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Graf S, Engelmann L, Jeleff Wölfler O, Albrecht I, Schloderer M, Kramer A, Klankermayer L, Gebhardt F, Chaker AM, Spinner CD, Schwab R, Wollenberg B, Protzer U, Hoffmann D. Reopening the Bavarian State Opera Safely: Hygiene Strategies and Incidence of COVID-19 in Artistic Staff During Theater Season 2020/2021. J Voice 2024; 38:798.e7-798.e20. [PMID: 34906415 PMCID: PMC8627642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the drastically rising coronavirus disease (COVID-19) incidence since March 2020, social life was shut down across the globe, and most opera houses were closed. As a result, there are limited data on SARS-CoV-2 infections among artists. The Bavarian State Opera has been reopened in September 2020. This study aimed to identify the incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among employees in the Bavarian State Opera. In addition, the various hygiene strategies for the work groups within the institution are described. During the study period from September 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021, 10,061 nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 1,460 artistic staff members in a rolling system. During the entire study period, 61 individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. None of the patients had a severe disease course. Compared to the seven-day-incidence per 100,000 German inhabitants, the estimated corresponding incidence among employees was lower at 37 weeks and higher or equal at 9 weeks. Among the infected individuals, 58.3% were symptomatic, 23.3% were presymptomatic, and 18.3% were asymptomatic. Forty-five percent of employees reported that they had been infected in their private environment, 41.7% suspected that their colleagues were the main contact, and 13.3% were unsure about the origin of their infection. Twenty-four diseased employees were ballet dancers, eight from the orchestra, seven from the administration, seven from the choir singers, six from the costume department, 10 from technical support, and one guest solo singer. In the 2020/2021 theater season, increased SARS-CoV-2 infections and large disease outbreaks were avoided at the Bavarian State Opera. Hygiene strategies, that existed since the beginning, was specifically designed for various work areas in the opera. Regular, mandatory PCR testing and follow-up of positive cases with the issuance of quarantine were performed. Using this disease management approach, artistic work at and reopening of the Bavarian State Opera was feasible with a well-controlled risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Graf
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, University hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany.
| | - Luca Engelmann
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, University hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany
| | - Olivia Jeleff Wölfler
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, University hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Lucia Klankermayer
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, University hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany
| | - Friedemann Gebhardt
- Technical University of Munich /Helmholtz Center, School of Medicine, Munich, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Germany
| | - Adam M Chaker
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, University hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, University hospital rechts der Isar, Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM)
| | - Christoph D Spinner
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, University hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, University hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Technical University of Munich /Helmholtz Center, School of Medicine, Munich, Institute of Virology, Germany
| | - Dieter Hoffmann
- Technical University of Munich /Helmholtz Center, School of Medicine, Munich, Institute of Virology, Germany
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Esser E, Schulte EC, Graf A, Karollus A, Smith NH, Michler T, Dvoretskii S, Angelov A, Sonnabend M, Peter S, Engesser C, Radonic A, Thürmer A, von Kleist M, Gebhardt F, da Costa CP, Busch DH, Muenchhoff M, Blum H, Keppler OT, Gagneur J, Protzer U. Viral genome sequencing to decipher in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 transmission events. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5768. [PMID: 38459123 PMCID: PMC10923895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the need to better define in-hospital transmissions, a need that extends to all other common infectious diseases encountered in clinical settings. To evaluate how whole viral genome sequencing can contribute to deciphering nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission 926 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes from 622 staff members and patients were collected between February 2020 and January 2021 at a university hospital in Munich, Germany, and analysed along with the place of work, duration of hospital stay, and ward transfers. Bioinformatically defined transmission clusters inferred from viral genome sequencing were compared to those inferred from interview-based contact tracing. An additional dataset collected at the same time at another university hospital in the same city was used to account for multiple independent introductions. Clustering analysis of 619 viral genomes generated 19 clusters ranging from 3 to 31 individuals. Sequencing-based transmission clusters showed little overlap with those based on contact tracing data. The viral genomes were significantly more closely related to each other than comparable genomes collected simultaneously at other hospitals in the same city (n = 829), suggesting nosocomial transmission. Longitudinal sampling from individual patients suggested possible cross-infection events during the hospital stay in 19.2% of individuals (14 of 73 individuals). Clustering analysis of SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences can reveal cryptic transmission events missed by classical, interview-based contact tracing, helping to decipher in-hospital transmissions. These results, in line with other studies, advocate for viral genome sequencing as a pathogen transmission surveillance tool in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Esser
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Eva C Schulte
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Karollus
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Nicholas H Smith
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Michler
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Dvoretskii
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Angel Angelov
- NGS Competence Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Silke Peter
- NGS Competence Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Aleksandar Radonic
- Method development, Research Infrastructure & IT (MFI), Robert-Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Thürmer
- Method development, Research Infrastructure & IT (MFI), Robert-Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Max von Kleist
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität (FU) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Project Groups, Robert-Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Gebhardt
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clarissa Prazeres da Costa
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julien Gagneur
- School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine & Health, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany.
