 37 (5%) had type 1 and type 2 diabetes respectively. Four patients had confirmed maturity onset diabetes of the young, while the cause was uncertain for four. Median age of all patients was 22 years, with 396 (58%) aged 20-30; 32/37 patients with type 2 diabetes were aged 20-30. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 0.13 per 1000 overall, compared to 2.2 per 1000 for patients with type 1 diabetes. Of all type 2 diabetes patients, 24% were south Asian compared to 5% of the background population; 87% were categorised into the two least affluent tertiles of the Townsend score. This link with deprivation was not explained by the proportion of Asian patients across tertiles (approximately 25%). CONCLUSIONS This study shows extremely low prevalence of type 2 diabetes in 10-19 year olds, but will provide a baseline for future comparisons. Overall, type 2 diabetes is seen more commonly in south Asians, and an association with deprivation is suggested.
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Campbell FM, Ashburn AM, Pickering RM, Burnett M. Head and pelvic movements during a dynamic reaching task in sitting: implications for physical therapists. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 82:1655-60. [PMID: 11733878 DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.26818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the distance reached, speed, and movement of the head and pelvis of healthy volunteers; to describe any influence of age on these variables; and to compare healthy volunteers and subjects with hemiplegia while performing a seated reaching task. DESIGN Age-matched, case-control study. SETTING Gait laboratory in a general hospital. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 53 healthy volunteers (30 women; 23 men; mean age, 57yr; range, 30-79yr) and 5 subjects with hemiplegia (2 women, 3 men; mean age, 65yr; range, 60-78yr) were recruited within 6 weeks poststroke. INTERVENTIONS Participants sat on a bench with feet supported and reached laterally as far as they could without falling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The speed, distance reached, and angular movements of the head and pelvis were recorded by using the 3-dimensional movement analysis system. RESULTS A significant age-related reduction in the distance reached (p < .001), velocity of the movement (p =.000), and pelvic tilt used (p < .01) was found among healthy volunteers. Comparison of data from healthy volunteers and subjects with hemiplegia showed a significant reduction in the angular movements of the heads of subjects with hemiplegia. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest conservation of movement with increasing age and stroke. This movement reduction could have negative effects on a subject's ability to make postural changes in response to disturbance and activity. Such information may assist therapists to gain insight into the nature of balance deficits and the adaptive behavior that could result.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Campbell
- Rehabilitation Research Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, England
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Mukhopadhyay S, Muimo R, Campbell FM, Gordon MJ, Monaghan AS, Dutta-Roy AK. Preferential distribution of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospatidyl ethanolamine fraction of guinea pig alveolar apical membranes. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2000; 62:341-8. [PMID: 10913226 DOI: 10.1054/plef.2000.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the fatty acid distribution in guinea pig alveolar apical membranes at different developmental stages. Fatty acid composition of the purified membranes isolated from guinea pig fetuses (at 65 day, term=68 day), neonates (day 1) and adult males was determined. The levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were higher in the adult guinea pig alveolar apical membrane phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) fraction (9. 3+/-2.2 and 2.9+/-1.0%, respectively) while in other phospholipids (PL) fractions their levels were low or absent (P<0.01). Furthermore, levels of AA and DHA in the PE fraction of apical membrane increased significantly from fetal (6.6+/-3.0 and 0.8+/-0.4%, respectively) to neonatal life (10.3+/-1.5 and 3.0+/-0.8%, respectively). Increase in the level of DHA (almost four-fold) was much more pronounced than that of AA (P<0.05). As for guinea pig alveolar membranes, EPA and AA were mostly present in the PE fraction in pulmonary adenocarcinoma derived cells (A549 cells), a parallel model of type II pneumocytes, with the levels of AA around three-fold greater than that of EPA, Binding of radiolabelled fatty acids to A549 cells showed no significant differences between the maximum uptake achieved for different fatty acids (AA, 1.7+/-0.2, EPA, 2.3+/-0.3, LA, 1.7+/-0.2, OA, 2.0+/-0.2nmol/mg protein, P>0.5). Once the fatty acids were taken up by these cells AA was mostly identifiable in the monoacylglycerol (MAG) fraction, whereas EPA was equally distributed between the MAG and PL fractions. Oleic acid was mainly present in the triglyceride (TAG) fraction whereas LA was evenly distributed between the TAG, MAG, and PL fractions. Our data demonstrate a preferential distribution of AA and DHA in PE fractions of alveolar apical membranes during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Child Health, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
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25
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardiovascular reflex responses to injury and simple hemorrhage are coordinated in the central nervous system. Coincidental brain injury, which is present in 64% of trauma patients who die, could impair these homeostatic responses. The occurrence of hemorrhagic shock in the patient with head injury is also known to increase mortality. Therefore, there is a potential bidirectional interaction between traumatic brain injury and peripheral injury, which would result in an increased mortality when these two injuries coexist. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that moderate traumatic brain injury is an independent predictor of outcome in patients with multisystem trauma. METHODS We carried out an analysis of the UK Trauma Audit and Research Network Database. Moderate traumatic brain injury was defined as an Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 3. The study population included 2,717 patients with multisystem injury: 378 patients had a moderate brain injury with peripheral injury, and 2,339 patients had extracranial injury alone. Mortality rates for both groups were compared at increasing injury severity. RESULTS Moderate brain injury alone was associated with a mortality rate of 4.2%. However, when combined with extracranial injury, the risk of death was double that attributable to extracranial injury alone (odds ratio, 2.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.57-2.77). CONCLUSION This study confirms that the coexistence of moderate traumatic brain injury with extracranial injury is associated with a doubling of the predicted mortality rate throughout the injury severity ranges studied.
