1
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Brazeau GA, Robinson ET, Wolcott J, Jones CB. Ghosts and Ghosting in Digital Communications. Am J Pharm Educ 2024; 88:100692. [PMID: 38552716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2024.100692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Ghosting, professionally and personally, occurs when there is an abrupt end to communication between 2 individuals without any explanation or when an individual does not follow through on commitments to others associated with their communication. The increase in the available communication channels and speed at which messages can now be transmitted between individuals is resulting in a greater incidence of ghosting or perceived ghosting in our colleges/schools of pharmacy. The impact of ghosting is the disruption of effective communication and communication strategies that are essential to the development of positive and thriving cultures and subcultures in our institutions. The causes of ghosting (real or perceived) in our pharmacy academy could be attributed to increased workload and speed of communication, increased workload and productivity expectations, and increased workload and information volume. The consequences of ghosting in our colleges/schools can result in decreased psychological safety in our cultures, adversely impacting individual well-being, resiliency, grit, and satisfaction and adversely impacting student academic performance and success. There are simple steps that individuals and institutions can implement to minimize ghosting or the perception of ghosting that may occur with online communication channels used by our faculty, staff, students, and outside individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huntington, WV, USA; Editor - American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, USA.
| | - Evan T Robinson
- Creighton University, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Janet Wolcott
- Cabell-Huntington Hospital Department of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Cynthia B Jones
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huntington, WV, USA
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2
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Brazeau GA, Robinson ET, Reardon G, Zgarrick DP. Pharmacists must take an active role as citizen scientists. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2024; 64:30-33. [PMID: 37844732 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Science is a process by which society advances knowledge of the physical and natural world through observation, experimentation, and testing of theories based on evidence. This process forms the foundation of the biomedical, clinical, and social sciences, which together provide an ever-changing knowledge base for health care professionals, like pharmacists, to use to provide evidence-based care to patients and communities. Yet, despite the essential and integrated application of science to improve health-related knowledge and care delivery, the utility and viability of science itself are under threat. Science as a broad discipline continues to be subject to politicization, misinformation, and persisting inequities among its beneficiaries. Science remains the subject of disparate perspectives regarding its societal benefits and expected roles. Pharmacists, given their education, training, and earned trust, can help to address these challenges by engagement as citizen scientists. Citizen scientists, through involvement with related initiatives, promote and advance all aspects of the public good, which are essential to the continued smooth functioning of our society. Pharmacists are well positioned to be engaged in various citizen scientist roles available in their communities that promote the public good economically, politically, and culturally. Involvement in citizen science activities is not without personal cost. This can be challenging, depending upon the level of involvement. It might take time away from other desired activities and generate perceived deficits of self-efficacy. Yet pharmacists who engage in the process of scientific discovery at any level as citizen scientists can experience personal and professional benefits, engage with other members of their communities, and provide an opportunity to serve as role models to others considering a career in pharmacy.
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3
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Robinson ET, Brazeau GA. Shackleton's Successful Failure: Lessons for the Academy. Am J Pharm Educ 2024; 88:100629. [PMID: 38065439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Leadership is many things. It is fun, exciting, rewarding, and oftentimes, it can be challenging. Those challenges, especially within higher education and pharmacy, have been well documented and the turbulent times are likely to continue. It is therefore important to consider how leaders learn to lead. Within this article, the authors explore learning leadership and applying the leadership principles of a leader who led what can best be defined as a successful failure, Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition to the South Pole. The well-documented journey of the Endurance did not meet its goals but instead endured a nearly 2-year odyssey during which survival was the goal. The success was measured in that not a soul was lost during this 2-year period. The success of the Endurance measured by the return of the entire crew has been linked to the leadership of Ernest Shackleton and his approaches to leadership as relates to his attributes, work with individuals, and work on the culture of the crew. The leadership lessons from Shackleton can provide useful insights toward successful leadership in contemporary higher and pharmacy education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan T Robinson
- Creighton University, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Gayle A Brazeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, USA; American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Rochester, NY, USA
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4
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Erstad BL, Blakely CG, Romero A, Pérez AA, Brazeau GA. Best Practice Strategies for Retaining Faculty During Times of Rapid Change. Am J Pharm Educ 2023; 87:100579. [PMID: 37524260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Faculty retention is an issue of concern to schools and colleges of pharmacy. The reasons why faculty leave are multifactorial but often involve a breach of unwritten contract obligations between the faculty member and the organization. This article provides strategies for retaining faculty based on published literature that include perceived breaches of unwritten contracts and our own perspectives as departmental and university administrators and senior faculty members who have been involved in devising and implementing institutional change. Retention begins with recruitment but then needs to be nurtured during onboarding and as part of the overall enculturation process for new faculty members. Particular attention to the factors that influence the retention of underrepresented minorities must be incorporated to help ensure that pharmacy educators reflect the diversity of the US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Erstad
