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Steinhorst L, He G, Moore LK, Schültke S, Schmitz-Thom I, Cao Y, Hashimoto K, Andrés Z, Piepenburg K, Ragel P, Behera S, Almutairi BO, Batistič O, Wyganowski T, Köster P, Edel KH, Zhang C, Krebs M, Jiang C, Guo Y, Quintero FJ, Bock R, Kudla J. A Ca 2+-sensor switch for tolerance to elevated salt stress in Arabidopsis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2081-2094.e7. [PMID: 36007523 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Excessive Na+ in soils inhibits plant growth. Here, we report that Na+ stress triggers primary calcium signals specifically in a cell group within the root differentiation zone, thus forming a "sodium-sensing niche" in Arabidopsis. The amplitude of this primary calcium signal and the speed of the resulting Ca2+ wave dose-dependently increase with rising Na+ concentrations, thus providing quantitative information about the stress intensity encountered. We also delineate a Ca2+-sensing mechanism that measures the stress intensity in order to mount appropriate salt detoxification responses. This is mediated by a Ca2+-sensor-switch mechanism, in which the sensors SOS3/CBL4 and CBL8 are activated by distinct Ca2+-signal amplitudes. Although the SOS3/CBL4-SOS2/CIPK24-SOS1 axis confers basal salt tolerance, the CBL8-SOS2/CIPK24-SOS1 module becomes additionally activated only in response to severe salt stress. Thus, Ca2+-mediated translation of Na+ stress intensity into SOS1 Na+/H+ antiporter activity facilitates fine tuning of the sodium extrusion capacity for optimized salt-stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Steinhorst
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gefeng He
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lena K Moore
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schültke
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ina Schmitz-Thom
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Yibo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Zaida Andrés
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Katrin Piepenburg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paula Ragel
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Smrutisanjita Behera
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Oliver Batistič
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Wyganowski
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Köster
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kai H Edel
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caifu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Francisco J Quintero
- Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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2
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Wang FL, Tan YL, Wallrad L, Du XQ, Eickelkamp A, Wang ZF, He GF, Rehms F, Li Z, Han JP, Schmitz-Thom I, Wu WH, Kudla J, Wang Y. A potassium-sensing niche in Arabidopsis roots orchestrates signaling and adaptation responses to maintain nutrient homeostasis. Dev Cell 2021; 56:781-794.e6. [PMID: 33756120 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Organismal homeostasis of the essential ion K+ requires sensing of its availability, efficient uptake, and defined distribution. Understanding plant K+ nutrition is essential to advance sustainable agriculture, but the mechanisms underlying K+ sensing and the orchestration of downstream responses have remained largely elusive. Here, we report where plants sense K+ deprivation and how this translates into spatially defined ROS signals to govern specific downstream responses. We define the organ-scale K+ pattern of roots and identify a postmeristematic K+-sensing niche (KSN) where rapid K+ decline and Ca2+ signals coincide. Moreover, we outline a bifurcating low-K+-signaling axis of CIF peptide-activated SGN3-LKS4/SGN1 receptor complexes that convey low-K+-triggered phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidases RBOHC, RBOHD, and RBOHF. The resulting ROS signals simultaneously convey HAK5 K+ uptake-transporter induction and accelerated Casparian strip maturation. Collectively, these mechanisms synchronize developmental differentiation and transcriptome reprogramming for maintaining K+ homeostasis and optimizing nutrient foraging by roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ya-Lan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lukas Wallrad
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Xin-Qiao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Anna Eickelkamp
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Zhi-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ge-Feng He
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Rehms
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian-Pu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ina Schmitz-Thom
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jörg Kudla
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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3
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Hazak O, Mamon E, Lavy M, Sternberg H, Behera S, Schmitz-Thom I, Bloch D, Dementiev O, Gutman I, Danziger T, Schwarz N, Abuzeineh A, Mockaitis K, Estelle M, Hirsch JA, Kudla J, Yalovsky S. A novel Ca2+-binding protein that can rapidly transduce auxin responses during root growth. