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Bozzi G, Simonetti FR, Watters SA, Anderson EM, Gouzoulis M, Kearney MF, Rote P, Lange C, Shao W, Gorelick R, Fullmer B, Kumar S, Wank S, Hewitt S, Kleiner DE, Hattori J, Bale MJ, Hill S, Bell J, Rehm C, Grossman Z, Yarchoan R, Uldrick T, Maldarelli F. No evidence of ongoing HIV replication or compartmentalization in tissues during combination antiretroviral therapy: Implications for HIV eradication. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav2045. [PMID: 31579817 PMCID: PMC6760922 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
HIV persistence during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is the principal obstacle to cure. Mechanisms responsible for persistence remain uncertain; infections may be maintained by persistence and clonal expansion of infected cells or by ongoing replication in anatomic locations with poor antiretroviral penetration. These mechanisms require different strategies for eradication, and determining their contributions to HIV persistence is essential. We used phylogenetic approaches to investigate, at the DNA level, HIV populations in blood, lymphoid, and other infected tissues obtained at colonoscopy or autopsy in individuals who were on cART for 8 to 16 years. We found no evidence of ongoing replication or compartmentalization of HIV; we did detect clonal expansion of infected cells that were present before cART. Long-term persistence, and not ongoing replication, is primarily responsible for maintaining HIV. HIV-infected cells present when cART is initiated represent the only identifiable source of persistence and is the appropriate focus for eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Bozzi
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F. R. Simonetti
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - S. A. Watters
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - E. M. Anderson
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - M. Gouzoulis
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - M. F. Kearney
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - P. Rote
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - C. Lange
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - W. Shao
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - R. Gorelick
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - B. Fullmer
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - S. Kumar
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S. Wank
- Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S. Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D. E. Kleiner
- Laboratory of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J. Hattori
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - M. J. Bale
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - S. Hill
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - J. Bell
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - C. Rehm
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Z. Grossman
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - R. Yarchoan
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T. Uldrick
- HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F. Maldarelli
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD, USA
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Masuda K, Hattori J, Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Katoh N. 061 Clinical features of urticaria in children. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Arai M, Koike T, Moriyasu M, Ito S, Ootsuka T, Inagaki T, Hattori J, Yoshino K, Kuroiwa M. Implementation of critical care staff based rapid response team. effect of rapid response system to the unpredicted death. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4796971 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hattori J, Johnson DA. Fast-Growing Rhizobium japonicum That Effectively Nodulates Several Commercial Glycine max L. Merrill Cultivars. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 48:234-5. [PMID: 16346594 PMCID: PMC240382 DOI: 10.1128/aem.48.1.234-235.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several isolates of fast-growing Rhizobium japonicum that nodulate the wild soybean Glycine soja have been recently described (Keyser et al., Science 215:1631-1632, 1982). We demonstrate that one of these isolates, designated PRC 440 or USDA 191, has a wider host range than that previously reported and is able to nodulate several commercial Glycine max cultivars as effectively as does slow-growing R. japonicum 61A76. Electron microscopic examination revealed no obvious differences between strain 61A76- and strain USDA 191-induced nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hattori
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, KIN 6N5 Canada
