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Emran MM, Roy NR, Hoque MA, Rahaman H, Paul GK, Fatema N. Symptom Analysis of Early Parkinson's Disease and its Correlation with High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein. Mymensingh Med J 2024; 33:470-475. [PMID: 38557528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure. It is characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity and postural instability, due to impairment of function of the basal ganglia which is involved in the coordination of body movement. Neuro-inflammation is pathogenesis of development in early Parkinson's disease. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein level is a useful non-specific biochemical marker of inflammation. Objective of this study was to analyze the symptoms of Parkinson disease and it's correlation with high sensitive CRP. Seventy-six Parkinson's disease patients were enrolled in this Cross-sectional observational study that was attended in the Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh from September 2014 to March 2016. Analysis of the symptoms of Parkinson disease and it's correlation with high sensitive CRP were done among these patients. This study was performed on 76 Parkinson disease patients with presented early with symptoms. a positive and highly significant correlation were seen in between duration of tremor and High sensitivity CRP (r=0.430, p<0.001) and between duration of bradykinesia and High sensitivity CRP (r=0.426, p<0.001) which indicate increase duration causes increase level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein value. The neuro-inflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of symptoms development in early Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Emran
- Dr Mohammad Masum Emran, Junior Consultant (Neurology), RMO, Cumilla Medical College Hospital, Cumilla, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Rahaman H, Rahman HZ, Emran MM, Rahman MA. Association of CSF Total Protein with Clinical Heterogeneity, Disease Severity and Electrophysiological Pattern in GBS Patients. Mymensingh Med J 2024; 33:496-500. [PMID: 38557532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is considered as an immune mediated inflammatory disease of peripheral nerves and nerve roots. The significance of CSF total protein (CSF-TP) in subtypes of Guillain-Barre syndrome has not been well established. This observational, cross sectional study's aim was to identify association of CSF total protein with clinical heterogeneity, disease severity and electrophysiological subtypes in GBS patients. This study was carried out in the Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh from September 2017 to February 2019 on 50 (fifty) admitted GBS patients as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. About 3-5 ml of CSF was taken around 10±2 days from disease onset for detection CSF cell count and protein. Pattern of clinical presentation, disability status by Hughes scale and NCS findings of these patients was documented. Mean CSF-TP were substantially higher for Sensori-motor GBS (195.42 mg/dl) and GBS with cranial involvement (226.12 mg/dl) than that of GBS with motor (134.00 mg/dl) and autonomic involvement (155.21 mg/dl). Mean CSF total protein (CSF-MTP) in severely ill GBS patients (Grade-IV) was 217.04 mg/dl and very severely ill GBS patients (Grade-V) was 138.00mg/dl which was significantly higher than mean CSF total protein in mild GBS patients (CSF-MTP: 99.86mg/dl) and moderately ill GBS patients (CSF-MTP: 172.00 mg/dl). Mean CSF total protein is 245.00mg/dl in AIDP which is also higher than mean CSF total protein of AMAN (153.36 mg/dl) and AMSAN (165.17mg/dl). CSF-TP is thought to be a sensitive test for GBS in the second week after onset, but it may be a reliable predictor of clinical severity. There is a significant association of CSF-TP elevation with demyelinating electrophysiologic pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rahaman
- Dr Habibur Rahaman, Registrar, Neuromedicine, Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College Hospital, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh
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Rahaman H, Herojit K, Singh LR, Haobam R, Fisher AB. Structural and Functional Diversity of the Peroxiredoxin 6 Enzyme Family. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023. [PMID: 37463006 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Peroxiredoxins (Prdxs) with a single peroxidative cysteine (CP) in a conserved motif PXXX(T/S)XXCP within its thioredoxin fold, have been classified as the peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6 ) family. All Prdxs can reduce H2O2 and short chain hydroperoxides while Prdx6 in addition, can reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH) due to its ability to interact with peroxidized phospholipid substrate. The single CP of Prdx6 uses various external electron donors including glutathione thioredoxin, and ascorbic acid for resolution of its peroxidized state and, therefore, its peroxidase activity. Prdx6 proteins also exhibit Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (PLA2), lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT), and chaperone activities that depend on cellular localization and the oxidation and oligomerisation states of the protein. Thus, Prdx6 is a "moonlighting" enzyme. Recent Advance: Physiologically, Prdx6s