1
|
Kanecki K, Lewtak K, Tyszko P, Kosińska I, Tarka P, Goryński P, Nitsch-Osuch A. Newborn Hospitalizations Before and During COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland: A Comparative Study Based on a National Hospital Registry. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1606272. [PMID: 38420514 PMCID: PMC10899492 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: There are limited data on the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak in Poland on newborn health. The aim of the study is to show recent information on hospitalizations of newborns in Poland in the pre-pandemic and COVID-19 pandemic era. Methods: A retrospective, population-based study was conducted using data from hospital discharge records of patients hospitalized in 2017-2021. Results: The data on which the study was based consisted of a substantial number of 104,450 hospitalization records. Annual hospitalization rate was estimated to be 50.3-51.9 per 1,000 in 2017-2019, 56 per 1,000 in 2020 and it rose to 77.7 per 1,000 in 2021. In comparison to the pre-pandemic period, in the COVID-19 era, we observed significantly more hospitalization cases of newborns affected by maternal renal and urinary tract diseases (p < 0.001), syndrome of infant of mother with gestational diabetes (p < 0.001), maternal complications of pregnancy (p < 0.001). In the COVID-19 era, the prevalence of COVID-19 among newborns was 4.5 cases per 1,000 newborn hospitalizations. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak could significantly contribute to qualitative and quantitative changes in hospitalizations among newborns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kanecki
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lewtak
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Tyszko
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Irena Kosińska
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Tarka
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Goryński
- Department of Population Health Monitoring and Analysis, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lewtak K, Kanecki K, Tyszko P, Goryński P, Kosińska I, Poznańska A, Rząd M, Nitsch-Osuch A. Hospitalizations of Ukrainian Migrants and Refugees in Poland in the Time of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph192013350. [PMID: 36293932 PMCID: PMC9603686 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the face of a sudden influx of several million migrants and war refugees from Ukraine to other European countries, knowledge about the health of Ukrainian citizens becomes increasingly important. The aim of the study is to identify the main health problems of hospitalized Ukrainian citizens residing in Poland in the period from 2014 to June 2022. METHODS This study is based on hospitalization data of Ukrainian patients in Poland taken from the Nationwide General Hospital Morbidity Study. RESULTS The study group covered 8591 hospitalization records. We observed two hospitalization peaks, one in patients aged 0-5 and the other one in those aged 20-35. After the official outbreak of the war, 2231 Ukrainian citizens were hospitalized in Poland. At this time, the most often reported principal reasons for the hospitalizations of adult women were diseases related to pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, whereas in groups of adult men diseases were related to injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes, and in children and adolescents diseases were infectious and parasitic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings may have implications for healthcare policies and service provision to newly arrived migrants and war refugees in target European countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Lewtak
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kanecki
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Tyszko
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, 2 Jaczewskiego Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Goryński
- National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska Street, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Kosińska
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Poznańska
- National Institute of Public Health NIH-National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska Street, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Rząd
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, 3 Oczki Street, 02-007 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kanecki K, Nitsch-Osuch A, Goryński P, Wojtyniak B, Juszczyk G, Magdalena B, Kosińska I, Tyszko P. Hospitalizations for COVID-19 in Poland: a study based on data from a national hospital register. Pol Arch Intern Med 2021; 131:535-540. [PMID: 33876908 DOI: 10.20452/pamw.15946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID‑19 has been identified by the World Health Organization as a pandemic. Poland introduced extensive antiepidemic measures relatively early in order to slow down the spread of the disease. OBJECTIVES The study aims to present recent data on COVID‑19 hospitalizations during the first months of the disease outbreak in Poland. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective, population‑based study conducted using hospital discharge records that included a diagnosis of COVID-19. Data were obtained from the National Institute of Public Health, where they had been originally collected for a Polish hospital morbidity study. They included 8840 hospitalization records from the period between February and September 2020. RESULTS Overall, there were 8252 records of patients hospitalized for COVID‑19 for the first time, which accounted for 93% of all hospitalizations. The study group consisted of 4161 men (50.4%) and 4091 women (49.6%). Significantly more patients from urban than rural areas were hospitalized (21.8 per 100 000 vs 20.5 per 100 000; P <0.02). In the period subject to analysis, 1073 in‑hospital deaths were observed (13% of all patients), 965 of which occurred during first‑time hospitalizations (11.7% of all patients). In the study group, patients who died during hospitalization compared with those who survived hospitalization were significantly older, more frequently lived in urban areas, and had more comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study, especially the differences between survivors and nonsurvivors with COVID-19, may be helpful in recognizing patients requiring special medical care and preventive measures during hospitalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kanecki