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Harris LJ, Alexander NJ, Saparno A, Blackwell B, McCormick SP, Desjardins AE, Robert LS, Tinker N, Hattori J, Piché C, Schernthaner JP, Watson R, Ouellet T. A novel gene cluster in Fusarium graminearum contains a gene that contributes to butenolide synthesis. Fungal Genet Biol 2007; 44:293-306. [PMID: 17175185 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Revised: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of expressed sequence tag (EST) databases, directed transformation and a sequenced genome has facilitated the functional analysis of Fusarium graminearum genes. Extensive analysis of 10,397 ESTs, derived from thirteen cDNA libraries of F. graminearum grown under diverse conditions, identified a novel cluster of eight genes (gene loci fg08077-fg08084) located within a 17kb region of genomic sequence contig 1.324. The expression of these genes is concomitantly up-regulated under growth conditions that promote mycotoxin production. Gene disruption and add-back experiments followed by metabolite analysis of the transformants indicated that one of the genes, fg08079, is involved in butenolide synthesis. The mycotoxin butenolide is produced by several Fusarium species and has been suggested, but not proven, to be associated with tall fescue toxicoses in grazing cattle. This is the first report of the identification of a gene involved in the biosynthetic pathway of butenolide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Harris
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ont, Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ogino
- Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Shikata-cho 2-5-1, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
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Foster E, Hattori J, Zhang P, Labbé H, Martin-Heller T, Li-Pook-Than J, Ouellet T, Malik K, Miki B. The new RENT family of repetitive elements in Nicotiana species harbors gene regulatory elements related to the tCUP cryptic promoter. Genome 2003; 46:146-55. [PMID: 12669807 DOI: 10.1139/g02-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The tCUP cryptic constitutive promoter was discovered in the tobacco genome by T-DNA (transfer DNA) tagging with a promoterless GUS-nos gene. Here, we show that the portion of the tCUP sequence containing a variety of cryptic gene regulatory elements is related to a new family of moderately repetitive sequences (10(2) copies), the RENT (repetitive element from Nicotiana tabacum) family. The RENT family is found only in certain Nicotiana species. Five RENT elements were cloned and sequenced. The RENT elements are a minimum of 5 kb in length and share 80-90% sequence similarity throughout their length. The 5' termini are the same in the isolated RENT family members and are characterized by a conserved border sequence (TGTTGA(T or C)ACCCAATTTT(T or C)). The 3' ends of RENT sequence similarity vary in location and sequence. The tCUP cryptic promoter originated from a unique truncated RENT element that interrupts a phytochelatin synthase-like gene that may have undergone rearrangements prior to or resulting from T-DNA insertion. No evidence was found for expressed coding regions within the RENT elements; however, like the cryptic gene regulatory elements within the tCUP sequence, the isolated RENT elements possess promoter activity and translational enhancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Foster
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Room 2091, KW Neatby Bldg, CEF, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the usefulness of the scalp-recorded ictal EEGs in diagnosing childhood epilepsy. METHODS We analyzed the ictal EEGs of 259 seizures in 183 patients who visited the department of child neurology, Okayama University Medical School, during the past 6 years. RESULTS We divided all seizures into the following four categories, according to the diagnostic usefulness of ictal EEGs in determining the seizure type: 1. (a) Ictal EEGs confirmed the diagnosis of the seizure type based on seizure symptoms (101 seizures); (b) Ictal EEGs aided in the classification of the seizure type based on the seizure symptoms (101 seizures); (c) Ictal EEGs corrected errors in the classification (37 seizures); and (d) Ictal EEGs revealed previously unreported/undocumented seizure type (20 seizures). 2. Of the 37 misdiagnosed seizures (group C), 11 were nonepileptic seizures misdiagnosed as epileptic seizures, eight were complex partial seizures (CPS) misdiagnosed as the other seizure types, and 10 were other seizure types misdiagnosed as CPSs. 3. Of the 20 previously unreported/undocumented seizures (group D), nine were myoclonic seizures, five were absence seizures, five were CPS, and one was tonic spasms. 4. Seventy-two patients had CPS. Among them, 11 patients showed no epileptic spikes in their interictal EEG recordings. Therefore, ictal recordings confirmed the diagnosis of epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS Ictal EEG recording is a very useful diagnostic tool not only for determining seizure types, but also for uncovering the existence of the unsuspected seizure types. It supplies the physician with useful information for the classification and the treatment of epilepsy. In particular, ictal EEGs are useful in diagnosing patients with CPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoshinaga
- Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Medical School, Shikatacho 2-5-1 Okayama, Japan 7008558.