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Demleitner AF, Wolff AW, Erber J, Gebhardt F, Westenberg E, Winkler AS, Kolbe-Busch S, Chaberny IF, Lingor P. Best practice approaches to outpatient management of people living with Parkinson's disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1377-1385. [PMID: 35244753 PMCID: PMC8895054 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is rising, rendering it one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Treatment and monitoring of patients require regular specialized in- and outpatient care. Patients with PD are more likely to have a complicated disease course if they become infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Regular in-hospital appointments place these patients at risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 due to travel and contact with other patients and staff. However, guidelines for the management of outpatients with PD during times of increased risk of infection are currently lacking. These are urgently needed to conduct risk–benefit evaluations to recommend the best medical treatment. This article discusses best practice approaches based on the current literature, as suggested by the multidisciplinary Network of University Medicine (NUM) in Germany. These include measures such as mask-wearing, hand hygiene, social distancing measures, and appropriate testing strategies in outpatient settings, which can minimize the risk of exposure. Furthermore, the urgency of appointments should be considered. Visits of low urgency may be conducted by general practitioners or via telemedicine consultations, whereas in-person presentation is required in case of moderate and high urgency visits. Classification of urgency should be carried out by skilled medical staff, and telemedicine (telephone or video consultations) may be a useful tool in this situation. The currently approved vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are safe and effective for patients with PD and play a key role in minimizing infection risk for patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia F Demleitner
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas W Wolff
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Erber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedemann Gebhardt
- Department of Hospital Hygiene, School of Medicine, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Erica Westenberg
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea S Winkler
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, School of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanne Kolbe-Busch
- Institute of Hygiene, Hospital Epidemiology and Environmental Medicine, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iris F Chaberny
- Institute of Hygiene, Hospital Epidemiology and Environmental Medicine, Leipzig University Hospital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University Hospital München rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Erber J, Kappler V, Haller B, Mijočević H, Galhoz A, Prazeres da Costa C, Gebhardt F, Graf N, Hoffmann D, Thaler M, Lorenz E, Roggendorf H, Kohlmayer F, Henkel A, Menden MP, Ruland J, Spinner CD, Protzer U, Knolle P, Lingor P. Infection Control Measures and Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG among 4,554 University Hospital Employees, Munich, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:572-581. [PMID: 35195515 PMCID: PMC8888242 DOI: 10.3201/eid2803.204436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Feihl S, Querbach C, Hapfelmeier A, Busch DH, von Eisenhart-Rothe R, Gebhardt F, Pohlig F, Mühlhofer HML. Effect of an Intensified Antibiotic Stewardship Program at an Orthopedic Surgery Department. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2021; 23:105-112. [PMID: 34762545 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2021.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Institutional programs such as antibiotic stewardship (ABS) programs offer possibilities to monitor and modify antibiotic usage with the aim of reducing antibiotic resistance. In orthopedic units that treat peri-prosthetic joint infections (PJIs), ABS programs are still rare, however, there is extensive use of high-risk antibiotic agents and an increased risk for the occurrence of Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs). Patients and Methods: An ABS program was implemented at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery at a university hospital. Quarterly antibiotic consumption was measured in defined daily doses (DDDs) per 100 patient-days (PDs) at 10 quarters before the intervention and seven quarters after the intervention. The effect of the new antibiotic policy on drug use rates was evaluated using an interrupted time-series analysis. Estimated changes over time in the incidence of CDIs (cases per 1,000 PDs) were analyzed. Results: A remarkable percentual reduction in second-generation cephalosporin use of 83% (p < 0.001; pre-intervention level, 81.486 DDDs/100 patient-days; post-intervention level, 13.751 DDDs/100 PDs) and clindamycin administration of 78% (p < 0.001; pre-intervention level, 18.982 DDDs/100 PDs; post-intervention level, 4.216 DDDs/100 PDs) was observed after implementation of ABS interventions. Total antibiotic use declined by 25% (p < 0.001; pre-intervention level, 129.078 DDDs/100 PDs; post-intervention level, 96.826 DDDs/100 PDs). Conclusions: This research assessed the positive impact of an intensified ABS program at an orthopedic department specializing in PJIs. Antibiotic stewardship program interventions encourage the reduction of total antibiotic usage and especially high-risk antibiotic agents, associated with the development of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Feihl
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Statistics, Epidemiology, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Querbach
- Pharmacy Department, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Hapfelmeier
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics, Epidemiology, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Statistics, Epidemiology, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedemann Gebhardt
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Statistics, Epidemiology, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Pohlig
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Heinrich M L Mühlhofer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
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Koehler J, Ritzer B, Weidlich S, Gebhardt F, Kirchhoff C, Gempt J, Querbach C, Hoffmann D, Haller B, Schmid RM, Schneider J, Spinner CD, Iakoubov R. Use of monoclonal antibody therapy for nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients at high risk for severe COVID-19: experience from a tertiary-care hospital in Germany. Infection 2021; 49:1313-1318. [PMID: 34244967 PMCID: PMC8269399 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01657-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Additional treatment options for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are urgently needed, particularly for populations at high risk of severe disease. This cross-sectional, retrospective study characterized the outcomes of 43 patients with nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with and without treatment using monoclonal SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (bamlanivimab or casirivimab/imdevimab). Our results indicate that treatment with monoclonal antibodies results in a significant decrease in disease progression and mortality when used for asymptomatic patients with early SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Koehler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Ritzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Weidlich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedemann Gebhardt
- School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chlodwig Kirchhoff
- Department of Traumatology, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Querbach
- School of Medicine, Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dieter Hoffmann
- School of Medicine, Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph D Spinner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Iakoubov
- Department of Internal Medicine II, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Rohde AM, Zweigner J, Wiese-Posselt M, Schwab F, Behnke M, Kola A, Schröder W, Peter S, Tacconelli E, Wille T, Feihl S, Querbach C, Gebhardt F, Gölz H, Schneider C, Mischnik A, Vehreschild MJGT, Seifert H, Kern WV, Gastmeier P, Hamprecht A. Prevalence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales colonization on hospital admission and ESBL genotype-specific risk factors: a cross-sectional study in six German university hospitals. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:1631-1638. [PMID: 32173738 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the admission prevalence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (3GCREB) and to assess whether risk factors vary by β-lactamase genotype. METHODS Adult patients were recruited within 72 h of admission to general wards of six university hospitals in 2014 and 2015. Rectal swabs were screened for 3GCREB and isolates were analysed phenotypically and genotypically. Patients were questioned on potential risk factors. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify risk factors for 3GCREB colonization and for specific β-lactamases. RESULTS Of 8753 patients screened, 828 were 3GCREB positive (9.5%). Eight hundred and thirteen isolates were available for genotyping. CTX-M-15 was the most common ESBL (38.0%), followed by CTX-M-1 (22.5%), CTX-M-14 (8.7%), CTX-M-27 (7.5%) and SHV-ESBL (4.4%). AmpC was found in 11.9%. Interestingly, 18 Escherichia coli isolates were AmpC positive, 12 of which (67%) contained AmpC on a gene of plasmid origin [CMY (n = 10), DHA (n = 2)]. Risk factors for 3GCREB colonization varied by genotype. Recent antibiotic exposure and prior colonization by antibiotic-resistant bacteria were risk factors for all β-lactamases except CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-27. Travel outside Europe was a risk factor for CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-27 [adjusted OR (aOR) 3.49, 95% CI 2.88-4.24 and aOR 2.73, 95% CI 1.68-4.43]. A previous stay in a long-term care facility was associated with CTX-M-14 (aOR 3.01, 95% CI 1.98-4.59). A preceding hospital stay in Germany increased the risk of CTX-M-15 (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.14-1.41), while a prior hospital stay in other European countries increased the risk of SHV-ESBL colonization (aOR 3.85, 95% CI 1.67-8.92). CONCLUSIONS The detection of different ESBL types is associated with specific risk factor sets that might represent distinct sources of colonization and ESBL-specific dissemination routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Rohde