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Goryński
- National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogdan Wojtyniak
- National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Juszczyk
- Department of Public Health, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bogdan Magdalena
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Kosińska
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Tyszko
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,Institute of Rural Health in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kosińska I, Nitsch-Osuch A. [Benzo(a)pyrene in atmospheric and indoor air, health hazards and possibilities of limitation]. Pol Merkur Lekarski 2020; 49:282-288. [PMID: 32827427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The work discusses the occurrence of benzo (a) pyrene in atmospheric air and indoor air, as well as health threats caused by this environmental pollution. The results of research conducted worldwide and in Poland were referred to. Poland belongs to the European Union country, where high levels of benzo(a)pyrene are recorded in both atmospheric air and indoor air (residential houses) exceeding 1ng/m3. Considering the fact that this pollution is highly carcinogenic one should strive to reduce the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene in the air in Poland, recognizing and eliminating its sources. Installation of dedusting equipment in residential areas is possible but expensive. This creates an inequality in the access to fresh air in the rooms. The World Health Organization strongly promotes measures to reduce emissions of benzo(a)pyrene. On the other hand, extensive information campaigns should be carried out to make the public aware of the exposure, its sources and options of prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Kosińska
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department Social Medicine and Public Health
| | - Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Medical University of Warsaw, Department Social Medicine and Public Health
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kanecki K, Kosińska I, Tyszko PZ, Nitsch-Osuch A, Goryński P, Zieliński G. Asbestosis hospitalizations in Poland (2006-2016): results from the National Hospital Discharge Registry. Ann Agric Environ Med 2020; 27:284-289. [PMID: 32588607 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/118898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Occupational asbestos exposure is one of the major public health issues. Although asbestos use in Poland has decreased, asbestosis continues to remain an important health concern in the area of occupational medicine. The aim of the study is to perform a descriptive analysis of hospitalization cases in patients suffering from asbestosis in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS The authors used hospital discharge records to conduct a retrospective, population-based study. To estimate the asbestosis hospitalization rate, data from the Nationwide General Hospital Morbidity Study conducted by the National Institute of Public Health were used. Events were defined as in-patient hospital discharges during 2006-2016. 1,101 hospitalization records of 764 patients were included in the study. RESULTS In the study group of first-time hospitalized patients, the mean and median ages were 68.1 and 69 years, respectively; CI: 67.3-68.9; SD: 11.1, min-max:16-99 years. In this group, significant gender differences were observed (560 males vs. 204 female; P<0.001). No statistical differences were observed regarding the place of residence. During the observation period, 61 in-hospital deaths were reported (8% of all patients), 40 of whom (5.2 % of all patients) took place during the first-time hospitalizations. Asbestosis hospitalizations were mainly clustered in the south-western region, whereas the highest hospitalization rates were clustered in several areas of Poland. CONCLUSIONS The authors believe this study to be the first evaluation of asbestosis in Poland made on the basis of the hospital morbidity database. The data presented may be helpful in comparative studies on the epidemiology of asbestosis across European countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kanecki
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Heath, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Kosińska
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Heath, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Aneta Nitsch-Osuch
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Heath, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Goryński
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zieliński
- Faculty of Law and Administration, Kazimierz Pułaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kosińska I, Nitsch-Osuch A, Kanecki K, Goryński P, Tyszko P. Use of hospital morbidity data in an epidemiological analysis of diseases caused
by Legionella pneumophila. Med Og Nauk Zdr 2018. [DOI: 10.26444/monz/101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
7
|
Grąt M, Wronka KM, Lewandowski Z, Grąt K, Krasnodębski M, Stypułkowski J, Hołówko W, Masior Ł, Kosińska I, Wasilewicz M, Raszeja-Wyszomirska J, Rejowski S, Bik E, Patkowski W, Krawczyk M. Effects of continuous use of probiotics before liver transplantation: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2017; 36:1530-1539. [PMID: 28506447 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
8
|