- University of Arizona, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | | | - Andrea Romero
- University of Arizona, Family Studies & Human Development, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Gayle A Brazeau
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Huntington, WV, USA
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5
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Thornby KA, Brazeau GA, Chen AMH. Reducing Student Workload Through Curricular Efficiency. Am J Pharm Educ 2023; 87:100015. [PMID: 37597906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This integrative review will examine the current literature assessing student workload, outcomes of increased workload and cognitive load, and approaches to evaluate and reduce student workload. Recommendations to better inform curriculum planning efforts will be presented along with a call to action to address the dilemma of student workload and curricular efficiency efforts. FINDINGS Literature supports that perceptions of heavy workload can influence students' approach to learning and lead to the adoption of surface learning rather than a deep approach that involves higher-order processing and critical thinking. Additionally, ongoing evidence suggests that workload expansion affects student well-being and potential burnout in professional programs, and specifically that students perceive workload as directly related to their well-being and satisfaction. Intentional planning by faculty and programs can address this issue through streamlining classroom content, reducing lecture time, and modifying preclass work to allow for efficient learning. Even if the curriculum is lecture-based, workload perceptions can be affected by developing clearer guidance to set expectations for learners, intentionality in classroom design, and creating opportunities for student engagement. SUMMARY Cognitive overload is multifactorial and complicated, given the increased standards of professional education accreditation and licensure requirements. As the Academy deliberately considers methods to improve curricular efficiency, there is an opportunity to focus on curriculum delivery with an appropriate balance of breadth and depth of instruction to ensure effective assessment and cognitive load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisy-Ann Thornby
- Palm Beach Atlantic University, Lloyd L. Gregory School of Pharmacy, West Palm Beach, FL, USA.
| | - Gayle A Brazeau
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, USA; Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Aleda M H Chen
- Cedarville University, School of Pharmacy, Cedarville, OH, USA
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6
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Brazeau GA. Report of the Journal Editor. Am J Pharm Educ 2023; 87:100566. [PMID: 37429428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, VA, USA.
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7
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Robinson ET, Jones C, Brazeau GA. Addressing an Uncertain Future With a Culture of Psychological Safety. Am J Pharm Educ 2023; 87:100032. [PMID: 37380278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Faculty, staff, and administrators in our pharmacy colleges and schools work in well-known organizational structures that form the foundations for cultures and subcultures. The importance of promoting a positive culture and subculture is a frequent discussion in our own institutions and across the academy. However, the impact of these cultures and subcultures on individual and collective success and how they influence inclusion and innovation in our organizations are often not considered in these conversations. Psychological safety promotes an environment in an organization where an individual feels included in the culture or subculture; is safe to learn; is safe to contribute; and is safe to challenge the status quo all without the fear of being embarrassed, marginalized, or penalized in some way. Psychological safety is the foundation for enabling learning, innovation, and change in our colleges and schools of pharmacy. This commentary will highlight elements of cultures and subcultures, the importance of fostering a psychologically safe environment in our colleges and schools, and suggestions for success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan T Robinson
- Creighton University, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Cynthia Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Gayle A Brazeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, USA; Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.
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Reardon G, Robinson ET, Schuster S, Brazeau GA. Advancing Systems Citizenship in Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy. Am J Pharm Educ 2023; 87:100008. [PMID: 37288685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacy academy works collectively to serve the educational needs of diverse stakeholders by promulgating expectations for professional programs to achieve standards for both practice and professional development. Building systems thinking into the learning process, with its associative benefits to postgraduate preparation and lifelong practice, offers a pathway to achieve this educational mission. The concept of systems citizenship has been suggested as a process for helping health professional students incorporate a meaningful professional identity and responsibly seek out an understanding of the connections between patients, communities, and the larger institutions and environments that affect each. Drawing on the discipline of systems thinking, the student and pharmacist learn to be effective locally by thinking globally. Systems thinking, a basis for effective citizenship, is a proactive and shared approach to problem-solving that integrates professional identity with the goal of closing gaps in care. Pharmacy colleges/schools provide an opportune forum for educating professional students and postgraduates with the knowledge, skills, and abilities critical to becoming valuable and contributing systems citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Reardon
- Keck Graduate Institute, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Evan T Robinson
- Creighton University, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sheldon Schuster
- Keck Graduate Institute, Office of the President, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Gayle A Brazeau
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, USA; Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education.