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Janine Zweigner
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health.,Department of Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Wiese-Posselt
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Frank Schwab
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Michael Behnke
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Axel Kola
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Wiebke Schröder
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silke Peter
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wille
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Feihl
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Querbach
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedemann Gebhardt
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Gölz
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Mischnik
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria J G T Vehreschild
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Seifert
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Winfried V Kern
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Petra Gastmeier
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health
| | - Axel Hamprecht
- German Centre for Infection Research Association (DZIF), Braunschweig Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Dommasch M, Gebhardt F, Protzer U, Werner A, Schuster E, Brakemeier C, Mayer J, Feihl S, Querbach C, Braren R, Treiber M, Geisler F, Spinner CD. [Strategy for university emergency room management at the beginning of an epidemic using COVID-19 as an example]. Notf Rett Med 2020; 23:578-586. [PMID: 32837305 PMCID: PMC7362327 DOI: 10.1007/s10049-020-00759-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Durch die weltweit steigenden Zahlen an „coronavirus disease 2019“(COVID-19)-Infektionen besteht für sämtliche Kliniken die Aufgabe, sich der Herausforderung einer Pandemie zu stellen. Es gilt insbesondere auch für die Notaufnahmen, sich auf vollständig veränderte Arbeitsabläufe vorzubereiten und sie umzusetzen. Dies betrifft insbesondere den Bereich Patientenscreening und -selektion (Triage). Auch mit anderen Fachbereichen wie der Hygiene, Infektiologie oder Virologie muss Hand in Hand zusammengearbeitet werden, um vor, während und nach Abschluss der Diagnostik entsprechende Behandlungskonzepte zu realisieren. Darüber hinaus sind Kommunikation und Qualitäts- und Risikomanagement nebst den klinischen Bereichen von hoher Relevanz. Dieser Artikel beschreibt an einem Beispiel, wie sich Notaufnahmen hier am Beispiel COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) konkret und praxisnah auf eine Pandemie vorbereiten können.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dommasch
- Fakultät für Medizin, Zentrale Interdisziplinäre Notaufnahme, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München, Deutschland
| | - Friedemann Gebhardt
- Fakultät für Medizin, Krankenhaushygiene, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Fakultät für Medizin, Institut für Virologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Angelika Werner
- Fakultät für Medizin, Stabsstelle für Qualitäts- und Risikomanagement, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Eva Schuster
- Fakultät für Medizin, Unternehmenskommunikation, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Brakemeier
- Fakultät für Medizin, Pflegedirektion, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Julia Mayer
- Fakultät für Medizin, Pflegedirektion, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Susanne Feihl
- Fakultät für Medizin, Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Christine Querbach
- Fakultät für Medizin, Krankenhausapotheke, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Rickmer Braren
- Fakultät für Medizin, Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Treiber
- Fakultät für Medizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Fabian Geisler
- Fakultät für Medizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Christoph D Spinner
- Fakultät für Medizin, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II (Infektiologie), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
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9
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Rothe K, Spinner CD, Ott A, Querbach C, Dommasch M, Aldrich C, Gebhardt F, Schneider J, Schmid RM, Busch DH, Katchanov J. Strategies for increasing diagnostic yield of community-onset bacteraemia within the emergency department: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222545. [PMID: 31513683 PMCID: PMC6742407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infections (BSI) are associated with high mortality. Therefore, reliable methods of detection are of paramount importance. Efficient strategies to improve diagnostic yield of bacteraemia within the emergency department (ED) are needed. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all ED encounters in a high-volume, city-centre university hospital within Germany during a five-year study period from October 2013 to September 2018. A time-series analysis was conducted for all ED encounters in which blood cultures (BCs) were collected. BC detection rates and diagnostic yield of community-onset bacteraemia were compared during the study period (which included 45 months prior to the start of a new diagnostic Antibiotic Stewardship (ABS) bundle and 15 months following its implementation). BCs were obtained from 5,191 out of 66,879 ED admissions (7.8%). Bacteraemia was detected in 1,013 encounters (19.5% of encounters where BCs were obtained). The overall yield of true bacteraemia (defined as yielding clinically relevant pathogens) was 14.4%. The new ABS-related diagnostic protocol resulted in an increased number of hospitalised patients with BCs collected in the ED (18% compared to 12.3%) and a significant increase in patients with two or more BC sets taken (59% compared to 25.4%), which resulted in an improved detection rate of true bacteraemia (2.5% versus 1.8% of hospital admissions) without any decrease in diagnostic yield. This simultaneous increase in BC rates without degradation of yield was a valuable finding that indicated success of this strategy. Thus, implementation of the new diagnostic ABS bundle within the ED, which included the presence of a skilled infectious disease (ID) team focused on obtaining BCs, appeared to be a valuable tool for the accurate and timely detection of community-onset bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Rothe
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christoph D. Spinner
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Armin Ott
- Technical University of Munich, Institute of Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Querbach
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Pharmacy Department, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Dommasch
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Medicine I, Munich, Germany
| | - Cassandra Aldrich
- Ludwigs-Maximilians-University Munich, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedemann Gebhardt
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Schneider
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H. Busch
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Juri Katchanov
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Department of Medicine II, Munich, Germany
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10