have been reported to play an important role in protection against oxidative stress, repair of peroxidized cell membranes, mammalian lung surfactant turnover, activation of some NADPH oxidases, the regulation of seed germination in plants, as an indicator of cellular levels of reactive O2 species through Nrf-Klf9 activation, and possibly in male fertility, regulation of cell death through ferroptosis, cancer metastasis, and oxidative stress-related signalling pathways. Critical Issues: This review outlines Prdx6 enzyme unique structural features and explores its wide range of physiological functions. Yet, existing structural data falls short of fully revealing all of human Prdx6 multifunctional roles. Further endeavour is required to bridge this gap in its understanding. Although there are wide variations in both the structure and function of Prdx6 family members in various organisms, all Prdx6 proteins show the unique a long C-terminal extension that is also seen in Prdx1, but not in other Prdxs. Future Directions: As research data continues to accumulate, the potential for detailed insights into the role of C-terminal of Prdx6 in its oligomerisation and activities. There is a need for thorough exploration of structural characteristics of the various biological functions. Additionally, uncovering the interacting partners of Prdx6 and understanding its involvement in signalling pathways will significantly contribute to a more profound comprehension of its role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidur Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, India
| | - Khundrakpam Herojit
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Mangolnganbi College, Ningthoukhong, India
| | | | - Reena Haobam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, India
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kumari A, Chowhan RK, Kakchingtabam P, Shahnaj S, Rahaman H, Ansari MS, Singh LR. Peroxiredoxin-6 is a Guardian of lung pathophysiologies. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 22:666-674. [PMID: 34751114 DOI: 10.2174/1389203722666211109101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The moonlighting protein, Prdx6 exhibits peroxidase activity, phospholipase activity and lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT) activity. Although it is ubiquitous in expression, its level is prominently high in the lung. Prdx6 has been known to be an important enzyme for the maintenance of normal lung physiologies including, anti-oxidant defense, lung surfactant homeostasis and cell signaling. Studies further unveiled that the altered activity (peroxidase or aiPLA2) of this enzyme is linked with various lung pathologies or diseases. In the present article, we attempted to address the various pathophysiologies or disease conditions (like lung ischemia, hyperoxia, lung cancer, emphysema and acute lung injury) wherein prdx6 is involved. The study implicates that Prdx6 could be used as a common drug target for multiple lung diseases. Important future insights have also been incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Kumari
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi. India
| | - Rimpy Kaur Chowhan
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi. India
| | | | | | - Hamidur Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Manipur. India
| | - Mohd Saquib Ansari
- Department of Biomedical science, Shaheed Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, Vasundhara Enclave, Delhi. India
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Sharma G, Bhattacharya R, Krishna S, Alomar SY, Alkhuriji AF, Warepam M, Kumari K, Rahaman H, Singh LR. Structural and Functional Characterization of Covalently Modified Proteins Formed By a Glycating Agent, Glyoxal. ACS Omega 2021; 6:20887-20894. [PMID: 34423196 PMCID: PMC8374913 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycation, the main consequence of hyperglycemia, is one of the major perpetrators of diabetes and several other conditions, including coronary and neurodegenerative complications. Such a hyperglycemic condition is represented by a large increase in levels of various glycation end products including glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and carboxymethyl-lysine among others. These glycation end products are known to play a crucial role in diabetic complications due to their ability to covalently modify important proteins and enzymes, specifically at lysine residues (a process termed as glycation), making them non-functional. Previous studies have largely paid attention on characterization and identification of these reactive glycating agents. Structural and functional consequences of proteins affected by glycation have not yet been critically investigated. We have made a systematic investigation on the early conformational changes and functional alterations brought about by a glycating agent, glyoxal, on different proteins. We found that the early event in glycation includes an increase in hydrodynamic diameter, followed by minor structural alterations sufficient to impair enzyme activity. The study indicates the importance of glyoxal-induced early structural alteration of proteins toward the pathophysiology of hyperglycemia/diabetes and associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurumayum
Suraj Sharma
- Department
of Botany, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
| | - Reshmee Bhattacharya
- Dr.
