1
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Wolf CM, Zenker M, Boleti O, Norrish G, Russell M, Meisner JK, Peng DM, Prendiville T, Kleinmahon J, Kantor P, Gottlieb SD, Human D, Ewert P, Krueger M, Reber D, Donner B, Hart C, Komazec IO, Rupp S, Hahn A, Hanser A, Draaisma JM, Ten CF, Mussa A, Ferrero GB, Vaujois L, Raboisson MJ, Marquis C, Théoret Y, Bogarapu S, Dancea A, Moller HM, Kemna M, Kaski JP, Gelb BD, Andelfinger G. MAPK and mTOR Inhibition Improves Childhood RASopathy-Associated Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Wolf
- German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Deutschland
| | - M. Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics and University Children's Hospital, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | - O. Boleti
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - G. Norrish
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Russell
- University of Michigan, Michigan, United States
| | | | - D. M. Peng
- University of Michigan, Michigan, United States
| | | | - J. Kleinmahon
- Ochsner Hospital for Children, New Orleans, United States
| | - P. Kantor
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - S. D. Gottlieb
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - D. Human
- British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - P. Ewert
- German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Deutschland
| | - M. Krueger
- Municipal Hospital Munich Schwabing, Munich, Deutschland
| | - D. Reber
- Municipal Hospital Munich Schwabing, Munich, Deutschland
| | - B. Donner
- University Children's Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C. Hart
- University of Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | | | - S. Rupp
- University of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Deutschland
| | - A. Hahn
- University of Giessen, Giessen, Deutschland
| | - A. Hanser
- University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - J. M. Draaisma
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - C. F.E. Ten
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A. Mussa
- University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | - C. Marquis
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Y. Théoret
- Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - S. Bogarapu
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, United States
| | - A. Dancea
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - M. Kemna
- Seattle Children´s Hospital, Seattle, United States
| | - J. P. Kaski
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - B. D. Gelb
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
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2
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Alves CAPF, Sherbini O, D'Arco F, Steel D, Kurian MA, Radio FC, Ferrero GB, Carli D, Tartaglia M, Balci TB, Powell-Hamilton NN, Schrier Vergano SA, Reutter H, Hoefele J, Günthner R, Roeder ER, Littlejohn RO, Lessel D, Lüttgen S, Kentros C, Anyane-Yeboa K, Catarino CB, Mercimek-Andrews S, Denecke J, Lyons MJ, Klopstock T, Bhoj EJ, Bryant L, Vanderver A. Brain Abnormalities in Patients with Germline Variants in H3F3: Novel Imaging Findings and Neurologic Symptoms Beyond Somatic Variants and Brain Tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1048-1053. [PMID: 35772801 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pathogenic somatic variants affecting the genes Histone 3 Family 3A and 3B (H3F3) are extensively linked to the process of oncogenesis, in particular related to central nervous system tumors in children. Recently, H3F3 germline missense variants were described as the cause of a novel pediatric neurodevelopmental disorder. We aimed to investigate patterns of brain MR imaging of individuals carrying H3F3 germline variants. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, we included individuals with proved H3F3 causative genetic variants and available brain MR imaging scans. Clinical and demographic data were retrieved from available medical records. Molecular genetic testing results were classified using the American College of Medical Genetics criteria for variant curation. Brain MR imaging abnormalities were analyzed according to their location, signal intensity, and associated clinical symptoms. Numeric variables were described according to their distribution, with median and interquartile range. RESULTS Eighteen individuals (10 males, 56%) with H3F3 germline variants were included. Thirteen of 18 individuals (72%) presented with a small posterior fossa. Six individuals (33%) presented with reduced size and an internal rotational appearance of the heads of the caudate nuclei along with an enlarged and squared appearance of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles. Five individuals (28%) presented with dysgenesis of the splenium of the corpus callosum. Cortical developmental abnormalities were noted in 8 individuals (44%), with dysgyria and hypoplastic temporal poles being the most frequent presentation. CONCLUSIONS Imaging phenotypes in germline H3F3-affected individuals are related to brain features, including a small posterior fossa as well as dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, cortical developmental abnormalities, and deformity of lateral ventricles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - O Sherbini
- Department of Neurology (O.S., A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - D Steel
- Neurology (D.S., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,Molecular Neurosciences (D.S., M.A.K.), Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Diseases in Children, UCL GOS-Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - M A Kurian
- Neurology (D.S., M.A.K.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.,Molecular Neurosciences (D.S., M.A.K.), Zayed Centre for Research into Rare Diseases in Children, UCL GOS-Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - F C Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (F.C.R., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G B Ferrero
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics (G.B.F., D.C.), University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - D Carli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics (G.B.F., D.C.), University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - M Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division (F.C.R., M.T.), Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - T B Balci
- Medical Genetics Programof Southwestern Ontario (T.B.B.), London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics (T.B.B.), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - N N Powell-Hamilton
- Division of Medical Genetics (N.N.P.-H.), Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - S A Schrier Vergano
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism (S.A.S.V.), Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, Virginia.,Department of Pediatrics (S.A.S.V.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - H Reutter
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care (H.R.), Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Nürnberg-Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Hoefele
- Institute of Human Genetics (J.H., R.G.)
| | - R Günthner
- Institute of Human Genetics (J.H., R.G.).,Department of Nephrology (R.G.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - E R Roeder
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular and Human Genetics (E.R.R., R.O.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - R O Littlejohn
- Department of Pediatrics and Molecular and Human Genetics (E.R.R., R.O.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - D Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics (D.L., S.L.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Lüttgen
- Institute of Human Genetics (D.L., S.L.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Kentros
- Division of Clinical Genetics (C.K., K.A.-Y.), Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian, New York, New York
| | - K Anyane-Yeboa
- Division of Clinical Genetics (C.K., K.A.-Y.), Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and New York-Presbyterian, New York, New York
| | - C B Catarino
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute (C.B.C., T.K.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Mercimek-Andrews
- Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.-A.), Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics (S.M.-A.), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Denecke
- Department of Pediatrics (J.D.), University Medical Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M J Lyons
- Greenwood Genetic Center (M.J.L.), Greenwood, South Carolina
| | - T Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute (C.B.C., T.K.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (T.K.), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (T.K.), Munich, Germany
| | - E J Bhoj
- Department of Radiology, Division of Human Genetics (E.J.B., L.B.)
