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Feng XG, Lin GY, Tang YS, Wu PF. Cytomegalovirus-associated acute respiratory failure in lupus patients: case reports in relation to cytomegalovirus biology. Lupus 2019; 28:1354-1359. [PMID: 31551032 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319876990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
With the wide use of immunosuppressive agents, life-threatening cytomegalovirus-associated acute respiratory failure occurs frequently. However, this condition is yet to be fully recognized and the therapeutic approach to it can only be based on comprehensive protocols rather than the biological characteristics of cytomegalovirus. We describe three acute respiratory failure events that were related to the pathogenicity of cytomegalovirus, the primary cytopathic effect and secondary antiviral immunity-mediated damage. All cytomegalovirus infection occurred after immunosuppressive usage while the acute respiratory failure events took place in different clinical settings. The first acute respiratory failure event originated from the immunoinflammatory response after cytomegalovirus infection was circumscribed, while the second resulted from cytomegalovirus reactivation and the third was caused by the combined effect of acute cytomegalovirus infection and the subsequent immunoinflammatory response. According to the clinical setting, corresponding therapeutic approaches (sequential or combined strategy) were carried out. All the patients here presented were responsive to the above therapeutic strategies. Consequently, cytomegalovirus-associated acute respiratory failure in systemic lupus erythematosus patients should be carefully differentiated and a sequential or combined strategy should be carried out according to the clinical setting. Overall, we find that there are three patterns of cytomegalovirus-associated acute respiratory failure in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and propose a novel therapeutic strategy in relation to cytomegalovirus biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- X G Feng
- Department of Rheumatology, 900th Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - G Y Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, 900th Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y S Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, 900th Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - P F Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, 900th Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Xie BS, Ye L, Li GP, Lin GY, He YH, Zheng GY, Lai GX. [Effects of different time of cryoablation on the proliferation of airway traumatic granuloma and its mechanism in rabbits]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 98:3587-3591. [PMID: 30486575 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.44.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of different cryoablation time on tracheal traumatic granulation formation and its mechanism. Methods: A total of 32 rabbits were randomly assigned into four groups (A-D). Group A underwent tracheotomy alone. Group B, C and D received intra-tracheal brush rubbing to establish airway granulation model. Group C and D underwent 30 s and 2-minute cryoablation respectively. Tracheal specimens of all groups were collected to examine pathological changes using HE staining. Levels of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β(1)) and CD34 in tracheal granulation were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qCR). Results: Tracheal lumens of group A were smooth without granulation. While the growth of granulation and luminal stenosis were most severe in Group B, followed by Group D and C. Submucosa thickness of Group B was largest as compared with other groups (0.20±0.07, 0.77±0.28, 0.44±0.13 and 0.55±0.18 mm for Group A to D, respectively. P<0.05). And the submucosa layer of Group C was thinner than Group D (P<0.05). The expression and transcription levels of TGF-β(1) of trachea were highest in Group B as detected by IHC and RT-qPCR (P<0.05), followed by Group D and C (IHC: 0.48±0.01 vs 0.43±0.01, P<0.05; RT-qPCR: 12.61±2.14 vs 2.38±0.10, P<0.05). Both protein and mRNA levels of CD34 were highest in Group B as detected by IHC and RT-qPCR (P<0.05). Tracheal mRNA levels of CD34 were more abundant in Group D than Group C (4.92±0.90 vs 2.09±0.10, P<0.05), while no significant difference was found between groups regarding protein levels measured by IHC. Conclusions: Cryoablation could alleviate the hyperplasia of tracheal traumatic granulation, possibly due to the inhibition of TGF-β(1) and CD34 expression. The effect of 30 s cryoablation for tracheal traumatic granulation is better.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Hu QA, Zhang Y, Guo YH, Lv S, Xia S, Liu HX, Fang Y, Liu Q, Zhu D, Zhang QM, Yang CL, Lin GY. Small-scale spatial analysis of intermediate and definitive hosts of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:100. [PMID: 30318019 PMCID: PMC6192004 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiostrongyliasis is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis. Human infection is caused by infection with the third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. The life cycle of A. cantonensis involves rodents as definitive hosts and molluscs as intermediate hosts. This study aims to investigate on the infection status and characteristics of spatial distribution of these hosts, which are key components in the strategy for the prevention and control of angiostrongyliasis. METHODS Three villages from Nanao Island, Guangdong Province, China, were chosen as study area by stratified random sampling. The density and natural infection of Pomacea canaliculata and various rat species were surveyed every three months from December 2015 to September 2016, with spatial correlations of the positive P. canaliculata and the infection rates analysed by ArcGIS, scan statistics, ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. RESULTS A total of 2192 P. canaliculata specimens were collected from the field, of which 1190 were randomly chosen to be examined for third-stage larvae of A. cantonensis. Seventy-two Angiostrongylus-infected snails were found, which represents a larval infection rate of 6.1% (72/1190). In total, 110 rats including 85 Rattus norvegicus, 10 R. flavipectus, one R. losea and 14 Suncus murinus were captured, and 32 individuals were positive (for adult worms), representing an infection rate of 29.1% of the definitive hosts (32/110). Worms were only found in R. norvegicus and R. flavipectus, representing a prevalence of 36.5% (31/85) and 10% (1/10), respectively in these species, but none in R. losea and S. murinus, despite testing as many as 32 of the latter species. Statistically, spatial correlation and spatial clusters in the spatial distribution of positive P. canaliculata and positive rats existed. Most of the spatial variability of the host infection rates came from spatial autocorrelation. Nine spatial clusters with respect to positive P. canaliculata were identified, but only two correlated to infection rates. The results show that corrected Akaike information criterion, R2, R2 adjusted and σ2 in the GWR model were superior to those in the OLS model. CONCLUSIONS P. canaliculata and rats were widely distributed in Nanao Island and positive infection has also been found in the hosts, demonstrating that there was a risk of angiostrongyliasis in this region of China. The distribution of positive P. canaliculata and rats exhibited spatial correlation, and the GWR model had advantage over the OLS model in the spatial analysis of hosts of A. cantonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-An Hu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yun-Hai Guo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - He-Xiang Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qin Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qi-Ming Zhang
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Chun-Li Yang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Guang-Yi Lin
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Fang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou ZB, Shi WQ, Xia S, Li YY, Wu JT, Liu Q, Lin GY. Co-circulation of Aedes flavivirus, Culex flavivirus, and Quang Binh virus in Shanghai, China. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:75. [PMID: 30021614 PMCID: PMC6052644 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0457-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With increases in global travel and trade, the spread of arboviruses is undoubtedly alarming. Pathogen detection in field-caught mosquitoes can provide the earliest possible warning of transmission. Insect-specific flavivirus (ISFV) has been first detected in 1991 and documented worldwide in the latest ten years. Although infection with ISFVs is apparently limited to insects, an increase in the infection rate of mosquito-borne flaviviruses may be able to induce cytopathic effects in vertebrate cells during co-infection with other human pathogens. However, little is known whether ISFVs persist in most regions of China. Methods During the mosquito activity season in 2016, a surveillance program was carried out to detect ISFVs in mosquitoes in metropolitan Shanghai, China. The presence of ISFVs was randomly tested in different species of mosquitoes using RT-PCR-based and hemi-nested PCR assays, following by the sequencing of PCR products. Sequences from positive pooled samples were compared with those deposited in GenBank. Thereafter, sequences of representative insect flaviviruses were used for further phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analyses. Results Our investigations showed: (1) the presence of Aedes flavivirus (AEFV) in 11/161 pooled samples (nine pools in Songjiang District, one pool in Huangpu District, and one pool in Qingpu District) of Aedes albopictus, (2) the presence of Quang Binh virus (QBV) in 10/195 pooled samples (all in Chongming District) of Culex tritaeniorhynchus; and (3) the presence of Culex flavivirus (CxFV) in 9/228 pooled samples (six pools in Pudong New Area, two pools in Huangpu District, and one pool in Chongming District) of Cx. pipiens. