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Poslawsky IE, Naber FB, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, De Jonge MV, Van Engeland H, Van IJzendoorn MH. Development of a Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting for Children with Autism (VIPP-AUTI). Attach Hum Dev 2014; 16:343-55. [DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2014.912487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Anney R, Klei L, Pinto D, Almeida J, Bacchelli E, Baird G, Bolshakova N, Bölte S, Bolton PF, Bourgeron T, Brennan S, Brian J, Casey J, Conroy J, Correia C, Corsello C, Crawford EL, de Jonge M, Delorme R, Duketis E, Duque F, Estes A, Farrar P, Fernandez BA, Folstein SE, Fombonne E, Gilbert J, Gillberg C, Glessner JT, Green A, Green J, Guter SJ, Heron EA, Holt R, Howe JL, Hughes G, Hus V, Igliozzi R, Jacob S, Kenny GP, Kim C, Kolevzon A, Kustanovich V, Lajonchere CM, Lamb JA, Law-Smith M, Leboyer M, Le Couteur A, Leventhal BL, Liu XQ, Lombard F, Lord C, Lotspeich L, Lund SC, Magalhaes TR, Mantoulan C, McDougle CJ, Melhem NM, Merikangas A, Minshew NJ, Mirza GK, Munson J, Noakes C, Nygren G, Papanikolaou K, Pagnamenta AT, Parrini B, Paton T, Pickles A, Posey DJ, Poustka F, Ragoussis J, Regan R, Roberts W, Roeder K, Roge B, Rutter ML, Schlitt S, Shah N, Sheffield VC, Soorya L, Sousa I, Stoppioni V, Sykes N, Tancredi R, Thompson AP, Thomson S, Tryfon A, Tsiantis J, Van Engeland H, Vincent JB, Volkmar F, Vorstman JAS, Wallace S, Wing K, Wittemeyer K, Wood S, Zurawiecki D, Zwaigenbaum L, Bailey AJ, Battaglia A, Cantor RM, Coon H, Cuccaro ML, Dawson G, Ennis S, Freitag CM, Geschwind DH, Haines JL, Klauck SM, McMahon WM, Maestrini E, Miller J, Monaco AP, Nelson SF, Nurnberger JI, Oliveira G, Parr JR, Pericak-Vance MA, Piven J, Schellenberg GD, Scherer SW, Vicente AM, Wassink TH, Wijsman EM, Betancur C, Buxbaum JD, Cook EH, Gallagher L, Gill M, Hallmayer J, Paterson AD, Sutcliffe JS, Szatmari P, Vieland VJ, Hakonarson H, Devlin B. Individual common variants exert weak effects on the risk for autism spectrum disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4781-92. [PMID: 22843504 PMCID: PMC3471395 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is apparent that rare variation can play an important role in the genetic architecture of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), the contribution of common variation to the risk of developing ASD is less clear. To produce a more comprehensive picture, we report Stage 2 of the Autism Genome Project genome-wide association study, adding 1301 ASD families and bringing the total to 2705 families analysed (Stages 1 and 2). In addition to evaluating the association of individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we also sought evidence that common variants, en masse, might affect the risk. Despite genotyping over a million SNPs covering the genome, no single SNP shows significant association with ASD or selected phenotypes at a genome-wide level. The SNP that achieves the smallest P-value from secondary analyses is rs1718101. It falls in CNTNAP2, a gene previously implicated in susceptibility for ASD. This SNP also shows modest association with age of word/phrase acquisition in ASD subjects, of interest because features of language development are also associated with other variation in CNTNAP2. In contrast, allele scores derived from the transmission of common alleles to Stage 1 cases significantly predict case status in the independent Stage 2 sample. Despite being significant, the variance explained by these allele scores was small (Vm< 1%). Based on results from individual SNPs and their en masse effect on risk, as inferred from the allele score results, it is reasonable to conclude that common variants affect the risk for ASD but their individual effects are modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Anney
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Dalila Pinto
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1L7
| | - Joana Almeida
- Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, 3000–076 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gillian Baird
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust & King's College, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Nadia Bolshakova
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sven Bölte
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur and
- University Paris Diderot-Paris 7, CNRS URA 2182, Fondation FondaMental, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sean Brennan
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jessica Brian
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children and Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1Z8
| | - Jillian Casey
- School of Medicine, Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Judith Conroy
- School of Medicine, Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Catarina Correia
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge and Instituto Gulbenkian de Cîencia, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioFIG—Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, C2.2.12, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Christina Corsello
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily L. Crawford
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, and Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience and
| | - Maretha de Jonge
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Eftichia Duketis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Penny Farrar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Bridget A. Fernandez
- Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland,St John's, NL, CanadaA1B 3V6
| | - Susan E. Folstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Division of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaH3A 1A1
| | - John Gilbert
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joseph T. Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Green
- School of Medicine, Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Green
- Academic Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Manchester, Manchester M9 7AA, UK
| | - Stephen J. Guter
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Heron
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Richard Holt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jennifer L. Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1L7
| | - Gillian Hughes
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Vanessa Hus
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roberta Igliozzi
- BioFIG—Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, C2.2.12, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Suma Jacob
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Graham P. Kenny
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cecilia Kim
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, The Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029, USA
| | - Vlad Kustanovich
- Autism Genetic Resource Exchange, Autism Speaks, Los Angeles, CA 90036-4234, USA
| | - Clara M. Lajonchere
- Autism Genetic Resource Exchange, Autism Speaks, Los Angeles, CA 90036-4234, USA
| | | | - Miriam Law-Smith
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, INSERM U995, AP-HP; University Paris 12, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil 94000, France
| | - Ann Le Couteur
- Institutes of Neuroscience and Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Bennett L. Leventhal
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University, NYU Child Study Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Frances Lombard
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Catherine Lord
- Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Linda Lotspeich
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Sabata C. Lund
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, and Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience and
| | - Tiago R. Magalhaes
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge and Instituto Gulbenkian de Cîencia, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioFIG—Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, C2.2.12, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carine Mantoulan
- Centre d'Eudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie, University de Toulouse Le Mirail, Toulouse 31200, France
| | - Christopher J. McDougle
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nadine M. Melhem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Alison Merikangas
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Nancy J. Minshew
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ghazala K. Mirza
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jeff Munson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Carolyn Noakes
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children and Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1Z8
| | - Gudrun Nygren
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katerina Papanikolaou
- University Department of Child Psychiatry, Athens University, Medical School, Agia Sophia Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Barbara Parrini
- Stella Maris Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 56128 Calambrone (Pisa), Italy
| | - Tara Paton
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1L7
| | - Andrew Pickles
- Department of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Health Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - David J. Posey
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Fritz Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Regina Regan
- School of Medicine, Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Wendy Roberts