| | - L Bryant
- Department of Radiology, Division of Human Genetics (E.J.B., L.B.)
| | - A Vanderver
- Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Neurology (A.V.), Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurology (O.S., A.V.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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3
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Wolf CM, Zenker M, Norrish G, Russell M, Meisner JK, Peng DM, Prendiville T, Kleinmahon J, Kantor PF, Sen DG, Human DG, Ewert P, Krueger M, Reber D, Donner BC, Hart C, Odri-Komazec I, Rupp S, Hahn A, Hanser A, Hofbeck M, Draaisma JM, Cate FUT, Mussa A, Ferrero GB, Marquis C, Théoret Y, Kaski JP, Gelb BD, Andelfinger G. AKT/mTOR and MAPK Inhibition Improves Childhood RASopathic Cardiomyopathy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics and Applied Genomics, Magdeburg, Deutschland
| | | | - M. Russell
- University of Michigan, Michigan, United States
| | | | - D. M. Peng
- University of Michigan, Michigan, United States
| | | | - J. Kleinmahon
- Ochsner Hospital for Children, New Orleans, United States
| | - P. F. Kantor
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | - D. G. Human
- British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - P. Ewert
- Lazarettstr. 36, München, Deutschland
| | - M. Krueger
- Department of Neonatology, Municipal Hospital Munich Schwabing, Munich, Deutschland
| | - D. Reber
- Department of Neonatology, Municipal Hospital Munich Schwabing, Munich, Deutschland
| | - B. C. Donner
- Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital of Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C. Hart
- Paediatric Heart Center, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | | | - S. Rupp
- Launsbacher Straße 29a, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - A. Hahn
- Kinderklinik Gießen, Gießen, Deutschland
| | - A. Hanser
- Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - M. Hofbeck
- Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, Tübingen, Deutschland
| | - J. M. Draaisma
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F.E.A. Udink Ten Cate
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A. Mussa
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - G. B. Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - C. Marquis
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Y. Théoret
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - J. P. Kaski
- FRCP, Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - B. D. Gelb
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - G. Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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4
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Di Gregorio E, Riberi E, Belligni EF, Biamino E, Spielmann M, Ala U, Calcia A, Bagnasco I, Carli D, Gai G, Giordano M, Guala A, Keller R, Mandrile G, Arduino C, Maffè A, Naretto VG, Sirchia F, Sorasio L, Ungari S, Zonta A, Zacchetti G, Talarico F, Pappi P, Cavalieri S, Giorgio E, Mancini C, Ferrero M, Brussino A, Savin E, Gandione M, Pelle A, Giachino DF, De Marchi M, Restagno G, Provero P, Cirillo Silengo M, Grosso E, Buxbaum JD, Pasini B, De Rubeis S, Brusco A, Ferrero GB. Copy number variants analysis in a cohort of isolated and syndromic developmental delay/intellectual disability reveals novel genomic disorders, position effects and candidate disease genes. Clin Genet 2017; 92:415-422. [PMID: 28295210 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) is a widely used technique to detect copy number variants (CNVs) associated with developmental delay/intellectual disability (DD/ID). AIMS Identification of genomic disorders in DD/ID. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a comprehensive array-CGH investigation of 1,015 consecutive cases with DD/ID and combined literature mining, genetic evidence, evolutionary constraint scores, and functional information in order to assess the pathogenicity of the CNVs. RESULTS We identified non-benign CNVs in 29% of patients. Amongst the pathogenic variants (11%), detected with a yield consistent with the literature, we found rare genomic disorders and CNVs spanning known disease genes. We further identified and discussed 51 cases with likely pathogenic CNVs spanning novel candidate genes, including genes encoding synaptic components and/or proteins involved in corticogenesis. Additionally, we identified two deletions spanning potential Topological Associated Domain (TAD) boundaries probably affecting the regulatory landscape. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We show how phenotypic and genetic analyses of array-CGH data allow unraveling complex cases, identifying rare disease genes, and revealing unexpected position effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Di Gregorio
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Turin, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - E Riberi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - E F Belligni
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - E Biamino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - M Spielmann
- Research Group Mundlos, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Ala
- Computational Biology Unit, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - A Calcia
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - I Bagnasco
- Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Martini Hospital, ASL TO1, Turin, Italy
| | - D Carli
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - G Gai
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - M Giordano
- Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Eastern Piedmont and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Novara, Italy
| | - A Guala
- SOC Pediatria, Castelli Hospital, Verbania, Italy
| | - R Keller
- Mental Health Department, ASL TO2, Adult Autism Center, Turin, Italy
| | - G Mandrile
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy.,Medical Genetics, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - C Arduino
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - A Maffè
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - V G Naretto
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - F Sirchia
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - L Sorasio
- Pediatrics, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - S Ungari
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - A Zonta
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - G Zacchetti
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Eastern Piedmont and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Novara, Italy
| | - F Talarico
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - P Pappi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - S Cavalieri
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - E Giorgio
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - C Mancini
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - M Ferrero
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - A Brussino
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Turin, Italy
| | - E Savin
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - M Gandione
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - A Pelle
- Medical Genetics, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - D F Giachino
- Medical Genetics, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - M De Marchi
- Medical Genetics, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano (TO), Italy.,Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - G Restagno
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - P Provero
- Computational Biology Unit, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - M Cirillo Silengo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - E Grosso
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - J D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - B Pasini
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Santa Croce e Carle Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - S De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - A Brusco
- University of Torino, Department of Medical Sciences, Turin, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - G B Ferrero
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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5