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of the gene sequences of envelope proteins indicated that Shanghai CxFV strains belonged to the Asia/USA genotype. The overall maximum likelihood estimation values (and 95% confidence interval) for CxFV, QBV, and AEFV in mosquitoes collected in Shanghai in 2016 were 1.34 (0.66–2.45), 1.65 (0.87–2.85), and 1.51 (0.77–2.70) per 1000, respectively. Conclusions This study reveals the presence and the geographical distribution of ISFVs, and determines the genetic variation and the infection rate of ISFVs in Shanghai, China. At least, three insect flaviviruses including ISFVs, AEFV, CxFV, and QBV, co-circulate in this area. To our knowledge, this is the first report of AEFV in China. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0457-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng-Bin Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qi Shi
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Tong Wu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Liu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, 207 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Yi Lin
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
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He CH, Liu CY, Lin GY, Peng Q, Liao JY, Lin JH, Zhang T, Zheng XF, Lin CX, Wang SJ, Chen RS, Deng L, Chen YM. [Efficacy and safety of oseltamivir in children with suspected influenza: a multicenter randomized open-label trial]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2017; 55:462-467. [PMID: 28592016 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oseltamivir in the treatment of suspected influenza in children. Method: A multicenter, randomized and open-label trial was conducted among 229 individuals with suspected influenza which were collected from the clinic of 5 hospitals in Guangdong province (Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Shenzhen Baoan District Maternity and Child Care Service Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Dongguan Maternity and Child Care Service Centre, Yuexiu District Children's Hospital of Guangzhou) from April to July 2015. They were randomized either to oseltamivir group (oseltamivir 30-75 mg, twice daily for 5 days) or control group who were given symptom relief medicines for 5 days. Result: No significant difference was found between two groups in influenza symptoms of the patients before the treatment(P>0.05). Altogether 229 individuals (114 in oseltamivir group, 115 in control group) were analyzed for efficacy, in which 73 individuals (42 oseltamivir, 31 control), 31.9%, were identified as influenza-infected through laboratory test. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the duration of fever although shortened. In the 229 individuals , the cumulative alleviation proportion between oseltamivir and control group was not significantly different (P>0.05): the median duration of illness was 69.9 hours (95% CI 65.3-91.5) in oseltamivir group and 75.4 hours (95%CI 63.9-91. 7) in control group; the median duration of fever was 40.4 hours (95%CI 31.5-53.4) in oseltamivir group and 44.0 hours (95%CI 33.2-50.0) in control group. In the 73 individuals, the cumulative alleviation proportion between oseltamivir and control group was significantly different (P<0.05). The median duration of illness was 61.2 hours (95%CI 48.0-121. 0) in oseltamivir group, being significantly shorter than that of 116.0 hours (95%CI 91.5-175.0) in control group. But it was not significantly different that the median duration of fever was 32.8 hours (95%CI 24.0-47.0 ) in oseltamivir group and 55.8 hours (95%CI 43.6-78.3 ) in control group (P>0.05). And the median duration of fever in 60 individuals (38 oseltamivir, 22 control) was significantly different between two groups(P<0.05), who had finished a course of taking oseltamivir in the 73 individuals, 34.8 hours (95%CI 24.0-48.5 ) in oseltamivir group being significantly shorter than that of 53.3 hours (95%CI 43.6-104.0 ) in control group. There was certain difference in side effects rate between the two groups (oseltamivir 10%, control 2%, P<0.05). The main side-effects were gastrointestinal symptoms (stomachache, diarrhea, poor appetite, vomiting). Conclusion: The duration of illness and fever in suspected influenza patients treated with oseltamivir was shorter than those in the patients treated with no oseltamivir, the difference was not statistically significant, when 31.9% was confirmed with positive result of virus test in suspected influenza in children. But in these patients with positive result of virus test, the duration of illness was significantly shortened with treatment with oseltamivir as compared with no treatment with oseltamivir, and it would be better if full oseltamivir course was completed for reducing the duration of fever. Oseltamivir treatment was safe with mild side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H He
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510120, China; He Chunhui contributed equally to this article
| | - C Y Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Baoan District Maternity and Child Care Service Centre, Shenzhen 518133, China; Liu Chunyi contributed equally to this article
| | - G Y Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; Lin Guangyu contributed equally to this article
| | - Q Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguan Maternity and Child Care Service Centre, Dongguan 523700, China; Peng Qian contributed equally to this article
| | - J Y Liao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Yuexiu District Children's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510115, China; Liao Jiayi contributed equally to this article
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Yek JLJ, Lee AKY, Tan JAD, Lin GY, Thamotharampillai T, Abdullah HR. Defining reasonable patient standard and preference for shared decision making among patients undergoing anaesthesia in Singapore. BMC Med Ethics 2017; 18:6. [PMID: 28148256 PMCID: PMC5288849 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-017-0172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cross-sectional study to ascertain what the Singapore population would regard as material risk in the anaesthesia consent-taking process and identify demographic factors that predict patient preferences in medical decision-making to tailor a more patient-centered informed consent. METHODS A survey was performed involving patients 21 years old and above who attended the pre-operative evaluation clinic over a 1-month period in Singapore General Hospital. Questionnaires were administered to assess patients' perception of material risks, by trained interviewers. Patients' demographics were obtained. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance was used. Statistical significance was taken at p < 0.05. RESULTS Four hundred fourteen patients were eligible of which 26 refused to participate and 24 were excluded due to language barrier. 364 patients were recruited. A higher level of education (p < 0.007), being employed (p < 0.046) and younger age group (p < 0.003) are factors identified in patients who wanted greater participation in medical decisions. Gender, marital status, type of surgery, and previous surgical history did not affect their level of participation. The complications most patients knew about were Nausea (64.8%), Drowsiness (62.4%) and Surgical Wound Pain (58.8%). Patients ranked Heart Attack (59.3%), Death (53.8%) and Stroke (52.7%) as the most significant risks that they wanted to be informed about in greater detail. Most patients wanted to make a joint decision with the anaesthetist (52.2%), instead of letting the doctor decide (37.1%) or deciding for themselves (10.7%). Discussion with the anaesthetist (61.3%) is the preferred medium of communication compared to reading a pamphlet (23.4%) or watching a video (15.4%). CONCLUSION Age and educational level can influence medical decision-making. Despite the digital age, most patients still prefer a clinic consult instead of audio-visual multimedia for pre-operative anaesthetic counselling. The local population appears to place greater importance on rare but serious complications compared to common complications. This illustrates the need to contextualize information provided during informed consent to strengthen the doctor-patient relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L J Yek
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - A K Y Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - J A D Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - G Y Lin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - T Thamotharampillai
- Department of Dermatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.,Centre for Medical Ethics and Professionalism, Singapore Medical Association, Singapore, 169850, Singapore
| | - H R Abdullah
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, 169608, Singapore. .,Centre for Medical Ethics and Professionalism, Singapore Medical Association, Singapore, 169850, Singapore.