- Autism Research Unit, The Hospital for Sick Children and Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1Z8
| | - Kathryn Roeder
- Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernadette Roge
- Centre d'Eudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie, University de Toulouse Le Mirail, Toulouse 31200, France
| | - Michael L. Rutter
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Sabine Schlitt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Naisha Shah
- School of Medicine, Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Val C. Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Latha Soorya
- The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, The Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029, USA
| | - Inês Sousa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Vera Stoppioni
- Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Ospedale Santa Croce, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Nuala Sykes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Stella Maris Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 56128 Calambrone (Pisa), Italy
| | - Ann P. Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaL8N 3Z5
| | - Susanne Thomson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, and Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience and
| | - Ana Tryfon
- The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, The Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029, USA
| | - John Tsiantis
- University Department of Child Psychiatry, Athens University, Medical School, Agia Sophia Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Herman Van Engeland
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Utrecht, 3508 GA, The Netherlands
| | - John B. Vincent
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Clarke Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1X8
| | - Fred Volkmar
- Child Study Centre, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - JAS Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Kirsty Wing
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kerstin Wittemeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Shawn Wood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Danielle Zurawiecki
- The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, The Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029, USA
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaT6G 2J3
| | - Anthony J. Bailey
- BC Mental Health and Addictions Research Unit, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, CanadaV5Z4H4
| | - Agatino Battaglia
- Stella Maris Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 56128 Calambrone (Pisa), Italy
| | | | - Hilary Coon
- Psychiatry Department, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | | | - Sean Ennis
- School of Medicine, Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Los Angeles School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sabine M. Klauck
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - William M. McMahon
- Psychiatry Department, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Judith Miller
- Psychiatry Department, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Anthony P. Monaco
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Office of the President, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John I. Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Jeremy R. Parr
- Institutes of Neuroscience and Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3366, USA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1L7
| | - Astrid M. Vicente
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge and Instituto Gulbenkian de Cîencia, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- BioFIG—Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, C2.2.12, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Thomas H. Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ellen M. Wijsman
- Department of Biostatistics and
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Catalina Betancur
- INSERM U952
- CNRS UMR 7224 and
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris 75005, France and
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, The Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York NY 10029, USA
| | - Edwin H. Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael Gill
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Joachim Hallmayer
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Andrew D. Paterson
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, CanadaM5G 1L7
| | - James S. Sutcliffe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, and Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience and
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, CanadaL8N 3Z5
| | - Veronica J. Vieland
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
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Casey JP, Magalhaes T, Conroy JM, Regan R, Shah N, Anney R, Shields DC, Abrahams BS, Almeida J, Bacchelli E, Bailey AJ, Baird G, Battaglia A, Berney T, Bolshakova N, Bolton PF, Bourgeron T, Brennan S, Cali P, Correia C, Corsello C, Coutanche M, Dawson G, de Jonge M, Delorme R, Duketis E, Duque F, Estes A, Farrar P, Fernandez BA, Folstein SE, Foley S, Fombonne E, Freitag CM, Gilbert J, Gillberg C, Glessner JT, Green J, Guter SJ, Hakonarson H, Holt R, Hughes G, Hus V, Igliozzi R, Kim C, Klauck SM, Kolevzon A, Lamb JA, Leboyer M, Le Couteur A, Leventhal BL, Lord C, Lund SC, Maestrini E, Mantoulan C, Marshall CR, McConachie H, McDougle CJ, McGrath J, McMahon WM, Merikangas A, Miller J, Minopoli F, Mirza GK, Munson J, Nelson SF, Nygren G, Oliveira G, Pagnamenta AT, Papanikolaou K, Parr JR, Parrini B, Pickles A, Pinto D, Piven J, Posey DJ, Poustka A, Poustka F, Ragoussis J, Roge B, Rutter ML, Sequeira AF, Soorya L, Sousa I, Sykes N, Stoppioni V, Tancredi R, Tauber M, Thompson AP, Thomson S, Tsiantis J, Van Engeland H, Vincent JB, Volkmar F, Vorstman JAS, Wallace S, Wang K, Wassink TH, White K, Wing K, Wittemeyer K, Yaspan BL, Zwaigenbaum L, Betancur C, Buxbaum JD, Cantor RM, Cook EH, Coon H, Cuccaro ML, Geschwind DH, Haines JL, Hallmayer J, Monaco AP, Nurnberger JI, Pericak-Vance MA, Schellenberg GD, Scherer SW, Sutcliffe JS, Szatmari P, Vieland VJ, Wijsman EM, Green A, Gill M, Gallagher L, Vicente A, Ennis S. A novel approach of homozygous haplotype sharing identifies candidate genes in autism spectrum disorder. Hum Genet 2012; 131:565-79. [PMID: 21996756 PMCID: PMC3303079 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable disorder of complex and heterogeneous aetiology. It is primarily characterized by altered cognitive ability including impaired language and communication skills and fundamental deficits in social reciprocity. Despite some notable successes in neuropsychiatric genetics, overall, the high heritability of ASD (~90%) remains poorly explained by common genetic risk variants. However, recent studies suggest that rare genomic variation, in particular copy number variation, may account for a significant proportion of the genetic basis of ASD. We present a large scale analysis to identify candidate genes which may contain low-frequency recessive variation contributing to ASD while taking into account the potential contribution of population differences to the genetic heterogeneity of ASD. Our strategy, homozygous haplotype (HH) mapping, aims to detect homozygous segments of identical haplotype structure that are shared at a higher frequency amongst ASD patients compared to parental controls. The analysis was performed on 1,402 Autism Genome Project trios genotyped for 1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We identified 25 known and 1,218 novel ASD candidate genes in the discovery analysis including CADM2, ABHD14A, CHRFAM7A, GRIK2, GRM3, EPHA3, FGF10, KCND2, PDZK1, IMMP2L and FOXP2. Furthermore, 10 of the previously reported ASD genes and 300 of the novel candidates identified in the discovery analysis were replicated in an independent sample of 1,182 trios. Our results demonstrate that regions of HH are significantly enriched for previously reported ASD candidate genes and the observed association is independent of gene size (odds ratio 2.10). Our findings highlight the applicability of HH mapping in complex disorders such as ASD and offer an alternative approach to the analysis of genome-wide association data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian P. Casey
- School of Medicine and Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tiago Magalhaes
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- BioFIG, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, C2.2.12, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Cîencia, Rua Quinta Grande, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Judith M. Conroy
- School of Medicine and Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Regina Regan
- School of Medicine and Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Naisha Shah
- School of Medicine and Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Richard Anney
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Denis C. Shields
- School of Medicine and Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Brett S. Abrahams
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Program in Neurogenetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Joana Almeida
- Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra, 3000–076 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anthony J. Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 2A1 Canada
| | | | - Agatino Battaglia
- Stella Maris Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tom Berney