B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Snigdha Krishna
- Dr.
B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Suliman Y. Alomar
- Doping
Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afrah F. Alkhuriji
- Department
of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud
University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marina Warepam
- Department
of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur 795003, India
| | - Kritika Kumari
- Dr.
B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Hamidur Rahaman
- Department
of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur 795003, India
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Chowhan RK, Hotumalani S, Rahaman H, Singh LR. pH induced conformational alteration in human peroxiredoxin 6 might be responsible for its resistance against lysosomal pH or high temperature. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9657. [PMID: 33958651 PMCID: PMC8102515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89093-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), the ubiquitously expressed enzyme belonging to the family of peroxidases, namely, peroxiredoxins, exhibits a unique feature of functional compartmentalization within cells. Whereas, the enzyme localized in cytosol shows glutathione peroxidase activity, its lysosomal counterpart performs calcium independent phospholipase A2 (aiPLA2) activity. Like any true moonlighting protein, these two activities of Prdx6 are mutually exclusive of each other as a function of the pH of the cellular compartments. Differential substrate preference at different pH (i.e. peroxidised phospholipids at neutral pH and reduced phospholipids at acidic pH) is considered to be the reason for this behavior. To gain insight into the pH-induced structural–functional interplay we have systematically evaluated conformational variations, thermodynamic stability of the protein and quaternary state of the conformers at both pH 7.0 and 4.0. Our findings suggest that change in pH allows alterations in native states of Prdx6 at pH 7.0 and 4.0 such that the changes make the protein resistant to thermal denaturation at low pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpy Kaur Chowhan
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Sunaina Hotumalani
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Hamidur Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, 795003, India
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Potshangbam AM, Nandeibam A, Amom T, Potshangbam N, Rahaman H, Rathore RS, Singh LR, Khan A. An in silico approach to identify potential medicinal plants for treating Alzheimer disease: a case study with acetylcholinesterase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1521-1533. [PMID: 33021148 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1828170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder affecting an estimated 10 million people worldwide. There is no cure for AD, and only a handful of drugs are known to provide some relief of the symptoms. The prescription drug donepezil has been widely used to treat to slow the progression and onset of the disease; however, the unpleasant side effects have paved the way to find alternative medicines. Many herbs are known to improve brain function, but evidence of medicinal plants that can treat AD is limited due to the lack of concrete rational evidences. Moreover, the traditional method of randomly screening plant extract against AD targets takes time and resources. In this study, a receptor-based in silico method has been implemented which serves to accelerate the process of identification of medicinal plants useful for treatment of AD. A database of natural compounds was compiled to identify hits against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Receptor-based pharmacophore screening was performed, and selected hits were subjected to docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) calculations were carried out to identify the best scoring hits further. In vitro assays were done for the plant extracts containing the top-scoring hits against AChE. Three plant extracts showed favorable inhibitory activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Apana Nandeibam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Thongamba Amom
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | - Hamidur Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Ravindranath Singh Rathore
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | | | - Aslam Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Amom T, Tikendra L, Apana N, Goutam M, Sonia P, Koijam AS, Potshangbam AM, Rahaman H, Nongdam P. Efficiency of RAPD, ISSR, iPBS, SCoT and phytochemical markers in the genetic relationship study of five native and economical important bamboos of North-East India. Phytochemistry 2020; 174:112330. [PMID: 32146386 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