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Xu RA, Xu ZS, Lin GY, Hu LF, Wang XQ, Ma JS. Effect of Repeated Wuniu Early Tea Administration on the CYP450 Activity Using a Cocktail Method. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 75:94-8. [PMID: 23901167 PMCID: PMC3719156 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.113536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wuniu early tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important beverage consumed in China. Up to date, a lot of methods for identifying and chemical analysing have been done. However, there is no report on the effects of Wuniu early tea on cytochrome P450 isozymes. Therefore, the present objective of our study was to evaluate the potential effects of Wuniu early tea on cytochrome P450 isozymes P2C9, P1A2, P2C19 and P2B6 in rats with a cocktail approach including, matching probe drugs of tolbutamide, phenacetin, omeprazole and bupropion. These four probe drugs were simultaneously administered to rats after repeated Wuniu early tea administration. The pharmacokinetics of the probes in the plasma was simultaneous determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The t1/2 and AUC(0-∞) of tolbutamide increased significantly and CLz decreased remarkably in test rats after repeated Wuniu early tea administration. However, the main pharmacokinetic parameters of the other three probe drugs were not significantly different between control and test rats. The findings in this study suggested that Wuniu early tea could inhibit cytochrome P2C9 while did not influence on cytochrome P1A2, cytochrome P2C19 and cytochrome P2B6.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325 035, China
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Feng XG, Xu XJ, Ye S, Lin YY, Chen P, Zhang XJ, Lin GY, Lin XQ. Recent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection is highly associated with active ankylosing spondylitis in a Chinese cohort. Scand J Rheumatol 2011; 40:289-91. [PMID: 21469941 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2011.560891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) antibodies in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) to determine whether there is an association with AS disease activity. METHODS Seventy-nine AS outpatients and 73 normal controls were enrolled in this case-control study. Serum anti-Cp immunoglobulins (CpIg) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) were also measured. Clinical and experimental data were collected, and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) was determined. Patients with positive Cp IgM or Cp IgA were considered to have had a recent Cp infection. RESULTS Cp IgG was detected in the majority of AS patients and also controls (88.8% vs. 91.8%, respectively). The seroprevalence of Cp IgA and Cp IgM was significantly higher in AS patients than in the controls (51.9% vs. 31.5%, p = 0.010 for Cp IgA; 79.7% vs. 20.5%, p < 0.0001 for Cp IgM). Seropositivity of Cp IgM was associated with elevation of the disease activity index, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR; p = 0.021), C-reactive protein (CRP; p = 0.007) and the BASDAI (p = 0.009). Persistent positive Cp IgM was associated with active disease, while seroreversion of Cp IgM was associated with a reduction in these disease activity indices. There was no correlation between Cp IgM or Cp IgA and symptomatic upper respiratory infections or other clinical manifestations. CONCLUSIONS Recent Cp infections occur frequently in AS patients and Cp IgM antibody is correlated with active disease. These findings indicate that Cp infections may be a triggering factor for active AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- X G Feng
- Department of Rheumatology, Dongfang Hospital, Fuzhou, P R China.
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Domingos A, Lopes I, Waerenborgh JC, Marques N, Lin GY, Zhang XW, Takats J, McDonald R, Hillier AC, Sella A, Elsegood MRJ, Day VW. Trapping of anionic organic radicals by (TpMe2)2Ln (Ln = Sm, Eu). Inorg Chem 2007; 46:9415-24. [PMID: 17914813 DOI: 10.1021/ic701364k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stoichiometric reaction of [ Sm(Tp(Me2))2 ], 1, with a variety of reducible ketone- and quinone-type substrates gave thermally stable, isolable radical anions/ketyls in moderate to good yields. Thus reaction with benzophenone gave [Sm(Tp(Me2))2(OCPh2)], 2, with fluorenone [Sm(Tp(Me2))2(eta1-OC13H8)], 3, and di-tert-butylparaquinone [Sm(Tp(Me2))2(eta1-OC6H2(tBu)2O)], 4, each of which was structurally characterized. In the case of the less-hindered benzoquinone, an unimetallic semiquinone [Sm(Tp(Me2))2(OC6H4O)], 5, could be isolated, although it was unstable with respect to formation of the dimetallic complex [Sm(Tp(Me2))2]2(mu-OC6H4O), 6. Compound 6 was structurally characterized, as was its anthraquinone analogue [Sm(Tp(Me2))2]2(mu-OC14H8O), 7. When the analogous reaction was carried out between the less-reducing [Eu(Tp(Me2))2] and benzoquinone, only the europium analogue of the semiquinone 5, [Eu(Tp(Me2))2(OC6H4O)], 8, could be isolated. The use of the sterically hindered 3,5-di-tert-butyl-o-benzoquinone allowed isolation of [Sm(Tp(Me2))2(DTBSQ)], 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Domingos
- Departamento de Química, ITN, Estrada Nacional 10, Sacavém, Portugal
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10
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Abstract
Prostate cancer has a distinctly recognized pattern of metastases: multifocal and osteoblastic lesions involving the axial skeleton and non-calcified lymph nodes in the pelvic and lumbar aortic groups. Most adenocarcinomas are capable of producing macrocalcification. We report a case of prostate cancer with de novo calcified metastases to the liver and retroperitoneal lymph nodes mimicking the pattern usually seen in mucin-producing adenocarcinomas arising from the gastrointestinal tract. To our knowledge, this is the first such case to be reported in the literature. We propose a multifactorial mechanism that supports dystrophic calcification in this case. The knowledge of atypical presentation of metastatic disease can prevent diagnostic delay and prompt initiation of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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11
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Zhang WJ, Yan J, Xu JJ, Wu J, Li YB, Jia ZJ, Zhou XP, Lin GY, Hou YP. Polymorphism data at AY639919 and AY639922 loci in Chinese population. J Forensic Sci 2005; 50:234. [PMID: 15831029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W J Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, PR China