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Nadia Bolshakova
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Patrick F. Bolton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Department of Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, University Paris Diderot-Paris 7, CNRS URA 2182, Fondation FondaMental, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sean Brennan
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Phil Cali
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Catarina Correia
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- BioFIG, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, C2.2.12, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Cîencia, Rua Quinta Grande, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Christina Corsello
- Autism and Communicative Disorders Centre, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2054 USA
| | - Marc Coutanche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JX UK
| | - Geraldine Dawson
- Autism Speaks, New York, 10016 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3366 USA
| | - Maretha de Jonge
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center, 3508 Utrecht, GA The Netherlands
| | - Richard Delorme
- INSERM U 955, Fondation FondaMental, APHP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Eftichia Duketis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Annette Estes
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Penny Farrar
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Bridget A. Fernandez
- Disciplines of Genetics and Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s Newfoundland, A1B 3V6 Canada
| | - Susan E. Folstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Suzanne Foley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JX UK
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Division of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1 Canada
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - John Gilbert
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joseph T. Glessner
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jonathan Green
- Academic Department of Child Psychiatry, Booth Hall of Children’s Hospital, Blackley, Manchester, M9 7AA UK
| | - Stephen J. Guter
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Richard Holt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Gillian Hughes
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Vanessa Hus
- Autism and Communicative Disorders Centre, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2054 USA
| | - Roberta Igliozzi
- Stella Maris Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cecilia Kim
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Sabine M. Klauck
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Department of Psychiatry, The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, 10029 USA
| | - Janine A. Lamb
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Marion Leboyer
- INSERM U995, Department of Psychiatry, Groupe Hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier, AP-HP, University Paris 12, Fondation FondaMental, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Ann Le Couteur
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Bennett L. Leventhal
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (NKI), 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962 USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University, NYU Child Study Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Catherine Lord
- Autism and Communicative Disorders Centre, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2054 USA
| | - Sabata C. Lund
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carine Mantoulan
- Octogone/CERPP (Centre d’Eudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie), University de Toulouse Le Mirail, 31058 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Christian R. Marshall
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Helen McConachie
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | | | - Jane McGrath
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - William M. McMahon
- Psychiatry Department, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - Alison Merikangas
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Judith Miller
- Psychiatry Department, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | | | - Ghazala K. Mirza
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Jeff Munson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Stanley F. Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Gudrun Nygren
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Katerina Papanikolaou
- University Department of Child Psychiatry, Athens University, Medical School, Agia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Jeremy R. Parr
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU UK
| | - Barbara Parrini
- Stella Maris Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrew Pickles
- Department of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Health Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Dalila Pinto
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, CB3366, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3366 USA
| | - David J. Posey
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Annemarie Poustka
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fritz Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Bernadette Roge
- Octogone/CERPP (Centre d’Eudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie), University de Toulouse Le Mirail, 31058 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Michael L. Rutter
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Ana F. Sequeira
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- BioFIG, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, C2.2.12, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Cîencia, Rua Quinta Grande, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Latha Soorya
- Department of Psychiatry, The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, 10029 USA
| | - Inês Sousa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Nuala Sykes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Vera Stoppioni
- Neuropsichiatria Infantile, Ospedale Santa Croce, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tancredi
- Stella Maris Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 56128 Calambrone, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maïté Tauber
- Octogone/CERPP (Centre d’Eudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie), University de Toulouse Le Mirail, 31058 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Ann P. Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5 Canada
| | - Susanne Thomson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - John Tsiantis
- University Department of Child Psychiatry, Athens University, Medical School, Agia Sophia Children’s Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Herman Van Engeland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center, 3508 Utrecht, GA The Netherlands
| | - John B. Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Clarke Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Fred Volkmar
- Child Study Centre, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Jacob A. S. Vorstman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center, 3508 Utrecht, GA The Netherlands
| | - Simon Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JX UK
| | - Kai Wang
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Thomas H. Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Kathy White
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JX UK
| | - Kirsty Wing
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Kerstin Wittemeyer
- Autism Centre for Education and Research, School of Education, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Brian L. Yaspan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J3 Canada
| | - Catalina Betancur
- INSERM U952 and CNRS UMR 7224, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, 75005 France
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, The Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, 10029 USA
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, 10029 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, 10029 USA
| | - Rita M. Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Edwin H. Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Juvenile Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Hilary Coon
- Psychiatry Department, University of Utah Medical School, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Department of Neurology, Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Program in Neurogenetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Joachim Hallmayer
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304 USA
| | - Anthony P. Monaco
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - John I. Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak-Vance
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, 19104 USA
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7 Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - James S. Sutcliffe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Centers for Human Genetics Research and Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5 Canada
| | - Veronica J. Vieland
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Ellen M. Wijsman
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Andrew Green
- School of Medicine and Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michael Gill
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Autism Genetics Group, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Astrid Vicente