10 primers each of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR), inter primer binding site (iPBS) and start codon targeted (SCoT) were used to analyze genetic polymorphism and relationship between 50 genotypes of 5 economical important native bamboos (Bambusa cacharensis, B. mizorameana, Dendrocalamus manipureanus, D. hamiltonii and D. sikkimensis) of North-East India. The 40 different primers generated 111, 115, 116 and 138 polymorphic bands for RAPD, ISSR, iPBS and SCoT markers respectively. The comparative analysis of 4 marker systems based on polymorphic information content (PIC), effective multiplex ratio (EMR) and marker index (MI) values showed SCoT to be more informative with higher discriminating power than the other three markers. The correlation value (r) as determined by the Mantel test ranged from 0.60 (SCoT and RAPD) to 0.83 (iPBS and ISSR) indicating a high positive correlation between the markers. The close correspondence between the genetic matrices of RAPD, ISSR, iPBS and SCoT markers revealed the effectiveness of each marker system in determining the genetic relationship between bamboos. UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Arithmetic Mean Method) dendrograms generated from DNA marker analysis demonstrated species-specific clustering of different bamboo genotypes. Except for RAPD, the dendrograms of ISSR, iPBS and SCoT markers also showed a close association of bamboo genotypes based on geographical origin. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed the distribution of different bamboo genotypes in accordance with the cluster analysis. The cluster grouping based on phytochemical study not only discriminated the different bamboo species but also illustrated a location-specific grouping of the genotypes. The bamboo clustering pattern derived from phytochemical analysis matched closely with the dendrograms generated by the DNA markers. The present investigation established the possibility of using a combined molecular and phytochemical marker approach to determine the genetic relationship between 5 native bamboos of North-East India with high precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoungamba Amom
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Leimapokpam Tikendra
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Nandeibam Apana
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Moirangthem Goutam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Paonam Sonia
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Arunkumar Singh Koijam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India
| | | | - Hamidur Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India
| | - Potshangbam Nongdam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, 795003, Manipur, India.
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Warepam M, Ahmad K, Rahman S, Rahaman H, Kumari K, Singh LR. N-Acetylaspartate Is an Important Brain Osmolyte. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020286. [PMID: 32059525 PMCID: PMC7072545 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the human diseases related to various proteopathies are confined to the brain, which leads to the development of various forms of neurological disorders. The human brain consists of several osmolytic compounds, such as N-Acetylaspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (mI), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), creatine (Cr), and choline-containing compounds (Cho). Among these osmolytes, the level of NAA drastically decreases under neurological conditions, and, hence, NAA is considered to be one of the most widely accepted neuronal biomarkers in several human brain disorders. To date, no data are available regarding the effect of NAA on protein stability, and, therefore, the possible effect of NAA under proteopathic conditions has not been fully uncovered. To gain an insight into the effect of NAA on protein stability, thermal denaturation and structural measurements were carried out using two model proteins at different pH values. The results indicate that NAA increases the protein stability with an enhancement of structure formation. We also observed that the stabilizing ability of NAA decreases in a pH-dependent manner. Our study indicates that NAA is an efficient protein stabilizer at a physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Warepam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Manipur 795003, India; (M.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea;
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar 845401, India;
| | - Hamidur Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Manipur 795003, India; (M.W.); (H.R.)