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Campbell FM, Heyes CM, Goldsmith AR. Stimulus learning and response learning by observation in the European starling, in a two-object/two-action test. Anim Behav 1999; 58:151-158. [PMID: 10413551 DOI: 10.1006/anbe.1999.1121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, were allowed to observe a conspecific demonstrator using its beak to remove one of two distinctively coloured objects (i.e. a red or a black plug) from a hole in the lid of a plastic box. Both plugs could be removed by either pulling up on a loop of string inserted through the centre of the plug, or pushing down on the plug. When subsequently allowed access to the plugs, and rewarded with food for all removal responses, regardless of the object to which they were made and their direction, observer birds removed the same plug in the same direction as their demonstrator. These results suggest that the two-object/two-action paradigm is a valuable procedure for testing for the simultaneous effects of learning about a stimulus and a response, an object and an action, through conspecific observation. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- FM Campbell
- Department of Psychology, University College London
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27
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Campbell FM, Browning R, Latimer CJ. Charge transfer between H2+and AR: the effect of molecular vibration studied using photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/13/21/018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Campbell FM, Browning R, Latimer CJ. Symmetric charge transfer in argon, krypton and xenon: the effect of spin-orbit coupling studied using photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/14/7/013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Latimer CJ, Campbell FM. The effect of vibrational and electronic energy on near-resonant charge-transfer processes involving the rare gases and simple molecules. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3700/15/11/021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
To elucidate further the role of placental membrane fatty acid-binding protein (p-FABPpm) in preferential transfer of maternal plasma long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) across the human placenta, direct binding of the purified protein with various radiolabelled fatty acids (docosahexaenoic, arachidonic, linoleic and oleic acids) was investigated. Binding of these fatty acids to the protein revealed that p-FABPpm had higher affinities and binding capacities for arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids compared with linoleic and oleic acids. The apparent binding capacities (Bmax) values for oleic, linoleic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids were 2.0 +/- 0.14, 2.1 +/- 0.17, 3.5 +/- 0.11, 4.0 +/- 0.10 mol per mol of p-FABPpm whereas the apparent dissociation constant (Kd) values were 1.0 +/- .0.07, 0.73 +/- 0.04, 0.45 +/- 0.03 and 0.4 +/- 0.02 microM, respectively (n=3). In the case of human serum albumin, the Kd and Bmax values for all fatty acids were around 1 microM and 5 mol/mol of protein, respectively. These data provide direct evidence for the role of p-FABPpm in preferential sequestration of maternal arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids by the placenta for transport to the fetus by virtue of its preferential binding of these fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Campbell
- Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Crabtree JT, Gordon MJ, Campbell FM, Dutta-Roy AK. Differential distribution and metabolism of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid by human placental choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells. Mol Cell Biochem 1998; 185:191-8. [PMID: 9746226 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006852230337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The time course of incorporation of [14C]arachidonic acid and [3H]docosahexaenoic acid into various lipid fractions in placental choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells was investigated. BeWo cells were found to rapidly incorporate exogenous [14C]arachidonic acid and [3H] docosahexaenoic acid into the total cellular lipid pool. The extent of docosahexaenoic acid esterification was more rapid than for arachidonic acid, although this difference abated with time to leave only a small percentage of the fatty acids in their unesterified form. Furthermore, uptake was found to be saturable. In the cellular lipids these fatty acids were mainly esterified into the phospholipid (PL) and the triacyglycerol (TAG) fractions. Smaller amounts were also detected in the diacylglycerol and cholesterol ester fractions. Almost 60% of the total amount of [3H]Docosahexaenoic acid taken up by the cells was esterified into TAG whereas 37% was in PL fractions. For arachidonic acid the reverse was true, 60% of the total uptake was incorporated into PL fractions whereas less than 35% was in TAG. Marked differences were also found in the distribution of the fatty acids into individual phospholipid classes. The higher incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid was found in PC and PE, respectively. The greater cellular uptake of docosahexaenoic acid and its preferential incorporation in TAG suggests that both uptake and transport modes of this fatty acid by the placenta to fetus is different from that of arachidonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Crabtree
- Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Campbell FM, Bush PG, Veerkamp JH, Dutta-Roy AK. Detection and cellular localization of plasma membrane-associated and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in human placenta. Placenta 1998; 19:409-15. [PMID: 9699962 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(98)90081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate location and the types of membrane-associated and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins in human placental trophoblasts using monospecific polyclonal antibodies. Western blot analysis demonstrated the presence of multiple membrane and cytoplasmic fatty acid transport/binding proteins in human placenta. In addition to previously reported placental membrane fatty acid-binding (p-FABPpm, 40 kDa), fatty acid translocase (FAT, 88 kDa) and fatty acid transport protein (FATP, 62 kDa) were detected in both microvillous and basal membranes of the human placenta. Among the cytoplasmic proteins, heart (H) and liver (L) type FABP were detected in the cytosol of the human placental primary trophoblasts as well as in human placental choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells. The immunoreactivity of epidermal type (E)-FABP was not detected in trophoblasts or BeWo cells despite its presence in human placental cytosol. Location of FAT and FATP on the both sides of the bipolar placental cells may favour transport of free fatty acids (FFA) pool in both directions i.e. from the mother to the fetus and vice versa. However, p-FABPpm, because of its exclusive location on the microvillous membranes, may favour the unidirectional flow of maternal plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids present in the FFA pool to the fetus, due to binding specificity for these fatty acids. Although the roles of these proteins in placental fatty acid uptake and metabolism are yet to be understood fully, their complex interaction may be involved in the uptake of maternal FFA by the placenta for delivery to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Campbell
- Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Abstract
Relatively high concentrations of leptin are present in plasma and it is thought to play a major role in lipid homeostasis. Leptin is reported to lower tissue triglyceride content by increasing intracellular oxidation of free fatty acids (FFA). However very little is known regarding the interaction between leptin and plasma FFA. We studied the interaction of FFA with leptin using a direct radiolabelled fatty acid binding assay, a fluorescence assay, electrophoretic mobility and autoradiobinding. All these data indicate that binding of FFA with leptin is reversible and shows a positive co-operativity. The binding of FFA to leptin produces a change in the pI value of the leptin and also increased the electrophoretic mobility of the protein in native polyacrylamide gels. The change in leptin's electrophoretic mobility depends on the chain length and the number of double bonds of the fatty acid, as stearic acid, 18:0, had no effect whereas oleic acid, 18:1n-9, linoleic acid, 18:2n-6, arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6, and docosahexaneoic acid, 22:6n-3, affected leptin's mobility to different degrees. The physiological implication of leptin-FFA interaction is not known, however the interaction may depend on the plasma FFA composition and concentration which are known to vary in different pathological/physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Campbell
- Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Campbell FM, Clohessy AM, Gordon MJ, Page KR, Dutta-Roy AK. Uptake of long chain fatty acids by human placental choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells: role of plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein. J Lipid Res 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)30040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Campbell FM, Clohessy AM, Gordon MJ, Page KR, Dutta-Roy AK. Uptake of long chain fatty acids by human placental choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells: role of plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein. J Lipid Res 1997; 38:2558-68. [PMID: 9458279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the mechanisms by which fatty acids are taken up by the placenta, the uptake of oleic, linoleic, arachidonic, and docosahexaenoic acids by cultured human placental choriocarcinoma (BeWo) cells was examined. Fatty acid uptake by BeWo cells was temperature-dependent and exhibited saturable kinetics. Oleic acid was taken up least and docosahexaenoic acid most by these cells. Moreover, competitive studies of fatty acid uptake by BeWo cells also indicated preferential uptake compared with oleic acid in the order of docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, and linoleic acid. Western blot analysis demonstrated that BeWo cells express a protein immunoreactive with antibodies to the human placental plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein (p-FABPpm). Furthermore, pre-treatment of BeWo cells with these antibodies inhibited most of the uptake of docosahexaenoic (64%) and arachidonic acids (68%) whereas oleic acid uptake was inhibited only 32% compared with the controls treated with preimmune serum. These results clearly demonstrate that the