- Instituto Nacional de Saude Dr Ricardo Jorge, Av Padre Cruz 1649-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- BioFIG, Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics, Campus da FCUL, C2.2.12, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Cîencia, Rua Quinta Grande, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sean Ennis
- School of Medicine and Medical Science University College, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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4
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Anney R, Klei L, Pinto D, Regan R, Conroy J, Magalhaes TR, Correia C, Abrahams BS, Sykes N, Pagnamenta AT, Almeida J, Bacchelli E, Bailey AJ, Baird G, Battaglia A, Berney T, Bolshakova N, Bölte S, Bolton PF, Bourgeron T, Brennan S, Brian J, Carson AR, Casallo G, Casey J, Chu SH, Cochrane L, Corsello C, Crawford EL, Crossett A, Dawson G, de Jonge M, Delorme R, Drmic I, Duketis E, Duque F, Estes A, Farrar P, Fernandez BA, Folstein SE, Fombonne E, Freitag CM, Gilbert J, Gillberg C, Glessner JT, Goldberg J, Green J, Guter SJ, Hakonarson H, Heron EA, Hill M, Holt R, Howe JL, Hughes G, Hus V, Igliozzi R, Kim C, Klauck SM, Kolevzon A, Korvatska O, Kustanovich V, Lajonchere CM, Lamb JA, Laskawiec M, Leboyer M, Le Couteur A, Leventhal BL, Lionel AC, Liu XQ, Lord C, Lotspeich L, Lund SC, Maestrini E, Mahoney W, Mantoulan C, Marshall CR, McConachie H, McDougle CJ, McGrath J, McMahon WM, Melhem NM, Merikangas A, Migita O, Minshew NJ, Mirza GK, Munson J, Nelson SF, Noakes C, Noor A, Nygren G, Oliveira G, Papanikolaou K, Parr JR, Parrini B, Paton T, Pickles A, Piven J, Posey DJ, Poustka A, Poustka F, Prasad A, Ragoussis J, Renshaw K, Rickaby J, Roberts W, Roeder K, Roge B, Rutter ML, Bierut LJ, Rice JP, Salt J, Sansom K, Sato D, Segurado R, Senman L, Shah N, Sheffield VC, Soorya L, Sousa I, Stoppioni V, Strawbridge C, Tancredi R, Tansey K, Thiruvahindrapduram B, Thompson AP, Thomson S, Tryfon A, Tsiantis J, Van Engeland H, Vincent JB, Volkmar F, Wallace S, Wang K, Wang Z, Wassink TH, Wing K, Wittemeyer K, Wood S, Yaspan BL, Zurawiecki D, Zwaigenbaum L, Betancur C, Buxbaum JD, Cantor RM, Cook EH, Coon H, Cuccaro ML, Gallagher L, Geschwind DH, Gill M, Haines JL, Miller J, Monaco AP, Nurnberger JI, Paterson AD, Pericak-Vance MA, Schellenberg GD, Scherer SW, Sutcliffe JS, Szatmari P, Vicente AM, Vieland VJ, Wijsman EM, Devlin B, Ennis S, Hallmayer J. A genome-wide scan for common alleles affecting risk for autism. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:4072-82. [PMID: 20663923 PMCID: PMC2947401 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have a substantial genetic basis, most of the known genetic risk has been traced to rare variants, principally copy number variants (CNVs). To identify common risk variation, the Autism Genome Project (AGP) Consortium genotyped 1558 rigorously defined ASD families for 1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and analyzed these SNP genotypes for association with ASD. In one of four primary association analyses, the association signal for marker rs4141463, located within MACROD2, crossed the genome-wide association significance threshold of P < 5 × 10−8. When a smaller replication sample was analyzed, the risk allele at rs4141463 was again over-transmitted; yet, consistent with the winner's curse, its effect size in the replication sample was much smaller; and, for the combined samples, the association signal barely fell below the P < 5 × 10−8 threshold. Exploratory analyses of phenotypic subtypes yielded no significant associations after correction for multiple testing. They did, however, yield strong signals within several genes, KIAA0564, PLD5, POU6F2, ST8SIA2 and TAF1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Anney
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
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5
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Pinto D, Pagnamenta AT, Klei L, Anney R, Merico D, Regan R, Conroy J, Magalhaes TR, Correia C, Abrahams BS, Almeida J, Bacchelli E, Bader GD, Bailey AJ, Baird G, Battaglia A, Berney T, Bolshakova N, Bölte S, Bolton PF, Bourgeron T, Brennan S, Brian J, Bryson SE, Carson AR, Casallo G, Casey J, Chung BHY, Cochrane L, Corsello C, Crawford EL, Crossett A, Cytrynbaum C, Dawson G, de Jonge M, Delorme R, Drmic I, Duketis E, Duque F, Estes A, Farrar P, Fernandez BA, Folstein SE, Fombonne E, Freitag CM, Gilbert J, Gillberg C, Glessner JT, Goldberg J, Green A, Green J, Guter SJ, Hakonarson H, Heron EA, Hill M, Holt R, Howe JL, Hughes G, Hus V, Igliozzi R, Kim C, Klauck SM, Kolevzon A, Korvatska O, Kustanovich V, Lajonchere CM, Lamb JA, Laskawiec M, Leboyer M, Le Couteur A, Leventhal BL, Lionel AC, Liu XQ, Lord C, Lotspeich L, Lund SC, Maestrini E, Mahoney W, Mantoulan C, Marshall CR, McConachie H, McDougle CJ, McGrath J, McMahon WM, Merikangas A, Migita O, Minshew NJ, Mirza GK, Munson J, Nelson SF, Noakes C, Noor A, Nygren G, Oliveira G, Papanikolaou K, Parr JR, Parrini B, Paton T, Pickles A, Pilorge M, Piven J, Ponting CP, Posey DJ, Poustka A, Poustka F, Prasad A, Ragoussis J, Renshaw K, Rickaby J, Roberts W, Roeder K, Roge B, Rutter ML, Bierut LJ, Rice JP, Salt J, Sansom K, Sato D, Segurado R, Sequeira AF, Senman L, Shah N, Sheffield VC, Soorya L, Sousa I, Stein O, Sykes N, Stoppioni V, Strawbridge C, Tancredi R, Tansey K, Thiruvahindrapduram B, Thompson AP, Thomson S, Tryfon A, Tsiantis J, Van Engeland H, Vincent JB, Volkmar F, Wallace S, Wang K, Wang Z, Wassink TH, Webber C, Weksberg R, Wing K, Wittemeyer K, Wood S, Wu J, Yaspan BL, Zurawiecki D, Zwaigenbaum L, Buxbaum JD, Cantor RM, Cook EH, Coon H, Cuccaro ML, Devlin B, Ennis S, Gallagher L, Geschwind DH, Gill M, Haines JL, Hallmayer J, Miller J, Monaco AP, Nurnberger JI, Paterson AD, Pericak-Vance MA, Schellenberg GD, Szatmari P, Vicente AM, Vieland VJ, Wijsman EM, Scherer SW, Sutcliffe JS, Betancur C. Functional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disorders. Nature 2010; 466:368-72. [PMID: 20531469 DOI: 10.1038/nature09146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1441] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of conditions characterized by impairments in reciprocal social interaction and communication, and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviours. Individuals with an ASD vary greatly in cognitive development, which can range from above average to intellectual disability. Although ASDs are known to be highly heritable ( approximately 90%), the underlying genetic determinants are still largely unknown. Here we analysed the genome-wide characteristics of rare (<1% frequency) copy number variation in ASD using dense genotyping arrays. When comparing 996 ASD individuals of European ancestry to 1,287 matched controls, cases were found to carry a higher global burden of rare, genic copy number variants (CNVs) (1.19 fold, P = 0.012), especially so for loci previously implicated in either ASD and/or intellectual disability (1.69 fold, P = 3.4 x 10(-4)). Among the CNVs there were numerous de novo and inherited events, sometimes in combination in a given family, implicating many novel ASD genes such as SHANK2, SYNGAP1, DLGAP2 and the X-linked DDX53-PTCHD1 locus. We also discovered an enrichment of CNVs disrupting functional gene sets involved in cellular proliferation, projection and motility, and GTPase/Ras signalling. Our results reveal many new genetic and functional targets in ASD that may lead to final connected pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Pinto
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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Lahuis BE, Van Engeland H, Cahn W, Caspers E, Van der Geest JN, Van der Gaag RJ, Kemner C. Smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) in patients with multiple complex developmental disorder (MCDD), a subtype of the pervasive developmental disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2010; 10:905-12. [PMID: 18609441 DOI: 10.1080/15622970801901828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple complex developmental disorder (MCDD) is a well-defined and validated behavioural subtype of pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and is thought to be associated with a higher risk of developing a schizophrenic spectrum disorder. The question was addressed whether patients with MCDD show the same psychophysiological abnormalities as seen in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD Smooth pursuit eye movement (pursuit gain and saccadic parameters) was measured in children with either MCDD (n=18) or autism (n=18), and in age- and IQ-matched controls (n=36), as well as in a group of adult patients with schizophrenia (n=14) and a group of adult controls (n=17). RESULTS We found the expected effect of lower velocity gain and increased number of saccades in schizophrenic patients. Children with MCDD also showed a lower velocity gain compared to controls children. In contrast, velocity gain was similar in autistic subjects and controls. No differences for velocity gain were found in a direct comparison between MCDD and autism. Saccadic parameters were not significantly different from controls in either MCDD or autistic subjects. CONCLUSION Children with MCDD, like schizophrenic adults, show a reduced velocity gain, which could indicate that schizophrenia spectrum disorders and MCDD share (at least to some degree) a common neurobiological background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertine E Lahuis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Utrecht, and the Rudolph Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, The Netherlands.
