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Abo-Rady M, Kalmbach N, Pal A, Schludi C, Janosch A, Richter T, Freitag P, Bickle M, Kahlert AK, Petri S, Stefanov S, Glass H, Staege S, Just W, Bhatnagar R, Edbauer D, Hermann A, Wegner F, Sterneckert JL. Knocking out C9ORF72 Exacerbates Axonal Trafficking Defects Associated with Hexanucleotide Repeat Expansion and Reduces Levels of Heat Shock Proteins. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:390-405. [PMID: 32084385 PMCID: PMC7066330 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) motor neurons (MNs) undergo dying-back, where the distal axon degenerates before the soma. The hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) in C9ORF72 is the most common genetic cause of ALS, but the mechanism of pathogenesis is largely unknown with both gain- and loss-of-function mechanisms being proposed. To better understand C9ORF72-ALS pathogenesis, we generated isogenic induced pluripotent stem cells. MNs with HRE in C9ORF72 showed decreased axonal trafficking compared with gene corrected MNs. However, knocking out C9ORF72 did not recapitulate these changes in MNs from healthy controls, suggesting a gain-of-function mechanism. In contrast, knocking out C9ORF72 in MNs with HRE exacerbated axonal trafficking defects and increased apoptosis as well as decreased levels of HSP70 and HSP40, and inhibition of HSPs exacerbated ALS phenotypes in MNs with HRE. Therefore, we propose that the HRE in C9ORF72 induces ALS pathogenesis via a combination of gain- and loss-of-function mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masin Abo-Rady
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Norman Kalmbach
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arun Pal
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carina Schludi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Munich Cluster for System Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Antje Janosch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tanja Richter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Freitag
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Bickle
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne-Karin Kahlert
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Stefanov
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hannes Glass
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht-Kossel", Department of Neurology and Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Selma Staege
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Walter Just
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Edbauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Munich Cluster for System Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht-Kossel", Department of Neurology and Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Florian Wegner
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jared L Sterneckert
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden (CRTD), 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Al Samarai I, Albuquerque IFM, Allekotte I, Allen JD, Allison P, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andrada B, Andringa S, Aramo C, Arqueros F, Arsene N, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Avila G, Badescu AM, Baus C, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Biteau J, Blaess SG, Blanco A, Blazek J, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Borodai N, Botti AM, Brack J, Brancus I, Bretz T, Bridgeman A, Briechle FL, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga B, Caccianiga L, Cancio A, Canfora F, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chavez AG, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chirinos Diaz JC, Chudoba J, Clay RW, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Collica L, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cooper MJ, Coutu S, Covault CE, Cronin J, Dallier R, D'Amico S, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, de Jong SJ, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Souza V, Debatin J, Del Peral L, Deligny O, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Di Matteo A, Díaz Castro ML, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dorofeev A, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Dundovic A, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Erfani M, Escobar CO, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Fang K, Farrar GR, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferguson AP, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fratu O, Freire MM, Fujii T, Fuster A, Gallo F, García B, Garcia-Pinto D, Gate F, Gemmeke H, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Głas D, Glaser C, Glass H, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, González N, Gookin B, Gordon J, Gorgi A, Gorham P, Gouffon P, Griffith N, Grillo AF, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison TA, Harton JL, Hasankiadeh Q, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Herve AE, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hulsman J, Insolia A, Isar PG, Jandt I, Jansen S, Jarne C, Johnsen JA, Josebachuili M, Kääpä A, Kambeitz O, Kampert KH, Kasper P, Katkov I, Keilhauer B, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Krohm N, Kuempel D, Kukec Mezek G, Kunka N, Kuotb Awad A, LaHurd D, Latronico L, Lauscher M, Lautridou P, Lebrun P, Legumina R, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, Lopes L, López R, López Casado A, Lucero A, Malacari M, Mallamaci M, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin V, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Masías Meza JJ, Mathes HJ, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina C, Medina-Tanco G, Mello VBB, Melo D, Menshikov A, Messina S, Micheletti MI, Middendorf L, Minaya IA, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Moura CA, Müller G, Muller MA, Müller S, Naranjo I, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Nguyen PH, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Niemietz L, Niggemann T, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka H, Núñez LA, Ochilo L, Oikonomou F, Olinto A, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Paul T, Pech M, Pedreira F, Pękala J, Pelayo R, Peña-Rodriguez J, Pepe IM, Pereira LAS, Perrone L, Petermann E, Peters C, Petrera S, Phuntsok J, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Plum M, Porowski C, Prado RR, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Rogozin D, Rosado J, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salazar H, Saleh A, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Sanchez-Lucas P, Santos EM, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Scarso C, Schauer M, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schulz A, Schulz J, Schumacher J, Sciutto SJ, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Sima O, Śmiałkowski A, Šmída R, Snow GR, Sommers P, Sonntag S, Sorokin J, Squartini R, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Strafella F, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suarez Durán M, Sudholz T, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Taborda OA, Tapia A, Tepe A, Theodoro VM, Timmermans C, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomankova L, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torralba Elipe G, Torres Machado D, Travnicek P, Trini M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valbuena-Delgado A, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van Aar G, van Bodegom P, van den Berg AM, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Varner G, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walz D, Watson AA, Weber M, Weindl A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Wykes S, Yang L, Yapici T, Yelos D, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zepeda A, Zimmermann B, Ziolkowski M, Zong Z, Zuccarello F. Testing Hadronic Interactions at Ultrahigh Energies with Air Showers Measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:192001. [PMID: 27858429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.192001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh energy cosmic ray air showers probe particle physics at energies beyond the reach of accelerators. Here we introduce a new method to test hadronic interaction models without relying on the absolute energy calibration, and apply it to events with primary energy 6-16 EeV (E_{CM}=110-170 TeV), whose longitudinal development and lateral distribution were simultaneously measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The average hadronic shower is 1.33±0.16 (1.61±0.21) times larger than predicted using the leading LHC-tuned models EPOS-LHC (QGSJetII-04), with a corresponding excess of muons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aab
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
| | - E J Ahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - I Al Samarai
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | | | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - J D Allen
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - P Allison
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A Almela
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - B Andrada
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Italy
| | - F Arqueros
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - N Arsene
- University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Romania
| | - H Asorey
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - J Aublin
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Baus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany
| | - J J Beatty
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - K H Becker
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | | | - C Berat
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - P Billoir
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - J Biteau
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | | | - A Blanco
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - H Blümer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- INFN Laboratori del Gran Sasso, Italy
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Brazil
| | - C Bonifazi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Brazil
| | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland
| | - A M Botti
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - I Brancus
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
| | - T Bretz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - A Bridgeman
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - F L Briechle
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Spain
| | - S Buitink
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M Buscemi
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - L Caccianiga
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - A Cancio
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Canfora
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - R Caruso
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
| | | | - L Cazon
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - R Cester
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - A G Chavez
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - A Chiavassa
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | | | | | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Colalillo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - M R Coluccia
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | | | - S Coutu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Cronin
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - R Dallier
- SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, France
- Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, France
| | - S D'Amico
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Italy
| | - B Daniel
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Argentina
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | | | | | - S J de Jong
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands
| | - G De Mauro
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - I De Mitri
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | | | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - J Debatin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | | | - O Deligny
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - N Dhital
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - C Di Giulio
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - A Di Matteo
- INFN, Sezione di L'Aquila, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica, Italy
| | | | - F Diogo
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - A Dorofeev
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina
| | - A Dundovic
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Germany
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - M Erfani
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - C O Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - J Espadanal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands
- Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - K Fang
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G R Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - N Fazzini
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A P Ferguson
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - A Filevich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - O Fratu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania
| | - M M Freire
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Argentina
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Fuster
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Gallo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM) and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Argentina
| | | | - F Gate
- SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, France
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - U Giaccari
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Brazil
| | | | | | - D Głas
- University of Łódź, Poland
| | - C Glaser
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - H Glass
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Argentina
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - B Gookin
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - J Gordon
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
| | - P Gorham
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - P Gouffon
- Universidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Griffith
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - F Guarino
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Brazil
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | | | - J L Harton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Q Hasankiadeh
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - P Heimann
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - A E Herve
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - N Hollon
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - E Holt
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - P Homola
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland
| | - J R Hörandel
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Czech Republic
| | | | - T Huege
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - J Hulsman
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - A Insolia
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Romania
| | - I Jandt
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - S Jansen
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands
| | - C Jarne
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - M Josebachuili
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - A Kääpä
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - O Kambeitz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - P Kasper
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - I Katkov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - E Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - R M Kieckhafer
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany
| | | | - R Krause
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - N Krohm
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - D Kuempel
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - G Kukec Mezek
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - N Kunka
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany
| | - A Kuotb Awad
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - D LaHurd
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - M Lauscher
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - P Lautridou
- SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, France
| | - P Lebrun
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - K Link
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | | | - A Lucero
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - M Mallamaci
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - P Mantsch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina
| | - V Marin
- SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, France
| | - I C Mariş
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Spain
| | - G Marsella
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - D Martello
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - H Martinez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico
| | | | - J J Masías Meza
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - S Mathys
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - G Matthiae
- Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - D Maurizio
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Brazil
| | - E Mayotte
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - P O Mazur
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - C Medina
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | | | - V B B Mello
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Brazil
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany
| | - S Messina
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Argentina
| | - L Middendorf
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - I A Minaya
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - L Miramonti
- INFN, Sezione di Milano, Italy
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - B Mitrica
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
| | | | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, France
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C A Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil
| | - G Müller
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - M A Muller
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - S Müller
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - I Naranjo
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - S Navas
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Spain
| | - P Necesal
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - A Nelles
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands
| | - J Neuser
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | | | | | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - L Niemietz
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - T Niggemann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- University Prague, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- University Prague, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Czech Republic
| | - H Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Czech Republic
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia
| | - L Ochilo
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - F Oikonomou
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Olinto