pFABPpm may be involved in the preferential uptake of essential fatty acids (EFA) and their long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) by these cells. Studies on the distribution of radiolabeled fatty acids in the cellular lipids of BeWo cells showed that docosahexaenoic acid was incorporated mainly in the triacylglycerol fraction, followed by the phospholipid fraction, whereas for arachidonic acid the reverse was true. The preferential incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid into triacylglycerol suggests that triacylglycerol may play an important role in the placental transport of docosahexaenoic acid to the fetal circulation. Together these results demonstrate the preferential uptake of EFA/LCPUFA by BeWo cells that is most probably mediated via the pFABPpm. We thus propose that the p-FABPpm may be involved in the sequestration of maternal plasma LCPUFA by the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Campbell
- Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gordon
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Campbell FM, Dutta-Roy AK. Asymmetric distribution of the plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) in the human placenta. Biochem Soc Trans 1996; 24:249S. [PMID: 8736907 DOI: 10.1042/bst024249s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F M Campbell
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K
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Dutta-Roy AK, Crosbie LC, Gordon MJ, Campbell FM. Platelet membrane glycoprotein IV (CD36) is involved in arachidonic acid induced-platelet aggregation. Biochem Soc Trans 1996; 24:167S. [PMID: 8736825 DOI: 10.1042/bst024167s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A K Dutta-Roy
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen
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Campbell FM, Gordon MJ, Dutta-Roy AK. Preferential uptake of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by isolated human placental membranes. Mol Cell Biochem 1996; 155:77-83. [PMID: 8717442 DOI: 10.1007/bf00714336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid uptake by the placenta is thought to be a carrier-mediated process, however the mechanism by which long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are preferentially accumulated from the maternal circulation to the fetal tissues is still unclear. To examine the role of the placenta in this process, binding of four different radiolabelled fatty acids (-14C-oleate, -14C-linoleate, [14C]a-linolenate and [14C]arachidonate) to human placental membranes was studied. Binding of fatty acid was found to be time- and temperature dependent. At equilibrium, the total binding of oleate was highest (5.1 +/- 0.1 nmoles/mg protein) followed by linoleate (2.8 +/- 0.31 nmoles/mg protein) and arachidonate (2.06 +/- 0.4 nmoles/mg protein) and alpha-linolenate binding was lowest (0.5 +/- 0.1 nmoles/mg protein). However, oleate had the lowest specific binding (37% of the total binding) whereas arachidonate had the highest specific binding (approximately 86% of the total binding) followed by linoleate and a-linolenate (62%, and 69% of the total binding, respectively). Binding of each [14C] fatty acid was also assessed in the presence of 20-fold excess of other unlabelled ligands. Binding sites seem to have preference for the binding of [14C] fatty acids in the following order: arachidonic acid >>> linoleic acid >> a-linolenic acid >>>>> oleic acid, whereas BSP and a-tocopherol did not show any competition with any of the [14C] fatty acids. These data suggest that the fatty acid binding sites in placental membranes are specific for the fatty acids but that they have heterogeneous affinities. Trans fatty acids (elaidic and linoelaidic acids) also competed very strongly for the [14C] fatty acid binding. Polyclonal antiserum raised against placental FABPpm inhibited binding of these [14C] fatty acids but with variable degrees of inhibition; EFA/LCPUFA binding was much more than that of oleate. Our data suggest that EFA/LCPUFA bound to albumin are preferentially transported by human placental membranes and that the placental FABPpm may be involved in the sequestration of EFA/LCPUFA by the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Campbell
- Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Campbell FM, Dutta-Roy AK. Plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) is exclusively located in the maternal facing membranes of the human placenta. FEBS Lett 1995; 375:227-30. [PMID: 7498505 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)01216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We reported earlier the presence of a 40 kDa plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) in human placenta. This protein is thought to be involved in the sequestration of unesterified free fatty acids bound to albumin from the maternal plasma for delivery to the fetus. However, its location in human placental syncytiotrophoblasts is not known. These cells are bipolar; one side facing maternal circulation (microvillous membranes), and the other side facing fetal circulation (basal membranes). Therefore, it is important to resolve the location of this protein in trophoblast membranes in order to understand fatty acid transport and metabolism in human placenta. Isolated plasma membranes vesicles were prepared respectively from the maternal facing microvillous and fetal facing surface of the human full-term placental syncytiotrophoblast. Using these membrane preparations, fatty acid binding activity, the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis radiobinding assay for FABPpm, and Western blot analysis of FABPpm were carried out to determine the location of this protein in these membranes. Based on the above studies we conclude that the FABPpm is located exclusively in the microvillous membranes. Since FABPpm may be responsible for FFA uptake, its location in the microvillous membranes favours the unidirectional flow of maternal FFA to the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Campbell
- Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Campbell
- University of Leeds School of Medicine, Division of Paediatrics and Child Health, St James's University Hospital
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Campbell FM, Taffesse S, Gordon MJ, Dutta-Roy AK. Plasma membrane fatty-acid-binding protein in human placenta: identification and characterization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1995; 209:1011-7. [PMID: 7733952 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A plasma membrane fatty-acid-binding protein (FABPpm) with a molecular mass of approximately 40 kDa has been identified in human placenta. Binding of both [14C] oleate and [14C] linoleate to human placental membranes was found to be time and temperature dependent. Sulphobromophthalein and alpha-tocopherol did not show competition with the [14C] fatty acid binding. These data suggest that the binding sites are specific for fatty acids. incubation of the membranes with trypsin reduced fatty acid binding activity, indicating that the binding sites were protein in nature. A FABPpm was then solubilized from placental membranes and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The fatty acid binding activity of the purified protein was confirmed by autoradioblotting. Polyclonal antiserum raised to FABPpm reduced fatty acid binding to placental membrane significantly compared with preimmune serum. The pI value and the amino acid composition of the protein suggest that the placental FABPpm is different from the previously identified hepatic FABPpm.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Campbell
- Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K
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Abstract
We previously reported the identification of a new alpha-tocopherol-binding protein (approximately 15 kDa) in the cytosol of rat liver and heart and in rabbit heart (A.K. Dutta-Roy et al., J. Nutr. Biochem. 5, 562-570, 1994). This protein specifically binds alpha-tocopherol and enhances its transfer between separate membranes. In the present paper we have purified and characterized the alpha-tocopherol-binding protein from bovine heart cytosol and compared its various structural and functional properties with the similar size (approximately 15 kDa) cytosolic fatty acid-binding protein of this tissue. alpha-Tocopherol-binding protein was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from bovine heart cytosol by a procedure involving precipitation with 70% ammonium sulfate, followed sequentially by gel filtration chromatography and chromatofocusing. The purified protein migrated as a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular mass of 16 kDa. Isoelectric focusing of the purified protein showed that the pI value is around 4.5. The binding of alpha-tocopherol to the purified protein was rapid, reversible, and saturable. The alpha-tocopherol-binding protein did not bind oleate as assessed by direct radiolabeled fatty acid binding and fluorescence enhancement assay. Amino acid analysis showed the presence of a large number of Ala, Gly, Ser, Lys, and Pro residues and a lesser number of aromatic residues in this protein. Anti-bovine heart fatty acid-binding protein antibody did not recognize the alpha-tocopherol-binding protein in the Western blot. The Western blot, ligand affinity, molecular size, and amino acid analysis data suggest that the alpha-tocopherol-binding protein is different from the cytosolic fatty acid-binding protein and that it may be involved in intracellular transport and metabolism of alpha-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gordon
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Abnormalities of sodium-lithium countertransport have been extensively implicated in adult primary hypertension and a relationship between sodium-lithium countertransport and family history of hypertension in children has been previously found. More recently it has been suggested that increased sodium-lithium countertransport may play a part in the pathogenesis of nephropathy in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Children and adolescents with IDDM and their family members were studied. In those with IDDM (n = 36, median age 14.6 years, range 9.5-19.2 years) there was no relationship between sodium-lithium countertransport (range 0.098-0.585 mmol/l red blood cells/hour) and age, blood pressure as expressed by systolic or diastolic SD scores, glycated haemoglobin, serum lipids, or intracellular sodium concentration. A positive relationship (rs = 0.44) was found between sodium-lithium countertransport and early morning urinary albumin to urinary creatinine ratio (UA/UC), expressed as the logarithm of the geometric mean of two consecutive samples, for each individual (range 0.4-22 mg/mmol). Sodium-lithium countertransport was increased in those with IDDM compared with their non-diabetic siblings, in a paired analysis (n = 26). There was no relationship between UA/UC in the children with diabetes and sodium-lithium countertransport in their parents. These studies in this population of diabetic children indicate that increased sodium-lithium countertransport may play a part in the early stages of the development of nephropathy in IDDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Houtman