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7
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Bogte H, Flamma B, Van Der Meere J, Van Engeland H. Divided attention capacity in adults with autism spectrum disorders and without intellectual disability. Autism 2009; 13:229-43. [PMID: 19369386 DOI: 10.1177/1362361309103793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Earlier research showed that divided attention, an aspect of executive function, is limited in both children and adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The current study explored divided attention capacity in adults with ASD and without intellectual disability (n = 36). Divided attention was tested using a computerized variant of a well-known memory recognition test, with two levels of cognitive load. The effect of cognitive load on reaction time performance is considered to be inversely proportional to divided attention capacity. The study failed to provide a relationship between divided attention and ASD, contrary to earlier research. Findings indicated that only the adults with ASD who used medication had a divided attention deficit, and that this group had specific difficulty reaching a binary decision in a memory search task. An additional finding was that the participants with ASD were overall slow. Possible causes and implications of these findings are discussed.
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8
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Popma A, Doreleijers TAH, Jansen LMC, Van Goozen SHM, Van Engeland H, Vermeiren R. The diurnal cortisol cycle in delinquent male adolescents and normal controls. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32:1622-8. [PMID: 17228341 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of low hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity have been observed in antisocial groups. As conflicting results have been reported in children and adolescents, the aim of this study was to further investigate HPA activity in antisocial behavior by studying the relationship between the diurnal cortisol cycle, as well as the cortisol awakening response (CAR), and antisocial behavior in male adolescents. The diurnal cortisol cycle and the CAR during the first hour after awakening were compared between 12- to 14-year-old boys who attended a delinquency diversion program (DP), with and without a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) (respectively DP+; n=24 and DP-; n=65), and matched normal controls (NC; n=32). The DP+ group, but not the DP- group, showed a significantly slower decrease of cortisol during the diurnal cycle than the NC group. Furthermore, the DP+ group had significantly lower cortisol levels in the first hour after awakening as compared with the NC group. The results indicate altered HPA activity in delinquent boys with a DBD. Etiological mechanisms, directions for future research, and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Popma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Szatmari P, Paterson A, Zwaigenbaum L, Roberts W, Brian J, Liu XQ, Vincent J, Skaug J, Thompson A, Senman L, Feuk L, Qian C, Bryson S, Jones M, Marshall C, Scherer S, Vieland V, Bartlett C, Mangin LV, Goedken R, Segre A, Pericak-Vance M, Cuccaro M, Gilbert J, Wright H, Abramson R, Betancur C, Bourgeron T, Gillberg C, Leboyer M, Buxbaum J, Davis K, Hollander E, Silverman J, Hallmayer J, Lotspeich L, Sutcliffe J, Haines J, Folstein S, Piven J, Wassink T, Sheffield V, Geschwind D, Bucan M, Brown T, Cantor R, Constantino J, Gilliam C, Herbert M, Lajonchere C, Ledbetter D, Lese-Martin C, Miller J, Nelson S, Samango-Sprouse C, Spence S, State M, Tanzi R, Coon H, Dawson G, Devlin B, Estes A, Flodman P, Klei L, Mcmahon W, Minshew N, Munson J, Korvatska E, Rodier P, Schellenberg G, Smith M, Spence A, Stodgell C, Tepper PG, Wijsman E, Yu CE, Rogé B, Mantoulan C, Wittemeyer K, Poustka A, Felder B, Klauck S, Schuster C, Poustka F, Bölte S, Feineis-Matthews S, Herbrecht E, Schmötzer G, Tsiantis J, Papanikolaou K, Maestrini E, Bacchelli E, Blasi F, Carone S, Toma C, Van Engeland H, De Jonge M, Kemner C, Koop F, Langemeijer M, Hijmans C, Staal W, Baird G, Bolton P, Rutter M, Weisblatt E, Green J, Aldred C, Wilkinson JA, Pickles A, Le Couteur A, Berney T, Mcconachie H, Bailey A, Francis K, Honeyman G, Hutchinson A, Parr J, Wallace S, Monaco A, Barnby G, Kobayashi K, Lamb J, Sousa I, Sykes N, Cook E, Guter S, Leventhal B, Salt J, Lord C, Corsello C, Hus V, Weeks D, Volkmar F, Tauber M, Fombonne E, Shih A, Meyer K. Mapping autism risk loci using genetic linkage and chromosomal rearrangements. Nat Genet 2007; 39:319-28. [PMID: 17322880 PMCID: PMC4867008 DOI: 10.1038/ng1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 967] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common, heritable neurodevelopmental conditions. The genetic architecture of ASDs is complex, requiring large samples to overcome heterogeneity. Here we broaden coverage and sample size relative to other studies of ASDs by using Affymetrix 10K SNP arrays and 1,181 [corrected] families with at least two affected individuals, performing the largest linkage scan to date while also analyzing copy number variation in these families. Linkage and copy number variation analyses implicate chromosome 11p12-p13 and neurexins, respectively, among other candidate loci. Neurexins team with previously implicated neuroligins for glutamatergic synaptogenesis, highlighting glutamate-related genes as promising candidates for contributing to ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences
McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario]Offord Centre for Child StudiesHamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Andrew Paterson
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto
University of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenDepartment of Molecular GeneticsMcLaughlin CentreToronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics
University of Alberta [Edmonton]Edmonton, AL T6G 2J3, USA
| | - Wendy Roberts
- Autism Research Unit
University of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Jessica Brian
- Autism Research Unit
University of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto
University of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenDepartment of Molecular GeneticsMcLaughlin CentreToronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - John Vincent
- Department of Psychiatry
University of TorontoDepartment of Psychiatry - 250 College Street 8th floor Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Jennifer Skaug
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto
University of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenDepartment of Molecular GeneticsMcLaughlin CentreToronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Ann Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences
McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario]Offord Centre for Child StudiesHamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Lili Senman
- Autism Research Unit
University of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lars Feuk
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto
University of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenDepartment of Molecular GeneticsMcLaughlin CentreToronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Cheng Qian
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto
University of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenDepartment of Molecular GeneticsMcLaughlin CentreToronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Susan Bryson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology
Dalhousie University [Halifax]Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre - Halifax, Canada
| | - Marshall Jones
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences
Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
| | - Christian Marshall
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto
University of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenDepartment of Molecular GeneticsMcLaughlin CentreToronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Stephen Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto
University of TorontoThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenDepartment of Molecular GeneticsMcLaughlin CentreToronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1L7
- Department of Molecular Genetics [Toronto]
University of Toronto1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- * Correspondence should be addressed to Stephen Scherer
| | - Veronica Vieland
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine
Ohio State University [Columbus]Nationwide Children's Hospital700 Childrens Dr, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Christopher Bartlett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - La Vonne Mangin
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine
Ohio State University [Columbus]Nationwide Children's Hospital700 Childrens Dr, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Rhinda Goedken
- Department of Computer Science
University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alberto Segre
- Department of Computer Science
University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Margaret Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
University of MiamiDr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Michael Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
University of MiamiDr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - John Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
University of MiamiDr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Harry Wright
- W.S. Hall Psychiatric Institute
University of South Carolina [Columbia]Columbia, South Carolina SC 29203, USA
| | - Ruth Abramson
- W.S. Hall Psychiatric Institute
University of South Carolina [Columbia]Columbia, South Carolina SC 29203, USA
| | - Catalina Betancur
- Neurobiologie et Psychiatrie