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12
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Chen SJ, Chien FC, Lin GY, Lee KC. Enhancement of the resolution of surface plasmon resonance biosensors by control of the size and distribution of nanoparticles. Opt Lett 2004; 29:1390-1392. [PMID: 15233445 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new resolution-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor offers a tenfold improvement in resolution compared with conventional SPR biosensors in the detection of the surface coverage of biomaterials. The proposed optical biosensor, based on the attenuated total-reflection method, excites both the surface plasmons and particle plasmons to enhance the local electromagnetic field by control of the size and volume fraction of embedded Au nanoparticles to increase the resolution of the device. The SPR biosensor design is based on the Maxwell-Garnett model and the Fresnel equations, and the device is fabricated with a cosputtering deposition system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Chen
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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13
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Lin JJ, Lin GY, Shih C, Shen WC. Presentation of striatal hyperintensity on T1-weighted MRI in patients with hemiballism-hemichorea caused by non-ketotic hyperglycemia: report of seven new cases and a review of literature. J Neurol 2001; 248:750-5. [PMID: 11596778 DOI: 10.1007/s004150170089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown unique clinicoradiologic characteristics in patients with hemiballism-hemichorea (HB-HC) caused by non-ketotic hyperglycemia; however, there is still a limited number of patients being reported. We report 7 patients (3 males and 4 females) with this type of dyskinesia, whose ages ranged from 60 to 84 years. Brain CT of these patients showed hyperdensity in the contralateral striatum, corresponding with MRI studies that showed an increased signal intensity on T1-weighted images and a decreased signal on T2-weighted images. After metabolic control had been achieved, the hyperkinetic state of these patients abruptly ceased. Follow-up neuroimaging studies in 2 patients documentied complete resolution of the striatal hyperintensity on brain CT and MRI after 3 months and 6 months, respectively. A review of patients with HB-HC caused by non-ketotic hyperglycemia reported formerly and in the present study shows that the dyskinesia tends to occur in aged diabetic patients. The age of patients with dyskinesia secondary to cerebral infarction is generelly much lower. We also found that 86% (30 out of 35 cases) patients reported with HB-HC caused by non-ketotic hyperglycemia were Asians. The prognosis of the dyskinesia was excellent, and the radiological abnormalities are completely reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chushang Show-Chwan Hospital, Chushang Jenn, Nantou, Taiwan.
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14
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Liaw WF, Hsieh CK, Lin GY, Lee GH. Syntheses, reactivity, and pi-donating ligand metathesis reaction of five-coordinate sixteen-electron manganese(I) complexes: crystal structures of [Mn(CO(3)(-TeC(6)H(4)-o-NH-)](-), [(Mn(CO)(3))2(mu-SC(6)H(4)-o-S--S--C(6)H(4)-o-mu-S--)], [(CO)(3)Mn(mu-SC(6)H(4)-o-NH(2)-)]2, and [(CO)(3)Mn(mu-SC(8)N(2)H(4)-o-S-)](2)(2-). Inorg Chem 2001; 40:3468-75. [PMID: 11421694 DOI: 10.1021/ic000795a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of the varieties of five-coordinate sixteen-electron manganese(I) complexes [Mn(CO)(3)(-EC(6)H(4)-o-E'-)](-) (E = Te, Se, S, O; E' = NH, S, O) by (a) oxidative addition of 2-aminophenyl dichalcogenides to anionic manganese(0)-carbonyl, (b) pi-donating ligand metathesis reaction of complex [Mn(CO)(3)(-TeC(6)H(4)-o-NH-)](-), and (c) reduction /deprotonation of the neutral dimetallic [(Mn(CO)(3))(2)(mu-SC(6)H(4)-o-S-S-C(6)H(4)-o-mu-S-)]/[(CO)(3)Mn(mu-SC(6)H(4)-o-NH(2)-)](2) proved successful approaches in this direction. The IR nu(CO) data of the coordinatively and electronically unsaturated [Mn(CO)(3)(-EC(6)H(4)-o-E'-)](-) (E = Te, Se, S, O; E' = NH, S, O) complexes suggest the relative order of pi-donating ability of the series of bidentate ligands being [TeC(6)H(4)-o-NH](2)(-) > [SeC(6)H(4)-o-NH](2)(-) > [SC(6)H(4)-o-NH](2)(-) > [SC(6)H(4)-o-S](2)(-) > [SC(6)H(4)-o-O](2)(-) > [OC(6)H(4)-o-O](2)(-). Proton NMR spectra of the [Mn(CO)(3)(-EC(6)H(4)-o-NH-)](-) (E = Te, Se, S) derivatives show the low-field shift of the amide proton ((1)H NMR (C(4)D(8)O): delta 9.66 (br) ppm (E = Te), 9.32 (br) ppm (E = Se), 8.98 (br) ppm (E = S)). The formation of the dimetallic [(CO)(3)Mn(mu-SC(8)N(2)H(4)-o-S-)](2)(2-) can be interpreted as coordinative association of two units of unstable mononuclear [(CO)(3)Mn(-SC(8)N(2)H(4)-o-S-)](-) and reflects the pi-donating ability of the bidentate ligand is responsible for the formation of pentacoordinate, sixteen-electron manganese(I) carbonyl complexes. The neutral bimetallic manganese(I)-bismercaptophenyl disulfide complex [(Mn(CO)(3))(2)(mu-SC(6)H(4)-o-S-S-C(6)H(4)-o-mu-S-)] with internal S-S bond length of 2.222(1) A and the five-coordinate sixteen-electron complex [Mn(CO)(3)(-SC(6)H(4)-o-S-)](-) are chemically interconvertible. In a similar fashion, treatment of complex [Mn(CO)(3)(-SC(6)H(4)-o-NH-)](-) with HBF(4) yielded neutral dinuclear complex [(CO)(3)Mn(mu-SC(6)H(4)-o-NH(2)-)](2) and showed that the amine deprotonation is reversible. Investigations of pi-donating ligand metathesis reactions of complex [Mn(CO)(3)(-TeC(6)H(4)-o-NH-)](-) revealed that the stable intermediate, not the pi-donating ability of bidentate ligands, is responsible for the final protonation/oxidation product. This argument is demonstrated by reaction of [Mn(CO)(3)(-TeC(6)H(4)-o-NH-)](-) with 1,2-benzenedithiol, hydroxythiophenol, and catechol, respectively leading to the formation of [Mn(CO)(3)(-EC(6)H(4)-o-E'-)](-) (E = S, O; E' = S, O), although any pi-donor containing the amido group is a more effective donor than any other pi-donor lacking an amido group. Also, the reactions of [Mn(CO)(3)(-TeC(6)H(4)-o-NH-)](-) with electrophiles occurring at the more electron-rich amide site support that the more electron-rich amide donor of the chelating 2-tellurolatophenylamido occupies an equatorial site as indicated by a shorter Mn(I)-N bond length of the distorted trigonal bipyramidal [Mn(CO)(3)(-TeC(6)H(4)-o-NH-)](-).