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Argentina
| | - P Papenbreer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | - T Paul
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - F Pedreira
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Pękala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), Mexico
| | | | - I M Pepe
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - L Perrone
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - E Petermann
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - C Peters
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - S Petrera
- INFN, Sezione di L'Aquila, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica, Italy
| | - J Phuntsok
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R Piegaia
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - P Pieroni
- Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - M Plum
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - C Porowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland
| | - R R Prado
- Universidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - E J Quel
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Argentina
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - S Quinn
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - O Ravel
- SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, France
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - B Revenu
- SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, France
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - P Ristori
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Argentina
| | - V Rizi
- INFN, Sezione di L'Aquila, Italy
- Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica, Italy
| | | | | | | | - D Rogozin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - J Rosado
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Argentina
| | | | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | - A Saleh
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - F Salesa Greus
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - G Salina
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | | | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - B Sarkar
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | | | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Argentina
| | - C Scarso
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Argentina
| | - M Schauer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - V Scherini
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - O Scholten
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - A Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - J Schulz
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J Schumacher
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina
| | - A Segreto
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy
- INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo, Italy
| | - M Settimo
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - A Shadkam
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Germany
| | - O Sima
- University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Romania
| | | | - R Šmída
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - G R Snow
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - S Sonntag
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | | | | | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | | | - F Strafella
- Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy
| | - A Stutz
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, France
| | - F Suarez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - T Suomijärvi
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Argentina
| | | | - J Swain
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - O A Taborda
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina
| | - A Tapia
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - A Tepe
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - V M Theodoro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil
| | - C Timmermans
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands
| | | | - L Tomankova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Portugal
| | - A Tonachini
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy
- Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | | | - D Torres Machado
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Brazil
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - M Trini
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - M Unger
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - M Urban
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | | | | | - I Valiño
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Valore
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy
| | - G van Aar
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - A M van den Berg
- KVI-Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Netherlands
| | - A van Vliet
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico
| | | | - G Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | | | - R A Vázquez
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - V Verzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic
| | - M Videla
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - L Villaseñor
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - S Vorobiov
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, Argentina
| | - O Wainberg
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Walz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | | | - T Winchen
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
| | - S Wykes
- Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - L Yang
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Yapici
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Yelos
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Zas
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Zepeda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico
| | - B Zimmermann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany
| | - M Ziolkowski
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany
| | - Z Zong
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, France
| | - F Zuccarello
- Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy
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3
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Al Samarai I, Albuquerque IFM, Allekotte I, Allison P, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Ambrosio M, Aminaei A, Anastasi GA, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Aramo C, Arqueros F, Arsene N, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Avila G, Awal N, Badescu AM, Baus C, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blaess SG, Blanco A, Blanco M, Blazek J, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Borodai N, Brack J, Brancus I, Bretz T, Bridgeman A, Brogueira P, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga B, Caccianiga L, Candusso M, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chavez AG, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chudoba J, Cilmo M, Clay RW, Cocciolo G, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Collica L, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cooper MJ, Cordier A, Coutu S, Covault CE, Cronin J, Dallier R, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, de Jong SJ, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Souza V, Del Peral L, Deligny O, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Di Matteo A, Diaz JC, Díaz Castro ML, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, Docters W, D'Olivo JC, Dorofeev A, Dorosti Hasankiadeh Q, Dos Anjos RC, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Erfani M, Escobar CO, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Fang K, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferguson AP, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fratu O, Freire MM, Fujii T, García B, Garcia-Gamez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Gate F, Gemmeke H, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Głas D, Glaser C, Glass H, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale PF, González N, Gookin B, Gordon J, Gorgi A, Gorham P, Gouffon P, Griffith N, Grillo AF, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison TA, Hartmann S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Herve AE, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huber D, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar PG, Jandt I, Jansen S, Jarne C, Johnsen JA, Josebachuili M, Kääpä A, Kambeitz O, Kampert KH, Kasper P, Katkov I, Keilhauer B, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Krohm N, Kuempel D, Kukec Mezek G, Kunka N, Kuotb Awad AW, LaHurd D, Latronico L, Lauer R, Lauscher M, Lautridou P, Le Coz S, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, Lopes L, López R, López Casado A, Louedec K, Lucero A, Malacari M, Mallamaci M, Maller J, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin V, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Martraire D, Masías Meza JJ, Mathes HJ, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina C, Medina-Tanco G, Meissner R, Mello VBB, Melo D, Menshikov A, Messina S, Micheletti MI, Middendorf L, Minaya IA, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Moura CA, Muller MA, Müller G, Müller S, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Nguyen PH, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Niemietz L, Niggemann T, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Núñez LA, Ochilo L, Oikonomou F, Olinto A, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Paul T, Pech M, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Petermann E, Peters C, Petrera S, Petrov Y, Phuntsok J, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Plum M, Porcelli A, Porowski C, Prado RR, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Reinert D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Rogozin D, Rosado J, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salazar H, Saleh A, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez JD, Sánchez F, Sanchez-Lucas P, Santos E, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Scarso C, Schauer M, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder FG, Schulz A, Schulz J, Schumacher J, Sciutto SJ, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard RC, Sigl G, Sima O, Śmiałkowski A, Šmída R, Snow GR, Sommers P, Sonntag S, Sorokin J, Squartini R, Srivastava YN, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suarez Durán M, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Taborda OA, Tapia A, Tepe A, Theodoro VM, Timmermans C, Todero Peixoto CJ, Toma G, Tomankova L, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torralba Elipe G, Torres Machado D, Travnicek P, Trini M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van Aar G, van Bodegom P, van den Berg AM, van Velzen S, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Varner G, Vasquez R, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vlcek B, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walz D, Watson AA, Weber M, Weidenhaupt K, Weindl A, Welling C, Werner F, Widom A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Wykes S, Yang L, Yapici T, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zepeda A, Zimmermann B, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F. Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:241101. [PMID: 27367377 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.241101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8±0.7(stat)±6.7(syst) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principles calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aab
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Abreu
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Aglietta
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - E J Ahn
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - I Al Samarai
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - I F M Albuquerque
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I Allekotte
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P Allison
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A Almela
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Alvarez Castillo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - J Alvarez-Muñiz
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Alves Batista
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Ambrosio
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Aminaei
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - G A Anastasi
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - L Anchordoqui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - S Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Aramo
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - F Arqueros
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Arsene
- University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - H Asorey
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - P Assis
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Aublin
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - G Avila
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N Awal
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A M Badescu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Baus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J J Beatty
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - K H Becker
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J A Bellido
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Berat
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M E Bertaina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - X Bertou
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P L Biermann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - P Billoir
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S G Blaess
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Blanco
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Blanco
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - J Blazek
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Bleve
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - H Blümer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Boháčová
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Boncioli
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - C Bonifazi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - N Borodai
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Brack
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - I Brancus
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - T Bretz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Bridgeman
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Brogueira
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P Buchholz
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A Bueno
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S Buitink
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M Buscemi
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - B Caccianiga
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - L Caccianiga
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M Candusso
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - L Caramete
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - R Caruso
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - A Castellina
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - G Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - L Cazon
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Cester
- Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - A G Chavez
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - A Chiavassa
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - J A Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Chudoba
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Cilmo
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - R W Clay
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - G Cocciolo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - R Colalillo
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Coleman
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - L Collica
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - M R Coluccia
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - R Conceição
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - F Contreras
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M J Cooper
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Cordier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - S Coutu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C E Covault
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Cronin
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - R Dallier
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, Nançay, France
| | - B Daniel
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Dasso
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K Daumiller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B R Dawson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R M de Almeida
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S J de Jong
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G De Mauro
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J R T de Mello Neto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - I De Mitri
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - J de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Del Peral
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Deligny
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - N Dhital
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - C Di Giulio
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - A Di Matteo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell'Università dell'Aquila and INFN, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - J C Diaz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - M L Díaz Castro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Diogo
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - C Dobrigkeit
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W Docters
- KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J C D'Olivo
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - A Dorofeev
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - R C Dos Anjos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M T Dova
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Ebr
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Engel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Erdmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - M Erfani
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - C O Escobar
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Espadanal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Etchegoyen
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Falcke
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - K Fang
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G Farrar
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - A C Fauth
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - A P Ferguson
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - B Fick
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - J M Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filevich
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Filipčič
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - O Fratu
- University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M M Freire
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR) - CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - T Fujii