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9
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Brazeau GA, Vermeulen L. The AJPE Journey Continues in Advancing Scholarly Excellence in Pharmacy Education Publications. Am J Pharm Educ 2023; 87:100113. [PMID: 37288675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This issue of the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (AJPE) is the start of an empowering copublishing partnership of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) with Elsevier. The Journal, since 1937, has been committed to providing the highest quality of scholarly publications in all facets of pharmacy education. Our partnership with Elsevier is the next step in our continued journey to publishing outstanding scholarship in teaching and learning across the pharmacy Academy. The Journal will now have greater impact and outreach through the ScienceDirect Freedom Collection. Authors, reviewers, editors, and our pharmacy Academy will benefit through enhanced services available through the Elsevier innovative publishing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, United States; American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, United States.
| | - Lee Vermeulen
- American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, Arlington, VA, United States
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10
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Robinson ET, Brazeau GA. Considering Retention and Curricula in Reframing Pharmacy Enrollment Challenges. Am J Pharm Educ 2023; 87:ajpe9116. [PMID: 36270664 PMCID: PMC10159536 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe9116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Enrollment in pharmacy education has been a topic of extensive discussions as the number of applications has declined. Some pharmacy programs have either not met enrollment goals or decreased incoming class sizes. This Commentary poses two questions that we must ask ourselves as an Academy. First, is it possible to realistically do more to recruit our way out of this situation in the next three to five years and beyond. Second, how, if possible, will pharmacy colleges and schools avoid the significant and transformative forces that could impact higher education in the future. Forces that are impacting higher education include changing demographics, transitioning from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based economy, and the continuing advances in technology with increased globalization as a component of all three of these forces. To address these questions, the concepts of student retention and success as well as considerations for reframing current curricular and pedagogical models and beliefs are challenged. In that pharmacy enrollment challenges are not likely to be easily resolved in the next few years, the Academy must place additional emphasis on issues related to student success and the design of our educational models and programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan T Robinson
- Creighton University, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Gayle A Brazeau
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
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11
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Plummer S, Sparks J, Broedel-Zaugg K, Brazeau DA, Krebs K, Brazeau GA. Trends in the Number of Authors and Institutions in Papers Published in AJPE 2015-2019. Am J Pharm Educ 2023; 87:ajpe8972. [PMID: 35246443 PMCID: PMC10159497 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate the number of authors and unique institutions per paper published in the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education (AJPE) in 2015 through 2019, and to examine the number of authors and unique institutions for papers that were nominated for the Rufus A. Lyman Award in the same period.Methods. Articles published in AJPE from 2015 through 2019 were reviewed. Data collected for each article included article type, number of authors, and number of institutions.Results. Of the 811 articles published in AJPE during this period, the number of authors increased significantly from a mean (SD) of 3.5 (1.8) to 4.5 (2.2). The number of unique institutions also increased significantly from 1.7 (1.1) to 2.4 (1.8).Conclusion. There is a trend toward a greater number of authors and unique institutions for the publications in one pharmacy education journal. Explanations for this trend may include pressure to publish, increased research complexity, and expanded interprofessional collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Plummer
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Jennifer Sparks
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia
| | | | - Daniel A Brazeau
- Marshall University, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Kristine Krebs
- American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
- American Society for Microbiology, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gayle A Brazeau
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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12
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Brazeau GA. Pursuing Excellence in Your Academic Journey. Am J Pharm Educ 2022; 86:9029. [PMID: 35063950 PMCID: PMC10159437 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe9029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
An academic career affords us the opportunity for continuous learning and professional growth throughout the ups and downs of our professional life, during good and bad times. A key element necessary to navigate an academic career is to always focus on excellence as the core principle underlying our actions and interactions with others along the journey. This Commentary reflects on four essential elements of excellence that can enhance our academic journey. We should always care more, risk more, dream more, and expect more than others think is possible as we approach the days and years of our academic careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia
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13