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Rohde AM, Zweigner J, Wiese-Posselt M, Schwab F, Behnke M, Kola A, Obermann B, Knobloch JKM, Feihl S, Querbach C, Gebhardt F, Mischnik A, Ihle V, Schröder W, Armean S, Peter S, Tacconelli E, Hamprecht A, Seifert H, Vehreschild MJGT, Kern WV, Gastmeier P. Incidence of infections due to third generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae - a prospective multicentre cohort study in six German university hospitals. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:159. [PMID: 30603083 PMCID: PMC6307128 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infections caused by third generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (3GCREB) are an increasing healthcare problem. We aim to describe the 3GCREB infection incidence and compare it to prevalence upon admission. In addition, we aim to describe infections caused by 3GCREB, which are also carbapenem resistant (CRE). Methods In 2014-2015, we performed prospective 3GCREB surveillance in clinically relevant patient specimens (screening specimens excluded). Infections counted as hospital-acquired (HAI) when the 3GCREB was detected after the third day following admission, otherwise as community-acquired infection (CAI). Results Of 578,420 hospitalized patients under surveillance, 3367 had a 3GCREB infection (0.58%). We observed a similar 3GCREB CAI and HAI incidence (0.28 and 0.31 per 100 patients, respectively). The most frequent pathogen was 3GCR E. coli, in CAI and HAI (0.15 and 0.12 per 100 patients). We observed a CRE CAI incidence of 0.006 and a HAI incidence of 0.008 per 100 patients (0.014 per 1000 patient days). Conclusions Comparing the known 3GCREB admission prevalence of the participating hospitals (9.5%) with the percentage of patients with a 3GCREB infection (0.58%), we conclude the prevalence of 3GCREB in university hospitals to be about 16 times higher than suggested when only patients with 3GCREB infections are considered. Moreover, we find the HAI and CAI incidence caused by CRE in Germany to be relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Rohde
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,2Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgstraße 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Zweigner
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,2Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgstraße 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany.,3Department of Infection Control and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Miriam Wiese-Posselt
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,2Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgstraße 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Schwab
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,2Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgstraße 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Behnke
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,2Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgstraße 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Kola
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,2Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgstraße 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Obermann
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,4Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johannes K-M Knobloch
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,4Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.,11Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Feihl
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,5Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Querbach
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,5Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Friedemann Gebhardt
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,5Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Mischnik
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,6Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vera Ihle
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,6Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Schröder
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 12, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabina Armean
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 12, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silke Peter
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,8Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 6, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,7Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straße 12, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Axel Hamprecht
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,9Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Goldenfelsstrasse 19-21, 50935 Köln, Germany
| | - Harald Seifert
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,9Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Goldenfelsstrasse 19-21, 50935 Köln, Germany
| | - Maria J G T Vehreschild
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,10Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Herderstraße 52-54, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Winfried V Kern
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,6Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Petra Gastmeier
- 1German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,2Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Hindenburgstraße 27, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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11
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Gebhardt F, Bürger H, Brandt B. Modulation of EGFR Gene Transcription by a Polymorphic Repetitive Sequence – a Link between Genetics and Epigenetics. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 15:105-10. [PMID: 10763151 DOI: 10.1177/172460080001500120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a crucial role in growth, differentiation and motility of normal as well as tumor cells. The transduction of extracellular signals to the cytoplasm via the receptor not only depends on ligand binding, but is also determined by the receptor density on the cell surface. Therefore, with regard to cancer diagnosis and therapeutic approaches targeting EGFR it is important to know how the expression level of EGFR is controlled. We found that transcription activity declines with increasing numbers of CA dinucleotides of a highly polymorphic CA repeat in the first intron of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene. In vivo data from cultured cell lines support these findings, although other regulation mechanisms can compensate this effect. In addition, we showed that RNA elongation terminates at a site closely downstream of the simple sequence repeat (SSR) and that there are two separate major transcription start sites. Model calculations for the helical DNA conformation revealed a high bendability in the EGFR polymorphic region, especially if the CA stretch is extended. These data suggest that the CA-SSR can act like a joint, bringing the promoter in proximity to a putative repressor protein bound downstream of the CA-SSR. The data indicate that this polymorphism may be a marker for cancer, linking genetic and epigenetic risk factors. Furthermore, in breast cancer, heterozygous tumors with short CA-SSR showed an elevated EGFR-expression in contrast to tumours with longer CA-SSR. Tumours with loss of heterozygosity in intron 1 of egfr revealed an increased EGFR expression if the longer allele was lost. Moreover, decreased EGFR gene levels were significantly correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gebhardt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Münster, Germany
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12
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Mischnik A, Baumert P, Hamprecht A, Rohde AM, Peter S, Feihl S, Knobloch J, Gölz H, Kola A, Obermann B, Querbach C, Willmann M, Gebhardt F, Tacconelli E, Gastmeier P, Seifert H, Kern WV. In vitro susceptibility to 19 agents other than β-lactams among third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae recovered on hospital admission. J Antimicrob Chemother 2018; 72:1359-1363. [PMID: 28108677 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives As part of the multicentre Antibiotic Therapy Optimisation Study, MIC values of 19 non-β-lactam agents were determined for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli , Klebsiella species and Enterobacter species (3GCREB) isolates collected in German hospitals. Methods A total of 328 E. coli , 35 Klebsiella spp. (1 Klebsiella oxytoca and 34 Klebsiella pneumoniae ) and 16 Enterobacter spp. (1 Enterobacter aerogenes and 15 Enterobacter cloacae ) isolates were submitted to broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing with the MICRONAUT system. MICs of fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and moxifloxacin), aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, streptomycin, neomycin and paromomycin), tetracyclines (tetracycline, minocycline and tigecycline), macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin) and miscellaneous agents [trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, colistin and fosfomycin intravenous (iv)] were determined and reviewed against 2016 EUCAST breakpoints. Results The MIC of levofloxacin was >2 mg/L for 128 of 328 E. coli and 8 of 35 Klebsiella spp., but only 1 of 16 Enterobacter spp. Rates of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were high (>70%), except for Enterobacter spp. Rates of resistance to colistin and fosfomycin iv were still low. About 20% of the tested isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol. Only 1 (of 328) E. coli isolate had an MIC of amikacin >16 mg/L and only 33 of 328 E. coli and 1 of 35 Klebsiella spp. had an MIC of tobramycin >4 mg/L, whereas average gentamicin MICs were in general more elevated. A tigecycline MIC >2 mg/L was only found for 1 of 16 Enterobacter spp., but in none of the E. coli or Klebsiella spp. isolates. Conclusions Our study gives insight into previously unreported non-β-lactam MIC distributions of 3GCREB isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mischnik
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Baumert
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Hamprecht
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A M Rohde
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité - University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Peter
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - S Feihl
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - J Knobloch