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - B García
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - D Garcia-Gamez
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | - F Gate
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - H Gemmeke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Gherghel-Lascu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - P L Ghia
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - U Giaccari
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M Giammarchi
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - M Giller
- University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - D Głas
- University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - C Glaser
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - H Glass
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Golup
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M Gómez Berisso
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P F Gómez Vitale
- Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N González
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Gookin
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - J Gordon
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A Gorgi
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - P Gorham
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - P Gouffon
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Griffith
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - A F Grillo
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - T D Grubb
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - F Guarino
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - G P Guedes
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - M R Hampel
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Hansen
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D Harari
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - T A Harrison
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Hartmann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J L Harton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - A Haungs
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Hebbeker
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Heck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Heimann
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - A E Herve
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G C Hill
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - C Hojvat
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - N Hollon
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - E Holt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Homola
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J R Hörandel
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Horvath
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hrabovský
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - D Huber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Huege
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Insolia
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - P G Isar
- Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - I Jandt
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Jansen
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Jarne
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J A Johnsen
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - M Josebachuili
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Kääpä
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - O Kambeitz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K H Kampert
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P Kasper
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - I Katkov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Keilhauer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R M Kieckhafer
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - H O Klages
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Kleifges
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - R Krause
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - N Krohm
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Kuempel
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Kukec Mezek
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - N Kunka
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A W Kuotb Awad
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D LaHurd
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - L Latronico
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - R Lauer
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - M Lauscher
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P Lautridou
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - S Le Coz
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - D Lebrun
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - P Lebrun
- Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | - A Letessier-Selvon
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I Lhenry-Yvon
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - K Link
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Lopes
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R López
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A López Casado
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - K Louedec
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - A Lucero
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Malacari
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Mallamaci
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - J Maller
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D Mandat
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - A G Mariazzi
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - V Marin
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - I C Mariş
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - G Marsella
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - D Martello
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - H Martinez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | | | - D Martraire
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - J J Masías Meza
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H J Mathes
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Mathys
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - G Matthiae
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - D Maurizio
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Mayotte
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | | | - C Medina
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - G Medina-Tanco
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - R Meissner
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - V B B Mello
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - D Melo
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Menshikov
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Messina
- KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - M I Micheletti
- Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR) - CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L Middendorf
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - I A Minaya
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Miramonti
- Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - B Mitrica
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | | | - S Mollerach
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - F Montanet
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - C Morello
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - M Mostafá
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - C A Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M A Muller
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - G Müller
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Müller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Navas
- Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - P Necesal
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nellen
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - A Nelles
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Neuser
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P H Nguyen
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Niculescu-Oglinzanu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - M Niechciol
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - L Niemietz
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T Niggemann
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D Nitz
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - D Nosek
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Novotny
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Nožka
- Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L A Núñez
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - L Ochilo
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - F Oikonomou
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Olinto
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - N Pacheco
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Pakk Selmi-Dei
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Palatka
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pallotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - P Papenbreer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G Parente
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Parra
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - T Paul
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Pech
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Pȩkala
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R Pelayo
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA- IPN), México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - I M Pepe
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - L Perrone
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - E Petermann
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - C Peters
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Petrera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell'Università dell'Aquila and INFN, L'Aquila, Italy
- Gran Sasso Science Institute (INFN), L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Y Petrov
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - J Phuntsok
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - R Piegaia
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T Pierog
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Pieroni
- Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Pimenta
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - V Pirronello
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - M Platino
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Plum
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Porcelli
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Porowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R R Prado
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P Privitera
- University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Prouza
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E J Quel
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - S Querchfeld
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S Quinn
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J Rautenberg
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - O Ravel
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D Ravignani
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Reinert
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - B Revenu
- SUBATECH, école des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J Ridky
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Risse
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - P Ristori
- Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Argentina
| | - V Rizi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell'Università dell'Aquila and INFN, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | | | - D Rogozin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Rosado
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Roth
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E Roulet
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A C Rovero
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S J Saffi
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A Saftoiu
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - H Salazar
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Saleh
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - F Salesa Greus
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - G Salina
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Sánchez
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - E Santos
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E M Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Sarazin
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - B Sarkar
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R Sarmento
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - R Sato
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - C Scarso
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M Schauer
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - V Scherini
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi" dell'Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - H Schieler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O Scholten
- KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - P Schovánek
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F G Schröder
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Schulz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Schulz
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J Schumacher
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S J Sciutto
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Segreto
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
| | - M Settimo
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A Shadkam
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - R C Shellard
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - G Sigl
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O Sima
- University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - R Šmída
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G R Snow
- University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - P Sommers
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - S Sonntag
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - J Sorokin
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R Squartini
- Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | | | - D Stanca
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - S Stanič
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | - J Stasielak
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Stephan
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Stutz
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - F Suarez
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Suarez Durán
- Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - T Suomijärvi
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - A D Supanitsky
- Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - J Swain
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - O A Taborda
- Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A Tapia
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Tepe
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - V M Theodoro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Timmermans
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C J Todero Peixoto
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Toma
- "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - L Tomankova
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Tomé
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Tonachini
- Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - G Torralba Elipe
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Torres Machado
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P Travnicek
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Trini
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - R Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Unger
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Urban
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J F Valdés Galicia
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - I Valiño
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Valore
- Università di Napoli "Federico II" and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - G van Aar
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - P van Bodegom
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - A M van den Berg
- KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - S van Velzen
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A van Vliet
- Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Varela
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - B Vargas Cárdenas
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - G Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - R Vasquez
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J R Vázquez
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - R A Vázquez
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Veberič
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - V Verzi
- Università di Roma II "Tor Vergata" and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - J Vicha
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Videla
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Villaseñor
- Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - B Vlcek
- Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Vorobiov
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H Wahlberg
- IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - O Wainberg
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Walz
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A A Watson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - M Weber
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K Weidenhaupt
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Weindl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Welling
- RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - F Werner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Widom
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Wiencke
- Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
| | - H Wilczyński
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - T Winchen
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D Wittkowski
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Fachbereich C - Physik, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B Wundheiler
- Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Wykes
- IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - L Yang
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - T Yapici
- Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - A Yushkov
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - E Zas
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M Zavrtanik
- Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Zepeda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - B Zimmermann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Ziolkowski
- Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
| | - F Zuccarello
- Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