INSERM U513AP-HP, Groupe hospitalier Henri Mondor-Albert ChenevierUniversité Paris 12 - Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives
Institut Pasteur [Paris]Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique25-28 rue du Docteur Roux F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre
Gothenburg UniversityVasagatan 33, 411 37 Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Child Health
University College of London [London]Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marion Leboyer
- IMRB, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
INSERMIFR10Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 128 rue du Général Sarrail 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Joseph Buxbaum
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York]New York 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York]1428 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kenneth Davis
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York]New York 10029, USA
- Department of Meteorology
Pennsylvania State University503 Walker Building University Park, PA 16802-5013, USA
| | - Eric Hollander
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York]New York 10029, USA
| | - Jeremy Silverman
- Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York]New York 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh]
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine [Pittsburgh]Thomas Detre Hall of the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Joachim Hallmayer
- Stanford University School of Medicine [Stanford]
Stanford University [Stanford]291 Campus Drive Rm LK3C02 Li Ka Shing Building, 3rd floor Dean's Office, MC 5216 Stanford, CA 94305-5101
| | - Linda Lotspeich
- Department of Psychiatry
Stanford University School of MedicineDivision of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Child Development, Stanford, CA 94304,
| | - James Sutcliffe
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute
Vanderbilt University Medical CentreCenter for Human Genetics Research - Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics and Psychiatry
Vanderbilt University of NashvilleCenters for Human Genetics Research and Molecular NeuroscienceNashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jonathan Haines
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute
Vanderbilt University Medical CentreCenter for Human Genetics Research - Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Susan Folstein
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics
University of MiamiDr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
- Department of Psychiatry
Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore, MD
| | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities
The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillUniversity of North Carolina Chapel Hill Campus Box # 7255 Chapel Hill, N.C. 27599-3366
| | - Thomas Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry
Carver College of MedicineIowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Val Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics
Howard Hughes MedicalInstitute Carver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Daniel Geschwind
- Department of Neurology
UCLA School of MedicineLos Angeles, California
| | - Maja Bucan
- Department of Genetics
University of PennsylvaniaSchool of Medicine3451 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ted Brown
- N.Y.S. Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities
N.Y.S. Institute for Basic Research in Developmental DisabilitiesStaten Island, NY
| | - Rita Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, UCLA
University of California at Los Angeles [Los Angeles]Semel InstituteDavid Geffen School of Medicine, CA 90095
| | - John Constantino
- Department of Psychiatry
Washington university in St. LouisSchool of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Conrad Gilliam
- University of Chicago
Edward H. Levi Hall 5801 South Ellis Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Martha Herbert
- Harvard Medical School
Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston]Boston, MA
| | - Clara Lajonchere
- Autism Genetic Resource Exchange
Autism SpeaksLos Angeles, California 90036-4234
| | - David Ledbetter
- Department of Genetics
Emory University [Atlanta, GA]Atlanta, GA
- Developmental Brain and Behaviour Unit
University of Southampton [Southampton]School of Psychology - University Rd, Southampton SO17 1BJ
| | | | | | - Stan Nelson
- Institute of Human Genetics
Bonn Universität [Bonn]Regina-Pacis-Weg 3, 53113 Bonn
| | - Carol Samango-Sprouse
- Children's National Medical Center
George Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine - 2121 I St NW, Washington, DC 20052
| | - Sarah Spence
- Department of Human Genetics, UCLA
University of California at Los Angeles [Los Angeles]Semel InstituteDavid Geffen School of Medicine, CA 90095
| | - Matthew State
- Institute of Human Genetics
Bonn Universität [Bonn]Regina-Pacis-Weg 3, 53113 Bonn
| | - Rudolph Tanzi
- Massachusetts General Hospital
Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA
| | - Hilary Coon
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience
IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris PisaViale del Tirreno 331 - 56128, Calambrone, Pisa
| | - Geraldine Dawson
- Autism Speaks and the Department of Psychiatry
The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh]
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine [Pittsburgh]Thomas Detre Hall of the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Annette Estes
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences
University of Washington [Seattle]Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Pamela Flodman
- Department of Pediatrics
University of California, Irvine [Irvine]Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Lambertus Klei
- Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh]
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine [Pittsburgh]Thomas Detre Hall of the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - William Mcmahon
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience
IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris PisaViale del Tirreno 331 - 56128, Calambrone, Pisa
| | - Nancy Minshew
- Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh]
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine [Pittsburgh]Thomas Detre Hall of the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Jeff Munson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
University of Washington [Seattle]Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Elena Korvatska
- Department of Pediatrics
University of California, Irvine [Irvine]Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Patricia Rodier
- Department of OB/GYN
University of Rochester Medical Center601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Gerard Schellenberg
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
University of PennsylvaniaPennsylvania 19104
| | - Moyra Smith
- Department of Pediatrics
University of California, Irvine [Irvine]Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Anne Spence
- Department of Pediatrics
University of California, Irvine [Irvine]Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Chris Stodgell
- Department of OB/GYN
University of Rochester Medical Center601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Ping Guo Tepper
- Department of Epidemiology
University of Pittsburgh4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Ellen Wijsman
- Departments of Biostatistics and Medicine
University of Washington [Seattle]Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine
University of Washington [Seattle]Seattle, WA
| | - Bernadette Rogé
- Octogone, Octogone Unité de Recherche Interdisciplinaire
Université Toulouse 2Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (campus Mirail)Maison de la Recherche 5, Allées A. Machado 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9
| | - Carine Mantoulan
- Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi
CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]Service d'endocrinologie, génétique, gynécologie et maladies de l'os, Toulouse
| | - Kerstin Wittemeyer
- Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford [Oxford]Warneford HospitalHeadington, Oxford, OX3 7JX
| | - Annemarie Poustka
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis
German Cancer Research CenterIm Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121 Heidelberg
| | - Bärbel Felder
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis
German Cancer Research CenterIm Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121 Heidelberg
| | - Sabine Klauck
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis
German Cancer Research CenterIm Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121 Heidelberg
| | - Claudia Schuster
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis
German Cancer Research CenterIm Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121 Heidelberg
| | - Fritz Poustka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainSenckenberganlage 31 - 60325 Frankfurt am Main
| | - Sven Bölte
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainSenckenberganlage 31 - 60325 Frankfurt am Main
| | - Sabine Feineis-Matthews
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainSenckenberganlage 31 - 60325 Frankfurt am Main
| | - Evelyn Herbrecht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainSenckenberganlage 31 - 60325 Frankfurt am Main
| | - Gabi Schmötzer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy
Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am MainSenckenberganlage 31 - 60325 Frankfurt am Main
| | - John Tsiantis
- University Department of Child Psychiatry
Athens UniversityMedical School, Agia Sophia Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens
| | - Katerina Papanikolaou
- University Department of Child Psychiatry
Athens UniversityMedical School, Agia Sophia Children's Hospital, 115 27 Athens