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Mussa A, Russo S, de Crescenzo A, Freschi A, Calzari L, Maitz S, Macchiaiolo M, Molinatto C, Baldassarre G, Mariani M, Tarani L, Bedeschi MF, Milani D, Melis D, Bartuli A, Cubellis MV, Selicorni A, Silengo MC, Larizza L, Riccio A, Ferrero GB. Fetal growth patterns in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Clin Genet 2016; 90:21-7. [PMID: 26857110 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We provide data on fetal growth pattern on the molecular subtypes of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS): IC1 gain of methylation (IC1-GoM), IC2 loss of methylation (IC2-LoM), 11p15.5 paternal uniparental disomy (UPD), and CDKN1C mutation. In this observational study, gestational ages and neonatal growth parameters of 247 BWS patients were compared by calculating gestational age-corrected standard deviation scores (SDS) and proportionality indexes to search for differences among IC1-GoM (n = 21), UPD (n = 87), IC2-LoM (n = 147), and CDKN1C mutation (n = 11) patients. In IC1-GoM subgroup, weight and length are higher than in other subgroups. Body proportionality indexes display the following pattern: highest in IC1-GoM patients, lowest in IC2-LoM/CDKN1C patients, intermediate in UPD ones. Prematurity was significantly more prevalent in the CDKN1C (64%) and IC2-LoM subgroups (37%). Fetal growth patterns are different in the four molecular subtypes of BWS and remarkably consistent with altered gene expression primed by the respective molecular mechanisms. IC1-GoM cases show extreme macrosomia and severe disproportion between weight and length excess. In IC2-LoM/CDKN1C patients, macrosomia is less common and associated with more proportionate weight/length ratios with excess of preterm birth. UPD patients show growth patterns closer to those of IC2-LoM, but manifest a body mass disproportion rather similar to that seen in IC1-GoM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mussa
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - S Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - A Freschi
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - L Calzari
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Maitz
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italia
| | - M Macchiaiolo
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - C Molinatto
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - G Baldassarre
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Mariani
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italia
| | - L Tarani
- Department of Pediatric and Pediatric Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - M F Bedeschi
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - D Milani
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - D Melis
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - A Bartuli
- Rare Disease and Medical Genetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - M V Cubellis
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - A Selicorni
- Clinical Pediatric Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Clinics, MBBM Foundation, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italia
| | - M C Silengo
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - G B Ferrero
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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6
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Mussa A, Russo S, Larizza L, Riccio A, Ferrero GB. (Epi)genotype-phenotype correlations in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: a paradigm for genomic medicine. Clin Genet 2015; 89:403-415. [PMID: 26138266 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is the commonest overgrowth cancer predisposition disorder and represents a model for human imprinting dysregulation and tumorigenesis. BWS features can variably combine and present a widely variable range of severity in the phenotypic expression. This wide spectrum is paralleled at molecular level by complex (epi)genetic defects on chromosome 11p15.5 leading to disrupted expression of imprinted genes controlling growth and cellular proliferation. In this review, we outline the spectrum of clinical manifestations of BWS analyzing their (epi)genotype-phenotype correlations. The differences observed in the phenotypic profiles of BWS molecular subtypes allow a composite view of this syndrome with implications on clinical care, diagnosis, follow-up, and management, and provide directions for future disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mussa
- Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S Russo
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - L Larizza
- Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Riccio
- DiSTABiF, Second University of Naples, Napoli, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - G B Ferrero
- Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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7
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Baldassarre G, Mussa A, Dotta A, Banaudi E, Forzano S, Marinosci A, Rossi C, Tartaglia M, Silengo M, Ferrero GB. Prenatal features of Noonan syndrome: prevalence and prognostic value. Prenat Diagn 2011; 31:949-54. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Delmonaco AG, Gaidolfi E, Scheper GC, Girardo E, Molinatto C, Belligni E, Ferrero GB, Cirillo Silengo M, Van Der Knaap M. A child with macrocephaly: case report of a patient with megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts and a compound heterozygosity for two mutations in the MLC1 gene. Minerva Pediatr 2011; 63:125-129. [PMID: 21487377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Megalencephaly is as a rule accompanied by macrocephaly, an occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) greater than the 98th percentile. Megalencephaly is divided into an anatomic type (developmental) and a metabolic type. Metabolic megalencephaly refers to various storage and degenerative encephalopathies. The differential diagnosis includes Alexander's disease, Canavan's disease, glutaric aciduria type 1, GM1 and GM2 gangliosidosis, merosin-deficient variant of congenital muscular dystrophy and megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC). The distinctive features of this syndrome are enlarged cranial circumference, present at birth or starting in the first year of life, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidence of diffuse with matter abnormalities with subcortical cysts in the tips of the temporal lobes and in frontoparietal subcortical areas. Mutations in the MLC1 gene have been found as causative of MLC in 60-70 % of affected subjects, without genotype-phenotype correlation. The child we describe presented with progressive macrocephaly not associated with dysmorphic features and large abdominoscrotal hydrocele. At the age of 8 months, encephalic MRI showed anomalies suggestive for MLC and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) documented alterations of signal conduction in right tracts. At the time, clinical neurologic examination was normal. Extensive metabolic assays were within normal range. Sequence analysis for MLC1 gene revealed a compound heterozygosity for two mutations in MLC1 gene, inherited from healthy non consanguineous parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Delmonaco
- Department of Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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9
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Silengo M, Belligni E, Molinatto C, Baldassarre G, Baldassare G, Biamino E, Chiesa N, Zuffardi O, Girirajan S, Eichler EE, Ferrero GB. Eyebrow anomalies as a diagnostic sign of genomic disorders. Clin Genet 2010; 77:28-31. [PMID: 20092588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01347.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microdeletions and microduplications in the human genome, termed genomic disorders, contribute to a high proportion of human multisystemic neurodevelopmental diseases and are detected by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). In general, most genomic disorders are associated with craniofacial and skeletal features and behavioural abnormalities, in addition to learning disability and developmental delay (LD/DD). Specifically, recognition of a characteristic 'facial gestalt' has been the key to distinguish one genomic disorder from the other. Here, we report our experience concerning the relevance of abnormal eyebrow pattern as a diagnostic indicator of specific genomic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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10