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Glass H, Molina A, Guimarães A, Berigo G, Neves M. What should I ask to know if my patient needs a diagnostic (respiratory) polysomnography (PSG)? Sleep Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.02.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Samarai IA, Albuquerque IFM, Allekotte I, Allen J, Allison P, Almela A, Castillo JA, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Batista RA, Ambrosio M, Aminaei A, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Aramo C, Aranda VM, Arqueros F, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Ave M, Avenier M, Avila G, Awal N, Badescu AM, Barber KB, Bäuml J, Baus C, Beatty JJ, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Berat C, Bertaina ME, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blaess S, Blanco M, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Borodai N, Brack J, Brancus I, Bridgeman A, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora KS, Caccianiga B, Caccianiga L, Candusso M, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chavez AG, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chudoba J, Cilmo M, Clay RW, Cocciolo G, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Collica L, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cooper MJ, Cordier A, Coutu S, Covault CE, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dallier R, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, Almeida RMD, Domenico MD, Jong SJD, Neto JRTDM, Mitri ID, Oliveira JD, Souza VD, Peral LD, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Giulio CD, Matteo AD, Diaz JC, Castro MLD, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, Docters W, D’Olivo JC, Dorofeev A, Hasankiadeh QD, Dova MT, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Erfani M, Escobar CO, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Luis PFS, Falcke H, Fang K, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferguson AP, Fernandes M, Fick B, Figueira JM, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fox BD, Fratu O, Fröhlich U, Fuchs B, Fujii T, Gaior R, García B, Roca STG, Garcia-Gamez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Garilli G, Bravo AG, Gate F, Gemmeke H, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Glaser C, Glass H, Berisso MG, Vitale PFG, Gonçalves P, Gonzalez JG, González N, Gookin B, Gordon J, Gorgi A, Gorham P, Gouffon P, Grebe S, Griffith N, Grillo AF, Grubb TD, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Hampel MR, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison TA, Hartmann S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Herve AE, Hill GC, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huber D, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar PG, Jandt I, Jansen S, Jarne C, Josebachuili M, Kääpä A, Kambeitz O, Kampert KH, Kasper P, Katkov I, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Keivani A, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Krohm N, Krömer O, Kruppke-Hansen D, Kuempel D, Kunka N, LaHurd D, Latronico L, Lauer R, Lauscher M, Lautridou P, Coz SL, Leão MSAB, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Oliveira MALD, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, López R, Agüera AL, Louedec K, Bahilo JL, Lu L, Lucero A, Ludwig M, Malacari M, Maldera S, Mallamaci M, Maller J, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin V, Mariş IC, Marsella G, Martello D, Martin L, Martinez H, Bravo OM, Martraire D, Meza JJM, Mathes HJ, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurel D, Maurizio D, Mayotte E, Mazur PO, Medina C, Medina-Tanco G, Meissner R, Melissas M, Melo D, Menshikov A, Messina S, Meyhandan R, Mićanović S, Micheletti MI, Middendorf L, Minaya IA, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Ragaigne DM, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Moura CA, Muller MA, Müller G, Müller S, Münchmeyer M, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Nguyen P, Niechciol M, Niemietz L, Niggemann T, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Ochilo L, Olinto A, Oliveira M, Pacheco N, Selmi-Dei DP, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Palmieri N, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Paul T, Pech M, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Petermann E, Peters C, Petrera S, Petrov Y, Phuntsok J, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Plum M, Porcelli A, Porowski C, Prado RR, Privitera P, Prouza M, Purrello V, Quel EJ, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Carvalho WRD, Cabo IR, Fernandez GR, Rojo JR, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Rogozin D, Ros G, Rosado J, Rossler T, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Saffi SJ, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Saleh A, Greus FS, Salina G, Sánchez F, Sanchez-Lucas P, Santo CE, Santos E, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarmento R, Sato R, Scharf N, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schiffer P, Schmidt D, Schröder FG, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schulz A, Schulz J, Schumacher J, Sciutto SJ, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Sigl G, Sima O, kowski AŚ, Šmída R, Snow GR, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Squartini R, Srivastava YN, Stanič S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Szuba M, Taborda OA, Tapia A, Tartare M, Tepe A, Theodoro VM, Timmermans C, Peixoto CJT, Toma G, Tomankova L, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Elipe GT, Machado DT, Travnicek P, Trovato E, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Galicia JFV, Valiño I, Valore L, Aar GV, Bodegom PV, Berg AMVD, Velzen SV, Vliet AV, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Varner G, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vlcek B, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walz D, Watson AA, Weber M, Weidenhaupt K, Weindl A, Werner F, Widom A, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Will M, Williams C, Winchen T, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Wykes S, Yamamoto T, Yapici T, Yuan G, Yushkov A, Zamorano B, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zaw I, Zepeda A, Zhou J, Zhu Y, Silva MZ, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F. Search for patterns by combining cosmic-ray energy and arrival directions at the Pierre Auger Observatory. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2015; 75:269. [PMID: 26120280 PMCID: PMC4477714 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3471-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Energy-dependent patterns in the arrival directions of cosmic rays are searched for using data of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We investigate local regions around the highest-energy cosmic rays with [Formula: see text] eV by analyzing cosmic rays with energies above [Formula: see text] eV arriving within an angular separation of approximately 15[Formula: see text]. We characterize the energy distributions inside these regions by two independent methods, one searching for angular dependence of energy-energy correlations and one searching for collimation of energy along the local system of principal axes of the energy distribution. No significant patterns are found with this analysis. The comparison of these measurements with astrophysical scenarios can therefore be used to obtain constraints on related model parameters such as strength of cosmic-ray deflection and density of point sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Aab
- />Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - P. Abreu
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M. Aglietta
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | | | - I. Al Samarai
- />Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | - I. Allekotte
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - J. Allen
- />New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - P. Allison
- />Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - A. Almela
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- />Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - J. Alvarez-Muñiz
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - M. Ambrosio
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Aminaei
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - L. Anchordoqui
- />Department of Physics and Astronomy, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - S. Andringa
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C. Aramo
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - V. M. Aranda
- />Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - F. Arqueros
- />Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - H. Asorey
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P. Assis
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. Aublin
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M. Ave
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Avenier
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - G. Avila
- />Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N. Awal
- />New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - A. M. Badescu
- />University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - K. B. Barber
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - J. Bäuml
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C. Baus
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - K. H. Becker
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - C. Berat
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. E. Bertaina
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - X. Bertou
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P. L. Biermann
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - P. Billoir
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - S. Blaess
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - M. Blanco
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - C. Bleve
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - H. Blümer
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Boháčová
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D. Boncioli
- />INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, L’Aquila Italy
| | - C. Bonifazi
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - R. Bonino
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - N. Borodai
- />Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - J. Brack
- />Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - I. Brancus
- />’Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - A. Bridgeman
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Brogueira
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - A. Bueno
- />Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - S. Buitink
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - M. Buscemi
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - K. S. Caballero-Mora
- />Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico, Mexico
| | - B. Caccianiga
- />Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - L. Caccianiga
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - M. Candusso
- />Università di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - L. Caramete
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - R. Caruso
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - A. Castellina
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - G. Cataldi
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - L. Cazon
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R. Cester
- />Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - A. G. Chavez
- />Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan Mexico
| | - A. Chiavassa
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | | | - J. Chudoba
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Cilmo
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - R. W. Clay
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - G. Cocciolo
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - R. Colalillo
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - A. Coleman
- />Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - L. Collica
- />Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - M. R. Coluccia
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - R. Conceição
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - F. Contreras
- />Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - M. J. Cooper
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - A. Cordier
- />Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - S. Coutu
- />Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - C. E. Covault
- />Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - J. Cronin
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - A. Curutiu
- />Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
| | - R. Dallier
- />Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, Nançay, France
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - B. Daniel
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - S. Dasso
- />Departamento de Física, FCEyN Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- />Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - K. Daumiller
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B. R. Dawson
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - R. M. de Almeida
- />Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ Brazil
| | - M. De Domenico
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - S. J. de Jong
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. R. T. de Mello Neto
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - I. De Mitri
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - J. de Oliveira
- />Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, RJ Brazil
| | - V. de Souza
- />Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - L. del Peral
- />Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain
| | - O. Deligny
- />Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - H. Dembinski
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N. Dhital
- />Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | - C. Di Giulio
- />Università di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - A. Di Matteo
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell’Università dell’Aquila and INFN, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - J. C. Diaz
- />Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | | | - F. Diogo
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C. Dobrigkeit
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - W. Docters
- />KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - J. C. D’Olivo
- />Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - A. Dorofeev
- />Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. T. Dova
- />IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - J. Ebr
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R. Engel
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Erdmann
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Erfani
- />Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - C. O. Escobar
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
- />Fermilab, Batavia, IL USA
| | - J. Espadanal
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A. Etchegoyen
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- />Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - H. Falcke
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- />ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands
| | - K. Fang
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - G. Farrar
- />New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - A. C. Fauth
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | | | | | - M. Fernandes
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - B. Fick
- />Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | - J. M. Figueira
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Filevich
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Filipčič
- />Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- />Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - B. D. Fox
- />University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - O. Fratu
- />University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - B. Fuchs
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T. Fujii
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - R. Gaior
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - B. García
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM) and National Technological University, Faculty Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - S. T. Garcia Roca
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D. Garcia-Gamez
- />Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | | | - G. Garilli
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | | | - F. Gate
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - H. Gemmeke
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. L. Ghia
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - U. Giaccari
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - M. Giammarchi
- />Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | | | - C. Glaser
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - M. Gómez Berisso
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - P. F. Gómez Vitale
- />Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - P. Gonçalves
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. G. Gonzalez
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - N. González
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B. Gookin
- />Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - J. Gordon
- />Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - A. Gorgi
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - P. Gorham
- />University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - P. Gouffon
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - S. Grebe
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - A. F. Grillo
- />INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, L’Aquila Italy
| | - T. D. Grubb
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - F. Guarino
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - G. P. Guedes
- />Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - M. R. Hampel
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P. Hansen
- />IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - D. Harari
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | | | - S. Hartmann
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - J. L. Harton
- />Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - A. Haungs
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T. Hebbeker
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D. Heck
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - A. E. Herve
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. C. Hill
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | | | - N. Hollon
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - E. Holt
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Homola
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J. R. Hörandel
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P. Horvath
- />Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M. Hrabovský
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- />Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - D. Huber
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T. Huege
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Insolia
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - P. G. Isar
- />Institute of Space Sciences, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - I. Jandt
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S. Jansen
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C. Jarne
- />IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M. Josebachuili
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Kääpä