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Brazeau GA, Romanelli F, DiPiro JT. Dr. Lucinda Maine: Twenty Years of Supporting Scholarship and the Advancement of the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. Am J Pharm Educ 2022; 86:9158. [PMID: 35764414 PMCID: PMC10159492 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe9158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
| | - Frank Romanelli
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky
- Executive Associate Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
| | - Joseph T DiPiro
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Editor Emeritus, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
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14
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Brazeau GA. Report of the Journal Editor. Am J Pharm Educ 2021; 85:8884. [PMID: 34965920 PMCID: PMC8715964 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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15
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Erstad BL, Romero A, Miller R, Liaupsin C, Thienhaus OJ, Wagner P, Schlager E, Brazeau GA. Equity for and Inclusion of Non-Tenure-Track Pharmacy Faculty Within Academia. Am J Pharm Educ 2021; 85:8428. [PMID: 34283773 PMCID: PMC8006479 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although there are at least twice as many non-tenure-track first-time pharmacy faculty as tenured and tenure-track first-time pharmacy faculty entering academia based on data collected from 2013 to 2019, there are ongoing equity, inclusion, and advancement issues between these categories of faculty that require consideration. Contracts with clear descriptions of responsibilities are needed along with regular evaluations and promotion opportunities based on the faculty member's performance of the assigned responsibilities, appropriate compensation including fringe benefits, inclusion in institutional voting and governance, and due process protections against abrupt termination. Further, universities and schools and colleges of pharmacy should foster a culture that values all faculty regardless of rank or position. The purpose of this commentary is to describe ongoing efforts and lessons learned by one public university with a college of pharmacy that has non-tenure-track and tenure-track faculty. Our hope is to provide insight into how these experiences could be used as a basis to inform changes in policy by other universities with a school or college of pharmacy, as well as to inform possible changes to the Academy's policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Erstad
- University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Andrea Romero
- University of Arizona, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Robert Miller
- University of Arizona, School of Architecture, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Carl Liaupsin
- University of Arizona, College of Education, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Paul Wagner
- University of Arizona, College of Applied Science and Technology, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Edella Schlager
- University of Arizona, School of Government and Public Policy, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Gayle A Brazeau
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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16
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Blough ER, Brazeau GA. Confronting the "Brutal Facts" and Identifying Opportunities as Pharmacy Education Weathers the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Pharm Educ 2021; 85:8422. [PMID: 34283743 PMCID: PMC7926279 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted almost every facet of modern life, causing almost a million deaths worldwide as well as widespread economic and social strife. While contemplating how we might emerge from this pandemic, we were reminded of the Stockdale paradox. We suggest that the Academy must not only confront the brutal facts of the current situation, but we must also maintain faith in the endgame and a commitment to prevail despite the enormous challenges we face. The Academy can play a key role in helping the world recover from this pandemic if we build on the diversity and strengths of our programs nationally and globally. We suggest that there are three key actions that pharmacists and pharmacy educators must take to show leadership in this time of need. First, we must be the voice that reassures the public about the value of science and the scientific method. Second, we must work locally and nationally to ensure an optimal public health response. Finally, members of the Academy must serve as role models with respect to the essential public health tools to prevent the spread of COVID-19. By remaining positive, keeping the endgame in mind, and confronting the most brutal facts of the COVID-19 pandemic, we are confident that pharmacy education and pharmacy will weather this storm and arise even stronger for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Blough
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia
| | - Gayle A Brazeau
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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17
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Brazeau GA. Report of the Journal Editor. Am J Pharm Educ 2020; 84:8469. [PMID: 34283762 PMCID: PMC7712726 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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18
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Abstract
The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the way we live, work, and study. As faculty members, staff members, and students attempt to create and maintain a new normal because of this pandemic, the preservation of wellbeing becomes the responsibility of each and every one of us. The pandemic has taught us not to presume the importance of wellbeing and has allowed us time to reflect on establishing new assumptions and beliefs about how and when we work and study; how to be more efficient in our work and home responsibilities; and above all, what is most important. We must support ourselves and our students by maintaining a routine, modifying work and coursework expectations, and seeking psychosocial support if needed. Focusing on promoting wellbeing through leadership will move our institutions forward to a brighter future beyond COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A. Brazeau