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Sorasio L, Biamino E, Garelli E, Ferrero GB, Silengo MC. A novel H208D TP63 mutation in a familial case of ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip/palate syndrome without clefting. Clin Exp Dermatol 2009; 34:e726-8. [PMID: 19663851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant form of ectodermal dysplasia associated with limb anomalies and orofacial clefting. The TP63 gene has been shown to be the cause of the disease, and some tentative genotype-phenotype correlations have been reported. We describe a familial case of EEC syndrome, diagnosed in two siblings affected by severe ectrodactyly and mild ectodermal dysplasia, without clefting. Moreover, one of the siblings had a history of delayed developmental milestones in the first years of life. Family history revealed mild hand malformations in the father and grandfather, who were not available for clinical evaluation. The TP63 gene molecular study showed in both siblings a heterozygous H208D mutation, which has not been previously reported to our knowledge, suggesting that this molecular lesion is associated with EEC syndrome without orofacial clefting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sorasio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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11
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De Gregori M, Ciccone R, Magini P, Pramparo T, Gimelli S, Messa J, Novara F, Vetro A, Rossi E, Maraschio P, Bonaglia MC, Anichini C, Ferrero GB, Silengo M, Fazzi E, Zatterale A, Fischetto R, Previderé C, Belli S, Turci A, Calabrese G, Bernardi F, Meneghelli E, Riegel M, Rocchi M, Guerneri S, Lalatta F, Zelante L, Romano C, Fichera M, Mattina T, Arrigo G, Zollino M, Giglio S, Lonardo F, Bonfante A, Ferlini A, Cifuentes F, Van Esch H, Backx L, Schinzel A, Vermeesch JR, Zuffardi O. Cryptic deletions are a common finding in "balanced" reciprocal and complex chromosome rearrangements: a study of 59 patients. J Med Genet 2007; 44:750-62. [PMID: 17766364 PMCID: PMC2652810 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.052787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Using array comparative genome hybridisation (CGH) 41 de novo reciprocal translocations and 18 de novo complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRs) were screened. All cases had been interpreted as "balanced" by conventional cytogenetics. In all, 27 cases of reciprocal translocations were detected in patients with an abnormal phenotype, and after array CGH analysis, 11 were found to be unbalanced. Thus 40% (11 of 27) of patients with a "chromosomal phenotype" and an apparently balanced translocation were in fact unbalanced, and 18% (5 of 27) of the reciprocal translocations were instead complex rearrangements with >3 breakpoints. Fourteen fetuses with de novo, apparently balanced translocations, all but two with normal ultrasound findings, were also analysed and all were found to be normal using array CGH. Thirteen CCRs were detected in patients with abnormal phenotypes, two in women who had experienced repeated spontaneous abortions and three in fetuses. Sixteen patients were found to have unbalanced mutations, with up to 4 deletions. These results suggest that genome-wide array CGH may be advisable in all carriers of "balanced" CCRs. The parental origin of the deletions was investigated in 5 reciprocal translocations and 11 CCRs; all were found to be paternal. Using customized platforms in seven cases of CCRs, the deletion breakpoints were narrowed down to regions of a few hundred base pairs in length. No susceptibility motifs were associated with the imbalances. These results show that the phenotypic abnormalities of apparently balanced de novo CCRs are mainly due to cryptic deletions and that spermatogenesis is more prone to generate multiple chaotic chromosome imbalances and reciprocal translocations than oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Gregori
- Biologia Generale e Genetica Medica, Universitè di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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12
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Sorasio L, Ferrero GB, Garelli E, Brunello G, Martano C, Carando A, Belligni E, Dianzani I, Cirillo Silengo M. AEC syndrome: further evidence of a common genetic etiology with Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2006; 49:520-2. [PMID: 16824815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2006.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Cecconi M, Forzano F, Milani D, Cavani S, Baldo C, Selicorni A, Pantaleoni C, Silengo M, Ferrero GB, Scarano G, Della Monica M, Fischetto R, Grammatico P, Majore S, Zampino G, Memo L, Cordisco EL, Neri G, Pierluigi M, Bricarelli FD, Grasso M, Faravelli F. Mutation analysis of the NSD1 gene in a group of 59 patients with congenital overgrowth. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 134:247-53. [PMID: 15742365 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sotos syndrome is characterized by pre- and post-natal overgrowth, typical craniofacial features, advanced bone age, and developmental delay. Some degree of phenotypic overlap exists with other overgrowth syndromes, in particular with Weaver syndrome. Sotos syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 (nuclear receptor SET domain containing gene 1) gene. Microdeletions involving the gene are the major cause of the syndrome in Japanese patients, whereas intragenic mutations are more frequent in non-Japanese patients. NSD1 aberrations have also been described in some patients diagnosed as Weaver syndrome. Some authors have suggested a certain degree of genotype-phenotype correlation, with a milder degree of overgrowth, a more severe mental retardation, and a higher frequency of congenital anomalies in microdeleted patients. Data on larger series are needed to confirm this suggestion. We report here on microdeletion and mutation analysis of NSD1 in 59 patients with congenital overgrowth. Fourteen novel mutations, two previously described and one microdeletion were identified. All patients with a NSD1 mutation had been clinically classified as "classical Sotos," although their phenotype analysis demonstrated that some major criteria, such as overgrowth and macrocephaly, could be absent. All patients with confirmed mutations shared the typical Sotos facial gestalt. A high frequency of congenital heart defects was present in patients with intragenic mutations, supporting the relevance of the NSD1 gene in the pathogenesis of this particular defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cecconi
- SC Genetica Umana, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
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14
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Morgan NV, Bacchelli C, Gissen P, Morton J, Ferrero GB, Silengo M, Labrune P, Casteels I, Hall C, Cox P, Kelly DA, Trembath RC, Scambler PJ, Maher ER, Goodman FR, Johnson CA. A locus for asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy, ATD, maps to chromosome 15q13. J Med Genet 2003; 40:431-5. [PMID: 12807964 PMCID: PMC1735497 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.6.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD), or Jeune syndrome, is a multisystem autosomal recessive disorder associated with a characteristic skeletal dysplasia and variable renal, hepatic, pancreatic, and retinal abnormalities. We have performed a genome wide linkage search using autozygosity mapping in a cohort of four consanguineous families with ATD, three of which originate from Pakistan, and one from southern Italy. In these families, as well as in a fifth consanguineous family from France, we localised a novel ATD locus (ATD) to chromosome 15q13, with a maximum cumulative two point lod score at D15S1031 (Zmax=3.77 at theta=0.00). Five consanguineous families shared a 1.2 cM region of homozygosity between D15S165 and D15S1010. Investigation of a further four European kindreds, with no known parental consanguinity, showed evidence of marker homozygosity across a similar interval. Families with both mild and severe forms of ATD mapped to 15q13, but mutation analysis of two candidate genes, GREMLIN and FORMIN, did not show pathogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Morgan
- Section of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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15
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Abstract
Clinical diagnosis in dysmorphology is made by the recognition of a specific pattern of malformations and through an analytic search for discrete features. We present our personal experience regarding the usefulness of hair morphology as a tool for diagnosis in some metabolic and malformation syndromes. These cases represent only a few illustrative examples; an exhaustive review of the topic can be found elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Genetica Clinica, Dipartmento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Universita'di Torino, Italy.