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology
Università di Bologna [Bologna]Via Zamboni, 33, 40126 Bologna
| | - Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology
Università di Bologna [Bologna]Via Zamboni, 33, 40126 Bologna
| | - Francesca Blasi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology
Università di Bologna [Bologna]Via Zamboni, 33, 40126 Bologna
| | - Simona Carone
- Medical Genetics Laboratory
Policlinico S. Orsola-MalpighiVia Pietro Albertoni, 15, 40138 Bologna
| | - Claudio Toma
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology
Università di Bologna [Bologna]Via Zamboni, 33, 40126 Bologna
| | - Herman Van Engeland
- Department of Psychiatry
University Medical Center UtrechtBrain Center Rudolf MagnusHeidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht
| | - Maretha De Jonge
- Department of Psychiatry
University Medical Center UtrechtBrain Center Rudolf MagnusHeidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht
| | - Chantal Kemner
- Department of Neurocognition
Maastricht University [Maastricht]Faculty of Psychology - Minderbroedersberg 4, 6211 LK Maastricht
| | - Frederieke Koop
- Department of Psychiatry
University Medical Center UtrechtBrain Center Rudolf MagnusHeidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht
| | - Marjolein Langemeijer
- Department of Psychiatry
University Medical Center UtrechtBrain Center Rudolf MagnusHeidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht
| | - Channa Hijmans
- Department of Psychiatry
University Medical Center UtrechtBrain Center Rudolf MagnusHeidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht
| | - Wouter Staal
- Department of Psychiatry
University Medical Center UtrechtBrain Center Rudolf MagnusHeidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht
| | - Gillian Baird
- Newcomen Centre
Guy's Hospital [London]London, SE1 9RT
| | - Patrick Bolton
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Institute of psychiatryLondon, SE5 8AF
| | - Michael Rutter
- SGDP, MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre
The Institute of PsychiatryKing's College LondonStrand, London WC2R 2LS
| | - Emma Weisblatt
- University of Cambridge Clinical School
University of CambridgeCambridge
| | - Jonathan Green
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre
Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchester M13 9NT
| | - Catherine Aldred
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre
Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchester M13 9NT
| | - Julie-Anne Wilkinson
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre
Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchester M13 9NT
| | - Andrew Pickles
- Department of Medicine, Manchester
The University of Manchester [Manchester]School of Epidemiology and Health ScienceManchester M13 9PT
| | - Ann Le Couteur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Newcastle University [Newcastle]Institute of Health & Society (Child & Adolescent Psychiatry)3rd Floor - Sir James Spence Institute - Royal Victoria Infirmary - Queen Victoria Road - Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP
| | - Tom Berney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Newcastle University [Newcastle]Institute of Health & Society (Child & Adolescent Psychiatry)3rd Floor - Sir James Spence Institute - Royal Victoria Infirmary - Queen Victoria Road - Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP
| | - Helen Mcconachie
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Newcastle University [Newcastle]Sir James Spence Institute, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP
| | - Anthony Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford [Oxford]Warneford HospitalHeadington, Oxford, OX3 7JX
| | - Kostas Francis
- Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford [Oxford]Warneford HospitalHeadington, Oxford, OX3 7JX
| | - Gemma Honeyman
- Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford [Oxford]Warneford HospitalHeadington, Oxford, OX3 7JX
| | - Aislinn Hutchinson
- Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford [Oxford]Warneford HospitalHeadington, Oxford, OX3 7JX
| | - Jeremy Parr
- Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford [Oxford]Warneford HospitalHeadington, Oxford, OX3 7JX
- Institutes of Neuroscience and Health and Society
Newcastle University [Newcastle]Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU
| | - Simon Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry
University of Oxford [Oxford]Warneford HospitalHeadington, Oxford, OX3 7JX
| | - Anthony Monaco
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics
University of Oxford [Oxford]Roosevelt Drive - Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN
| | - Gabrielle Barnby
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics
University of Oxford [Oxford]Roosevelt Drive - Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics
University of Oxford [Oxford]Roosevelt Drive - Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN
| | - Janine Lamb
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics
University of Oxford [Oxford]Roosevelt Drive - Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Manchester
The University of Manchester [Manchester]Manchester, M13 9PT
| | - Ines Sousa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics
University of Oxford [Oxford]Roosevelt Drive - Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN
| | - Nuala Sykes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics
University of Oxford [Oxford]Roosevelt Drive - Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN
| | - Edwin Cook
- Department of Psychiatry
Institute for Juvenile ResearchUniversity of Illinois at Chicago2035 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612
- Institute for Juvenile Research
University of Illinois at ChicagoDepartment of Psychiatry - 2035 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Stephen Guter
- Department of Psychiatry
Institute for Juvenile ResearchUniversity of Illinois at Chicago2035 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Disability and Human Development
University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL 60608
| | - Bennett Leventhal
- Department of Psychiatry
Institute for Juvenile ResearchUniversity of Illinois at Chicago2035 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
New York University [New York]NYU Child Study Center - 70 Washington Square S, New York, NY 10012
| | - Jeff Salt
- Department of Psychiatry [Pittsburgh]
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine [Pittsburgh]Thomas Detre Hall of the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Catherine Lord
- Autism and Communicative Disorders Centre
University of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christina Corsello
- Autism and Communicative Disorders Centre
University of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vanessa Hus
- Autism and Communicative Disorders Centre
University of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan
| | - Daniel Weeks
- Human Genetics Department
University of Pittsburgh4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
- SFU-DMG, SFU Discrete Mathematics Group
Simon Fraser UniversityDept. Mathematics, SFU 8888 University Drive Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6
| | - Fred Volkmar
- Child Study Centre
Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, Connecticut 0652
| | - Maïté Tauber
- Centre d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale
CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]Hôpital des Enfants330, avenue de Grande-Bretagne - TSA 70034 - 31059 Toulouse cedex 9
| | - Eric Fombonne
- Department of Child Psychiatry
McGill University [Montreal]Montreal Children's Hospital2300 rue Tupper, Montreal, H3H 1P3
| | - Andy Shih
- Scientific Affairs
Autism Speaks2 Park Avenue, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - Kacie Meyer
- University of Iowa [Iowa]
University of IowaIowa City, IA 52242
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Zeegers M, Van Der Grond J, Durston S, Nievelstein RJ, Witkamp T, Van Daalen E, Buitelaar J, Engeland HV. Radiological findings in autistic and developmentally delayed children. Brain Dev 2006; 28:495-9. [PMID: 16616445 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2006.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2005] [Revised: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 02/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of brain abnormalities in a group of young children with developmental disorders, specifically including children that came to the attention of a child psychiatrist before the age of 3 years. METHODS Forty-five children participated in an MR study (mean age 43 months, SD=12, four females). The study design was approved by the local Medical Ethical Review Board. All parents gave written informed consent. Scans were independently assessed by two board-certified radiologists for malformations of gray and white matter. RESULTS Cohen's kappa for the consensus between the two raters was 0.79. In 22 children (49%) abnormalities were reported. Four patients (8.5%) had an arachnoid cyst. One female was diagnosed with a Chiari I malformation. Three children show enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces, an increased occurrence when compared to the normal population. CONCLUSIONS A high rate of intracranial abnormalities was found in this study. Radiological findings do not contribute to the diagnosis of developmental disorders. However, young children with developmental disorders may not be able to express discomfort associated with brain abnormalities, such as a Chiari I malformation. Given the high prevalence of abnormalities in this sample neuroimaging may be a useful tool in clinically assessing children with developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijke Zeegers