Grąt M, Wronka KM, Krasnodębski M, Masior Ł, Lewandowski Z, Kosińska I, Grąt K, Stypułkowski J, Rejowski S, Wasilewicz M, Gałęcka M, Szachta P, Krawczyk M. Profile of Gut Microbiota Associated With the Presence of Hepatocellular Cancer in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:1687-91. [PMID: 27496472 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes within the gut microbiota contribute to the progression of chronic liver diseases. According to the results of several studies performed in animal models, gut dysbiosis plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of gut microbiota associated with the presence of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis of the liver undergoing liver transplantation. METHODS A total of 15 patients with HCC and 15 non-HCC patients matched according to etiology of cirrhosis and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores who underwent liver transplantations between 2012 and 2014 were included. Analysis of their gut microbial profile was based on prospectively collected stool samples from the pretransplant period. RESULTS Patients with and without HCC were similar with respect to age (P = .506), sex (P = .700), hepatitis C virus (P > .999) and hepatitis B virus (P = .715) infection status, alcoholic liver disease (P > .999), and MELD score (P = .337). Notably, the presence of HCC was associated with significantly increased fecal counts of Escherichia coli (P = .025). Prediction of HCC presence based on E coli counts was associated with the area under the receiver-operating curve of 0.742 (95% confidence interval, 0.564-0.920), with the optimal cutoff on the level of 17.728 (natural logarithm of colony-forming units per 1 g of feces). Sensitivity and specificity rates for the established cutoff were 66.7% and 73.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The profile of gut microbiota associated with the presence of HCC in cirrhotic patients is characterized by increased fecal counts of E coli. Therefore, intestinal overgrowth of E coli may contribute to the process of hepatocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Grąt
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - K M Wronka
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Krasnodębski
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ł Masior
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Lewandowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - I Kosińska
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Grąt
- Second Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Stypułkowski
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - S Rejowski
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Wasilewicz
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Gałęcka
- Institute of Microecology, Poznań, Poland
| | - P Szachta
- Institute of Microecology, Poznań, Poland
| | - M Krawczyk
- Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grąt M, Hołówko W, Wronka KM, Grąt K, Lewandowski Z, Kosińska I, Krasnodębski M, Wasilewicz M, Gałęcka M, Szachta P, Zborowska H, Patkowski W, Krawczyk M. The relevance of intestinal dysbiosis in liver transplant candidates. Transpl Infect Dis 2015; 17:174-84. [PMID: 25728703 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbial ecosystem plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. However, the association of microbial community structure with the severity of liver dysfunction is not completely understood. METHODS Fecal microflora was assessed in 40 patients with liver cirrhosis listed for primary liver transplantation (LT). Independent associations between fecal microbial counts and serum bilirubin, serum creatinine, international normalized ratio (INR), and the Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score were established in multiple linear regression models. RESULTS Bifidobacterium (standardized regression coefficient [sβ] = -0.549; P < 0.001), Enterococcus (sβ = 0.369; P = 0.004), and yeast (sβ = 0.315; P = 0.018) numbers were independently associated with serum bilirubin, while Escherichia coli counts (sβ = 0.318; P = 0.046) correlated with INR, and Bifidobacterium counts (sβ = 0.410; P = 0.009) with serum creatinine. Only Bifidobacterium (sβ = -0.468; P = 0.003) and Enterococcus (sβ = 0.331; P = 0.029) counts were independent predictors of the MELD score. Bifidobacterium/Enterococcus ratio, proposed as a measure of pre-LT gut dysbiosis, was significantly related to the MELD score following the adjustment for the absolute Bifidobacterium (sβ = -0.333; P = 0.029) and Enterococcus (sβ = -0.966; P = 0.003) numbers. This pre-transplant dysbiosis ratio (PTDR) was significantly correlated with Enterococcus (R = -0.897; P < 0.001) but not with Bifidobacterium (R = 0.098; P = 0.546) counts. Among the other components of gut microflora, only hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-producing Lactobacillus strains significantly influenced Enterococcus counts (sβ = 0.349; P = 0.028) and PTDR (sβ = -0.318; P = 0.046). CONCLUSION While the abundance of both Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus is related to liver dysfunction, the size of the Enterococcus population seems to be the most important determinant of pre-LT gut dysbiosis in cirrhotic patients. The H2 O2 -producing Lactobacillus strains potentially ameliorate this dysbiotic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Grąt
- Department of General, Transplant, and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grąt M, Hołówko W, Gałecka M, Grąt K, Szachtaz P, Lewandowsk Z, Kosińska I, Schmidts M, Olejnik-Schmidt A, Krawczyk M. Gut microbiota in cirrhotic liver transplant candidates. Hepatogastroenterology 2014; 61:1661-1667. [PMID: 25436359 DOI: 10.5754/hge14368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gut microflora of liver transplant candidates. METHODOLOGY Fecal microflora of 20 cirrhotic liver transplant candidates was analyzed basing on prospectively collected stool samples. The results were compared with those of 20 non-cirrhotic patients with liver disease and/or abnormal liver function tests, 20 patients with Crohn’s disease, and 20 patients without any gastrointestinal disease. Moreover, correlations between particular counts of microbiota, as well as between microbial counts and stool pH were examined. RESULTS The pattern of fecal microbiota of liver transplant candidates was characterized by increased counts of lactobacilli (p=0.001), including hydrogen peroxide producing strains (p=0.008). In these patients, lactobacilli were positively correlated to enterococci (p=0.006) and bifidobacteria (p=0.004). No correlations other than those observed for lactobacilli in general were observed between hydrogen peroxide producing lactobacilli and the remaining microbiota. Increased yeast and Escherichia coli counts were associated with a tendency towards lower (p=0.095) and higher (p=0.072) stool pH, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Surprisingly, gut microflora of liver transplant candidates with cirrhosis is particularly enriched with lactobacilli, including hydrogen peroxide producing strains. Thus, the use of other potentially beneficial microorganisms, such as particular yeast strains, might be more appropriate for these patients.