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16
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Abstract
A new case of the association of the Beckwith-Wiedemann and prune belly syndrome is reported and the aetiology of the syndromes discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Silengo
- Dipartimento di Discipline Pediatriche e dell'Adolescenza, Universita' di Torino, Torino, Italy.
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17
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity is characterized by hemodynamic and metabolic alterations. Autonomic control on cardiac function involvement is controversial. The aim of the study was to assess early sign of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in obesity, using time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in a pediatric population. METHODS 32 obese children (OB) (17 M, 15 F; 13.9 +/- 1.7 y) were compared with 13 healthy lean subjects (7 M, 6 F; 12.9 +/- 1.6 y). For each participant, the authors performed a clinical examination, laboratory testing, blood pressure (BP) measurements, and 24-hour electrocardiograph/ambulatory BP monitoring. The spectral power was quantified in total power, low-frequency (LF) power, index of sympathetic tone, high-frequency (HF) power, index of vagal tone, and LF/HF ratio. Low frequency and HF were averaged to obtain 3 measures: 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime levels. Total, long-term, and short-term time-domain HRV values were calculated. RESULTS The obese children had higher casual and ambulatory BP, and higher fasting glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels. Overall HRV values were not significantly lower in OB. The obese children had significantly lower 24-hour and nighttime high-frequency normalized units, and time-domain measures of vagal activity. Low-frequency power showed an inverse but not significant pattern. The OB group had significantly greater 24-hour and nighttime LF/HF ratios. CONCLUSIONS The authors found an increase in heart rate and in BP associated with parasympathetic heart rate control decrease in stabilized obese normotensive children.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Martini
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, S. Vito Hospital, University of Turin, Italy
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18
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Vitale E, Brancolini V, De Rienzo A, Bird L, Allada V, Sklansky M, Chae CU, Ferrero GB, Weber J, Devoto M, Casey B. Suggestive linkage of situs inversus and other left-right axis anomalies to chromosome 6p. J Med Genet 2001; 38:182-5. [PMID: 11303511 PMCID: PMC1734820 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.38.3.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Bamford RN, Roessler E, Burdine RD, Saplakoğlu U, dela Cruz J, Splitt M, Goodship JA, Towbin J, Bowers P, Ferrero GB, Marino B, Schier AF, Shen MM, Muenke M, Casey B. Loss-of-function mutations in the EGF-CFC gene CFC1 are associated with human left-right laterality defects. Nat Genet 2000; 26:365-9. [PMID: 11062482 DOI: 10.1038/81695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
All vertebrates display a characteristic asymmetry of internal organs with the cardiac apex, stomach and spleen towards the left, and the liver and gall bladder on the right. Left-right (L-R) axis abnormalities or laterality defects are common in humans (1 in 8,500 live births). Several genes (such as Nodal, Ebaf and Pitx2) have been implicated in L-R organ positioning in model organisms. In humans, relatively few genes have been associated with a small percentage of human situs defects. These include ZIC3 (ref. 5), LEFTB (formerly LEFTY2; ref. 6) and ACVR2B (encoding activin receptor IIB; ref. 7). The EGF-CFC genes, mouse Cfc1 (encoding the Cryptic protein; ref. 9) and zebrafish one-eyed pinhead (oep; refs 10, 11) are essential for the establishment of the L-R axis. EGF-CFC proteins act as co-factors for Nodal-related signals, which have also been implicated in L-R axis development. Here we identify loss-of-function mutations in human CFC1 (encoding the CRYPTIC protein) in patients with heterotaxic phenotypes (randomized organ positioning). The mutant proteins have aberrant cellular localization in transfected cells and are functionally defective in a zebrafish oep-mutant rescue assay. Our findings indicate that the essential role of EGF-CFC genes and Nodal signalling in left-right axis formation is conserved from fish to humans. Moreover, our results support a role for environmental and/or genetic modifiers in determining the ultimate phenotype in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Bamford
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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20
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Ponzone A, Spada M, Ferrero GB, Ponzone R, Ferraris S. Newborn feeding and screening for phenylketonuria. Acta Paediatr 1999; 88:347-8. [PMID: 10229052 DOI: 10.1080/08035259950170178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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21
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Gebbia M, Ferrero GB, Pilia G, Bassi MT, Aylsworth A, Penman-Splitt M, Bird LM, Bamforth JS, Burn J, Schlessinger D, Nelson DL, Casey B. X-linked situs abnormalities result from mutations in ZIC3. Nat Genet 1997; 17:305-8. [PMID: 9354794 DOI: 10.1038/ng1197-305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrates position unpaired organs of the chest and abdomen asymmetrically along the left-right (LR) body axis. Each structure comes to lie non-randomly with respect to the midline in an overall position designated situs solitus, exemplified in humans by placement of the heart, stomach and spleen consistently to the left. Aberrant LR axis development can lead to randomization of individual organ position (situs ambiguus) or to mirror-image reversal of all lateralized structures (situs inversus). Previously we mapped a locus for situs abnormalities in humans, HTX1, to Xq26.2 by linkage analysis in a single family (LR1) and by detection of a deletion in an unrelated situs ambiguus male (Family LR2; refs 2,3). From this chromosomal region we have positionally cloned ZIC3, a gene encoding a putative zinc-finger transcription factor. One frameshift, two missense and two nonsense mutations have been identified in familial and sporadic situs ambiguus. The frameshift allele is also associated with situs inversus among some heterozygous females, suggesting that ZIC3 functions in the earliest stages of LR-axis formation. ZIC3, which has not been previously implicated in vertebrate LR-axis development, is the first gene unequivocally associated with human situs abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gebbia
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-3498, USA
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22
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Ferrero GB, Gebbia M, Pilia G, Witte D, Peier A, Hopkin RJ, Craigen WJ, Shaffer LG, Schlessinger D, Ballabio A, Casey B. A submicroscopic deletion in Xq26 associated with familial situs ambiguus. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 61:395-401. [PMID: 9311745 PMCID: PMC1715914 DOI: 10.1086/514857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal left-right-axis formation results in heterotaxy, a multiple-malformation syndrome often characterized by severe heart defects, splenic abnormalities, and gastrointestinal malrotation. Previously we had studied a large family in which a gene for heterotaxy, HTX1, was mapped to a 19-cM region in Xq24-q27.1. Further analysis of this family has revealed two recombinations that place HTX1 between DXS300 and DXS1062, an interval spanning approximately 1.3 Mb in Xq26.2. In order to provide independent confirmation of HTX1 localization, a PCR-based search for submicroscopic deletions in this region was performed in unrelated males with sporadic or familial heterotaxy. A cluster of sequence-tagged sites failed to amplify in an individual who also had a deceased, affected brother. FISH identified the mother as a carrier of the deletion, which arose as a new mutation from the maternal grandfather. The deletion interval spans 600-1,100 kb and lies wholly within the 1.3-Mb region identified by recombination. Discovery of this deletion supports localization of HTX1 to Xq26.2 and reveals the first molecular-genetic abnormality associated with human left-right-asymmetry defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Ferrero