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with slight increases in brain volume. There has been some suggestion that medial temporal lobe structures may be preferentially involved in this disorder, although results have not always been consistent. Here, we investigate amygdala and hippocampus volumes in medication-naive subjects with high-functioning autism. METHOD Whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 42 patients and 42 closely matched, healthy control subjects. RESULTS Amygdala volume did not differ significantly between patients and controls. A significant increase in hippocampal volume was proportional to an increase in overall brain volume. CONCLUSIONS These results argue against preferential involvement of medial temporal lobe structures in autism, at least in high-functioning medication-naive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia J M C Palmen
- Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Child, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Palmen SJMC, Hulshoff Pol HE, Kemner C, Schnack HG, Sitskoorn MM, Appels MCM, Kahn RS, Van Engeland H. Brain anatomy in non-affected parents of autistic probands: a MRI study. Psychol Med 2005; 35:1411-1420. [PMID: 16164765 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291705005015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an estimated genetic origin of 90%. Previous studies have reported an increase in brain volume of approximately 5% in autistic subjects, especially in children. If this increase in brain volume is genetically determined, biological parents of autistic probands might be expected to show brain enlargement, or at least intracranial enlargement, as well. Identifying structural brain abnormalities under genetic control is of particular importance as these could represent endophenotypes of autism. METHOD Using quantitative anatomic brain magnetic resonance imaging, volumes of intracranial, total brain, frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobe, cerebral and cortical gray and white matter, cerebellum, lateral ventricle, and third ventricle were measured in biological, non-affected parents of autistic probands (19 couples) and in healthy, closely matched control subjects (20 couples). RESULTS No significant differences were found between the parents of the autistic probands and healthy control couples in any of the brain volumes. Adding gender as a factor in a second analysis did not reveal a significant interaction effect of gender by group. CONCLUSIONS The present sample of biological, non-affected parents of autistic probands did not show brain enlargements. As the intracranium is not enlarged, it is unlikely that the brain volumes of the parents of autistic probands have originally been enlarged and have been normalized. Thus, increased brain volume in autism might be caused by the interaction of paternal and maternal genes, possibly with an additional effect of environmental factors, or increased brain volumes might reflect phenotypes of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia J M C Palmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
A cross-sectional study of 3426 referred children and adolescents showed that the presence of both migration history and family dysfunction was associated with a fourfold (95% CI 2-9) higher risk of psychotic symptoms compared with the absence of these factors. The relative risk was 2 (95% CI 1-4) for migration history only. Interaction between migration history and family dysfunction accounted for 58% (95% CI 5-91%) of those with psychotic symptoms. These results suggest a relationship between family dysfunction and migration in the development of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Patino
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Palmen SJMC, Hulshoff Pol HE, Kemner C, Schnack HG, Durston S, Lahuis BE, Kahn RS, Van Engeland H. Increased gray-matter volume in medication-naive high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder. Psychol Med 2005; 35:561-570. [PMID: 15856726 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291704003496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To establish whether high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have enlarged brains in later childhood, and if so, whether this enlargement is confined to the gray and/or to the white matter and whether it is global or more prominent in specific brain regions. METHOD Brain MRI scans were acquired from 21 medication-naive, high-functioning children with ASD between 7 and 15 years of age and 21 comparison subjects matched for gender, age, IQ, height, weight, handedness, and parental education, but not pubertal status. RESULTS Patients showed a significant increase of 6% in intracranium, total brain, cerebral gray matter, cerebellum, and of more than 40% in lateral and third ventricles compared to controls. The cortical gray-matter volume was evenly affected in all lobes. After correction for brain volume, ventricular volumes remained significantly larger in patients. CONCLUSIONS High-functioning children with ASD showed a global increase in gray-matter, but not white-matter and cerebellar volume, proportional to the increase in brain volume, and a disproportional increase in ventricular volumes, still present after correction for brain volume. Advanced pubertal development in the patients compared to the age-matched controls may have contributed to the findings reported in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia J M C Palmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Kemner C, Jonkman LM, Kenemans JL, Böcker KBE, Verbaten MN, Van Engeland H. Sources of auditory selective attention and the effects of methylphenidate in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 55:776-8. [PMID: 15039009 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2003] [Revised: 12/09/2003] [Accepted: 12/11/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine 1) whether abnormal auditory selective attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as reflected in the processing negativity (PN) of the event-related potential, is related to impaired frontal functioning; and 2) how methylphenidate (MPh) affects attentional functioning in ADHD. METHODS Sources of electrical brain activity were estimated in healthy control children, in ADHD children without medication, and in children with ADHD during a placebo-controlled medication trial involving MPh. RESULTS The source models showed that the PN is generated in the auditory cortex. Children with ADHD showed less activity related to selective attention in this brain region. Administration of MPh resulted in more frontally located sources. CONCLUSIONS The results showed no evidence for an important role of the frontal cortex in abnormalities in selective attention in children with ADHD. Also, the data did not indicate that MPh normalizes brain activity in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Kemner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Both twin and family studies have revealed the involvement of genetic factors in disorders that affect the regulation of body weight, such as obesity and anorexia nervosa. However, pinpointing the genes that contribute to these human disorders has not yet been very successful. In contrast, genetic studies in animals have been basic for the identification of many genes involved in the regulation of various physiological processes of energy metabolism. We thus plan to review here ways in which findings from animal studies and what is known about behavioural diversity in the human population with eating disorders can be combined. This would probably optimise phenotype-based candidate gene analysis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martien J H Kas
- Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Lahuis B, Kemner C, Van Engeland H. Magnetic resonance imaging studies on autism and childhood-onset schizophrenia in children and adolescents - a review. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2003; 15:140-7. [PMID: 26983357 DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-5215.2003.00021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find out whether the neurodevelopmental disorders autism and childhood-onset schizophrenia have a common developmental pathway and whether the abnormalities detected are 'disorder-specific', by reviewing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. METHODS As a result of a Medline search, we were able to access 28 studies on autism and 12 studies on childhood-onset schizophrenia, which focused on children and adolescents. RESULTS Larger lateral ventricles were found to be a common abnormality in both disorders. 'Disorder-specific' abnormalities in patients with autism were larger brains, a larger thalamic area, and a smaller right cingulate gyrus. Subjects with childhood-onset schizophrenia were found to have smaller brains, a smaller amygdalum and thalamus, and a larger nucleus caudatus. In subjects with childhood-onset schizophrenia, abnormalities appeared to progress over a limited period of time. CONCLUSIONS Because the study designs varied so much, the results should be interpreted cautiously. Before abnormalities found in the disorders can be designated as equal or 'disorder-specific', it will be essential to perform large longitudinal and cross-sectional follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertine Lahuis
- 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Kemner
- 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Herman Van Engeland
- 1Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Thijssen JHH, Van Goozen SHM, Van Engeland H, Matute LMP, Blankenstein MA. None of Four Commercially Available Assays Detects Prolactin in Human Saliva. Clin Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/46.9.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marinus A Blankenstein
- Endocrinological Laboratory
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, KC03.063.0, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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