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
| | - Jeanne E. Frenzel
- North Dakota State University, School of Pharmacy, Fargo, North Dakota
- Editorial Board Member, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
| | - William A. Prescott
- Editorial Board Member, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
- University at Buffalo, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Buffalo, New York
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19
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Brazeau GA. Lessons Learned and Brighter Opportunities for Pharmacy Education Amid COVID-19. Am J Pharm Educ 2020; 84:ajpe8230. [PMID: 32665734 PMCID: PMC7334341 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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Brazeau GA. Report of the Journal Editor. Am J Pharm Educ 2019; 83:7674. [PMID: 31333275 PMCID: PMC6630848 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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Brazeau GA. Writing from the Head and the Heart. Am J Pharm Educ 2019; 83:7657. [PMID: 31333274 PMCID: PMC6630855 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- Marshall University, School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A. Brazeau
- Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, West Virginia
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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Brazeau GA. Report of the Journal Editor. Am J Pharm Educ 2018; 82:7126. [PMID: 29867251 PMCID: PMC5972860 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Arlington, Virginia
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Brazeau GA. Mentors and Lessons Learned. Am J Pharm Educ 2017; 81:6695. [PMID: 29109570 PMCID: PMC5663661 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8176695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- University of New England, College of Pharmacy, Portland, Maine
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Alexandria, Virginia
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Brazeau GA. Report of the Journal Editor. Am J Pharm Educ 2017; 81:S3. [PMID: 28630522 PMCID: PMC5468719 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe814s3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Alexandria, Virginia; University of New England, College of Pharmacy, Portland, Maine
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Brazeau GA. New Opportunities for AJPE Authors. Am J Pharm Educ 2016; 80:128. [PMID: 27899824 PMCID: PMC5116780 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe808128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Alexandria, Virginia; University of New England College of Pharmacy, Portland, Maine
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Brazeau GA. Report of the Journal Editor. Am J Pharm Educ 2016; 80:S1. [PMID: 27293240 PMCID: PMC4891871 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe804s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Marsh WA, Brazeau GA. Rethinking Our Human Resources. Am J Pharm Educ 2016; 80:17. [PMID: 27073270 PMCID: PMC4827568 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe80217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wallace A Marsh
- University of New England College of Pharmacy, Portland, Maine
| | - Gayle A Brazeau
- University of New England College of Pharmacy, Portland, Maine; Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
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Brazeau GA. AJPE Welcomes Fjortoft and Schlesselman as Associate Editors. Am J Pharm Educ 2015; 79:77. [PMID: 26430264 PMCID: PMC4584369 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe79677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Brazeau GA. Report of the Journal Editor. Am J Pharm Educ 2015; 79:S2. [PMID: 26089570 PMCID: PMC4469027 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe794s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Brazeau GA, Thomason A. Enhancing discourse in AJPE. Am J Pharm Educ 2015; 79:31. [PMID: 25995506 PMCID: PMC4428416 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe79331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Thomason
- American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Editorial Manager
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DiPiro JT, Maine LL, Brazeau GA. Enhancing AJPE and pharmacy education--thank you Dr. Jack Fincham. Am J Pharm Educ 2014; 78:174. [PMID: 25657361 PMCID: PMC4315196 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7810174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T DiPiro
- American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Editor Emeritus
| | - Lucinda L Maine
- American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Executive Vice President and CEO
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Brazeau GA. Thank you, editor DiPiro, for your enthusiasm and dedication to AJPE. Am J Pharm Educ 2014; 78:89. [PMID: 24954929 PMCID: PMC4064489 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe78589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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Maclean LG, Brazeau GA, Chesnut RJ, Erstad BL, Gant KO, Pitman EP, Johnson JK, Musselman T, Bradley-Baker LR. Report of the 2012-2013 professional affairs committee: tables of influence-is pharmacy hungry enough? Am J Pharm Educ 2013; 77:S21. [PMID: 24371360 PMCID: PMC3872959 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7710s21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gayle A Brazeau
- University of New England College of Pharmacy, Portland, Maine
| | - Renae J Chesnut
- Drake University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Brian L Erstad
- The University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kisha O Gant
- Xavier University of Louisiana College of Pharmacy, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Julie K Johnson