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Gölz
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A Kola
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité - University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Obermann
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Querbach
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Willmann
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Gebhardt
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E Tacconelli
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - P Gastmeier
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité - University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Seifert
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - W V Kern
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Braunschweig, Germany.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Mischnik A, Baumert P, Hamprecht A, Rohde A, Peter S, Feihl S, Knobloch J, Gölz H, Kola A, Obermann B, Querbach C, Willmann M, Gebhardt F, Tacconelli E, Gastmeier P, Seifert H, Kern WV. Susceptibility to cephalosporin combinations and aztreonam/avibactam among third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae recovered on hospital admission. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 49:239-242. [PMID: 27939093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As part of the multicentre Antibiotic Therapy Optimisation Study (ATHOS), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for cephalosporins alone and in combination with the β-lactamase inhibitors tazobactam, clavulanic acid and avibactam against third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp. isolates collected in German hospitals. MIC50/90 values were 0.25-4 mg/L for cefepime/tazobactam, 0.25-2 mg/L for ceftazidime/avibactam, 0.125-0.5 mg/L for ceftaroline/avibactam, 0.5-4 mg/L for cefpodoxime/clavulanic acid and 0.25-1 mg/L for aztreonam/avibactam, depending on the underlying resistance mechanism and organism. Based on in vitro testing, β-lactam antibiotics play an important role in the treatment of infections due to β-lactamase-producing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Mischnik
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Baumert
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel Hamprecht
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Rohde
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité-University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Peter
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Feihl
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Knobloch
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Gölz
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Axel Kola
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité-University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Obermann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christiane Querbach
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Willmann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedemann Gebhardt
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Petra Gastmeier
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité-University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Seifert
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Winfried V Kern
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Zacher MT, Högele AM, Hanschen M, von Matthey F, Beer AK, Gebhardt F, Biberthaler P, Kanz KG. Erratum zu: Grundlegende Techniken des Wundverschlusses in der Notaufnahme. Notf Rett Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-016-0209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hamprecht A, Rohde AM, Behnke M, Feihl S, Gastmeier P, Gebhardt F, Kern WV, Knobloch JK, Mischnik A, Obermann B, Querbach C, Peter S, Schneider C, Schröder W, Schwab F, Tacconelli E, Wiese-Posselt M, Wille T, Willmann M, Seifert H, Zweigner J. Colonization with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae on hospital admission: prevalence and risk factors. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:2957-63. [PMID: 27317445 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to prospectively assess the rectal carriage rate of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (3GCREB) in non-ICU patients on hospital admission and to investigate resistance mechanisms and risk factors for carriage. METHODS Adult patients were screened for 3GCREB carriage at six German tertiary care hospitals in 2014 using rectal swabs or stool samples. 3GCREB isolates were characterized by phenotypic and molecular methods. Each patient answered a questionnaire about potential risk factors for colonization with MDR organisms (MDROs). Univariable and multivariable risk factor analyses were performed to identify factors associated with 3GCREB carriage. RESULTS Of 4376 patients, 416 (9.5%) were 3GCREB carriers. Escherichia coli was the predominant species (79.1%). ESBLs of the CTX-M-1 group (67.3%) and the CTX-M-9 group (16.8%) were the most frequent β-lactamases. Five patients (0.11%) were colonized with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The following risk factors were significantly associated with 3GCREB colonization in the multivariable analysis (P < 0.05): centre; previous MDRO colonization (OR = 2.12); antibiotic use within the previous 6 months (OR = 2.09); travel outside Europe (OR = 2.24); stay in a long-term care facility (OR = 1.33); and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (OR = 1.22). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the largest admission prevalence study of 3GCREB in Europe. The observed prevalence of 9.5% 3GCREB carriage was higher than previously reported and differed significantly among centres. In addition to previously identified risk factors, the treatment of GERD proved to be an independent risk factor for 3GCREB colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hamprecht
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A M Rohde
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité-University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Behnke
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité-University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Feihl
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - P Gastmeier
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité-University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Gebhardt
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - W V Kern
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - J K Knobloch
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - A Mischnik
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - B Obermann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Querbach
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S Peter
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Schneider
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - W Schröder
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - F Schwab
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité-University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - E Tacconelli
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Wiese-Posselt
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité-University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Wille
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Willmann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - H Seifert
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Zweigner
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, National Reference Centre for the Surveillance of Nosocomial Infections, Charité-University Hospital, Berlin, Germany Department of Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Zacher MT, Högele AM, Hanschen M, von Matthey F, Beer AK, Gebhardt F, Biberthaler P, Kanz KG. [General principles of wound management in emergency departments]. Anaesthesist 2016; 65:303-24. [PMID: 27059794 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-016-0170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Wound management is one of the major tasks in emergency departments. The surrounding intact skin but not the wound itself should be disinfected before starting definitive wound treatment. Hair should first be removed by clipping to 1-2 mm above the skin with scissors or clippers as shaving the area with a razor damages the hair follicles and increases the risk of wound infections. Administration of local anesthetics should be performed directly through the exposed edges of the wound. After wound examination, irrigation is performed with Ringer's solution, normal saline or distilled water. The next step is débridement of contaminated and devitalized tissue. There are several wound closure techniques available, including adhesive tapes, staples, tissue adhesives and numerous forms of sutures. Management of specific wounds requires particular strategies. A bleeding control problem frequently occurs with scalp lacerations. Superficial scalp lacerations can be closed by alternative wound closure methods, for example by twisting and fixing hair and the use of tissue adhesives, i.e. hair apposition technique (HAT). For strongly bleeding lacerations of the scalp, the epicranial aponeurosis should be incorporated into the hemostasis. Aftercare varies depending on both the characteristics of the wound and those of the patient and includes adequate analgesia as well as minimizing the risk of infection. Sufficient wound aftercare starts with the treating physician informing the patient about the course of events, potential complications and providing relevant instructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Zacher
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.