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - O. Kambeitz
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K. H. Kampert
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - I. Katkov
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B. Kégl
- />Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - B. Keilhauer
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Keivani
- />Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - E. Kemp
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | | | - H. O. Klages
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Kleifges
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - R. Krause
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Krohm
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - O. Krömer
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - D. Kuempel
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - N. Kunka
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D. LaHurd
- />Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - L. Latronico
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - R. Lauer
- />University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - M. Lauscher
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - P. Lautridou
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - S. Le Coz
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. S. A. B. Leão
- />Faculdade Independente do Nordeste, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - D. Lebrun
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - A. Letessier-Selvon
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - I. Lhenry-Yvon
- />Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - K. Link
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R. López
- />Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A. Lopez Agüera
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - K. Louedec
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | - L. Lu
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A. Lucero
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Ludwig
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Malacari
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - S. Maldera
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - M. Mallamaci
- />Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - J. Maller
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D. Mandat
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - A. G. Mariazzi
- />IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - V. Marin
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - I. C. Mariş
- />Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - G. Marsella
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - D. Martello
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - L. Martin
- />Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS/INSU, Nançay, France
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - H. Martinez
- />Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - D. Martraire
- />Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - J. J. Masías Meza
- />Departamento de Física, FCEyN Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H. J. Mathes
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Mathys
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - J. Matthews
- />Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | | | - G. Matthiae
- />Università di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - D. Maurel
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D. Maurizio
- />Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - E. Mayotte
- />Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO USA
| | | | - C. Medina
- />Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO USA
| | - G. Medina-Tanco
- />Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - R. Meissner
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - M. Melissas
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - D. Melo
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A. Menshikov
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S. Messina
- />KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - S. Mićanović
- />Rudjer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M. I. Micheletti
- />Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR), CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
| | - L. Middendorf
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - I. A. Minaya
- />Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Miramonti
- />Università di Milano and Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy
| | - B. Mitrica
- />’Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | | | - S. Mollerach
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - M. Monasor
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - D. Monnier Ragaigne
- />Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - F. Montanet
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - C. Morello
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - M. Mostafá
- />Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - C. A. Moura
- />Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP Brazil
| | - M. A. Muller
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
- />Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - G. Müller
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S. Müller
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Münchmeyer
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - R. Mussa
- />Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - G. Navarra
- />Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - S. Navas
- />Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - P. Necesal
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L. Nellen
- />Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
| | - A. Nelles
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - J. Neuser
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - P. Nguyen
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | | | - L. Niemietz
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T. Niggemann
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - D. Nitz
- />Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | - D. Nosek
- />Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. Novotny
- />Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L. Nožka
- />Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L. Ochilo
- />Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - A. Olinto
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - M. Oliveira
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - N. Pacheco
- />Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain
| | | | - M. Palatka
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Pallotta
- />Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N. Palmieri
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Papenbreer
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - G. Parente
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A. Parra
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - T. Paul
- />Department of Physics and Astronomy, City University of New York, New York, USA
- />Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - M. Pech
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Pȩkala
- />Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R. Pelayo
- />Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - I. M. Pepe
- />Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA Brazil
| | - L. Perrone
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - C. Peters
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S. Petrera
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell’Università dell’Aquila and INFN, L’Aquila, Italy
- />Gran Sasso Science Institute (INFN), L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Y. Petrov
- />Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - J. Phuntsok
- />Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - R. Piegaia
- />Departamento de Física, FCEyN Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T. Pierog
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Pieroni
- />Departamento de Física, FCEyN Universidad de Buenos Aires y CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Pimenta
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - V. Pirronello
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - M. Platino
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Plum
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Porcelli
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C. Porowski
- />Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - R. R. Prado
- />Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - P. Privitera
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - M. Prouza
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V. Purrello
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - E. J. Quel
- />Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. Querchfeld
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - S. Quinn
- />Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - J. Rautenberg
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - O. Ravel
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D. Ravignani
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B. Revenu
- />SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J. Ridky
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S. Riggi
- />Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M. Risse
- />Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - P. Ristori
- />Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V. Rizi
- />Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche dell’Università dell’Aquila and INFN, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - I. Rodriguez Cabo
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - G. Rodriguez Fernandez
- />Università di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - D. Rogozin
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. Ros
- />Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain
| | - J. Rosado
- />Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - T. Rossler
- />Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M. Roth
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - E. Roulet
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A. C. Rovero
- />Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. J. Saffi
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - A. Saftoiu
- />’Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - F. Salamida
- />Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - H. Salazar
- />Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A. Saleh
- />Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | - G. Salina
- />Università di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - F. Sánchez
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - C. E. Santo
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - E. Santos
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - E. M. Santos
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - F. Sarazin
- />Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO USA
| | - B. Sarkar
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - R. Sarmento
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R. Sato
- />Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | - N. Scharf
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - V. Scherini
- />Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi” dell’Università del Salento and Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy
| | - H. Schieler
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - D. Schmidt
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F. G. Schröder
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O. Scholten
- />KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - H. Schoorlemmer
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- />University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - P. Schovánek
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A. Schulz
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J. Schulz
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J. Schumacher
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - S. J. Sciutto
- />IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A. Segreto
- />Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy
| | - M. Settimo
- />Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
| | - A. Shadkam
- />Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - R. C. Shellard
- />Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - I. Sidelnik
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - G. Sigl
- />Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - O. Sima
- />Physics Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - R. Šmída
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G. R. Snow
- />University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA
| | - P. Sommers
- />Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - J. Sorokin
- />University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - R. Squartini
- />Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina
| | | | - S. Stanič
- />Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | - J. Stasielak
- />Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
| | - M. Stephan
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Stutz
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - F. Suarez
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T. Suomijärvi
- />Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - A. D. Supanitsky
- />Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - J. Swain
- />Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - M. Szuba
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - O. A. Taborda
- />Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A. Tapia
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Tartare
- />Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - A. Tepe
- />Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - V. M. Theodoro
- />Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - C. Timmermans
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- />Nikhef, Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - G. Toma
- />’Horia Hulubei’ National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - L. Tomankova
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B. Tomé
- />Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A. Tonachini
- />Università di Torino and Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy
| | - G. Torralba Elipe
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D. Torres Machado
- />Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - P. Travnicek
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E. Trovato
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - M. Tueros
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R. Ulrich
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Unger
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M. Urban
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - I. Valiño
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L. Valore
- />Università di Napoli “Federico II” and Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy
| | - G. van Aar
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - A. M. van den Berg
- />KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - S. van Velzen
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - E. Varela
- />Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - G. Varner
- />University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI USA
| | | | - R. A. Vázquez
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D. Veberič
- />Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
| | - V. Verzi
- />Università di Roma II “Tor Vergata” and Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy
| | - J. Vicha
- />Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Videla
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L. Villaseñor
- />Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan Mexico
| | - B. Vlcek
- />Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid Spain
| | - S. Vorobiov
- />Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - H. Wahlberg
- />IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - O. Wainberg
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- />Universidad Tecnológica Nacional - Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D. Walz
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A. A. Watson
- />School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M. Weber
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - K. Weidenhaupt
- />RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
| | - A. Weindl
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - F. Werner
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus South - Institut für Experimentelle, Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A. Widom
- />Northeastern University, Boston, MA USA
| | - L. Wiencke
- />Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO USA
| | | | | | - M. Will
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C. Williams
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - T. Winchen
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - D. Wittkowski
- />Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - B. Wundheiler
- />Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. Wykes
- />IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - T. Yamamoto
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - T. Yapici
- />Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA
| | - G. Yuan
- />Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | | | - B. Zamorano
- />Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
| | - E. Zas
- />Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - D. Zavrtanik
- />Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- />Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M. Zavrtanik
- />Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- />Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - I. Zaw
- />New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - A. Zepeda
- />Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico, Mexico
| | - J. Zhou
- />Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Y. Zhu
- />Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - Campus North - Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | - F. Zuccarello
- />Università di Catania and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
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6