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health, London
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Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) has been identified and characterised from sheep placental membranes. Binding of [14C]oleate to placental membranes was found to be time- and temperature-dependent. Addition of a 20-fold excess unlabelled oleic, palmitic, or linoleic acid reduced the binding of [14C]oleate to the membranes to around 50% of total binding, whereas D-alpha-tocopherol at similar concentrations did not affect [14C]oleate binding. This indicates that the binding sites are specific to fatty acids. Specific binding of [14C]oleate was reduced by heat denaturation or trypsin digestion of the membranes, suggesting that the fatty acid-binding sites are protein in nature. FABPpm was then solubilised from sheep placental membranes, and subsequently purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using an oleate-agarose affinity column. The purified FABPpm had an apparent molecular mass of 40 kDa, as determined by SDS-PAGE and by gel permeation chromatography. The [14C]oleate-binding activity of the purified protein was also confirmed by PAGE followed by autoradioblotting. The specific binding for oleate was around 1.5 nmol per mg of membrane protein. Our data indicate the presence of FABPpm in sheep placental membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Campbell
- Receptor Research Laboratory, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
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Campbell FM, Gordon MJ, Dutta-Roy AK. Identification and partial characterisation of fatty acid-binding sites in sheep placental membranes. Biochem Soc Trans 1994; 22:117S. [PMID: 7958188 DOI: 10.1042/bst022117s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F M Campbell
- Receptor Research Laboratory, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K
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Dutta-Roy AK, Leishman DJ, Gordon MJ, Campbell FM, Duthie GG. Identification of a low molecular mass (14.2 kDa) alpha-tocopherol-binding protein in the cytosol of rat liver and heart. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993; 196:1108-12. [PMID: 8250868 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An alpha-tocopherol-binding protein (TBP) with a molecular mass of 14.2 kDa has been identified from the cytosol of rat heart and liver and purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by precipitation with 70% ammonium sulphate, followed by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. In addition to the 14.2 kDa TBP, liver also contains the previously described 30 kDa TBP. The concentrations of the 14.2 kDa TBP in heart and liver were 12.3 micrograms and 17.5 micrograms per g of tissue, respectively. The purified protein specifically binds d alpha-tocopherol in preference to the delta- and gamma-homologues but does not bind oleate. The TBP stimulated the transfer of d alpha-tocopherol from liposomes to mitochondria in vitro by 8-10 fold. These results suggest that low molecular mass TBPs may play a role in intracellular vitamin E transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Dutta-Roy
- Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K
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Leishman DJ, Campbell FM, Gordon MJ, Duthie GG, Dutta-Roy AK. A low molecular weight (12-15kDa) protein fraction in rat liver binds alpha-tocopherol. Biochem Soc Trans 1993; 21:408S. [PMID: 8131982 DOI: 10.1042/bst021408s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D J Leishman
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K
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Wilkie AO, Campbell FM, Daubeney P, Grant DB, Daniels RJ, Mullarkey M, Affara NA, Fitchett M, Huson SM. Complete and partial XY sex reversal associated with terminal deletion of 10q: report of 2 cases and literature review. Am J Med Genet 1993; 46:597-600. [PMID: 8322827 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320460527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe 2 karyotypically male infants with terminal deletion of 10q and mental retardation, multiple phenotypic anomalies and abnormal genitalia. One [karyotype 46,XY, del(10)(q26.1)] had female external genitalia; the other [karyotype 46,XY,-10,+der(10)t (10;16)(q26.2;q21)] had an intersex phenotype. Of 8 males previously reported with terminal 10q deletion as the major or only cytogenetic abnormality, 2 had an intersex phenotype, and the others all had combinations of cryptorchidism, micropenis, and hypospadias. Terminal 10q deletions appear to be strongly associated with abnormal male genital development, and should be specifically searched for in the cytogenetic workup of such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Wilkie
- Department of Paediatric Genetics and Fetal Medicine, Hospitals for Sick Children, London, United Kingdom
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