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000085. [PMID: 31295257 PMCID: PMC6650080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling cross talks between auxin, a regulator of plant development, and Ca2+, a universal second messenger, have been proposed to modulate developmental plasticity in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report that in Arabidopsis roots, auxin elicits specific Ca2+ signaling patterns that spatially coincide with the expression pattern of auxin-regulated genes. We have identified the single EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein Ca2+-dependent modulator of ICR1 (CMI1) as an interactor of the Rho of plants (ROP) effector interactor of constitutively active ROP (ICR1). CMI1 expression is directly up-regulated by auxin, whereas the loss of function of CMI1 associates with the repression of auxin-induced Ca2+ increases in the lateral root cap and vasculature, indicating that CMI1 represses early auxin responses. In agreement, cmi1 mutants display an increased auxin response including shorter primary roots, longer root hairs, longer hypocotyls, and altered lateral root formation. Binding to ICR1 affects subcellular localization of CMI1 and its function. The interaction between CMI1 and ICR1 is Ca2+-dependent and involves a conserved hydrophobic pocket in CMI1 and calmodulin binding-like domain in ICR1. Remarkably, CMI1 is monomeric in solution and in vitro changes its secondary structure at cellular resting Ca2+ concentrations ranging between 10-9 and 10-8 M. Hence, CMI1 is a Ca2+-dependent transducer of auxin-regulated gene expression, which can function in a cell-specific fashion at steady-state as well as at elevated cellular Ca2+ levels to regulate auxin responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Hazak
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elad Mamon
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meirav Lavy
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hasana Sternberg
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Smrutisanjita Behera
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ina Schmitz-Thom
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daria Bloch
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Olga Dementiev
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itay Gutman
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tomer Danziger
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Netanel Schwarz
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anas Abuzeineh
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keithanne Mockaitis
- Department of Biology, University of Indiana, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mark Estelle
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joel A. Hirsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Shaul Yalovsky
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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4
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Feng W, Kita D, Peaucelle A, Cartwright HN, Doan V, Duan Q, Liu MC, Maman J, Steinhorst L, Schmitz-Thom I, Yvon R, Kudla J, Wu HM, Cheung AY, Dinneny JR. The FERONIA Receptor Kinase Maintains Cell-Wall Integrity during Salt Stress through Ca 2+ Signaling. Curr Biol 2018; 28:666-675.e5. [PMID: 29456142 PMCID: PMC5894116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells maintain integrity despite changes in their mechanical properties elicited during growth and environmental stress. How cells sense their physical state and compensate for cell-wall damage is poorly understood, particularly in plants. Here we report that FERONIA (FER), a plasma-membrane-localized receptor kinase from Arabidopsis, is necessary for the recovery of root growth after exposure to high salinity, a widespread soil stress. The extracellular domain of FER displays tandem regions of homology with malectin, an animal protein known to bind diglucose in vitro and important for protein quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum. The presence of malectin-like domains in FER and related receptor kinases has led to widespread speculation that they interact with cell-wall polysaccharides and can potentially serve a wall-sensing function. Results reported here show that salinity causes softening of the cell wall and that FER is necessary to sense these defects. When this function is disrupted in the fer mutant, root cells explode dramatically during growth recovery. Similar defects are observed in the mur1 mutant, which disrupts pectin cross-linking. Furthermore, fer cell-wall integrity defects can be rescued by treatment with calcium and borate, which also facilitate pectin cross-linking. Sensing of these salinity-induced wall defects might therefore be a direct consequence of physical interaction between the extracellular domain of FER and pectin. FER-dependent signaling elicits cell-specific calcium transients that maintain cell-wall integrity during salt stress. These results reveal a novel extracellular toxicity of salinity, and identify FER as a sensor of damage to the pectin-associated wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Kita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Alexis Peaucelle
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR1318, Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique-AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Science, Route de St-Cyr, Versailles 78026, France; Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Heather N Cartwright
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vinh Doan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jacob Maman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Leonie Steinhorst
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ina Schmitz-Thom
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Robert Yvon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Lederle Graduate Research Tower, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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5