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Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn E, Al Samarai I, Albuquerque I, Allekotte I, Allen J, Allison P, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Ambrosio M, Aminaei A, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Aramo C, Aranda V, Arqueros F, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Ave M, Avenier M, Avila G, Badescu A, Barber K, Bäuml J, Baus C, Beatty J, Becker K, Bellido J, Berat C, Bertaina M, Bertou X, Biermann P, Billoir P, Blanco M, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Borodai N, Brack J, Brancus I, Brogueira P, Brown W, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora K, Caccianiga B, Caccianiga L, Candusso M, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chavez A, Chiavassa A, Chinellato J, Chudoba J, Cilmo M, Clay R, Cocciolo G, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Collica L, Coluccia M, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cooper M, Cordier A, Coutu S, Covault C, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dallier R, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson B, de Almeida R, De Domenico M, de Jong S, de Mello Neto J, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Souza V, del Peral L, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Di Matteo A, Diaz J, Díaz Castro M, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, Docters W, D’Olivo J, Dorofeev A, Dorosti Hasankiadeh Q, Dova M, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Erfani M, Escobar C, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Facal San Luis P, Falcke H, Fang K, Farrar G, Fauth A, Fazzini N, Ferguson A, Fernandes M, Fick B, Figueira J, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fox B, Fratu O, Fröhlich U, Fuchs B, Fujii T, Gaior R, García B, Garcia Roca S, Garcia-Gamez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Garilli G, Gascon Bravo A, Gate F, Gemmeke H, Ghia P, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Glaser C, Glass H, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale P, Gonçalves P, Gonzalez J, González N, Gookin B, Gordon J, Gorgi A, Gorham P, Gouffon P, Grebe S, Griffith N, Grillo A, Grubb T, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes G, Hampel M, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison T, Hartmann S, Harton J, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Herve A, Hill G, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel J, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huber D, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar P, Islo K, Jandt I, Jansen S, Jarne C, Josebachuili M, Kääpä A, Kambeitz O, Kampert K, Kasper P, Katkov I, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Keivani A, Kemp E, Kieckhafer R, Klages H, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Krohm N, Krömer O, Kruppke-Hansen D, Kuempel D, Kunka N, LaHurd D, Latronico L, Lauer R, Lauscher M, Lautridou P, Le Coz S, Leão M, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Leigui de Oliveira M, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, López R, Louedec K, Lozano Bahilo J, Lu L, Lucero A, Ludwig M, Malacari M, Maldera S, Mallamaci M, Maller J, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi A, Marin V, Mariş I, Marsella G, Martello D, Martin L, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Martraire D, Masías Meza J, Mathes H, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthews J, Matthiae G, Maurel D, Maurizio D, Mayotte E, Mazur P, Medina C, Medina-Tanco G, Melissas M, Melo D, Menshikov A, Messina S, Meyhandan R, Mićanović S, Micheletti M, Middendorf L, Minaya I, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Monnier Ragaigne D, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Moura C, Muller M, Müller G, Münchmeyer M, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Newton D, Niechciol M, Niemietz L, Niggemann T, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Ochilo L, Olinto A, Oliveira M, Olmos-Gilbaja V, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Palmieri N, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Paul T, Pech M, Pękala J, Pelayo R, Pepe I, Perrone L, Petermann E, Peters C, Petrera S, Petrov Y, Phuntsok J, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Plum M, Porcelli A, Porowski C, Prado R, Privitera P, Prouza M, Purrello V, Quel E, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Roberts J, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Fernandez G, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodríguez-Frías M, Ros G, Rosado J, Rossler T, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero A, Saffi S, Saftoiu A, Salamida F, Salazar H, Saleh A, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sánchez F, Sanchez-Lucas P, Santo C, Santos E, Santos E, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarmento R, Sato R, Scharf N, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schiffer P, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder F, Schulz A, Schulz J, Schumacher J, Sciutto S, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard R, Sidelnik I, Sigl G, Sima O, Śmiałkowski A, Šmída R, Snow G, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Squartini R, Srivastava Y, Stanič S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky A, Sutherland M, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Szuba M, Taborda O, Tapia A, Tartare M, Tepe A, Theodoro V, Timmermans C, Todero Peixoto C, Toma G, Tomankova L, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torralba Elipe G, Torres Machado D, Travnicek P, Trovato E, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia J, Valiño I, Valore L, van Aar G, van den Berg A, van Velzen S, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Varner G, Vázquez J, Vázquez R, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vlcek B, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walz D, Watson A, Weber M, Weidenhaupt K, Weindl A, Werner F, Widom A, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Will M, Williams C, Winchen T, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Wykes S, Yamamoto T, Yapici T, Younk P, Yuan G, Yushkov A, Zamorano B, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zaw I, Zepeda A, Zhou J, Zhu Y, Zimbres Silva M, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F. Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Mean number in highly inclined events. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.91.032003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Albuquerque IFM, Allard D, Allekotte I, Allen J, Allison P, Almeda A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Aminaei A, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Antičić T, Aramo C, Arganda E, Arqueros F, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Ave M, Avenier M, Avila G, Bäcker T, Balzer M, Barber KB, Barbosa AF, Bardenet R, Barroso SLC, Baughman B, Bäuml J, Beatty JJ, Becker BR, Becker KH, Bellétoile A, Bellido JA, Benzvi S, Berat C, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blanco F, Blanco M, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Borodai N, Brack J, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Bruijn R, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Burton RE, Caballero-Mora KS, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalano O, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chauvin J, Cheng SH, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chirinos Diaz J, Chudoba J, Clay RW, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cook H, Cooper MJ, Coppens J, Cordier A, Coutu S, Covault CE, Creusot A, Criss A, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dagoret-Campagne S, Dallier R, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, De Domenico M, De Donato C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega G, de Mello Junior WJM, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Souza V, de Vries KD, Decerprit G, del Peral L, del Río M, Deligny O, Dembinski H, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Díaz Castro ML, Diep PN, Dobrigkeit C, Docters W, D'Olivo JC, Dong PN, Dorofeev A, dos Anjos JC, Dova MT, D'Urso D, Dutan I, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Facal San Luis P, Fajardo Tapia I, Falcke H, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferguson AP, Ferrero A, Fick B, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fliescher S, Fracchiolla CE, Fraenkel ED, Fröhlich U, Fuchs B, Gaior R, Gamarra RF, Gambetta S, García B, Garcia-Gamez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Gascon A, Gemmeke H, Gesterling K, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giller M, Glass H, Gold MS, Golup G, Gomez Albarracin F, Gómez Berisso M, Gonçalves P, Gonzalez D, Gonzalez JG, Gookin B, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gouffon P, Gozzini SR, Grashorn E, Grebe S, Griffith N, Grigat M, Grillo AF, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Guzman A, Hague JD, Hansen P, Harari D, Harmsma S, Harrison TA, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Herve AE, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holmes VC, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horneffer A, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Insolia A, Ionita F, Italiano A, Jarne C, Jiraskova S, Josebachuili M, Kadija K, Kampert KH, Karhan P, Kasper P, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Keivani A, Kelley JL, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapp J, Koang DH, Kotera K, Krohm N, Krömer O, Kruppke-Hansen D, Kuehn F, Kuempel D, Kulbartz JK, Kunka N, La Rosa G, Lachaud C, Lauer R, Lautridou P, Le Coz S, Leão MSAB, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lemiere A, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, López R, Lopez Agüera A, Louedec K, Lozano Bahilo J, Lu L, Lucero A, Ludwig M, Lyberis H, Macolino C, Maldera S, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin J, Marin V, Maris IC, Marquez Falcon HR, Marsella G, Martello D, Martin L, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mazur PO, Medina-Tanco G, Melissas M, Melo D, Menichetti E, Menshikov A, Mertsch P, Meurer C, Mićanović S, Micheletti MI, Miller W, Miramonti L, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Monnier Ragaigne D, Montanet F, Morales B, Morello C, Moreno E, Moreno JC, Morris C, Mostafá M, Moura CA, Mueller S, Muller MA, Müller G, Münchmeyer M, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navarro JL, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Nhung PT, Niemietz L, Nierstenhoefer N, Nitz D, Nosek D, Nožka L, Nyklicek M, Oehlschläger J, Olinto A, Olmos-Gilbaja VM, Ortiz M, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Palmieri N, Parente G, Parizot E, Parra A, Parsons RD, Pastor S, Paul T, Pech M, Pekala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Pesce R, Petermann E, Petrera S, Petrinca P, Petrolini A, Petrov Y, Petrovic J, Pfendner C, Phan N, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Ponce VH, Pontz M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Querchfeld S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Ristori P, Rivera H, Rizi V, Roberts J, Robledo C, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez G, Rodriguez Martino J, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodriguez-Cabo I, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Ros G, Rosado J, Rossler T, Roth M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil B, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Rühle C, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sánchez F, Santo CE, Santos E, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarkar S, Sato R, Scharf N, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schiffer P, Schmidt A, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovancova J, Schovánek P, Schröder F, Schulte S, Schuster D, Sciutto SJ, Scuderi M, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Sigl G, Silva Lopez HH, Smiałkowski A, Smída R, Snow GR, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Spinka H, Squartini R, Stanic S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Suša T, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Szuba M, Tamashiro A, Tapia A, Tartare M, Taşcău O, Tavera Ruiz CG, Tcaciuc R, Tegolo D, Thao NT, Thomas D, Tiffenberg J, Timmermans C, Tiwari DK, Tkaczyk W, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Travnicek P, Tridapalli DB, Tristram G, Trovato E, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van den Berg AM, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Wahlberg H, Wahrlich P, Wainberg O, Walz D, Warner D, Watson AA, Weber M, Weidenhaupt K, Weindl A, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Wieczorek G, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Will M, Williams C, Winchen T, Winnick MG, Wommer M, Wundheiler B, Yamamoto T, Yapici T, Younk P, Yuan G, Yushkov A, Zamorano B, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zaw I, Zepeda A, Zhu Y, Zimbres Silva M, Ziolkowski M. Measurement of the proton-air cross section at √s=57 TeV with the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:062002. [PMID: 23006259 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.062002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a measurement of the proton-air cross section for particle production at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon of 57 TeV. This is derived from the distribution of the depths of shower maxima observed with the Pierre Auger Observatory: systematic uncertainties are studied in detail. Analyzing the tail of the distribution of the shower maxima, a proton-air cross section of [505±22(stat)(-36)(+28)(syst)] mb is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abreu
- LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Löhle M, Hermann A, Glass H, Kempe A, Schwarz SC, Kim JB, Poulet C, Ravens U, Schwarz J, Schöler HR, Storch A. Differentiation efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cells depends on the number of reprogramming factors. Stem Cells 2012; 30:570-9. [PMID: 22213586 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by retroviral overexpression of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc holds great promise for the development of personalized cell replacement therapies. In an attempt to minimize the risk for chromosomal disruption and to simplify reprogramming, several studies demonstrated that a reduced set of reprogramming factors is sufficient to generate iPSC, albeit at lower efficiency. To elucidate the influence of factor reduction on subsequent differentiation, we compared the efficiency of neuronal differentiation in iPSC generated from postnatal murine neural stem cells with either one (Oct4; iPSC(1F-NSC) ), two (Oct4, Klf4; iPSC(2F-NSC) ), or all four factors (iPSC(4F-NSC) ) with those of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and iPSC produced from fibroblasts with all four factors (iPSC(4F-MEF) ). After 2 weeks of coculture with PA6 stromal cells, neuronal differentiation of iPSC(1F-NSC) and iPSC(2F-NSC) was less efficient compared with iPSC(4F-NSC) and ESC, yielding lower proportions of colonies that stained positive for early and late neuronal markers. Electrophysiological analyses after 4 weeks of differentiation identified functional maturity in neurons differentiated from ESC, iPSC(2F-NSC) , iPSC(4F-NSC) , and iPSC(4F-MEF) but not in those from iPSC(1F-NSC) . Similar results were obtained after hematoendothelial differentiation on OP9 bone marrow stromal cells, where factor-reduced iPSC generated lower proportions of colonies with hematoendothelial progenitors than colonies of ESC, iPSC(4F-NSC) , and iPSC(4F-MEF) . We conclude that a reduction of reprogramming factors does not only reduce reprogramming efficiency but may also worsen subsequent differentiation and hinder future application of iPSC in cell replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Löhle
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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Block AJ, McQuillen PS, Chau V, Glass H, Poskitt KJ, Barkovich AJ, Esch M, Soulikias W, Azakie A, Campbell A, Miller SP. Clinically silent preoperative brain injuries do not worsen with surgery in neonates with congenital heart disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010; 140:550-7. [PMID: 20434174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preoperative brain injury, particularly stroke and white matter injury, is common in neonates with congenital heart disease. The objective of this study was to determine the risk of hemorrhage or extension of preoperative brain injury with cardiac surgery. METHODS This dual-center prospective cohort study recruited 92 term neonates, 62 with transposition of the great arteries and 30 with single ventricle physiology, from 2 tertiary referral centers. Neonates underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans before and after cardiac surgery. RESULTS Brain injury was identified in 40 (43%) neonates on the preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan (median 5 days after birth): stroke in 23, white matter injury in 21, and intraventricular hemorrhage in 7. None of the brain lesions presented clinically with overt signs or seizures. Preoperative brain injury was associated with balloon atrial septostomy (P = .003) and lowest arterial oxygen saturation (P = .007); in a multivariable model, only the effect of balloon atrial septostomy remained significant when adjusting for lowest arterial oxygen saturation. On postoperative magnetic resonance imaging in 78 neonates (median 21 days after birth), none of the preoperative lesions showed evidence of extension or hemorrhagic transformation (0/40 [95% confidence interval: 0%-7%]). The presence of preoperative brain injury was not a significant risk factor for acquiring new injury on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (P = .8). CONCLUSIONS Clinically silent brain injuries identified preoperatively in neonates with congenital heart disease, including stroke, have a low risk of progression with surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass and should therefore not delay clinically indicated cardiac surgery. In this multicenter cohort, balloon atrial septostomy remains an important risk factor for preoperative brain injury, particularly stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Block