| | - Kritika Kumari
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India;
| | - Laishram Rajendrakumar Singh
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-9811630757; Fax: +91-11-27666248
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Shahnaj S, Chowhan RK, Meetei PA, Kakchingtabam P, Herojit Singh K, Rajendrakumar Singh L, Nongdam P, Fisher AB, Rahaman H. Hyperoxidation of Peroxiredoxin 6 Induces Alteration from Dimeric to Oligomeric State. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8020033. [PMID: 30717364 PMCID: PMC6406459 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins(Prdx), the family of non-selenium glutathione peroxidases, are important antioxidant enzymes that defend our system from the toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). They are thiol-based peroxidases that utilize self-oxidation of their peroxidatic cysteine (Cp) group to reduce peroxides and peroxidized biomolecules. However, because of its high affinity for hydrogen peroxide this peroxidatic cysteine moiety is extremely susceptible to hyperoxidation, forming peroxidase inactive sulfinic acid (Cys-SO₂H) and sulfonic acid (Cys-SO₃H) derivatives. With the exception of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), hyperoxidized sulfinic forms of Prdx can be reversed to restore peroxidase activity by the ATP-dependent enzyme sulfiredoxin. Interestingly, hyperoxidized Prdx6 protein seems to have physiological significance as hyperoxidation has been reported to dramatically upregulate its calcium independent phospholipase A₂ activity. Using biochemical studies and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, we investigated the roles of thermodynamic, structural and internal flexibility of Prdx6 to comprehend the structural alteration of the protein in the oxidized state. We observed the loosening of the hydrophobic core of the enzyme in its secondary and tertiary structures. These changes do not affect the internal dynamics of the protein (as indicated by root-mean-square deviation, RMSD and root mean square fluctuation, RMSF plots). Native-PAGE and dynamic light scattering experiments revealed the formation of higher oligomers of Prdx6 under hyperoxidation. Our study demonstrates that post translational modification (like hyperoxidation) in Prdx6 can result in major alterations of its multimeric status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifun Shahnaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Manipur 795003, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6068, USA.
| | - Hamidur Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Manipur 795003, India.
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Amom T, Tikendra L, Rahaman H, Potshangbam A, Nongdam P. Evaluation of genetic relationship between 15 bamboo species of North-East India based on ISSR marker analysis. Mol Biol Res Commun 2018; 7:7-15. [PMID: 29911118 PMCID: PMC5991527 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2018.28378.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The classification of bamboos based on floral morphology and reproductive characters is very hard due to erratic flowering behavior and unusually long reproductive cycle. The application of reliable and effective DNA molecular markers is highly essential to address this problem. In the present investigation, inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers were employed to study phylogenetic relationship of 15 different bamboos of North-East India. The 10 ISSR primers generated 116 polymorphic loci or scorable bands with average of 11.6 bands per primer. The genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.41-0.76 showing high genetic polymorphism among different bamboo species. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on genetic similarity matrix revealed genetic proximity of endemic Bambusamizorameana to other five Dendrocalamus species by clustering into a single group, while Dendrocalamus manipureanus segregated from the cluster indicating its genetic divergent character. Except for Schizotachyum fuchsianum, the three Schizotachyum species viz., S. dullooa, S. pergracile and S. munroi exhibited close genetic affinity by grouping into a single minor clade. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed distribution of different bamboos species in the plot in accordance to unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analysis. Genetic relationship of 15 different bamboos as revealed from the dendrogram and PCoA analysis reasonably conformed to traditional system of classification though slight disagreement existed. This is the first report on the successful use of ISSR markers in the phylogenetic and genetic variation studies of 15 important bamboos of the region including the endemic bamboo species of B. mizorameana, B. manipureana, D. sikkimensis and D. manipureanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoungamba Amom
- Department of Biotechnology Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795003, Manipur, India
| | - Leimapokpam Tikendra
- Department of Biotechnology Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795003, Manipur, India
| | - Hamidur Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795003, Manipur, India