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Behera S, Long Y, Schmitz-Thom I, Wang XP, Zhang C, Li H, Steinhorst L, Manishankar P, Ren XL, Offenborn JN, Wu WH, Kudla J, Wang Y. Two spatially and temporally distinct Ca 2+ signals convey Arabidopsis thaliana responses to K + deficiency. New Phytol 2017; 213:739-750. [PMID: 27579668 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In plants, potassium (K+ ) homeostasis is tightly regulated and established against a concentration gradient to the environment. Despite the identification of Ca2+ -regulated kinases as modulators of K+ channels, the immediate signaling and adaptation mechanisms of plants to low-K+ conditions are only partially understood. To assess the occurrence and role of Ca2+ signals in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, we employed ratiometric analyses of Ca2+ dynamics in plants expressing the Ca2+ reporter YC3.6 in combination with patch-clamp analyses of root cells and two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) analyses in Xenopus laevis oocytes. K+ deficiency triggers two successive and distinct Ca2+ signals in roots exhibiting spatial and temporal specificity. A transient primary Ca2+ signature arose within 1 min in the postmeristematic stelar tissue of the elongation zone, while a secondary Ca2+ response occurred after several hours as sustained Ca2+ elevation in defined tissues of the elongation and root hair differentiation zones. Patch-clamp and TEVC analyses revealed Ca2+ dependence of the activation of the K+ channel AKT1 by the CBL1-CIPK23 Ca2+ sensor-kinase complex. Together, these findings identify a critical role of cell group-specific Ca2+ signaling in low K+ responses and indicate an essential and direct role of Ca2+ signals for AKT1 K+ channel activation in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrutisanjita Behera
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ina Schmitz-Thom
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Xue-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Leonie Steinhorst
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Prabha Manishankar
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ling Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jan Niklas Offenborn
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 7, Münster, 48149, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (SKLPPB), College of Biological Sciences, National Plant Gene Research Centre (Beijing), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Behera S, Wang N, Zhang C, Schmitz-Thom I, Strohkamp S, Schültke S, Hashimoto K, Xiong L, Kudla J. Analyses of Ca2+ dynamics using a ubiquitin-10 promoter-driven Yellow Cameleon 3.6 indicator reveal reliable transgene expression and differences in cytoplasmic Ca2+ responses in Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa) roots. New Phytol 2015; 206:751-60. [PMID: 25641067 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) signatures are central to developmental processes and adaptive responses in plants. However, high-resolution studies of Ca(2+) dynamics using genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicators (GECIs) such as Yellow Cameleon (YC) proteins have so far not been conducted in important model crops such as rice (Oryza sativa). We conducted a comparative study of 35S and ubiquitin-10 (UBQ10) promoter functionality in Arabidopsis thaliana and O. sativa plants expressing the Ca(2+) indicator Yellow Cameleon 3.6 (YC3.6) under control of the UBQ10 or 35S promoter. Ca(2+) signatures in roots of both species were analyzed during exposure to hyperpolarization/depolarization cycles or in response to application of the amino acid glutamate. We found a superior performance of the UBQ10 promoter with regard to expression pattern, levels and expression stabilities in both species. We observed remarkable differences between the two species in the spatiotemporal parameters of the observed Ca(2+) signatures. Rice appeared in general to respond with a lower maximal signal amplitude but greatly increased signal duration when compared with Arabidopsis. Our results identify important advantages to using the UBQ10 promoter in Arabidopsis and rice and in T-DNA mutant backgrounds. Moreover, the observed differences in Ca(2+) signaling in the two species underscore the need for comparative studies to achieve a comprehensive understanding of Ca(2+) signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrutisanjita Behera
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Schlossplatz 4, 48149, Münster, Germany
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7
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Essmann J, Schmitz-Thom I, Schön H, Sonnewald S, Weis E, Scharte J. RNA interference-mediated repression of cell wall invertase impairs defense in source leaves of tobacco. Plant Physiol 2008; 147:1288-99. [PMID: 18502974 PMCID: PMC2442523 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.121418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The significance of cell wall invertase (cwINV) for plant defense was investigated by comparing wild-type tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Samsun NN (SNN) with plants with RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated repression of cwINV (SNNcwINV). In source leaves of SNNcwINV, the activity of cwINV was repressed by about 90%. Sucrose export and apoplastic carbohydrate levels were significantly reduced, while photosynthesis and dark respiration exhibited little or no change. Activities of sucrose synthase and phosphofructokinase were depressed moderately, while ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was diminished greatly. Yet, the content of cytosolic/vacuolar carbohydrates was not significantly lower, which correlated with the absence of phenotypic effects in SNNcwINV under normal growing conditions. By contrast, defense-related processes in primary metabolism and hypersensitive cell death were impaired and delayed in correlation with repression of cwINV. The increase in cwINV observed in source leaves of the resistant wild type following infection with Phytophthora nicotianae was absent in SNNcwINV. Also, defense-related callose deposition at cell-to-cell interfaces, the related decline in sugar export, and accumulation of apoplastic carbohydrates were reduced and delayed. Expression of pathogenesis-related proteins and increase in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were alleviated. Formation of hydrogen peroxide and development of hypersensitive lesions were weak and heterogeneous, and the pathogen was able to sporulate. We conclude that in photosynthetically active leaves of the apoplastic phloem loader, tobacco cwINV plays an essential role for acquisition of carbohydrates during plant-pathogen interactions and that the availability of these carbohydrates supports the onset of the hypersensitive reaction and ensures successful defense.
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