| | - A M Högele
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland
| | - M Hanschen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland
| | - F von Matthey
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland
| | - A-K Beer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - F Gebhardt
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - P Biberthaler
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland
| | - K-G Kanz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, München, Deutschland
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Kleeff J, Erkan M, Jäger C, Menacher M, Gebhardt F, Hartel M. Umbilical Microflora, Antiseptic Skin Preparation, and Surgical Site Infection in Abdominal Surgery. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2015; 16:450-4. [DOI: 10.1089/sur.2014.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Friedemann Gebhardt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mark Hartel
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Chen DS, Feltquate DM, Smothers F, Hoos A, Langermann S, Marshall S, May R, Fleming M, Hodi FS, Senderowicz A, Wiman KG, de Dosso S, Fiedler W, Gianni L, Cresta S, Schulze-Bergkamen HB, Gurrieri L, Salzberg M, Dietrich B, Danielczyk A, Baumeister H, Goletz S, Sessa C, Strumberg D, Schultheis B, Santel A, Gebhardt F, Meyer-Sabellek W, Keil O, Giese K, Kaufmann J, Maio M, Choy G, Covre A, Parisi G, Nicolay H, Fratta E, Fonsatti E, Sigalotti L, Coral S, Taverna P, Azab M, Deutsch E, Lepechoux C, Pignon JP, Tao YT, Rivera S, Bourgier BC, Angokai M, Bahleda R, Slimane K, Angevin E, Besse BB, Soria JC, Dragnev K, Beumer JH, Anyang B, Ma T, Galimberti F, Erkmen CP, Nugent W, Rigas J, Abraham K, Johnstone D, Memoli V, Dmitrovsky E, Voest EE, Siu L, Janku F, Soria JC, Tsimberidou A, Kurzrock R, Tabernero J, Rodon J, Berger R, Onn A, Batist G, Bresson C, Lazar V, Molenaar JJ, Koster J, Ebus M, Zwijnenburg DA, van Sluis P, Lamers F, Schild L, van der Ploeg I, Caron HN, Versteeg R, Pouyssegur J, Marchiq I, Chiche J, Roux D, Le Floch R, Critchlow SE, Wooster RF, Agresta S, Yen KE, Janne PA, Plummer ER, Trinchieri G, Ellis L, Chan SL, Yeo W, Chan AT, Mouliere F, El Messaoudi S, Gongora C, Lamy PJ, del Rio M, Lopez-Crapez E, Gillet B, Mathonnet M, Pezet D, Ychou M, Thierry AR, Ribrag V, Vainchenker W, Constantinescu S, Keilhack H, Umelo IA, Noeparast A, Chen G, Renard M, Geers C, Vansteenkiste J, Teugels E, de Greve J, Rixe O, Qi X, Chu Z, Celerier J, Leconte L, Minet N, Pakradouni J, Kaur B, Cuttitta F, Wagner AJ, Zhang YX, Sicinska E, Czaplinski JT, Remillard SP, Demetri GD, Weng S, Debussche L, Agoni L, Reddy EP, Guha C, Silence K, Thibault A, de Haard H, Dreier T, Ulrichts P, Moshir M, Gabriels S, Luo J, Carter C, Rajan A, Khozin S, Thomas A, Lopez-Chavez A, Brzezniak C, Doyle L, Keen C, Manu M, Raffeld M, Giaccone G, Lutzker S, Melief JM, Eckhardt SG, Trusolino L, Migliardi G, Zanella ER, Cottino F, Galimi F, Sassi F, Marsoni S, Comoglio PM, Bertotti A, Hidalgo M, Weroha SJ, Haluska P, Becker MA, Harrington SC, Goodman KM, Gonzalez SE, al Hilli M, Butler KA, Kalli KR, Oberg AL, Huijbers IJ, Bin Ali R, Pritchard C, Cozijnsen M, Proost N, Song JY, Krimpenfort P, Michalak E, Jonkers J, Berns A, Banerji U, Stewart A, Thavasu P, Banerjee S, Kaye SB. Lectures. Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Strumberg D, Schultheis B, Santel A, Gebhardt F, Meyer-Sabellek W, Keil O, Giese K, Kaufmann J. Antimetastatic Activity of Atu027, a Liposomal Sirna Formulation, Targeting Protein Kinase N3: Final Results of a Phase I Study. Ann Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt042.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Strumberg D, Schultheis B, Meyer-Sabellek W, Vank C, Gebhardt F, Santel A, Keil O, Giese K, Kaufmann J, Drevs J. Antimetastatic activity of Atu027, a liposomal small interfering RNA formulation, targeting protein kinase N3 (PKN3): Final results of a phase I study in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e13597 Background: Atu027 contains siRNA-lipoplexes, which elicits RNAi mediated suppression on PKN3 in vascular endothelial cells. In various xenograft mouse models, silencing of PKN3 expression and significant inhibition of invasive growth, lymph node and pulmonary metastasis formation was shown. Methods: Atu027 was applied to patients (pts) as a single 4h-infusion with subsequent follow-up for 3 wks. Thereafter pts were treated twice weekly for 4 weeks. In case of SD, pts were treated until PD. Dose escalation was associated with assessment of toxicity, pharmacokinetics (PK), and multiplex biomarker analyses in plasma from treated pts. Results: A total of 33 pts have received Atu027 of 11 dose levels (DL) up to 0.336 mg/kg. No pre-medication was required. No cytokine activation (TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, IL-6) was observed. In some subjects transient activation of the complement system (C3a, Bb, sC5b-9) was found, but without any clinical relevance. PK-data showed dose-dependent increase in plasma siRNA as well as lipid levels. Among various biomarkers tested, sVEGFR-1 plasma levels decreased significantly upon treatment. Across all dose levels, Atu027 was well-tolerated. Adverse events possibly related to Atu027 were fatigue grade G1 (6pts), hair loss G1 (2pts), sweating G1 (1pt), and abdominal pain G2 (1pt). G3 AEs not considered as DLTs were elevated lipase (2 pts, DL2+DL10) and diarrhea (1 pt, DL5). So far, no DLTs were seen in the last DL. Stable disease after 3 and 6 months was observed in 10 and 3 pts, respectively. Two pts with neuroendocrine cancer had disease stabilization for 9 and 12 months, respectively, including partial regression of pulmonary metastases in 1 pt. Another patient with breast cancer had regression of liver metastases. Conclusions: Atu027 is well-tolerated and anti-metastatic activity has been observed. Soluble VEGFR-1 might serve as a biomarker. So far, 0,336 mg/kg is the recommended dose for further phase II trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Strumberg
- University of Bochum, Marienhospital Herne, Department of Internal Medicine III, Herne, Germany
| | - Beate Schultheis
- University of Bochum, Marienhospital Herne, Department of Internal Medicine III, Herne, Germany
| | | | - C. Vank
- Silence Therapeutics AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Gebhardt
- Silence Therapeutics AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Santel
- Silence Therapeutics AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - O. Keil
- Silence Therapeutics AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Giese
- Silence Therapeutics AG, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Drevs
- Tumorzentrum UniFontis am Eduarduskrankenhaus, Köln, Germany
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Brzostek J, Chai JG, Gebhardt F, Busch DH, Zhao R, van der Merwe PA, Gould KG. Ligand dimensions are important in controlling NK-cell responses. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:2050-9. [PMID: 20432238 PMCID: PMC2909396 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Size-dependent protein segregation at the cell-cell contact interface has been suggested to be critical for regulation of lymphocyte function. We investigated the role of ligand dimensions in regulation of mouse NK-cell activation and inhibition. Elongated forms of H60a, a mouse NKG2D ligand, were generated and expressed stably in the RMA cell line. RMA cells expressing the normal size H60a were lysed efficiently by both freshly isolated and IL-2 stimulated C57BL/6 mouse-derived NK cells; however the level of lysis decreased as the H60a ligand size increased. Importantly, H60a elongation did not affect NKG2D binding, as determined by soluble NKG2D tetramer staining, and by examining NK-cell target cell conjugate formation. CHO cells are efficient at activating NK cells from C57BL/6 mice, and expression of a single chain form of H-2K(b), a ligand for the mouse inhibitory receptor Ly49C, strongly inhibited such activation of Ly49C/I positive NK cells. Elongation of H-2K(b) resulted in decreased inhibition of both lysis and IFN-gamma production by NK cells. These results establish that small ligand dimensions are important for both NK-cell activation and inhibition, and suggest that there are shared features between the mechanisms of receptor triggering on different types of lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brzostek