| | - Angamba Potshangbam
- Department of Biotechnology Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795003, Manipur, India
| | - Potshangbam Nongdam
- Department of Biotechnology Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal-795003, Manipur, India
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Nilkanta H, Amom T, Tikendra L, Rahaman H, Nongdam P. ISSR Marker Based Population Genetic Study of Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz: A Commercially Important Bamboo of Manipur, North-East India. Scientifica (Cairo) 2017; 2017:3757238. [PMID: 28168084 PMCID: PMC5259607 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3757238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Melocanna baccifera (Roxb.) Kurz is an economically important bamboo of North-East India experiencing population depletion in its natural habitats. Genetic variation studies were conducted in 7 populations sampled from 5 districts of Manipur using ISSR molecular markers. The investigation was carried out as a primary step towards developing effective conservation strategies for the protection of bamboo germplasm. ISSR marker analysis showed significant level of genetic variation within the populations as revealed by moderately high average values of Nei's genetic diversity (H 0.1639), Shannon's diversity index (I 0.2563), percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB 59.18), total genetic variation (Ht 0.1961), and genetic diversity within population (Hs 0.1639). The study also divulged a high genetic variation at species level with Shannon's diversity index (I), Nei's genetic diversity (H), and percentage of polymorphic band (PPB%) recorded at 0.3218, 0.1939, and 88.37, respectively. Genetic differentiation among the populations (Gst) was merely 19.42% leaving 80.58% of genetic variation exhibited within the populations. The low genetic diversity between populations was consistent with AMOVA. The low genetic differentiation among populations coupled with existence of significantly high genetic diversity at species level indicated the urgent necessity of preserving and protecting all the existing natural bamboo populations in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heikrujam Nilkanta
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur 795003, India
| | - Thoungamba Amom
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur 795003, India
| | - Leimapokpam Tikendra
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur 795003, India
| | - Hamidur Rahaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur 795003, India
| | - Potshangbam Nongdam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur 795003, India
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Paul B, Boro A, Gupta P, Rahaman H. Successful retrieval of J-guidewire from right atrium accidentally dislodged during temporary pacing. Indian Heart J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2015.10.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Lamba RP, Pathania V, Meena BL, Rahaman H, Pal UN, Prakash R. Investigations of a high current linear aperture radial multichannel pseudospark switch. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:103508. [PMID: 26520956 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a high current linear aperture radial multichannel Pseudospark switch (LARM-PSS) is reported which has been analyzed for its high current characteristics. In order to enhance hold-off voltage and support hollow cathode effect for the ignition of the discharge in this configuration, the field penetration analysis through circular and linear apertures of the electrodes has been carried out. The linear apertures in the electrodes increase the current handling capacity than that of circular aperture electrodes without significant compromise of the hold-off capacity. The developed LARM-PSS switch is capable to hold voltage up to 25 kV at gas pressure between 10 and 50 Pa for hydrogen. The switch has been operated using a 800 nF capacitor bank and conducted an effective charge up to 1.5 C with peak switch current ∼20 kA at applied voltage 19 kV.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Lamba
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), CSIR-CEERI Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - V Pathania
- CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - B L Meena
- CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - H Rahaman
- CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - U N Pal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), CSIR-CEERI Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ram Prakash