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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23
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MacKenzie JJ, Fitzpatrick J, Babyn P, Ferrero GB, Ballabio A, Billingsley G, Bulman DE, Strasberg P, Ray PN, Costa T. X linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia: a clinical, radiological, and molecular study of a large kindred. J Med Genet 1996; 33:823-8. [PMID: 8933334 PMCID: PMC1050760 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.33.10.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
X linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (SEDT) is a rare disorder characterised by disproportionate short stature and degenerative changes in the spine and hips. We report a large kindred with 11 affected males and 17 obligate carrier females. We examined clinically and radiographically the seven living affected males and obtained detailed historical information on the four dead. The natural history was characterised by normal growth until late childhood. Decreased growth velocity was the earliest detectable abnormality. In adulthood, four subjects required hip replacements but disability was minimal. Clinical examinations showed a characteristic habitus with short stature (> 2 SD below the mean) and a decreased upper segment to lower segment ratio (> 1 SD below the mean) in all affected subjects. Also noted were scoliosis (6/7), and decreased range of hip rotation (6/7), and decreased range of movement of the lumbar spine (4/7). Radiographic evaluations were available on nine subjects. Radiographic changes were evident in two patients in childhood; findings in adulthood included narrow disc spaces (8/9), platyspondyly (7/9), the characteristic central and posterior hump of the vertebral bodies (6/9), bony spurs (7/ 8), and pelvic abnormalities (7/9). We also systematically evaluated eight obligate carrier females. They could not be distinguished from the general population on clinical and radiographic findings. Linkage analysis showed significant linkage with markers on Xp22, as previously reported. A recombinant event between DXS43 and DXS207 places the locus distal to DXS43.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J MacKenzie
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Spada M, Blau N, Meli C, Ferrero GB, de Sanctis L, Ferraris S, Ponzone A. Different Strategies In the Treatment of Dihydropteridine Reductase Deficiency. Pteridines 1996. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines.1996.7.3.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Spada
- 1Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolcscenza, Universita' degli Studi di Torino, Italy
| | - N. Blau
- 2Division of Clinical Chemistry, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. Meli
- 3Clinica Pediatrica, Universita'di Catania, Italy
| | - G. B. Ferrero
- 4Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolcscenza, Universita'degli Studi di Torino, Italy
| | - L. de Sanctis
- 4Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolcscenza, Universita'degli Studi di Torino, Italy
| | - S. Ferraris
- 5Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolcscenza, Universita'degli Studi di Torino
| | - A. Ponzone
- 4Dipartimento di Scienze Pediatriche e dell'Adolcscenza, Universita'degli Studi di Torino, Italy
- 6Facolta' di Magistero, Universita'di Messina, Italy
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Spada M, Ferraris S, Ferrero GB, Sartore M, Lanza C, Perfetto F, de Sanctis L, Dompé C, Blau N, Ponzone A. Monitoring treatment in tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency by serum prolactin. J Inherit Metab Dis 1996; 19:231-3. [PMID: 8739973 DOI: 10.1007/bf01799437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Spada
- Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Italy
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Ferrero GB, Franco B, Roth EJ, Firulli BA, Borsani G, Delmas-Mata J, Weissenbach J, Halley G, Schlessinger D, Chinault AC, Zoghbi HY, Nelson DL, Ballabio A. An integrated physical and genetic map of a 35 Mb region on chromosome Xp22.3-Xp21.3. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4:1821-7. [PMID: 8595402 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.10.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We have constructed a detailed physical map of the 35 Mb region spanning human chromosome Xp22.3-Xp21.3. The backbone of the map is represented by a single oriented contiguous stretch of 585 overlapping yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones covering the entire region. The map is formatted with 615 map objects that include 324 YACs, 185 sequence tagged sites, 28 genes, 85 chromosomal breakpoints and 37 highly polymorphic markers. Physical mapping was both guided and confirmed using 183 bins defined by chromosomal breakpoints and by overlapping regions of YAC clones. The localization of polymorphic markers in the physical map permits the integration of physical and genetic data across the region. These data establish chromosome Xp22.3-Xp21.3 as one of the best characterized large regions in the human genome. The map should greatly facilitate finer scale mapping and sequencing as well as the identification of disease genes from this portion of the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Ferrero
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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27
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Wang I, Franco B, Ferrero GB, Chinault AC, Weissenbach J, Chumakov I, Le Paslier D, Levilliers J, Klink A, Rappold GA, Ballabio A, Petit C. High-density physical mapping of a 3-Mb region in Xp22.3 and refined localization of the gene for X-linked recessive chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX1). Genomics 1995; 26:229-38. [PMID: 7601447 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The study of patients with chromosomal rearrangements has led to the mapping of the gene responsible for X-linked recessive chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX1; MIM 302950) to the distal part of the Xp22.3 region, between the loci PABX and DXS31. To refine this mapping, a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig map spanning this region has been constructed. Together with the YAC contig of the pseudo-autosomal region that we previously established, this map covers the terminal 6 Mb of Xp, with an average density of 1 probe every 100 kb. Newly isolated probes that detect segmental X-Y homologies on Yp and Yq suggest multiple complex rearrangements of the ancestral pseudoautosomal region during evolution. Compilation of the data obtained from the study of individuals carrying various Xp22.3 deletions led us to conclude that the CDPX disease displays incomplete penetrance and, consequently, to refine the localization of CDPX1 to a 600-kb interval immediately adjacent to the pseudoautosomal boundary. This interval, in which 12 probes are ordered, provides the starting point for the isolation of CDPX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Wang
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine (CNRS UA 1445), Paris, France
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28