- Department of Immunology, Wright-Fleming Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Heit A, Gebhardt F, Lahl K, Neuenhahn M, Schmitz F, Anderl F, Wagner H, Sparwasser T, Busch DH, Kastenmüller K. Circumvention of regulatory CD4(+) T cell activity during cross-priming strongly enhances T cell-mediated immunity. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:1585-97. [PMID: 18465771 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunization with purified antigens is a safe and practical vaccination strategy but is generally unable to induce sustained CD8(+) T cell-mediated protection against intracellular pathogens. Most efforts to improve the CD8(+) T cell immunogenicity of these vaccines have focused on co-administration of adjuvant to support cross-presentation and dendritic cell maturation. In addition, it has been shown that CD4(+) T cell help during the priming phase contributes to the generation of protective CD8(+) memory T cells. In this report we demonstrate that the depletion of CD4(+) T cells paradoxically enhances long-lasting CD8-mediated protective immunity upon protein vaccination. Functional and genetic in vivo inactivation experiments attribute this enhancement primarily to MHC class II-restricted CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Treg), which appear to physiologically suppress the differentiation process towards long-living effector memory T cells. Since, in functional terms, this suppression by Treg largely exceeds the positive effects of conventional CD4(+) T cell help, even the absence of all CD4(+) T cells or lack of MHC class II-mediated interactions on priming dendritic cells result in enhanced CD8(+) T cell immunogenicity. These findings have important implications for the improvement of vaccines against intracellular pathogens or tumors, especially in patients with highly active Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Heit
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Birdsey GM, Dryden NH, Amsellem V, Gebhardt F, Haskard DO, Dejana E, Mason JC, Randi AM. THE TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ERG REGULATES ANGIOGENESIS AND ENDOTHELIAL APOPTOSIS THROUGH VE-CADHERIN. Atherosclerosis 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Krmpotić A, Busch DH, Bubić I, Gebhardt F, Hengel H, Hasan M, Scalzo AA, Koszinowski UH, Jonjić S. MCMV glycoprotein gp40 confers virus resistance to CD8+ T cells and NK cells in vivo. Nat Immunol 2002; 3:529-35. [PMID: 12021778 DOI: 10.1038/ni799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of certain inbred mouse strains to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is related to their inability to generate a strong natural killer (NK) cell response. We addressed here whether the MCMV susceptibility of the BALB/c strain is due to viral functions that control NK cell activation in a strain-specific manner. MCMV expresses two proteins, gp48 and gp40, that are encoded by the genes m06 and m152, respectively; they down-regulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression at the plasma membrane. Using MCMV deletion mutants and revertants, we found that gp40 but not gp48 controls NK cell activation. Absence of gp40 improved antiviral NK cell control in BALB/c, but not C57BL/6, mice. Down-regulation of H-60, the high-affinity ligand for the NKG2D receptor, was the mechanism by which gp40 modulates NK cell activation. Thus, a single herpesvirus protein has a dual function in inhibiting both the adaptive as well as the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Krmpotić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Brandt B, Beckmann A, Roetger A, Gebhardt F. Double- and competitive-differential PCR for gene dosage quantitation. Methods Mol Med 2001; 39:347-356. [PMID: 21340790 DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-071-3:347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An association of a loss of DNA replication control and the activation of erbB oncogenes can be deduced from studies with different cancers (1-5). In the first study on ovarian cancer 26% of the tumors had c-erbB-2 amplifications (6). The correlation between c-erbB-2 amplification and expression on mRNA and protein level was perfect. The median survival time of patients with ovarian cancers was negatively correlated to the degree of amplification. The association of egfr (c-erbB-1) amplification and overexpression with ovarian cancer prognosis has not been investigated as extensively as for c-erbB-2. EGF-R is expressed in normal ovarian epithelium and patients whose ovarian cancer continues to express EGF-R have a worse prognosis (7). Rearrangements of the egfr gene in ovarian cancer were also described, as identified by Southern blot analysis (8). Bauknecht submitted that a failure of chemotherapy was seen for ovarian cancers with low EGF-R expression (8).
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Affiliation(s)
- B Brandt
- Klinisher Chemiker, Münster, Germany
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Gebhardt F, Bürger H, Brandt B. Modulation of EGFR gene transcription by secondary structures, a polymorphic repetitive sequence and mutations--a link between genetics and epigenetics. Histol Histopathol 2000; 15:929-36. [PMID: 10963135 DOI: 10.14670/hh-15.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a crucial role in growth, differentiation and motility of normal as well as tumor cells. The transduction of extracellular signals to the cytoplasm via the receptor not only depends on ligand binding, but is also determined by the receptor density on the cell surface. Therefore, in terms of cancer diagnosis and therapeutic approaches targeting EGFR it is decisive to know how the expression level of EGFR is controlled. We found that transcription activity declines with increasing numbers of CA dinucleotides of a highly polymorphic CA repeat in the first intron epidermal growth factor receptor gene. In vivo data from cultured cell lines support these findings, although other regulation mechanisms can compensate this effect. In addition, we showed that RNA elongation terminates at a site closely downstream of the simple sequence repeat (SSR) and that there are two separate major transcription start sites. Model calculations for the helical DNA conformation revealed a high bendability in the EGFR polymorphic region, especially if the CA stretch is extended. These data suggest that the CA-SSR can act like a joint bringing the promoter in proximity to a putative repressor protein bound downstream of the CA-SSR. The data suggest that this polymorphism is a marker for cancer linking genetic and epigenetic risk. Furthermore in breast cancer, heterozygous tumours with short CA-SSR showed an elevated EGFR-expression in contrast to tumours with longer CA-SSR. Tumours with loss of heterozygosity in intron 1 of egfr revealed an increased EGFR expression if the longer allele was lost. Moreover, deceased egfr gene dosages were significantly correlated to poor prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gebhardt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University of Muenster, Germany
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Buerger H, Gebhardt F, Schmidt H, Beckmann A, Hutmacher K, Simon R, Lelle R, Boecker W, Brandt B. Length and loss of heterozygosity of an intron 1 polymorphic sequence of egfr is related to cytogenetic alterations and epithelial growth factor receptor expression. Cancer Res 2000; 60:854-7. [PMID: 10706093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) is correlated with a poor prognosis and reduced steroid receptor expression. Recently, it was demonstrated that the length of a CA repeat in the intron 1 of EGFR correlated with the expression of EGFR in vitro. We investigated 112 cases of cancerous and noncancerous breast tumor samples for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in intron 1 of the egfr gene and determined the intratumoral EGFR content and genetic alterations by comparative genomic hybridization. Heterozygous tumors with short CA repeats showed elevated EGFR expression in contrast to tumors with longer CA repeats. Tumors with LOH in intron 1 of egfr revealed higher EGFR expression when the longer allele was lost compared with loss of the shorter allele. Additionally, tumors with a loss of the long allele showed more chromosomal alterations, especially a higher frequency of amplifications. We conclude that the CA repeat status in intron 1 of the egfr gene also modulates the intratumoral EGFR content in vivo. Furthermore, LOH at the CA repeat is associated with genetically advanced tumors. Therefore, allele-specific gene expression due to LOH of the CA repeat could be assumed to be an important event in invasive breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Buerger