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), CSIR-CEERI Campus, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Rahaman H, Alam Khan MK, Hassan MI, Islam A, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Ahmad F. Heterogeneity of equilibrium molten globule state of cytochrome c induced by weak salt denaturants under physiological condition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120465. [PMID: 25849212 PMCID: PMC4388492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While many proteins are recognized to undergo folding via intermediate(s), the heterogeneity of equilibrium folding intermediate(s) along the folding pathway is less understood. In our present study, FTIR spectroscopy, far- and near-UV circular dichroism (CD), ANS and tryptophan fluorescence, near IR absorbance spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to study the structural and thermodynamic characteristics of the native (N), denatured (D) and intermediate state (X) of goat cytochorme c (cyt-c) induced by weak salt denaturants (LiBr, LiCl and LiClO4) at pH 6.0 and 25°C. The LiBr-induced denaturation of cyt-c measured by Soret absorption (Δε400) and CD ([θ]409), is a three-step process, N ↔ X ↔ D. It is observed that the X state obtained along the denaturation pathway of cyt-c possesses common structural and thermodynamic characteristics of the molten globule (MG) state. The MG state of cyt-c induced by LiBr is compared for its structural and thermodynamic parameters with those found in other solvent conditions such as LiCl, LiClO4 and acidic pH. Our observations suggest: (1) that the LiBr-induced MG state of cyt-c retains the native Met80-Fe(III) axial bond and Trp59-propionate interactions; (2) that LiBr-induced MG state of cyt-c is more compact retaining the hydrophobic interactions in comparison to the MG states induced by LiCl, LiClO4 and 0.5 M NaCl at pH 2.0; and (3) that there exists heterogeneity of equilibrium intermediates along the unfolding pathway of cyt-c as highly ordered (X1), classical (X2) and disordered (X3), i.e., D ↔ X3 ↔ X2 ↔ X1 ↔ N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidur Rahaman
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md. Khurshid Alam Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | | | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
- * E-mail:
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Rahaman H, Zhou S, Dodia C, Feinstein SI, Huang S, Speicher D, Fisher AB. Increased phospholipase A2 activity with phosphorylation of peroxiredoxin 6 requires a conformational change in the protein. Biochemistry 2012; 51:5521-30. [PMID: 22663767 DOI: 10.1021/bi300380h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have shown previously and confirmed in this study that the phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is markedly increased by phosphorylation. This report evaluates the conformation and thermodynamic stability of Prdx6 protein after phosphorylation to understand the physical basis for increased activity. Phosphorylation resulted in decreased negative far-UV CD, strengthened ANS binding, and a lack of rigid tertiary structure, compatible with a change in conformation to that of a molten globule. The ΔG°(D) was 3.3 ± 0.3 kcal mol(-1) for Prdx6 and 1.7 ± 0.7 kcal mol(-1) for pPrdx6, suggesting that phosphorylation destabilizes the protein. Phosphorylation of Prdx6 changed the conformation of the N-terminal domain exposing Trp 33, as determined by tryptophan fluorescence and NaI fluorescence quenching. The kinetics of interaction of proteins with unilamellar liposomes (50:25:15:10 DPPC:egg PC:cholesterol:PG molar ratio) were evaluated with tryptophan fluorescence. pPrdx6 bound to liposomes with a higher affinity (K(d) = 5.6 ± 1.2 μM) than Prdx6 (K(d) = 24.9 ± 4.5 μM). By isothermal titration calorimetry, pPrdx6 bound to liposomes with a large exothermic heat loss (ΔH = -31.49 ± 0.22 kcal mol(-1)). Correlating our conformational studies with the published crystal structure of oxidized Prdx6 suggests that phosphorylation results in exposure of hydrophobic residues, thereby providing accessibility to the sites for liposome binding. Because binding of the enzyme to the phospholipid substrate interface is a requirement for PLA(2) activity, these results indicate that a change in the conformation of Prdx6 upon its phosphorylation is the basis for enhancement of PLA(2) enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidur Rahaman
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6068, United States
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Rahaman H, Zhou S, Dodia C, Shuvaeva T, Feinstein SI, Fisher AB. Phosphorylation of Prdx6 mediated by MAPkinase induces conformational change with concomitant increase in its phospholipase A
2
activity. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.997.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamidur Rahaman
- Institute for Environmental MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
| | - Suiping Zhou
- Institute for Environmental MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
| | - Tea Shuvaeva
- Institute for Environmental MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
| | - Sheldon I. Feinstein
- Institute for Environmental MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA