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van Slegtenhorst MA, Bassi MT, Borsani G, Wapenaar MC, Ferrero GB, de Conciliis L, Rugarli EI, Grillo A, Franco B, Zoghbi HY, Ballabio A. A gene from the Xp22.3 region shares homology with voltage-gated chloride channels. Hum Mol Genet 1994; 3:547-52. [PMID: 8069296 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/3.4.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the framework of constructing a comprehensive transcript map of the human Xp22.3 region, we identified an evolutionary conserved CpG island and cloned the corresponding gene. The predicted 760 amino acid protein encoded by this gene contains 12 hydrophobic domains and shares significant sequence and structural similarities with all the previously isolated members of a recently identified family of voltage-gated chloride channels (the 'CIC family'). This gene, termed CICN4 (Chloride Channel 4), contains at least 10 exons spanning 60 to 80 kb on the X chromosome. In contrast to most genes isolated from the human Xp22.3 region, the CICN4 gene does not share homology with the Y chromosome and it is conserved in mouse and hamster. Expression studies revealed the presence of a 7.5 kb transcript which is particularly abundant in skeletal muscle and is also detectable in brain and heart. These data suggest that we have identified a new voltage-gated chloride channel which is encoded by a gene located in the distal short arm of the X chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A van Slegtenhorst
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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29
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Lindsay EA, Grillo A, Ferrero GB, Roth EJ, Magenis E, Grompe M, Hultén M, Gould C, Baldini A, Zoghbi HY. Microphthalmia with linear skin defects (MLS) syndrome: clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization. Am J Med Genet 1994; 49:229-34. [PMID: 8116674 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320490214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The microphthalmia with linear skin defects (MLS) syndrome (MIM 309801) is a severe developmental disorder observed in XX individuals with distal Xp segmental monosomy. The phenotype of this syndrome overlaps with that of both Aicardi (MIM 304050) and Goltz (MIM 305600) syndromes, two X-linked dominant, male-lethal disorders. Here we report the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization of 3 patients with this syndrome. Two of these patients are females with a terminal Xpter-p22.2 deletion. One of these 2 patients had an aborted fetus with anencephaly and the same chromosome abnormality. The third patient is an XX male with Xp/Yp exchange spanning the SRY gene which results in distal Xp monosomy. The extensive clinical variability observed in these patients and the results of the molecular analysis suggest that X-inactivation plays an important role in determining the phenotype of the MLS syndrome. We propose that the MLS, Aicardi, and Goltz syndromes are due to the involvement of the same gene(s), and that different patterns of X-inactivation are responsible for the phenotypic differences observed in these 3 disorders. However, we cannot rule out that each component of the MLS phenotype is caused by deletion of a different gene (a contiguous gene syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Lindsay
- Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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30
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Yen PH, Ferrero GB, Chinault AC, Mohandas T, Ballabio A. Characterization of the deletion breakpoints in a patient with steroid sulfatase deficiency. Hum Mutat 1994; 4:76-8. [PMID: 7951263 DOI: 10.1002/humu.1380040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P H Yen
- Division of Medical Genetics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance 90502
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31
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Lee WC, Ferrero GB, Chinault AC, Yen PH, Ballabio A. A yeast artificial chromosome contig linking the steroid sulfatase and Kallmann syndrome loci on the human X chromosome short arm. Genomics 1993; 18:1-6. [PMID: 8276392 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1993.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this report we describe the construction of a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig linking the steroid sulfatase (STS) and Kallmann syndrome (KAL) loci on Xp22.3. Four human YAC libraries were screened initially with sequences from DXS237 (GMGX9), DXS278 (S232B), and KAL and later with primers from exon 10 of the STS gene and the end fragment of a YAC clone YGX3 to fill the gaps. Fifteen clones were isolated and the sizes of their human inserts were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis followed by Southern hybridization with labeled total human DNA. Overlaps between the YAC clones were evaluated using more than 20 DNA markers, including the screening probes, the end fragments, and the Alu-PCR products of the YAC clones. The extent of overlapping between the clones was further determined by long-range restriction mapping. In combination with our previously reported YAC contigs around STS and KAL, a total of 2 Mb of Xp22.3 have been isolated in YAC clones. These clones will facilitate the isolation of new genes and the characterization of deletions and translocations which occur at very high frequency in this region of the human X chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Lee
- Division of Medical Genetics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance 90502
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32
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Wapenaar MC, Bassi MT, Schaefer L, Grillo A, Ferrero GB, Chinault AC, Ballabio A, Zoghbi HY. The genes for X-linked ocular albinism (OA1) and microphthalmia with linear skin defects (MLS): cloning and characterization of the critical regions. Hum Mol Genet 1993; 2:947-52. [PMID: 8364577 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/2.7.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We have used cell lines from patients with deletions and translocations involving the Xp22 region to map the genes for two X-linked disorders, ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) and microphthalmia with linear skin defects (MLS). Using existing and newly isolated DNA markers, the map position within Xp22 of key patient breakpoints, defining the boundaries of the genomic regions involved in these disorders (the critical regions), has been precisely determined. A 2.6 Mb yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig, spanning the critical regions for these two disorders, was assembled. Detailed long-range restriction analysis of the contig established the sizes of the critical regions to be 200 kb for OA1 and 800 - 925 kb for MLS. Ten potential CpG-islands, representing candidate sites for genes, have been mapped within the 2.6 Mb region. Our data should greatly facilitate efforts aimed at cloning the genes for these developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Wapenaar
- Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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33
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Schaefer L, Ferrero GB, Grillo A, Bassi MT, Roth EJ, Wapenaar MC, van Ommen GJ, Mohandas TK, Rocchi M, Zoghbi HY, Ballabio A. A high resolution deletion map of human chromosome Xp22. Nat Genet 1993; 4:272-9. [PMID: 8358436 DOI: 10.1038/ng0793-272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a 32-interval deletion panel for human chromosome Xp22 spanning about 30 megabases of genomic DNA. DNA samples from 50 patients with chromosomal rearrangements involving Xp22 were tested with 60 markers using a polymerase chain reaction strategy. The ensuing deletion map allowed us to confirm and refine the order of previously isolated and newly developed markers. Our mapping panel will provide the framework for mapping new sequences, for orienting chromosome walks in the region and for projects aimed at isolating genes responsible for diseases mapping to Xp22.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schaefer
- Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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34