Collapse
|
11
|
Alaraj M, Pieniak M, Kowalczyk M, Kosińska I. Insulin impairs the anticonvulsive activity of carbamazepine against maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 1998; 58:283-6. [PMID: 9949555 DOI: 10.55782/ane-1998-1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In view of the data indicating that insulin can modify penetration of some drugs across cell membranes and tissue barriers, particularly the blood-brain barrier, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of insulin on both the anticonvulsant activity and the brain concentration of carbamazepine in mice suffering from seizures induced by maximal electroshock. The antiepileptic drug was administered per os in single doses either alone or in combination with insulin given as single intraperitoneal injections. To assess the anticonvulsant activity of carbamazepine the ED50 values were calculated. The results indicate that insulin given in doses up to 2 units/kg did not affect the convulsive threshold, whereas insulin applied at 2 units/kg led to a significant reduction in the anticonvulsant activity of carbamazepine, as judged by an increase in the ED50 value from 16.2 to 41.3 mg/kg. This effect was accompanied by the marked reduction in both the brain and blood concentrations of the drug. It is likely, therefore, that the inhibitory activity of insulin on the anticonvulsive function of carbamazepine is related not only to the effect of the former on the blood-brain transport of the latter, but also to insulin-induced modulation of the serum concentration of the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alaraj
- Department of Neurochemistry, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alaraj M, Kosińska I, Lazarewicz JW. Effects of caffeine on NMDA-evoked 45Ca2+ release in the rate dentate gyrus in vivo. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 1998; 58:239-46. [PMID: 9949549 DOI: 10.55782/ane-1998-1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine in 10(-2) M concentration per se activates ryanodine receptors (RyR) in vitro, thereby increasing the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). In general opinion, caffeine applied in vivo in much lower doses does not affect [Ca2+]i in neurones. However, it was recently demonstrated that caffeine in low concentrations in vitro potentiates evoked Ca2+ release in neurones via RyR. Microdialysis of the rat dentate gyrus (DG), combined with measurement of 45Ca2+ efflux, has been used in our laboratory to study in vivo NMDA-evoked calcium induced calcium release (CICR) via RyR. The aim of the present microdialysis study was to investigate in vivo effects of caffeine, applied systemically in a pharmacologically-relevant dose, and locally in the dialysis medium in very high concentration, on the NMDA-evoked CICR in DG neurones. To ensure steady brain concentration of caffeine, its systemic (i.p.) administration in a dose of 40 mg/kg was followed by a continuous i.p. infusion of 80 micrograms/kg/min and application of 0.4 mM caffeine in the dialysis medium. The results demonstrated that in the rat DG, local administration of 50 mM caffeine significantly stimulates a spontaneous 45Ca2+ efflux and its release induced by 5 mM NMDA. However, systemic administration of caffeine had no effect on spontaneous and NMDA-induced 45Ca2+ release in the rat DG, which supports the view that caffeine, applied in vivo, even in high doses, does not influence CICR in brain neurones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alaraj
- Department of Neurochemistry, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kraska T, Tymińska K, Kosińska I. [Physical efficiency of patients resuming work following acute myocardial infarct]. Pol Tyg Lek 1978; 33:1503-5. [PMID: 693401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|