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Liaw
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua 50058, Taiwan
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15
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Foolad MR, Zhang LP, Lin GY. Identification and validation of QTLs for salt tolerance during vegetative growth in tomato by selective genotyping. Genome 2001. [DOI: 10.1139/g01-030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for salt tolerance (ST) during vegetative growth (VG) in tomato by distributional extreme analysis and compare them with the QTLs previously identified for this trait. A BC1 population (N = 792) of a cross between a moderately salt-sensitive Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. breeding line (NC84173, maternal and recurrent parent) and a salt-tolerant L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill. accession (LA722) was evaluated for ST in solution cultures containing 700 mM NaCl + 70 mM CaCl2 (electrical conductivity, EC [Formula: see text] 64 dS/m and ψw [Formula: see text]35.2 bars). Thirty-seven BC1 plants (4.7% of the total) that exhibited the highest ST were selected (referred to as the selected population), grown to maturity in greenhouse pots and self-pollinated to produce BC1S1 progeny seeds. The 37 selected BC1S1 progeny families were evaluated for ST and their average performance was compared with that of the parental BC1 population before selection. A realized heritability of 0.50 was obtained for ST in this population. The 37 selected BC1 plants were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using 115 markers, and marker allele frequencies were determined. Allele frequencies for the same markers were also determined in an unselected BC1 population (N = 119) of the same cross. A trait-based marker analysis (TBA), which measures differences in marker allele frequencies between selected and unselected populations, was used to identify marker-linked QTLs. Five genomic regions were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, and 11 bearing significant QTLs for ST. Except for the QTL on chromosome 3, all QTLs had positive alleles contributed from the salt tolerant parent LA722. Of the five QTLs, three (those on chromosomes 1, 3, and 5) were previously identified for this trait in another study, and thus were validated here. Only one of the major QTLs that was identified in our previous study was not detected here. This high level of conformity between the results of the two studies indicates the genuine nature of the identified QTLs and their potential usefulness for ST breeding using marker-assisted selection (MAS). A few BC1S1 families were identified with most or all of the QTLs and with a ST comparable to that of LA722. These families should be useful for the development of salt tolerant tomato lines via MAS.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, L. pimpinellifolium, salt tolerance, vegetative growth, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), quantitative trait loci (QTLs), trait-based analysis.
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16
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Foolad MR, Zhang LP, Lin GY. Identification and validation of QTLs for salt tolerance during vegetative growth in tomato by selective genotyping. Genome 2001. [PMID: 11444704 DOI: 10.1139/gen-44-3-444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for salt tolerance (ST) during vegetative growth (VG) in tomato by distributional extreme analysis and compare them with the QTLs previously identified for this trait. A BC1 population (N = 792) of a cross between a moderately salt-sensitive Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. breeding line (NC84173, maternal and recurrent parent) and a salt-tolerant L. pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill. accession (LA722) was evaluated for ST in solution cultures containing 700 mM NaCl + 70 mM CaCl2 (electrical conductivity, EC = 64 dS/m and phiw approximately -35.2 bars). Thirty-seven BC1 plants (4.7% of the total) that exhibited the highest ST were selected (referred to as the selected population), grown to maturity in greenhouse pots and self-pollinated to produce BC1S1 progeny seeds. The 37 selected BC1S1 progeny families were evaluated for ST and their average performance was compared with that of the parental BC1 population before selection. A realized heritability of 0.50 was obtained for ST in this population. The 37 selected BC1 plants were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using 115 markers, and marker allele frequencies were determined. Allele frequencies for the same markers were also determined in an unselected BC1 population (N = 119) of the same cross. A trait-based marker analysis (TBA), which measures differences in marker allele frequencies between selected and unselected populations, was used to identify marker-linked QTLs. Five genomic regions were detected on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, and 11 bearing significant QTLs for ST. Except for the QTL on chromosome 3, all QTLs had positive alleles contributed from the salt tolerant parent LA722. Of the five QTLs, three (those on chromosomes 1, 3, and 5) were previously identified for this trait in another study, and thus were validated here. Only one of the major QTLs that was identified in our previous study was not detected here. This high level of conformity between the results of the two studies indicates the genuine nature of the identified QTLs and their potential usefulness for ST breeding using marker-assisted selection (MAS). A few BC1S1 families were identified with most or all of the QTLs and with a ST comparable to that of LA722. These families should be useful for the development of salt tolerant tomato lines via MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Foolad
- Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
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17
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He B, Lin GY, Durbin JE, Durbin RK, Lamb RA. The SH integral membrane protein of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 is required to block apoptosis in MDBK cells. J Virol 2001; 75:4068-79. [PMID: 11287556 PMCID: PMC114152 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.9.4068-4079.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In some cell types the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5) causes little cytopathic effect (CPE) and infection continues productively for long periods of time; e.g., SV5 can be produced from MDBK cells for up to 40 days with little CPE. SV5 differs from most paramyxoviruses in that it encodes a small (44-amino-acid) hydrophobic integral membrane protein (SH). When MDBK cells were infected with a recombinant SV5 containing a deletion of the SH gene (rSV5DeltaSH), the MDBK cells exhibited an increase in CPE compared to cells infected with wild-type SV5 (recovered from cDNA; rSV5). The increased CPE correlated with an increase in apoptosis in rSV5DeltaSH-infected cells over mock-infected and rSV5-infected cells when assayed for annexin V binding, DNA content (propidium iodide staining), and DNA fragmentation (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay). In rSV5DeltaSH-infected MDBK cells an increase in caspase-2 and caspase-3 activities was observed. By using peptide inhibitors of individual caspases it was found that caspase-2 and caspase-3 were activated separately in rSV5DeltaSH-infected cells. Expression of caspase-2 and -3 in rSV5DeltaSH-infected MDBK cells appeared not to require STAT1 protein, as STAT1 protein could not be detected in SV5-infected MDBK cells. When mutant mice homologous for a targeted disruption of STAT1 were used as a model animal system and infected with the viruses it was found that rSV5DeltaSH caused less mortality than wild-type rSV5, consistent with the notion of clearance of apoptotic cells in a host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B He
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500, USA
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18
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Lin JJ, Lin SZ, Lin GY, Chang DC, Lee CC. Treatment of intractable generalized dystonia by bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy--one-year results. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2001; 64:231-8. [PMID: 11458761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent study has revealed that bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP) significantly improve dystonic movements and improve motor function of those patients with generalized dystonia (GD). However, there is only a limited number of patients who have been reported so far. METHODS This study was conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy of surgical treatment with bilateral PVP on patients with intractable GD. All the studied patients were regularly rated with standardized scales (Burke-Fahn-Marsden Evaluation Scale for Dystonia) for dystonic movement and living disability before and after surgery. RESULTS There were 18 patients, 8 males and 10 females with an average age of 24.8 years, included in the study. Postoperatively, there were slow, partial, but steady improvements of the dystonic movement and daily living function. Maximal effects were noted at the sixth month and the clinical benefits were sustained one year after the surgical treatment when there were statistically significant improvements in 13% of total dystonia movement score and 9% of the total disability score (p < 0.05). Upon further analysis, improvements of dystonic movements were statistically significant in the regions of mouth (50%), speech/swallowing (19%) and neck (43%), and daily living functions in speech (14%) and eating/swallowing (29%). CONCLUSIONS Bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy was only partially effective for the treatment of GD, and it produced clinical improvement in the dystonic movement limited to the craniocervical region. We therefore suggest that patients with GD should be carefully selected for the treatment of bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy, despite the surgery having a partially beneficial effect on this kind of movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chushang Show-Chwan Hospital, 75, Sec. 2, Chi-Shang Road, Chushang, Nantou 557, Taiwan.