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Khan MKA, Rahaman H, Ahmad F. Conformation and thermodynamic stability of pre-molten and molten globule states of mammalian cytochromes-c. Metallomics 2011; 3:327-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mt00078g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Rahaman H, Khan KA, Hassan I, Wahid M, Singh SB, Singh TP, Moosavi-Movahedi AA, Ahmad F. Sequence and stability of the goat cytochrome c. Biophys Chem 2008; 138:23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chattopadhyay SK, Karmakar S, Biswas T, Majumdar K, Rahaman H, Roy B. Formation of medium-ring heterocycles by diene and enyne metathesis. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.01.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Majumdar KC, Rahaman H, Roy B. Solid‐State Regioselective Cyclization Initiated by the Electrophilic Attack on the Double Bond by N‐Bromosuccinimide on Montmorillonite K‐10 Clay Support under Microwave Irradiation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701228992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Majumdar KC, Muhuri S, Rahaman H, Islam R, Roy B. Synthesis of Thiepin-annulated Pyrone and Coumarin Heterocycles by Grubbs’ Second Generation Catalyst Mediated Enyne Metathesis. CHEM LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2006.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Majumdar KC, Rahaman H, Roy B. Synthesis of Potentially Bioactive Heterocycles: Thermal [3,3]Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 4‐(4′‐Aryloxybut‐2′‐ynyloxy)‐6‐methyl‐2‐pyridone. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910500451530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. C. Majumdar
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
| | - H. Rahaman
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
| | - B. Roy
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Kalyani , Kalyani , India
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Majumdar KC, Islam R, Rahaman H, Roy B. Synthesis of spiro-pyridopyridine analogues by Grubbs' catalyst mediated alkene and enyne metathesis reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2006; 4:2393-8. [PMID: 16763684 DOI: 10.1039/b603125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical synthesis of spiro-naphthyridinone derivatives is described by the combination of the Claisen rearrangement and ring-closing metathesis/ring-closing enyne metathesis process. The RCM or RCEM proceeded smoothly in the presence of Grubbs' first generation catalyst at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India.
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Majumdar K, Rahaman H, Muhuri S, Roy B. Stereoselective Synthesis of Tricyclic Pyranoxepin Derivatives by Ruthenium-Catalyzed Enyne Metathesis/Diels-Alder Reaction. Synlett 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-926238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Krishnamoorthy RV, Srihari K, Rahaman H. Increased collagen and glycoprotein contents of the denervated cremaster muscle of the bonnet monkey, Macaca radiata. Experientia 1975; 31:1408-10. [PMID: 814015 DOI: 10.1007/bf01923214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Denervation of genitofemoralis in the bonnet monkey for 60 days resulted in a significant increase in neutral salt-soluble, alkali-soluble and insoluble collagens as well as glycoproteins. The hydroxyproline content of the salt-soluble and insoluble collagens in the muscle increased on denervation. These changes are discussed to imply the impairment of the action of specific structural genes.
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Rahaman H. Ectoparasitism in Macaca radiata. Lab Anim Sci 1975; 25:505. [PMID: 1152426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Krishnamoorthy RV, Rahaman H, Srihari K. Biochemical changes in denervated cremaster muscle and its relationship to spermatogenesis in the bonnet monkey. Exp Neurol 1975; 46:389-401. [PMID: 123199 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(75)90143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Rahaman H, Srihari S, Krishnamoorthy RV. Comparative haematology, haemochrmistry and electrocardiography of the slender loris and bonnet monkey. Lab Anim 1975; 9:69-78. [PMID: 804075 DOI: 10.1258/002367775780994880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The famale loris had a higher erythrocyte count than the male whereas in the bonnet monkey the converse occurred. Sex differences were seen in the neutrophil and leucocyte counts, but not in the eosinophils and monocytes. The loris exhibited high potassium, magnesium, chloride and sulphate levels, while the bonnet monkey showed a relatively high level of sugar and haemoglobin. The loris showed higher percentages of blood cholesterol and urea. There were species-dependent variations in the plasma proteins independent of the sex. The electrocardiographic patterns did not reveal sex differences in either animal. However the conventional II lead revealed species specific differences in the duration and the component wave form amplitudes of these animals. The haematological and electrocardiographic differences have been correlated with differences in physiology and physical activity patterns of these animals. The present data suggests that a gradual reduction in the number of lymphocytes and an increase in the number of neutrophils occurred during the course of the evolution of primates.
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Rahaman H, Parthasarathy MD. The role of the olfactory signals in the mating behavior of bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata). Commun Behav Biol 1971; 6:97-104. [PMID: 5002567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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