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Dianzani I, Camaschella C, Saglio G, Ferrero GB, Ramus S, Ponzone A, Cotton RG. Molecular analysis of contiguous exons of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene: identification of a new PKU mutation. J Med Genet 1993; 30:228-31. [PMID: 8097261 PMCID: PMC1016305 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.30.3.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A modified application of the chemical cleavage of mismatch (CCM) method has been used to screen three contiguous exons (exons 9, 10, and 11) of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in 17 Italian PKU patients. A new nonsense heterozygous C-->G transversion within exon 11 (S359X) was identified in a single patient. Only one of the four mutations previously reported in this DNA region in Caucasians was found. This lesion, IVS X-546, was detected in five of the 34 PKU alleles examined. Our results underline the versatility of the CCM method for scanning a gene for multiple mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dianzani
- Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
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35
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Ponzone A, Guardamagna O, Dianzani I, Ponzone R, Ferrero GB, Spada M, Cotton RG. Catalytic activity of tetrahydrobiopterin in dihydropteridine reductase deficiency and indications for treatment. Pediatr Res 1993; 33:125-8. [PMID: 8433887 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199302000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the natural cofactor of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, in the absence of its regenerating enzyme dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR), will function only stoichiometrically in the phenylalanine (Phe) hydroxylating system. This has limited the use of pterin cofactor in diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from inherited DHPR deficiency, one of the most common forms of hyperphenylalaninemia caused by BH4 deficiency. This is despite the observation of a dramatic fall in serum Phe concentration after BH4 loading in such patients. In this study, quantitation of this phenomenon was obtained by comparing the kinetics of serum Phe after either a simple Phe or a combined Phe plus BH4 oral loading in patients with Phe hydroxylase or with DHPR deficiency. Only in the latter was the total body clearance of Phe enhanced up to 5 times by the cofactor administration, resulting in the molar equivalent of Phe hydroxylated/mol of BH4 ranging from at least 6 to 10, against the postulated 1. As a consequence, BH4 administration should be attempted therapeutically in DHPR-deficient patients, thus avoiding a lifelong Phe-restricted diet. Preliminary experience with such treatment is given with two cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ponzone
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Torino, Italy
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36
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Abstract
Some cases of primary hyperphenylalaninemia are not caused by the lack of phenylalanine hydroxylase, but by the lack of its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin. These patients are not clinically responsive to a phenylalanine-restricted diet, but need specific substitution therapy. Thus, it became necessary to examine all newborns screened as positive with the Guthrie test for tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency. Methods based on urinary pterin or on specific enzyme activity measurements are limited in their availability, and the simplest method, based on the lowering of serum phenylalanine after loading with cofactor, was discouraged by the finding that some dihydropteridine reductase-deficient patients were unresponsive. The preliminary observation that this limitation could be overcome by increasing the dose of the administered cofactor prompted us to reevaluate the potential of the tetrahydrobiopterin loading test in hyperphenylalaninemia. Fifteen patients, eight with ultimate diagnosis of phenylketonuria, three with 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase-, and four with dihydropteridine reductase-deficiency, have been examined by administering synthetic tetrahydrobiopterin both orally, at doses of 7.5 and 20 mg/kg, and i.v., at a dose of 2 mg/kg. All the tetrahydrobiopterin-deficient patients, unlike those with phenylketonuria, responded to the oral dose of 20 mg/kg cofactor by lowering their serum phenylalanine concentration markedly below baseline to an extent easily detectable by Guthrie cards. This method allows for a simple screening method when enzyme or pterin studies are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ponzone
- Institute of Pediatric Clinic, University of Torino, Italy
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37
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Dianzani I, Camaschella C, Ferrero GB, De Sanctis L, Ponzone A, Cotton RGH. Molecular Basis of Phenylketonuria in Italy. Pteridines 1991. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines.1991.3.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Dianzani
- Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - C. Camaschella
- Dipartimento di Scienze. Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Via Genova 3, 10126 Italy
| | - G. B. Ferrero
- Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - L. De Sanctis
- Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - A. Ponzone
- Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - R. G. H. Cotton
- The Murdoch Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia
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38
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Dianzani I, Devoto M, Camaschella C, Saglio G, Ferrero GB, Cerone R, Romano C, Romeo G, Giovannini M, Riva E. Haplotype distribution and molecular defects at the phenylalanine hydroxylase locus in Italy. Hum Genet 1990; 86:69-72. [PMID: 1979309 DOI: 10.1007/bf00205176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the molecular basis of phenylketonuria (PKU) in Italy, we characterized the RFLP haplotypes at the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in 38 unrelated Italian PKU families. The distribution of haplotypes associated with PKU alleles differs from that of other European populations. In particular, haplotypes 1 and 6 are present in 39.7% and 17.6% of the PKU chromosomes, whereas the frequencies of haplotypes 2 and 3 are 5.9% and 2.9%, respectively. The characterization of PKU mutations using the polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific oligonucleotides shows that 1 out of 2 haplotypes 3 carries the splicing mutation and that 2 out of 4 haplotypes 2 carry the missense mutation associated with these haplotypes in North European populations. Our results indicate that the two molecular defects most frequent in Northern Europe represent a minority of PKU mutations in Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dianzani
- Clinica Pediatrica dell'Università di Torino, Turin, Italy
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39
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Ponzone A, Blau N, Guardamagna O, Ferrero GB, Dianzani I, Endres W. Progression of 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency from a peripheral into a central phenotype. J Inherit Metab Dis 1990; 13:298-300. [PMID: 1700190 DOI: 10.1007/bf01799379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ponzone
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
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40
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Dianzani I, Camaschella C, Saglio G, Ferrero GB, Romeo G, Devoto M, Romano C, Cerone R, Giovannini M, Riva E. Haplotype distribution and molecular defects of PKU in Italy. J Inherit Metab Dis 1990; 13:292-4. [PMID: 1977954 DOI: 10.1007/bf01799377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Dianzani
- Istituto di Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Torino, Italy
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