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Stetsko YP, Lin GY, Huang YS, Chao CH, Chang SL. Anomalous dispersion behavior of multiple-wave X-ray diffraction at absorption edges: determination of phase change at resonance. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:2026-2029. [PMID: 11289846 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.2026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of anomalous dispersion (resonance) on multiple reflection of x rays and their interference in crystals at atomic absorption edges are studied. Intensity ratios of two inversion-symmetry-related multiple diffractions at or near absorption edges exhibit highly phase-sensitive profiles with strong asymmetric characteristics, unlike those far from the edges. A new resonance perturbation Bethe approach is developed to explain this behavior. This leads to direct determination of the phase change for x-ray reflections at resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Stetsko
- Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lin JJ, Yueh KC, Lin GY, Chang DC, Chang CY, Shieh HL, Harn HJ. Lack of association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene deletion polymorphism and cerebrovascular disease in Taiwanese. J Formos Med Assoc 2000; 99:895-901. [PMID: 11155741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene deletion polymorphism (D) has recently been suggested as a significant risk factor for cerebrovascular disease in studies involving Japanese and white populations. We investigated the role of ACE D polymorphism in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease in Taiwanese. METHODS To examine the association of ACE genotype and allele frequency with cerebrovascular disease, we conducted a study of 306 stroke patients and 300 control subjects matched by age and sex. RESULTS Although the frequencies of both the homozygous deletion (DD) genotype and the D allele were greater in stroke patients than in control subjects, these differences were not significant. Further comparison of the frequencies of the DD genotype and the D allele in the three stroke subgroups (intracerebral hemorrhage, probable large-vessel disease, and probable small-vessel lacunar infarction) with the control group revealed no significant associations. Moreover, ACE gene polymorphism was not significantly associated with age of onset of stroke. Stepwise logistic regression analysis of the presence of the D allele and data on risk factors confirmed the lack of significant association between ACE deletion polymorphism and cerebrovascular disease. Moreover, no association was identified between ACE genotypes and any of the relative risk factors for cerebral infarction or severity of carotid atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene is not associated with the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease in Taiwanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chushang Show-Chwan Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan
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21
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Abstract
Infection of cells by many viruses affects the cell division cycle of the host cell to favor viral replication. We examined the ability of the paramyxovirus simian parainfluenza virus 5 (SV5) to affect cell cycle progression, and we found that SV5 slows the rate of proliferation of HeLa T4 cells. The SV5-infected cells had a delayed transition from G(1) to S phase and prolonged progression through S phase, and some of the infected cells were arrested in G(2) or M phase. The levels of p53 and p21(CIP1) were not increased in SV5-infected cells compared to mock-infected cells, suggesting that the changes in the cell cycle occur through a p53-independent mechanism. However, the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) was delayed and prolonged in SV5-infected cells. The changes in the cell cycle were also observed in cells expressing the SV5 V protein but not in the cells expressing the SV5 P protein or the V protein lacking its unique C terminus (VDeltaC). The unique C terminus of the V protein of SV5 was shown previously to interact with DDB1, which is the 127-kDa subunit of the multifunctional damage-specific DNA-binding protein (DDB) heterodimer. The coexpression of DDB1 with V can partially restore the changes in the cell cycle caused by expression of the V protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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22
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Foolad MR, Ntahimpera N, Christ BJ, Lin GY. Comparison of Field, Greenhouse, and Detached-Leaflet Evaluations of Tomato Germ Plasm for Early Blight Resistance. Plant Dis 2000; 84:967-972. [PMID: 30832028 DOI: 10.1094/pdis.2000.84.9.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-nine tomato genotypes (cultivars, breeding lines, and plant introductions), representing three Lycopersicon species, were evaluated for resistance to early blight (EB) caused by the fungus Alternaria solani. Evaluations were conducted in replicated trials in multiple years under field and greenhouse conditions (with whole plants) and in growth chamber (with detached leaflets). In the field experiments, plants were evaluated for disease symptoms, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and final percent defoliation were determined. In the greenhouse experiments, plants were evaluated for percent defoliation following spray-inoculation with isolates of A. solani. In the growth chamber experiments, lesion radius, rate of lesion expansion, and final disease severity were determined for individual detached leaflets inoculated with isolates of A. solani. There were significant differences among genotypes in their response to A. solani infection in the field, greenhouse, and growth chamber experiments. In the field and greenhouse experiments, disease response varied from near-complete resistance in some accessions of the wild tomato species L. hirsutum (e.g., PI126445 and LA2099) to complete susceptibility in tomato cultivar New Yorker and breeding line NC84173. The previously developed EB-resistant breeding lines 88B231, 89B21, C1943, NCEBR-1, NCEBR-2, NCEBR-5, NCEBR-6, NC24E, and NC39E exhibited more resistance than New Yorker and NC84173. Field and greenhouse results were comparable across replications and years, and there were great correspondences (r ≈0.71, P < 0.01) between field and greenhouse resistance across genotypes. In contrast, results from the detached-leaflet assays were inconsistent across experiments and not correlated with either greenhouse or field results. The overall results indicate the utility of greenhouse evaluation and the inadequacy of detached-leaflet assay for screening tomatoes for EB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - G Y Lin
- Department of Horticulture, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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23
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Lin GY, Zhong J, Wang XZ. Abnormal formation of polyhedra resulting from a single mutation in the polyhedrin gene of Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. J Invertebr Pathol 2000; 76:13-9. [PMID: 10963398 DOI: 10.1006/jipa.2000.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A spontaneous mutant that produces a single abnormally large cubic polyhedron per infected cell was isolated from a polyhedra-positive recombinant Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). Both wild-type and mutant virus produce two forms of virus particles, budded virions and occluded virions. However, occluded virions are not found within the polyhedra of cells infected with mutant virus, as with the wild-type virus. These large cubic polyhedra do not have the typical lattice-like structure normally seen in wild-type polyhedra and are noninfectious. Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (SF9) cells which were infected with this virus had low infectivity to larvae. No significant alterations were found in the viral genome by restriction enzyme analysis, and no mutations were found in the 25K gene. A single point mutation resulting in an amino acid change of Gly25 to Asp was identified in the polyhedrin gene. A transfer vector containing the entire polyhedrin gene including the point mutation was constructed and used to cotransfect Sf9 cells with a polyhedron-negative recombinant virus. Large cubic polyhedra were once again observed, confirming that the Gly25 to Asp mutation is responsible for the formation of abnormal polyhedra.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Lin
- Institute of Entomology, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