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Abraham J, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn EJ, Allard D, Allekotte I, Allen J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Anticić T, Anzalone A, Aramo C, Arganda E, Arisaka K, Arqueros F, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Ave M, Avila G, Bäcker T, Badagnani D, Balzer M, Barber KB, Barbosa AF, Barroso SLC, Baughman B, Bauleo P, Beatty JJ, Becker BR, Becker KH, Bellétoile A, Bellido JA, Benzvi S, Berat C, Bergmann T, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blanch-Bigas O, Blanco F, Blanco M, Bleve C, Blümer H, Bohácová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Borodai N, Brack J, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Bruijn R, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Burton RE, Busca NG, Caballero-Mora KS, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Catalano O, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chauvin J, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chou A, Chudoba J, Clay RW, Colombo E, Coluccia MR, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cook H, Cooper MJ, Coppens J, Cordier A, Cotti U, Coutu S, Covault CE, Creusot A, Criss A, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dagoret-Campagne S, Dallier R, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, De Domenico M, De Donato C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega G, de Mello Junior WJM, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Souza V, de Vries KD, Decerprit G, Del Peral L, Deligny O, Della Selva A, Delle Fratte C, Dembinski H, Di Giulio C, Diaz JC, Díaz Castro ML, Diep PN, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dong PN, Dorofeev A, Dos Anjos JC, Dova MT, D'Urso D, Dutan I, Duvernois MA, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Facal San Luis P, Falcke H, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferrero A, Fick B, Filevich A, Filipcic A, Fleck I, Fliescher S, Fracchiolla CE, Fraenkel ED, Fröhlich U, Fulgione W, Gamarra RF, Gambetta S, García B, García Gámez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Garrido X, Gelmini G, Gemmeke H, Ghia PL, Giaccari U, Giller M, Glass H, Goggin LM, Gold MS, Golup G, Gomez Albarracin F, Gómez Berisso M, Gonçalves P, Gonzalez D, Gonzalez JG, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gouffon P, Gozzini SR, Grashorn E, Grebe S, Grigat M, Grillo AF, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Hague JD, Halenka V, Hansen P, Harari D, Harmsma S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Herve AE, Hojvat C, Holmes VC, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horneffer A, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hussain M, Iarlori M, Insolia A, Ionita F, Italiano A, Jiraskova S, Kadija K, Kaducak M, Kampert KH, Karova T, Kasper P, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Keivani A, Kelley J, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapik R, Knapp J, Koang DH, Krieger A, Krömer O, Kruppke-Hansen D, Kuehn F, Kuempel D, Kulbartz K, Kunka N, Kusenko A, La Rosa G, Lachaud C, Lago BL, Lautridou P, Leão MSAB, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Lee J, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Lemiere A, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, López R, Lopez Agüera A, Louedec K, Lozano Bahilo J, Lucero A, Ludwig M, Lyberis H, Maccarone MC, Macolino C, Maldera S, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Marin V, Maris IC, Marquez Falcon HR, Marsella G, Martello D, Martínez Bravo O, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mazur PO, McEwen M, Medina-Tanco G, Melissas M, Melo D, Menichetti E, Menshikov A, Meurer C, Micanović S, Micheletti MI, Miller W, Miramonti L, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Monnier Ragaigne D, Montanet F, Morales B, Morello C, Moreno E, Moreno JC, Morris C, Mostafá M, Mueller S, Muller MA, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navarro JL, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nhung PT, Nierstenhoefer N, Nitz D, Nosek D, Nozka L, Nyklicek M, Oehlschläger J, Olinto A, Oliva P, Olmos-Gilbaja VM, Ortiz M, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Palmieri N, Parente G, Parizot E, Parlati S, Parra A, Parrisius J, Parsons RD, Pastor S, Paul T, Pavlidou V, Payet K, Pech M, Pekala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Pesce R, Petermann E, Petrera S, Petrinca P, Petrolini A, Petrov Y, Petrovic J, Pfendner C, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Ponce VH, Pontz M, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Redondo A, Revenu B, Rezende FAS, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Ristori P, Rivière C, Rizi V, Robledo C, Rodriguez G, Rodriguez Martino J, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodriguez-Cabo I, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Ros G, Rosado J, Rossler T, Roth M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil B, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sánchez F, Santander M, Santo CE, Santos E, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar S, Sato R, Scharf N, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schiffer P, Schmidt A, Schmidt F, Schmidt T, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovancova J, Schovánek P, Schroeder F, Schulte S, Schüssler F, Schuster D, Sciutto SJ, Scuderi M, Segreto A, Semikoz D, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Siffert BB, Sigl G, Smiałkowski A, Smída R, Snow GR, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Spinka H, Squartini R, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Strazzeri E, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Susa T, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Tamashiro A, Tamburro A, Tapia A, Tarutina T, Taşcău O, Tcaciuc R, Tcherniakhovski D, Tegolo D, Thao NT, Thomas D, Tiffenberg J, Timmermans C, Tkaczyk W, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Travnicek P, Tridapalli DB, Tristram G, Trovato E, Tueros M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van den Berg AM, Vázquez JR, Vázquez RA, Veberic D, Venters T, Verzi V, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Voyvodic L, Wahlberg H, Wahrlich P, Wainberg O, Warner D, Watson AA, Westerhoff S, Whelan BJ, Wieczorek G, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Williams C, Winchen T, Winnick MG, Wundheiler B, Yamamoto T, Younk P, Yuan G, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zaw I, Zepeda A, Ziolkowski M. Measurement of the depth of maximum of extensive air showers above 10{18} eV. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:091101. [PMID: 20366976 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.091101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We describe the measurement of the depth of maximum, X{max}, of the longitudinal development of air showers induced by cosmic rays. Almost 4000 events above 10;{18} eV observed by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory in coincidence with at least one surface detector station are selected for the analysis. The average shower maximum was found to evolve with energy at a rate of (106{-21}{+35}) g/cm{2}/decade below 10{18.24+/-0.05} eV, and (24+/-3) g/cm{2}/decade above this energy. The measured shower-to-shower fluctuations decrease from about 55 to 26 g/cm{2}. The interpretation of these results in terms of the cosmic ray mass composition is briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham
- National Technological University, Faculty Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina
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Abraham J, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Aguirre C, Allard D, Allekotte I, Allen J, Allison P, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Anzalone A, Aramo C, Argirò S, Arisaka K, Armengaud E, Arneodo F, Arqueros F, Asch T, Asorey H, Assis P, Atulugama BS, Aublin J, Ave M, Avila G, Bäcker T, Badagnani D, Barbosa AF, Barnhill D, Barroso SLC, Baughman B, Bauleo P, Beatty JJ, Beau T, Becker BR, Becker KH, Bellido JA, Benzvi S, Berat C, Bergmann T, Bernardini P, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blanch-Bigas O, Blanco F, Blasi P, Bleve C, Blümer H, Bohácová M, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Brack J, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Burton RE, Busca NG, Caballero-Mora KS, Cai B, Camin DV, Caramete L, Caruso R, Carvalho W, Castellina A, Catalano O, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chauvin J, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chou A, Chudoba J, Chye J, Clark PDJ, Clay RW, Colombo E, Conceição R, Connolly B, Contreras F, Coppens J, Cordier A, Cotti U, Coutu S, Covault CE, Creusot A, Criss A, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dagoret-Campagne S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, De Donato C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega G, Junior WJMDM, Neto JRTDM, De Mitri I, de Souza V, Del Peral L, Deligny O, Della Selva A, Fratte CD, Dembinski H, Di Giulio C, Diaz JC, Diep PN, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dong PN, Dornic D, Dorofeev A, Dos Anjos JC, Dova MT, D'Urso D, Dutan I, Duvernois MA, Engel R, Epele L, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Luis PFS, Falcke H, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferrer F, Ferrero A, Fick B, Filevich A, Filipcic A, Fleck I, Fracchiolla CE, Fulgione W, García B, Gámez DG, Garcia-Pinto D, Garrido X, Geenen H, Gelmini G, Gemmeke H, Ghia PL, Giller M, Glass H, Gold MS, Golup G, Albarracin FG, Berisso MG, Gonçalves P, do Amaral MG, Gonzalez D, Gonzalez JG, González M, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gouffon P, Grassi V, Grillo AF, Grunfeld C, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Gutiérrez J, Hague JD, Halenka V, Hamilton JC, Hansen P, Harari D, Harmsma S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hauschildt T, Healy MD, Hebbeker T, Hebrero G, Heck D, Hojvat C, Holmes VC, Homola P, Hörandel JR, Horneffer A, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hussain M, Iarlori M, Insolia A, Ionita F, Italiano A, Kaducak M, Kampert KH, Karova T, Kasper P, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapik R, Knapp J, Koang DH, Krieger A, Krömer O, Kuempel D, Kunka N, Kusenko A, La Rosa G, Lachaud C, Lago BL, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Lee J, de Oliveira MAL, Letessier-Selvon A, Leuthold M, Lhenry-Yvon I, López R, Agüera AL, Bahilo JL, Lucero A, García RL, Maccarone MC, Macolino C, Maldera S, Mancarella G, Manceñido ME, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Maris IC, Falcon HRM, Martello D, Martínez J, Bravo OM, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mazur PO, McCauley T, McEwen M, McNeil RR, Medina MC, Medina-Tanco G, Melo D, Menichetti E, Menschikov A, Meurer C, Meyhandan R, Micheletti MI, Miele G, Miller W, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Ragaigne DM, Montanet F, Morales B, Morello C, Moreno JC, Morris C, Mostafá M, Muller MA, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navarro JL, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Newman-Holmes C, Newton D, Nhung PT, Nierstenhoefer N, Nitz D, Nosek D, Nozka L, Oehlschläger J, Ohnuki T, Olinto A, Olmos-Gilbaja VM, Ortiz M, Ortolani F, Ostapchenko S, Otero L, Pacheco N, Selmi-Dei DP, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Parente G, Parizot E, Parlati S, Pastor S, Patel M, Paul T, Pavlidou V, Payet K, Pech M, Pekala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Pesce R, Petrera S, Petrinca P, Petrov Y, Pichel A, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pinto T, Pirronello V, Pisanti O, Platino M, Pochon J, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Rautenberg J, Redondo A, Reucroft S, Revenu B, Rezende FAS, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Rivière C, Rizi V, Roberts M, Robledo C, Rodriguez G, Martino JR, Rojo JR, Rodriguez-Cabo I, Rodríguez-Frías MD, Ros G, Rosado J, Roth M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil B, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sánchez F, Santander M, Santo CE, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar S, Sato R, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schmidt A, Schmidt F, Schmidt T, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schroeder F, Schulte S, Schüssler F, Sciutto SJ, Scuderi M, Segreto A, Semikoz D, Settimo M, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Siffert BB, Sigl G, Grande NSD, Smiałkowski A, Smída R, Smith AGK, Smith BE, Snow GR, Sokolsky P, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Spinka H, Squartini R, Strazzeri E, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Takahashi J, Tamashiro A, Tamburro A, Tarutina T, Taşcău O, Tcaciuc R, Thao NT, Thomas D, Ticona R, Tiffenberg J, Timmermans C, Tkaczyk W, Peixoto CJT, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torres I, Travnicek P, Tripathi A, Tristram G, Tscherniakhovski D, Tuci V, Tueros M, Tunnicliffe V, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Galicia JFV, Valiño I, Valore L, van den Berg AM, van Elewyck V, Vázquez RA, Veberic D, Veiga A, Velarde A, Venters T, Verzi V, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Voyvodic L, Wahlberg H, Wahrlich P, Wainberg O, Walker P, Warner D, Watson AA, Westerhoff S, Wieczorek G, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Wileman C, Winnick MG, Wu H, Wundheiler B, Yamamoto T, Younk P, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zaw I, Zepeda A, Ziolkowski M. Observation of the suppression of the flux of cosmic rays above 4 x 10 (19) eV. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 101:061101. [PMID: 18764444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.061101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 2.5 x 10;{18} eV, derived from 20,000 events recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory, is described. The spectral index gamma of the particle flux, J proportional, variantE;{-gamma}, at energies between 4 x 10;{18} eV and 4 x 10;{19} eV is 2.69+/-0.02(stat)+/-0.06(syst), steepening to 4.2+/-0.4(stat)+/-0.06(syst) at higher energies. The hypothesis of a single power law is rejected with a significance greater than 6 standard deviations. The data are consistent with the prediction by Greisen and by Zatsepin and Kuz'min.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham
- Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, FR-Mendoza, Argentina
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Abraham J, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Aguirre C, Allard D, Allekotte I, Allen J, Allison P, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Anzalone A, Aramo C, Argirò S, Arisaka K, Armengaud E, Arneodo F, Arqueros F, Asch T, Asorey H, Assis P, Atulugama BS, Aublin J, Ave M, Avila G, Bäcker T, Badagnani D, Barbosa AF, Barnhill D, Barroso SLC, Bauleo P, Beatty JJ, Beau T, Becker BR, Becker KH, Bellido JA, BenZvi S, Berat C, Bergmann T, Bernardini P, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blanch-Bigas O, Blanco F, Blasi P, Bleve C, Blümer H, Bohácová M, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Boratav M, Brack J, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Burton RE, Busca NG, Caballero-Mora KS, Cai B, Camin DV, Caramete L, Caruso R, Carvalho W, Castellina A, Catalano O, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chauvin J, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chou A, Chye J, Clark PDJ, Clay RW, Colombo E, Conceição R, Connolly B, Contreras F, Coppens J, Cordier A, Cotti U, Coutu S, Covault CE, Creusot A, Criss A, Cronin J, Curutiu A, Dagoret-Campagne S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, De Donato C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega G, de Mello Junior WJM, de Mello Neto JRT, DeMitri I, de Souza V, del Peral L, Deligny O, Della Selva A, Delle Fratte C, Dembinski H, Di Giulio C, Diaz JC, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dornic D, Dorofeev A, dos Anjos JC, Dova MT, D'Urso D, Dutan I, DuVernois MA, Engel R, Epele L, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Facal San Luis P, Falcke H, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Ferrer F, Ferry S, Fick B, Filevich A, Filipcic A, Fleck I, Fonte R, Fracchiolla CE, Fulgione W, García B, García Gámez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Garrido X, Geenen H, Gelmini G, Gemmeke H, Ghia PL, Giller M, Glass H, Gold MS, Golup G, Gomez Albarracin F, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Herrero R, Gonçalves P, Gonçalves do Amaral M, Gonzalez D, Gonzalez JG, González M, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gouffon P, Grassi V, Grillo AF, Grunfeld C, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Gutiérrez J, Hague JD, Hamilton JC, Hansen P, Harari D, Harmsma S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hauschildt T, Healy MD, Hebbeker T, Hebrero G, Heck D, Hojvat C, Holmes VC, Homola P, Hörandel J, Horneffer A, Horvat M, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Hussain M, Iarlori M, Insolia A, Ionita F, Italiano A, Kaducak M, Kampert KH, Karova T, Kégl B, Keilhauer B, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapik R, Knapp J, Koang DH, Krieger A, Krömer O, Kuempel D, Kunka N, Kusenko A, La Rosa G, Lachaud C, Lago BL, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Lee J, Leigui de Oliveira MA, Letessier-Selvon A, Leuthold M, Lhenry-Yvon I, López R, Lopez Agüera A, Lozano Bahilo J, Luna García R, Maccarone MC, Macolino C, Maldera S, Mancarella G, Manceñido ME, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Maris IC, Marquez Falcon HR, Martello D, Martínez J, Martínez Bravo O, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mazur PO, McCauley T, McEwen M, McNeil RR, Medina MC, Medina-Tanco G, Meli A, Melo D, Menichetti E, Menschikov A, Meurer C, Meyhandan R, Micheletti MI, Miele G, Miller W, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Monnier Ragaigne D, Montanet F, Morales B, Morello C, Moreno JC, Morris C, Mostafá M, Muller MA, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navarro JL, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Newman-Holmes C, Newton D, Nguyen Thi T, Nierstenhoefer N, Nitz D, Nosek D, Nozka L, Oehlschläger J, Ohnuki T, Olinto A, Olmos-Gilbaja VM, Ortiz M, Ortolani F, Ostapchenko S, Otero L, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Parente G, Parizot E, Parlati S, Pastor S, Patel M, Paul T, Pavlidou V, Payet K, Pech M, Pekala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Petrera S, Petrinca P, Petrov Y, Pham Ngoc D, Pham Ngoc D, Pham Thi TN, Pichel A, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pinto T, Pirronello V, Pisanti O, Platino M, Pochon J, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Rautenberg J, Redondo A, Reucroft S, Revenu B, Rezende FAS, Ridky J, Riggi S, Risse M, Rivière C, Rizi V, Roberts M, Robledo C, Rodriguez G, Rodríguez Frías D, Rodriguez Martino J, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodriguez-Cabo I, Ros G, Rosado J, Roth M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil B, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sánchez F, Santander M, Santo CE, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar S, Sato R, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schmidt A, Schmidt F, Schmidt T, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schüssler F, Sciutto SJ, Scuderi M, Segreto A, Semikoz D, Settimo M, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Siffert BB, Sigl G, Smetniansky De Grande N, Smiałkowski A, Smída R, Smith AGK, Smith BE, Snow GR, Sokolsky P, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Spinka H, Squartini R, Strazzeri E, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Takahashi J, Tamashiro A, Tamburro A, Taşcău O, Tcaciuc R, Thomas D, Ticona R, Tiffenberg J, Timmermans C, Tkaczyk W, Todero Peixoto CJ, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torres I, Torresi D, Travnicek P, Tripathi A, Tristram G, Tscherniakhovski D, Tueros M, Tunnicliffe V, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia JF, Valiño I, Valore L, van den Berg AM, van Elewyck V, Vázquez RA, Veberic D, Veiga A, Velarde A, Venters T, Verzi V, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Voyvodic L, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walker P, Warner D, Watson AA, Westerhoff S, Wieczorek G, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Wileman C, Winnick MG, Wu H, Wundheiler B, Yamamoto T, Younk P, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zech A, Zepeda A, Ziolkowski M. Upper limit on the diffuse flux of ultrahigh energy tau neutrinos from the Pierre Auger Observatory. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:211101. [PMID: 18518595 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.211101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to Earth-skimming tau neutrinos that interact in Earth's crust. Tau leptons from nu(tau) charged-current interactions can emerge and decay in the atmosphere to produce a nearly horizontal shower with a significant electromagnetic component. The data collected between 1 January 2004 and 31 August 2007 are used to place an upper limit on the diffuse flux of nu(tau) at EeV energies. Assuming an E(nu)(-2) differential energy spectrum the limit set at 90% C.L. is E(nu)(2)dN(nu)(tau)/dE(nu)<1.3 x 10(-7) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) in the energy range 2 x 10(17) eV< E(nu)< 2 x 10(19) eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham
- Centro de Investigaciones en Laseres y Aplicaciones, CITEFA and CONICET, Argentina