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University of Münster, Germany
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Gebhardt F, Zänker KS, Brandt B. Modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor gene transcription by a polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in intron 1. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:13176-80. [PMID: 10224073 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.19.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of a highly polymorphic CA dinucleotide repeat in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene on transcription was examined with a quantitative nuclear run-off method. We could demonstrate that transcription of the EGFR gene is inhibited by approximately 80% in alleles with 21 CA repeats. In experiments with polymerase chain reaction products that spanned a region of more than 4,000 base pairs and contained the promoter, two enhancers, and the polymorphic region in the first intron of the gene, we found that transcription activity declines with increasing numbers of CA dinucleotides. In vivo pre-mRNA expression data from cultured cell lines support these findings, although other regulation mechanisms can outweigh this effect. In addition, we showed that under our experimental conditions RNA elongation terminates at a site closely downstream of the simple sequence repeat and that there are two separate major transcription start sites. Our results provide new insights in individually different EGFR gene expression and the role of the CA repeat in transcription of this proto-oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gebhardt
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, University of Münster, 48129 Münster, Germany
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Hensen K, Gebhardt F, Bolte M. 3,3'-(1-Silacyclohexane-1,1-diyl)bis(1-methylimidazolium) Dibromide Acetonitrile Solvate at 173K. Acta Crystallogr C 1998. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108270198006763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Gebhardt F, Zänker KS, Brandt B. Differential expression of alternatively spliced c-erbB-2 mRNA in primary tumors, lymph node metastases, and bone marrow micrometastases from breast cancer patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 247:319-23. [PMID: 9642124 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We established an RT-PCR method to measure the amount of a 2.3-kb alternatively spliced mRNA of the human c-erbB-2/HER-2 proto-oncogene relative to the 4.6-kb full-length transcript. For the first time, we demonstrated production of c-erbB-2 extracellular domains via alternative splicing in breast cancer tissues, lymph node and bone marrow micrometastases. In 15 c-erbB-2-positive primary breast tumor samples, we found two significantly distinct subgroups: 6/15 had a low level of the extracellular fragment, and 9/15 showed an average 4.4-fold higher amount of the alternatively spliced mRNA. Additionally, six lymph nodes and six bone marrow aspirates from metastatic breast cancer patients were analyzed: 5/6 lymph nodes and 6/6 bone marrow aspirates were found to produce elevated relative amounts of the truncated fragment. The results demonstrate that our method is suitable for sensitive detection of c-erbB-2-positive micrometastasis and strongly suggest that the alternatively spliced c-erbB-2 variant is involved in the development of micrometastasis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gebhardt
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universität Münster, Münster, 48129, Germany
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Beckmann A, Gebhardt F, Brandt BH. Direct quantification of polymerase chain reaction fragments using field-amplified sample injection in capillary zone electrophoresis for gene dosage estimation. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1998; 710:75-80. [PMID: 9686873 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To assess gene dosages for clinical application, especially for prognostication of cancer, we developed a direct quantification method for polymerase chain reaction products. We report on an application of field amplified sample injection (FASI) to capillary zone electrophoresis which allows the quantification of PCR products without sample preparation. Using an external standard and UV detection for the quantification of DNA, a low coefficient of variation has been obtained. Overall, the described method provides a fast and easy tool for PCR product quantification in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beckmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Muenster, Germany
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Brandt BH, Beckmann A, Gebhardt F, Rötger A, Jackisch C, Assmann G, Zänker KS. Translational research studies of erbB oncogenes: selection strategies for breast cancer treatment. Cancer Lett 1997; 118:143-51. [PMID: 9459204 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(97)00324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Specific gene families, e.g. encoding members of signal transduction pathways, show a gene dosage sensitivity. We report on the determination of the gene dosages of egfr and c-erbB-2 in relation to the intratumoral concentration of the tyrosine kinase receptor protein EGFR and p185c-erbB-2 and the clinical outcome of breast cancer patients in a retrospective study. Prognostic unfavorable subgroups were determined in a life-table analysis by (a) an average gene copy number of egfr of less than 0.4 and greater than 1.6 and an intratumoral EGFR concentration of more than 56 fmol/mg, (b) an intratumoral p185c-erbB-2 concentration above 26 HNU/mg and (c) a quotient of egfr and c-erbB-2 average gene copy numbers of less than 0.15 and greater than 4.35.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Brandt
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Westf. Wilh.-Universität Münster, Germany.
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McCarthy EF, Gebhardt F, Bhagavan BS. The frozen-section autopsy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1981; 105:494-6. [PMID: 6895023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A protocol for the rapid completion of autopsies using frozen sections was studied. The protocol was tested on 50 autopsy subjects, and the results compared with those from the standard autopsy protocol used on the same 50 cases. Cost, speed with which the reports could be completed, teaching value, and accuracy were compared; autopsy completed by frozen sections was superior in all four areas. There were 47 errors, none of which involved major disease processes. All but nine were errors of sampling and could be remedied by the more liberal sampling of tissues and the occasional supplementation with paraffin sections. The frozen-section autopsy protocol can replace the standard autopsy protocol in most cases. The rapid completion of the autopsy invites participation of the clinician and stimulates cooperation that benefits both the clinician and the pathologist.
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von Kobyletzki D, Wahlig H, Gebhardt F. [Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in serum and urine]. Med Klin 1969; 64:1497-502. [PMID: 5351506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Gebhardt F. [The distribution of the confidence limits of the 3d and 4th sample moments for normal distributed variables]. Biom Z 1966; 8:219-41. [PMID: 5185248 DOI: 10.1002/bimj.19660080402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Jürgens R, Gebhardt F. Über die Eiweißkörper des Blutes bei experimenteller Leberschädigung durch die Eck-Fistel. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1934. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01878392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gebhardt F, Fricke G. Zur Frage der Insulinresorption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1929. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02610926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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