This 29-year-old man with cerebral palsy complicated by generalized dystonia was treated by simultaneous bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy. Postoperatively, there was slow, but steady, improvement in the patient's dystonia and disability. However, the improvement in abnormal movements was only prominent for cervical dystonia and oromandibular dyskinesia. The patient's Burke-Fahn-Marsden dystonia scores were 51 preoperatively and 37, 33.5 and 33.5, at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively, demonstrating a maximum improvement of 34%. These results suggest that pallidotomy can be an alternative therapy for those patients suffering from intractable generalized dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chushang Show-Chwan Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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25
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Abstract
The simian parainfluenza virus 5 (SV5) V/P gene encodes two proteins: V and the phosphoprotein P. The V and P proteins are amino coterminal for 164 residues, but they have unique carboxyl termini. The unique carboxyl terminus of V contains seven cysteine residues, resembles a zinc finger, and binds two atoms of zinc. In a glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-fusion protein selection of cell lysate assay, the GST-V protein was found to interact with the 127-kDa subunit (DDB1) of the damage-specific DNA binding protein (DDB) [also known as UV-damaged DNA binding protein (UV-DDB), xeroderma pigmentosum group E binding factor (XPE-BF), and the hepatitis B virus X-associated protein 1 (XAP-1)]. A reciprocal GST-DDB1 fusion protein selection assay of SV5-infected cell lysates showed that DDB1 and V interact, and it was found that V and DDB1 could be coimmunoprecipitated from SV5-infected cells or from cells expressing V and DDB1 using the vaccinia virus T7 expression system. The interaction of V and DDB1 involves the carboxyl-terminal domain of V in that either deletion of the V carboxyl-terminal domain or substitution of the cysteine residues (C189, C193, C205, C207, C210, C214, and C217) in the zinc-binding domain with alanine was able to disrupt binding to DDB1. The V proteins of the mumps virus, human parainfluenza virus 2 (hPIV2), and measles virus have also been found to interact with DDB1 in GST-fusion protein selection assays using in vitro transcribed and translated DDB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, 2153 North Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3500, USA
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Lin JJ, Lin SZ, Lin GY, Chang DC, Lee CC. Application of bilateral sequential pallidotomy to treat a patient with generalized dystonia. Eur Neurol 1998; 40:108-10. [PMID: 9776629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chushang Show-Chwan Hospital, Nantou, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine affecting growth and differentiation of various cell types as well as regulating other cytokines. To study the effect of IL-4 on AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) cells, we first examined the tumor cells for IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) expression. KS cells express a single 4 kB IL-4R-specific mRNA and 1828 +/- 408 high affinity IL-4 binding sites per cell with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 154 +/- 37 pM. Addition of recombinant human IL-4 (rIL-4) minimally inhibited AIDS-KS cell growth and expression of IL-6. We then studied the effects of a chimeric fusion toxin DAB389-IL-4 which exerts cellular toxicity only on cells expressing IL-4R. DAB389-IL-4 inhibited protein synthesis in AIDS-KS cells at low concentrations (IC50 of 5 x 10(-11) M). This effect was abrogated by neutralizing antibody to IL-4 (25D2). We conclude that KS cells express a functional IL-4R and this receptor could serve as a target for novel therapy with agents such as DAB389-IL-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cai
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
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28
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Abstract
Microbial transformation of sarsasapogenin (1) with Mycobacterium sp. (NRRL B-3805) gave 25(S)-neospirost-4-en-3-one (2) as the sole product in 62% yield. Incubation of dihydrosarsasapogenin (3) led to the isolation of seven products in 0.5 (4), 6.6 (5), 5 (6), 16 (7), 1 (8), 1 (9), and 4.5% (10) yields, respectively, while 15% of 3 was recovered. Among these products, 8 and 9 were C22 steroids, and 10 was a C19 steroid. Isolation of these C19 and C22 steroids indicated that this microorganism is capable of cleaving the ether linkage between C-16 and C-22 in 3. In addition, 12 alpha-hydroxylation was also observed in all these three metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China
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29
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Abstract
The V/P gene of simian virus 5 (SV5) encodes two proteins, V (222 residues) and the phosphoprotein P (392 residues). The V and P proteins are amino coterminal for 164 residues, but they have unique carboxy termini due to addition of two nontemplated G residues to the P mRNA during transcription. We have shown that the V and P proteins bind RNA by using both Northwestern blot analysis and ultraviolet-light crosslinking. The RNA-binding region has been mapped to a region in the P and V proteins which contains five basic residues (K74, K76, K77, R79, K81). Either deletion of the basic residues or substitution of the basic residues with alanine inhibited RNA binding by the V or P proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500, USA
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Nagpal S, Cai J, Zheng T, Patel S, Masood R, Lin GY, Friant S, Johnson A, Smith DL, Chandraratna RA, Gill PS. Retinoid antagonism of NF-IL6: insight into the mechanism of antiproliferative effects of retinoids in Kaposi's sarcoma. Mol Cell Biol 1997; 17:4159-68. [PMID: 9199351 PMCID: PMC232269 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.17.7.4159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) is active in the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and retinoids inhibit KS cell growth in vitro. To understand the mechanism of retinoid action in KS, we studied the expression of autocrine growth factors of KS cells after RA treatment. We demonstrate that RA and its synthetic analogs inhibit the proliferation of KS cells by inhibiting the mRNA and protein levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), an autocrine growth factor for KS cells. We further demonstrate that nuclear retinoid receptors (RA receptors [RARs] and retinoid X receptors [RXRs]) inhibit IL-6 promoter action by antagonizing the enhancer action of NF-IL6, a basic domain leucine zipper transcription factor belonging to the family of CAAT enhancer binding proteins. Furthermore, RARs and RXRs do not bind in vitro to an NF-IL6 binding site. However, the secondary folded structure of the DNA binding domain of RAR and RXR is obligatory for inhibiting NF-IL6 activity. Thus, NF-IL6 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of KS. Finally, using receptor-selective synthetic retinoids, we demonstrate that NF-IL6 antagonism and transactivation are separable functions of RAR alpha, thus indicating that synthetic retinoids with properties of NF-IL6 antagonism but lacking transactivation capabilities can be synthesized. Such retinoids might increase therapeutic potential in KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagpal
- Department of Biology, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California 92713, USA
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31
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Fu LW, Pan QC, Lin GY. [Compared study on Fura-2/AM assay and MTT assay for screening multidrug resistant modulators]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1997; 32:401-5. [PMID: 11596320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
To explore the difference of screening results of reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) by modulators between Fura-2/AM assay and MTT assay, 25 compounds which have active structure were studied for MDR reversal activity with both methods. The fold of MDR reversal was shown to have remarkable relation with the amount of Fura-2 accumulation (Y = -3.66 + 17.5X, gamma = 0.86, P < 0.01). On the other hand, Fura-2/AM assay has several advantages as compared with MTT assay. Fura-2/AM assay needs shorter time (4 h) than MTT assay (96 h), and the MTT assay needs more steps than the Fura-2/AM assay. Furthermore, Fura-2/AM assay was more reliable than MTT assay for screening MDR modulators because MTT assay was dependent on the viable cells, while Fura-2/AM assay was dependent on the function of P-gp. The results suggest that Fura-2/AM assay may replace MTT assay in the screening of MDR modulators on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Fu
- Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060
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32
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Ni AP, Lin GY, Yang L, He HY, Huang CW, Liu ZJ, Wang RS, Zhang JS, Yu JY, Li N, Wang JB, Yang HY. A seroepidemiologic study of Chlamydia pneumoniae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia psittaci in different populations on the mainland of China. Scand J Infect Dis 1996; 28:553-7. [PMID: 9060055 DOI: 10.3109/00365549609037959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate and compare the prevalence of antibodies to 3 chlamydial species in various populations on the mainland of China, the MIF test was used to detect both serum IgG and IgM antibodies to these species in the normal population (n = 711), in poultry workers (n = 51), in female prostitutes (n = 106), in patients attending the sexually transmitted diseases clinic (n = 98), and in adult patients with pneumonia and bronchitis (n = 108). In the normal population, IgG antibodies against C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis and C. psittaci were present in 61.5%, 9.3%, and 3.5%, respectively, and increasing with age. Prevalence and geometric mean titers (GMT) of IgG antibodies to C. trachomatis in prostitutes (54.7%) and female (55%), but not male (15.4%) sexually transmitted disease patients were significantly higher than in the normal adult female population. The prevalence indicating both previous and recent C. psittaci infections in poultry workers was no higher than in the others. The prevalence of IgG antibodies and GMT to C. pneumoniae in patients with pneumonia and bronchitis was not statistically higher than in the normal adult population. Evidence of cross-reactivities in the MIF test between different species was found in both prevalence and GMT. Serum IgM antibodies were usually absent in patients who met the serological criteria of recent C. pneumoniae infection, indicating that most of them could be considered as reinfections. On the basis of our survey, acute antibodies to C. pneumoniae by the MIF test, if they are detected, may be valuable in the diagnosis of recent C. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Ni
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, CAMS, Beijing PR China
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Zheng RH, Lin GY. [Conservation of rare and endangered medicinal plants in the Wuyi Mountain Nature Reserve]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1994; 19:390-1, 446. [PMID: 7802943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R H Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Institute for Drug Control, Fuzhou
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MacInnes MA, Dickson JA, Hernandez RR, Learmonth D, Lin GY, Mudgett JS, Park MS, Schauer S, Reynolds RJ, Strniste GF. Human ERCC5 cDNA-cosmid complementation for excision repair and bipartite amino acid domains conserved with RAD proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Mol Cell Biol 1993; 13:6393-402. [PMID: 8413238 PMCID: PMC364698 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.13.10.6393-6402.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several human genes related to DNA excision repair (ER) have been isolated via ER cross-species complementation (ERCC) of UV-sensitive CHO cells. We have now isolated and characterized cDNAs for the human ERCC5 gene that complement CHO UV135 cells. The ERCC5 mRNA size is about 4.6 kb. Our available cDNA clones are partial length, and no single clone was active for UV135 complementation. When cDNAs were mixed pairwise with a cosmid clone containing an overlapping 5'-end segment of the ERCC5 gene, DNA transfer produced UV-resistant colonies with 60 to 95% correction of UV resistance relative to either a genomic ERCC5 DNA transformant or the CHO AA8 progenitor cells. cDNA-cosmid transformants regained intermediate levels (20 to 45%) of ER-dependent reactivation of a UV-damaged pSVCATgpt reporter plasmid. Our evidence strongly implicates an in situ recombination mechanism in cDNA-cosmid complementation for ER. The complete deduced amino acid sequence of ERCC5 was reconstructed from several cDNA clones encoding a predicted protein of 1,186 amino acids. The ERCC5 protein has extensive sequence similarities, in bipartite domains A and B, to products of RAD repair genes of two yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD2 and Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad13. Sequence, structural, and functional data taken together indicate that ERCC5 and its relatives are probable functional homologs. A second locus represented by S. cerevisiae YKL510 and S. pombe rad2 genes is structurally distinct from the ERCC5 locus but retains vestigial A and B domain similarities. Our analyses suggest that ERCC5 is a nuclear-localized protein with one or more highly conserved helix-loop-helix segments within domains A and B.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A MacInnes
- Life Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545
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Hayashi F, Lin GY, Matsumoto H, Yamazaki A. Phosphatidylinositol-stimulated phosphorylation of an inhibitory subunit of cGMP phosphodiesterase in vertebrate rod photoreceptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991; 88:4333-7. [PMID: 1852003 PMCID: PMC51653 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.88.10.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An inhibitory subunit (P gamma) of cGMP phosphodiesterase from vertebrate rod photoreceptors (frog, toad, and bovine) was phosphorylated by cytosolic protein kinase(s) derived from intact frog rod outer segments. The phosphorylation of frog P gamma was stimulated by phosphatidylinositol but not by cAMP or cGMP. One- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that 70-80% of P gamma was phosphorylated with 1 mol of phosphate per frog P gamma under optimal conditions. A peptide that derived from an active domain of bovine P gamma was also phosphorylated. Phosphorylation of frog P gamma was inhibited by addition of the peptide to the reaction mixture. Phosphorylation of frog P gamma was also inhibited by addition of transducin subunits or active (P gamma-less) cGMP phosphodiesterase. Okadaic acid, on the other hand, enhanced P gamma phosphorylation, suggesting the presence of protein phosphatase(s) in the cytosolic fraction. These data suggest another mechanism for the regulation of cGMP phosphodiesterase in vertebrate rod photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hayashi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, University of California, NM 87545
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Li ZZ, Zhang MC, Wus YG, Zhong BL, Lin GY, Huang H. Trial of deltamethrin impregnated bed nets for the control of malaria transmitted by Anopheles sinensis and Anopheles anthropophagus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1989; 40:356-9. [PMID: 2712195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1985-1987, a field trial of malaria control using deltamethrin impregnated mosquito nets was carried out with 4,450 people in the Buji district, Bao'an County, Guangdong Province, China. The vectors were exophilic Anopheles sinensis (80%) and the endophilic and anthropophilic An. anthropophagus (20%). The first impregnation of the nets was in June 1985 and the second in April 1986. About 87% of the population slept under treated nets. The indoor vector density decreased by 93% and remained at the same level during the second year. During the second year the average monthly malaria incidence was 1.3% for January-June, a decrease of 74.6% as compared with pretreatment data, and 0.85% from July to December, a decrease of 92.7%. In April 1986 and April 1987, the treatment was extended to the whole Buji District, which has a total population of approximately 40,000. The average monthly malaria incidence (April-December 1986 and 1987) was 0.54% and 0.17%, a decrease of 64.7% and 89% respectively as compared with the same period for the previous year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Z Li
- Institute of Antiparasitic Diseases, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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