- University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Annemans L, Aquilante CL, Avard D, Boersma C, Bostrom JA, Brazeau DA, Brazeau GA, Brockmöller J, Buckingham L, Cavallari LH, Duarte JD, Feng S, Fukui N, Huang SM, Huei-xin L, Joly Y, Deoon Lee EJ, Kirby E, Klein TE, Knoppers BM, Lam YF, Lam YF, Li X, Li Y, Li M, Liu X, Lu Y, Mejia Mohamed EH, Momary K, Mu W, Özdemir V, Platero JS, Poh J, Postma MJ, Schaffer ME, Sodhi M, Someya T, Stingl (formerly Kirchheiner) J, Sugai T, Suzuki Y, Toh D, Vandijck D, Vegter S, Watanabe J, Watanabe Y, Wu R, Yin O, Zeng X, Zhang W. List of Contributors. Pharmacogenomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391918-2.01002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Brazeau DA, Brazeau GA. Integrating Genomics into Pharmacy Education and Practice. Pharmacogenomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-391918-2.00013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- University of New England, College of Pharmacy, Portland, ME 04103, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- University of New England, College of Pharmacy, Portland, Maine, USA
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Redwanski JL, Brazeau GA. Much more than just an interview. Am J Pharm Educ 2012; 76:18. [PMID: 22438590 PMCID: PMC3305927 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe76218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Kerr CW, Drake J, Milch RA, Brazeau DA, Skretny JA, Brazeau GA, Donnelly JP. Effects of methylphenidate on fatigue and depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2012; 43:68-77. [PMID: 22208450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fatigue is highly prevalent in populations with advanced illness and is often associated with depressed mood. The role of psychostimulant therapy in the treatment of these conditions remains ill defined. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the response of fatigue and depression in patients with advanced illness to titrated doses of methylphenidate (MP) as compared with placebo. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 30 hospice patients, both inpatients and outpatients, who had fatigue scores of at least four on a scale of zero to 10 (0=no fatigue and 10=worst fatigue), were randomly assigned to receive either 5mg of MP at 8 am and 1 pm or placebo. Doses of MP were titrated every three days according to response and adverse effects. Home care patients were monitored daily by telephone and visited by a research nurse on Study Days 0 (baseline), 3, 7, and 14. Fatigue was assessed using the Piper Fatigue Scale as the primary outcome measure and validated by the Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) fatigue score. Subjects in inpatient facilities were interviewed or assessed by staff on an identical schedule. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and the ESAS depression score. Primary statistical analysis was conducted using repeated-measures multivariate analysis of the variance. RESULTS Both MP- and placebo-treated groups had similar measures of fatigue at baseline. Patients taking MP were found to have significantly lower fatigue scores (Piper Fatigue Scale, Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue, and ESAS) at Day 14 compared with baseline. The improvement in fatigue with MP treatment was dose-dependent; the mean average effective dose was 10mg on Day 3 and 20mg on Day 14 (dose range of 10-40 mg). Placebo-treated individuals showed no significant improvement in fatigue. For patients with clinically significant depression on Day 0, treatment with MP was associated with a significant reduction in all test indices for depressed mood. For the placebo group, the changes in measures of depression were less than observed in the treatment group but were inconsistent between assessment tools. No significant toxicities were observed. CONCLUSION MP reduced symptoms of fatigue and depression when compared with placebo. The effect of MP on fatigue was dose-dependent and sustained over the duration of the study.
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McCall K, Brazeau GA. Lessons learned from experiences in academic leadership. Am J Pharm Educ 2011; 75:148. [PMID: 22102738 PMCID: PMC3220329 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe758148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gayle A. Brazeau
- University of New England, College of Pharmacy
- Associate Editor, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
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Krebs JR, Brazeau GA. No complaining…. Am J Pharm Educ 2011; 75:67. [PMID: 21769143 PMCID: PMC3138359 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe75467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James R Krebs
- College of Pharmacy, University of New England, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa S Medina
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 73190, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, USA
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Brazeau GA, Meyer SM, Belsey M, Bednarczyk EM, Bilic S, Bullock J, DeLander GE, Fiese EF, Giroux SL, McNatty D, Nemire R, Prescott WA, Traynor AP. Preparing pharmacy graduates for traditional and emerging career opportunities. Am J Pharm Educ 2009; 73:157. [PMID: 20221350 PMCID: PMC2828318 DOI: 10.5688/aj7308157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Educational programs in pharmacy must focus on educating pharmacists of the future who are prepared to serve as competent and confident health care "providers" whose "practice" can occur in any number of current and future settings; and whose expertise is essential to an interprofessional health care team. Graduates must be able to incorporate a scholarly approach to their practice in identifying patient care problems; practicing in an evidence-based manner; and ensuring safe, effective, and appropriate use of medications. It is time for colleges and schools of pharmacy to implement contemporary teaching and assessment strategies that facilitate effective and efficient student learning that is focused at the graduate professional level, to evolve the content around which the curriculum is organized, and clearly articulate the abilities graduates must have to function effectively in the myriad professional roles in which they may find themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Brazeau
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, NY, USA.
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