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Reid CA, Hillman K, Henderson C, Glass H. Fermentation of native and processed starches by the porcine caecal anaerobeClostridium butyricum(NCIMB 7423). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abraham J, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Aguirre C, Allard D, Allekotte I, Allen J, Allison P, Alvarez C, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Ambrosio M, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Anzalone A, Aramo C, Argirò S, Arisaka K, Armengaud E, Arneodo F, Arqueros F, Asch T, Asorey H, Assis P, Atulugama BS, Aublin J, Ave M, Avila G, Bäcker T, Badagnani D, Barbosa AF, Barnhill D, Barroso SLC, Bauleo P, Beatty J, Beau T, Becker BR, Becker KH, Bellido JA, BenZvi S, Berat C, Bergmann T, Bernardini P, Bertou X, Biermann PL, Billoir P, Blanch-Bigas O, Blanco F, Blasi P, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Bonifazi C, Bonino R, Boratav M, Brack J, Brogueira P, Brown WC, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Busca NG, Caballero-Mora KS, Cai B, Camin DV, Caruso R, Carvalho W, Castellina A, Catalano O, Cataldi G, Cazón-Boado L, Cester R, Chauvin J, Chiavassa A, Chinellato JA, Chou A, Chye J, Clark PDJ, Clay RW, Colombo E, Conceição R, Connolly B, Contreras F, Coppens J, Cordier A, Cotti U, Coutu S, Covault CE, Creusot A, Cronin J, Dagoret-Campagne S, Daumiller K, Dawson BR, de Almeida RM, De Donato C, de Jong SJ, De La Vega G, de Mello Junior WJM, de Mello Neto JRT, De Mitri I, de Souza V, del Peral L, Deligny O, Selva AD, Fratte CD, Dembinski H, Di Giulio C, Diaz JC, Dobrigkeit C, D'Olivo JC, Dornic D, Dorofeev A, Anjos JCD, Dova MT, D'Urso D, DuVernois MA, Engel R, Epele L, Erdmann M, Escobar CO, Etchegoyen A, Luis PFS, Falcke H, Farrar G, Fauth AC, Fazzini N, Fernández A, Ferrer F, Ferry S, Fick B, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fleck I, Fonte R, Fracchiolla CE, Fulgione W, García B, García Gámez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Garrido X, Geenen H, Gelmini G, Gemmeke H, Ghia PL, Giller M, Glass H, Gold MS, Golup G, Albarracin FG, Berisso MG, Herrero RG, Gonçalves P, do Amaral MG, Gonzalez D, Gonzalez JG, González M, Góra D, Gorgi A, Gouffon P, Grassi V, Grillo A, Grunfeld C, Guardincerri Y, Guarino F, Guedes GP, Gutiérrez J, Hague JD, Hamilton JC, Hansen P, Harari D, Harmsma S, Harton JL, Haungs A, Hauschildt T, Healy MD, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Hojvat C, Holmes VC, Homola P, Hörandel J, Horneffer A, Horvat M, Hrabovský M, Huege T, Iarlori M, Insolia A, Ionita F, Italiano A, Kaducak M, Kampert KH, Keilhauer B, Kemp E, Kieckhafer RM, Klages HO, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Knapik R, Knapp J, Koang DH, Kopmann A, Krieger A, Krömer O, Kümpel D, Kunka N, Kusenko A, La Rosa G, Lachaud C, Lago BL, Lebrun D, LeBrun P, Lee J, de Oliveira MAL, Letessier-Selvon A, Leuthold M, Lhenry-Yvon I, López R, Lopez Agüera A, Bahilo JL, Maccarone MC, Macolino C, Maldera S, Malek M, Mancarella G, Manceñido ME, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi AG, Maris IC, Martello D, Martínez J, Bravo OM, Mathes HJ, Matthews J, Matthews JAJ, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mazur PO, McCauley T, McEwen M, McNeil RR, Medina MC, Medina-Tanco G, Meli A, Melo D, Menichetti E, Menschikov A, Meurer C, Meyhandan R, Micheletti MI, Miele G, Miller W, Mollerach S, Monasor M, Ragaigne DM, Montanet F, Morales B, Morello C, Moreno E, Moreno JC, Morris C, Mostafá M, Muller MA, Mussa R, Navarra G, Navarro JL, Navas S, Nellen L, Newman-Holmes C, Newton D, Thi TN, Nierstenhöfer N, Nitz D, Nosek D, Nožka L, Oehlschläger J, Ohnuki T, Olinto A, Olmos-Gilbaja VM, Ortiz M, Ostapchenko S, Otero L, Selmi-Dei DP, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Parente G, Parizot E, Parlati S, Pastor S, Patel M, Paul T, Pavlidou V, Payet K, Pech M, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Pepe IM, Perrone L, Petrera S, Petrinca P, Petrov Y, Ngoc D, Ngoc D, Thi TNP, Pichel A, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pimenta M, Pinto T, Pirronello V, Pisanti O, Platino M, Pochon J, Porter TA, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel EJ, Rautenberg J, Reucroft S, Revenu B, Rezende FAS, Řídký J, Riggi S, Risse M, Rivière C, Rizi V, Roberts M, Robledo C, Rodriguez G, Frías DR, Martino JR, Rojo JR, Rodriguez-Cabo I, Ros G, Rosado J, Roth M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil B, Roulet E, Rovero AC, Salamida F, Salazar H, Salina G, Sánchez F, Santander M, Santo CE, Santos EM, Sarazin F, Sarkar S, Sato R, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schmidt F, Schmidt T, Scholten O, Schovánek P, Schüssler F, Sciutto SJ, Scuderi M, Segreto A, Semikoz D, Settimo M, Shellard RC, Sidelnik I, Siffert BB, Sigl G, De Grande NS, Smiałkowski A, šmída R, Smith AGK, Smith BE, Snow GR, Sokolsky P, Sommers P, Sorokin J, Spinka H, Squartini R, Strazzeri E, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky AD, Sutherland MS, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Takahashi J, Tamashiro A, Tamburro A, Taşcău O, Tcaciuc R, Thomas D, Ticona R, Tiffenberg J, Timmermans C, Tkaczyk W, Peixoto CJT, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torresi D, Travnicek P, Tripathi A, Tristram G, Tscherniakhovski D, Tueros M, Tunnicliffe V, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Galicia JFV, Valiño I, Valore L, van den Berg AM, van Elewyck V, Vázquez RA, Veberič D, Veiga A, Velarde A, Venters T, Verzi V, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vorobiov S, Voyvodic L, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Waldenmaier T, Walker P, Warner D, Watson AA, Westerhoff S, Wieczorek G, Wiencke L, Wilczyńska B, Wilczyński H, Wileman C, Winnick MG, Wu H, Wundheiler B, Xu J, Yamamoto T, Younk P, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zech A, Zepeda A, Ziolkowski M. Correlation of the Highest-Energy Cosmic Rays with Nearby Extragalactic Objects. Science 2007; 318:938-43. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1151124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Glass H. Primary health care: then and now. Can J Nurs Res 2000; 32:9-16. [PMID: 11141818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The term primary health care is now entrenched in our minds and our actions. A health for all by the year 2000 strategy is being examined to determine what has been achieved and what has not. All countries and most professions, including nursing, are scrutinizing the progress they have made towards achieving PHC. It is my intention, in this discourse, to move from an historical view to present-day concerns as they relate to the achievement of PHC. It will be impossible to do more than mention many of the latter, but I hope to set the stage for the articles that follow in this issue of the Journal.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Glass
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Manitoba
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Glass ML, Fernandes MS, Soncini R, Glass H, Wasser JS. Effects of dry season dormancy on oxygen uptake, heart rate, and blood pressures in the toad, Bufo paracnemis. J Exp Zool 1997; 279:330-6. [PMID: 9360314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The cardiodynamic consequences of dry season dormancy in ectothermic vertebrates is not well known. Our hypothesis was that dormancy would reduce cardiac activity. We therefore determined oxygen uptake and cardiovascular function in aestivating toads, Bufo paracnemis, native to São Paulo State, Brazil. Specimens were collected and kept in the laboratory under controlled temperature and light regimes. We compared oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood pressure, rate-pressure product (RPP), and blood gases in toads during aestivation (dry winter season) and their early active season (spring). Oxygen uptake of winter toads at 25 degrees C was considerably lower than that of spring toads (winter: 24.0 +/- 1.8 ml/(kgh); early spring: 44.4 +/- 5.1 ml/(kgh); mean +/- SE; same in the following). A seasonal dichotomy was also observed at 15 degrees C although the differences was less pronounced (15.8 +/- 1.8 ml/(kgh) winter; 23 +/- 2.1 ml/(kgh) early spring). Chronic arterial cannulation permitted measurements of cardiodynamic variables without any undesired change in VO2. Heart rates of winter toads were significantly lower than those of early spring animals at both experimental temperatures (25 degrees C: winter 25 +/- 1.4 beats/min.; early spring: 35.2 +/- 5.1 beats/min. 15 degrees C: winter 15, 4 +/- 1.8 beats/min.; early spring: 23.9 +/- 2.1 beats/min). Systemic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures decreased slightly but not significantly during aestivation. We conclude that: (1) Bufo paracnemis downregulates metabolic rate during the dry season and (2) heart rate is also downregulated with little change of blood pressure. While the energetics of these responses are probably beneficial for survival during aestivation, the underlying biochemical mechanisms remain obscure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Glass
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A da Silva
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto USP, Brazil
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Glass H, Gutkowska J, Favaretto AL, Antunes-Rodrigues J. Correlations between ANP concentrations in atria, plasma and cerebral structures and sodium chloride preference in Wistar rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 1997; 30:65-8. [PMID: 9222405 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x1997000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined whether ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide) concentrations, measured by radioimmunoassay, in the ANPergic cerebral regions involved in regulation of sodium intake and excretion and pituitary glad correlated with differences in sodium preference among 40 Wistar male rats (180-220 g). Sodium preference was measured as mean spontaneous ingestion of 1.5% NaCl solution during a test period of 12 days. The relevant tissues included the olfactory bulb (OB), the posterior and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland (PP and AP, respectively), the median eminence (ME), the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH), and the region anteroventral to the third ventricle (AV3V). We also measured ANP content in the right (RA) and left atrium (LA) and plasma. The concentrations of ANP in the OB and the AP were correlated with sodium ingestion during the preceding 24 h, since an increase of ANP in these structures was associated with a reduced ingestion and vice-versa (OB: r = -0.3649, P < 0.05; AP: r = -0.3291, P < 0.05). Moreover, the AP exhibited a correlation between ANP concentration and mean NaCl intake (r = -0.4165, P < 0.05), but this was not the case for the OB (r = 0.2422). This suggests that differences in sodium preference among individual male rats can be related to variations of AP ANP level. Earlier studies indicated that the OB is involved in the control of NaCl ingestion. Our data suggests that the OB ANP level may play a role mainly in day-to-day variations of sodium ingestion in the individual rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Glass
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
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Glass H, Gutkowska J, Favaretto AL, Carneiro-Leão A, Antunes-Rodrigues J. Sodium balance of hyper- and hypo-natriophilic rats under basal conditions and during sodium deprivation. Braz J Med Biol Res 1996; 29:1667-70. [PMID: 9222430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium and water balance was determined in two strains of Wistar rats selectively bred for high (hypernatriophilic, HR) or low salt preference (hyponatriophilic, HO) under basal conditions and during sodium deprivation. Male rats from each stain were selected for an average ingestion of 1.5% NaCl solution of more than (HR) or less than (HO) 4 ml 100 g body weight (-1) day (-1), during a 10-day period. HR rats (N = 17) presented markedly higher sodium intake under basal conditions (2.983 +/- 0.316 mEq 100 g body weight (-1) day (-1)) than HO rats (N = 12; 0.406 +/- 0.076 mEq 100 g body weight (-1) day (-1); Mann-Whitney test, P < 0.01). Water (HR: 8.6 +/- 0.57; HO: 7.7 +/- 0.32 ml 100 g body weight (-1) day (-1)) and sodium balances (HR: 0.936 +/- 0.153; HO: 0.873 +/- 0.078 mEq 100 g body weight (-1) day (-1)) were similar in both strains, despite a higher sodium and total fluid (HR: 16.3 +/- 1.06; HO: 10.8 +/- 0.49 ml 100 g body weight (-1) day (-1); P < 0.01) ingestion in HR rats. During sodium deprivation HR rats (N = 13) exhibited a sodium balance similar to that of HO rats (N = 13) (HR: -0.159 +/- 0.011; HO: -0.129 +/- 0.019 mEq 100 g body weight (-1) day (-1)), and, in addition, an adequate suppression of natriuresis (HR: 0.049 +/- 0.011; HO: 0.026 +/- 0.004 mEq 100 g body weight (-1) day (-1)). These data show that HR rats present hypernatriophilia as a primary trait, since their sodium-conserving mechanisms are intact. Therefore, these rats provide an adequate model to study factors that determine innate sodium preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Glass
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
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Glass H, Dick JA. Nursing economics in Canada. Can Nurse 1992; 88:16, 47. [PMID: 1362135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
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Moreno G, Brown CN, Cooper WE, Finley D, Hsiung YB, Jonckheere AM, Jostlein H, Kaplan DM, Lederman LM, Hemmi Y, Imai K, Miyake K, Nakamura T, Sasao N, Tamura N, Yoshida T, Maki A, Sakai Y, Gray R, Luk KB, Rutherfoord JP, Straub PB, Williams RW, Young KK, Adams MR, Glass H, Jaffe D, McCarthy RL, Crittenden JA, Smith SR. Dimuon production in proton-copper collisions at sqrt s =38.8 GeV. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1991; 43:2815-2835. [PMID: 10013679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.43.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Brown CN, Cooper WE, Finley D, Hsiung YB, Jonckheere AM, Jostlein H, Kaplan DM, Lederman LM, Moreno G, Hemmi Y, Imai K, Miyake K, Nakamura T, Sasao N, Tamura N, Yoshida T, Maki A, Sakai Y, Gray R, Luk KB, Rutherfoord JP, Straub PB, Williams RW, Young KK, Adams MR, Glass H, Jaffe D, McCarthy RL, Crittenden JA, Smith SR. Dimuon production in 800-GeV proton-nucleus collisions. Phys Rev Lett 1989; 63:2637-2640. [PMID: 10040948 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.63.2637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Glass H. [The Canadian nursing scene]. Kango 1984; 36:11-9. [PMID: 6392678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Mangeot P, Coutrakon G, Hubbard J, Mullie´ J, Tichit J, Zadra A, Bouclier R, Charpak G, Million J, Peisert A, Santiard J, Sauli F, Brown C, Finley D, Glass H, Kirz J, McCarthy R. Progress in Cherenkov ring imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(83)90333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Glass H. Interventions in nursing: goal or task-oriented? Int Nurs Rev 1983; 30:53-6. [PMID: 6553576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Bouclier R, Charpak G, Cattai A, Million G, Peisert A, Santiard J, Sauli F, Coutrakon G, Hubbard J, Mangeot P, Mullie J, Tichit J, Glass H, Kirz J, McCarthy R. Progress in Cherenkov ring imaging: Part 1. Detection and localization of photons with the multistep proportional chamber. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-5087(83)90004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Glass H. [In a period of commotion, providing rigourous leadership]. Infirm Can 1982; 24:4. [PMID: 6921169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Glass H. The sleeping giant. Can Nurse 1982; 78:6-7. [PMID: 6921069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Glass H. [Executive Board meeting 12-13 May 1981: contract with WHO for research-oriented expert assistance to the DISS]. Sygeplejersken 1981; 81:26-7, 38. [PMID: 6913176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Glass H. Nursing's visions: dreams or reality? Can Nurse 1981; 77:18. [PMID: 6904240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Epithelial-cell enriched primary cultures have been established from rat ventral prostate (RVP). Minced ventral prostates were dissociated with 0.5% collagenase in F12K tissue culture medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum. This treatment resulted in the gradual removal of stromal elements from the base of the epithelial cells. After 60 minutes of digestion the aggregates of epithelial cells were washed and plated at high density in F12K plus 10% horse serum. After 48 hours in vitro the unattached cells were removed from the culture dishes, washed, and reinoculated into new culture vessels containing fresh medium. After 96 hours in vitro, the aggregates had attached to the culture vessels and spread out to yield discrete patches of epithelial cells. By 144 hours in vitro the patches of cells had grown and coalesced to form a semi-confluent monolayer of epithelial cells. Ultrastructrual examination of these cultures indicated that adjacent cells were joined by desmosomes and tight junctions and had formed "lumen-like structures" into which projected microvilli. In addition, the cells contained secretory granules and tonofilaments, giving them a morphological appearance similar to prostate epithelial cells in the intact organ. The primary cultures also retained histochemical activities for acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and succinic dehydrogenase that were similar to the intact organ.
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Glass H, Emmerich H, Spindler KD. Immunohistochemical localisation of ecdysteroids in the follicular epithelium of locust oocytes. Cell Tissue Res 1978; 194:237-44. [PMID: 365340 DOI: 10.1007/bf00220391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Frozen sections of growing terminal follicles of the locust ovary were incubated with an ecdysteroid-specific rabbit antibody and the bound antibody visualised by the use of FITC-labelled goat-anti-rabbit antiserum. A bright fluorescence was seen in the cytoplasm of the follicle cells in terminal follicles with a length between 4.0 and 6.0 mm with a maximum intensity at 5.5 mm, indicating the presence of ecdysteroids in these cells in this particular developmental stage.
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Glass H. PSRO's with best, worst L.O.S. data named. Hosp Peer Rev 1978; 3:117-8. [PMID: 10297217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Ronchetti R, Stocks J, Freedman N, Glass H, Godfrey S. Clinical application of regional lung function studies in infants and small children using 13N. Arch Dis Child 1975; 50:595-603. [PMID: 1200676 PMCID: PMC1545506 DOI: 10.1136/adc.50.8.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A technique is described for the investigation of regional lung function in infants and children using 13N and a gamma camera. Boluses of isotopic gas are inhaled and perfused while the lung fields are scanned. The child is lightly sedated and breathes normally throughout. Regional function is assessed in terms of the distribution of gas and blood, and the balance between ventilation and perfusion is estimated by comparing an index of the ventilation per unit volume of ventilated lung with that of perfused lung. The use of the method in 8 infants and children with different clinical problems is described to show its application. The method is capable of defining the severity and localization of any abnormality and may also be useful in showing normal function in suspect areas.
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Glass H. Kevin--a schizophrenic. Nurs Mirror Midwives J 1972; 134:36-7. [PMID: 4481068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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