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Kaneda T, Murakami T, Hagiwara T, Hattori J, Yamamoto K, Sato K, Morishita T, Utsumi M. Defective HIV-1 provirus found in peripheral T lymphocytes and granulocytes in an AIDS patient imply viral infection of progenitor cells. AIDS 2001; 15:939-40. [PMID: 11399969 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200105040-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Murakami T, Hagiwara T, Yamamoto K, Hattori J, Kasami M, Utsumi M, Kaneda T. A novel method for detecting HIV-1 by non-radioactive in situ hybridization: application of a peptide nucleic acid probe and catalysed signal amplification. J Pathol 2001; 194:130-5. [PMID: 11329152 DOI: 10.1002/path.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel in situ hybridization (ISH) method for detecting human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) was developed by applying a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probe and a catalysed signal amplification (CSA) method. The PNA probe used in the present study possessed 15 base sequences of the HIV-1 protease gene, and the 5' end of the probe was labelled with the fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) molecule. The hybridized probe was detected by sequential reactions of the following antibodies and reagents: horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-FITC antibody, biotinylated tyramide (first amplification), HRP-labelled streptavidin, biotinylated tyramide (second amplification), and streptavidin-conjugated Alexa 488. The signal of Alexa 488 was finally detected by fluorescence microscopy. HIV-1-related dotted signals were clearly obtained in HIV-1 persistently infected cell lines, MOLT4-III(B) and ACH-2, and CD4-positive T lymphocytes from AIDS patients. For light microscopy, HRP-labelled streptavidin was reacted instead of streptavidin-conjugated Alexa 488 at the final treatment, followed by diaminobenzidine as chromogen. This method can detect HIV-1 in either blood smear samples or paraffin-embedded autopsy tissue and is useful as a sensitive non-radioactive method for in situ hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Murakami
- Department of Clinical Research, Nagoya National Hospital (Tokai Area Central Hospital for AIDS Treatment and Research), 4-1-1 Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Aichi, Japan
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11
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Hattori J, Yamakage M, Iwasaki S, Chen X, Tsujiguchi N, Namiki A. Usefulness of midazolam premedication for volatile induction of anesthesia in adults. J Anesth 2001; 15:117-9. [PMID: 14566537 DOI: 10.1007/s005400170041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Hattori
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South 1, West 16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543, Japan
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Yoshinaga H, Hattori J, Nakahori T, Ohtsuka Y, Oka E, Tomita S, Ohmoto T, Miyamoto K. Combined use of sphenoidal electrodes and the dipole localization method for the identification of the mesial temporal focus. Eur J Neurol 2001; 8:149-56. [PMID: 11284993 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2001.00202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We attempted to sub-classify four cases who show temporal spikes on standard scalp electroencephalogram (EEG), using sphenoidal electrodes and the dipole localization METHOD In a case with mesial temporal epilepsy, spikes showed phase reversal in a sphenoidal electrode, and the spike dipoles were estimated to be in the mesial temporal lobe. In a case with lateral temporal epilepsy, spikes showed no phase reversal in a sphenoidal electrode, and the spike dipoles were estimated to be in the lateral temporal lobe. In two cases out of four, spikes showed phase reversal in sphenoidal electrodes, whilst the dipoles were estimated to be in the frontal lobe. Clinical features also suggested a diagnosis of frontal lobe epilepsy. In one of the two cases in which frontal lobe epilepsy was suspected, ictal dipoles as well as interictal spike dipoles indicated participation of the frontal lobe in the genesis of seizures. Nevertheless, only mesial temporal lobectomy was performed based on results obtained by invasive subdural electrodes. As a result, seizures were not controlled. Although sphenoidal electrodes were useful for differentiating between mesial and lateral temporal lobe foci, it is advisable to use them in combination with the dipole localization method to identify frontal lobe foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoshinaga
- Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan.
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Abstract
We performed a clinical and electroencephalographic follow-up study on 25 patients with West syndrome that was responsive to vitamin B(6) (eight cryptogenic patients and 17 symptomatic patients) who were older than 3 years at the last follow-up. All cryptogenic patients and 13 symptomatic patients were seizure free at the last follow-up. All cryptogenic patients and seven symptomatic patients had intelligent quotient or developmental quotient scores of 75 or higher. The recurrence of clinical seizures was always associated with increases in epileptic discharges. We could successfully discontinue pyridoxal phosphate administration in four cryptogenic and four symptomatic patients who were 1 year, 8 months to 24 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohtsuka
- Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Hattori J, Yoshinaga H, Murakami N, Oka E, Kawauchi M, Ohmoto T. [A case with congenital hydrocephaly and west syndrome who recovered from hypsarrhythmia after the resolution of shunt trouble]. No To Hattatsu 2000; 32:341-5. [PMID: 10916375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus occasionally causes West syndrome, but the mechanism is unknown. We experienced a case with West syndrome and congenital hydrocephaly, in which the EEG findings improved after the resolution of shunt complications. The course of this case implied the pathogenesis of West syndrome associated with congenital hydrocephaly, as well as the origin of the seizures and that of the EEG findings in West syndrome. A 7-month-old girl had congenital hydrocephaly. A prenatal diagnosis was made by ultrasonography, and ventricle-peritoneal shunting was performed 7 days after birth. During the following 7 months several shunt replacements were done because of recurrent shunt complications. Her first series of infantile spasms began at the age of 6 months, and treatment was started under the diagnosis of West syndrome. One month later, her seizures were controlled by pyridoxal phosphate, while the EEG still showed hypsarrythmia. Her shunt was then removed again, because of bacterial meningitis due to shunt infection. The recovery from shunt complication resulted in marked improvement of the hypsarrhythmia. Our experience and previous literature suggest the involvement of cerebral cortex in the occurrence of West syndrome associated with congenital hydrocephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hattori
- Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University, Medical School
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Yamakage M, Tsujiguchi N, Hattori J, Kamada Y, Namiki A. Low-temperature modification of the inhibitory effects of volatile anesthetics on airway smooth muscle contraction in dogs. Anesthesiology 2000; 93:179-88. [PMID: 10861162 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200007000-00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because exposure to low temperature can modify the effect of volatile anesthetics on airway smooth muscle contraction, this study was conducted to investigate low-temperature modifications of the inhibitory effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on canine tracheal smooth muscle tone by simultaneously measuring the muscle tension and intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and by measuring voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity. METHODS [Ca2+]i was monitored by the 500-nm light emission ratio of preloaded fura-2, a Ca2+ indicator. Isometric tension was measured simultaneously. Whole cell patch clamp recording techniques were used to observe voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity in dispersed muscle cells. Isoflurane (0-3.0%) or sevoflurane (0-3%) was introduced to a bath solution at various temperatures (37, 34, or 31 degrees C). RESULTS Low temperature (34 or 31 degrees C) reduced high-K+-induced (72.7 mm) muscle contraction and increased [Ca2+]i, but it enhanced carbachol-induced (1 microm) muscle contraction with a decrease in [Ca2+]i. The volatile anesthetics tested showed significant inhibition of both high-K+-induced and carbachol-induced airway smooth muscle contraction, with a concomitant decrease in [Ca2+]i. The inhibition of the carbachol-induced muscle contraction by volatile anesthetics was abolished partially by exposure to low temperature. Volatile anesthetics and low-temperature exposure significantly inhibited voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity of the smooth muscle. CONCLUSIONS Exposure of airway smooth muscle to low temperature leads to an increase in agonist-induced muscle contractility, with a decrease in [Ca2+]i. The inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity by exposure to low temperature and by volatile anesthetics cam be attributed, at least in part, to the decrease in [Ca2+]i.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamakage
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Yoshino K, Takeda N, Sugimoto M, Nakashima K, Okumura S, Hattori J, Sasaki A, Kawachi S, Takami K, Takami R, Yasuda K. Differential effects of troglitazone and D-chiroinositol on glucosamine-induced insulin resistance in vivo in rats. Metabolism 1999; 48:1418-23. [PMID: 10582551 DOI: 10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Troglitazone and D-chiroinositol have been shown to exert antidiabetic effects by either potentiating or mimicking insulin action. We studied whether pretreatment with these compounds can prevent the deleterious effects of glucosamine on insulin action that may play an important role in hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance. Normal Wistar rats were pretreated with troglitazone (100 mg/kg/d), D-chiroinositol (100 mg/kg/d), or placebo (saline) for 7 days. Glucosamine (50 micromol/kg/min) was then infused for 210 minutes, and a euglycemic glucose clamp was performed during the last 120 minutes. Pretreatment with troglitazone or D-chiroinositol had no effect on fasting plasma glucose or insulin or basal hepatic glucose output (HGO). Under the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic (956+/-93 pmol/L) clamp condition, HGO in glucosamine-infused placebo-treated rats was not suppressed, but instead was increased over the basal level, indicative of hepatic insulin resistance. In contrast, HGO failed to increase during glucosamine infusion in rats pretreated with troglitazone but was not normally suppressed. This may indicate a partial improvement in the hepatic insulin resistance. D-Chiroinositol pretreatment had no effect on the glucosamine-induced increase in HGO. The glucose disposal rate (GDR) was 25% lower in rats infused with glucosamine versus saline-infused rats (25.5+/-2.5 v 34.1+/-2.0 mg/kg/min), indicative of peripheral insulin resistance. Pretreatment with D-chiroinositol (34.5+/-2.3 mg/kg/min) prevented the glucosamine-induced decrease in the GDR, indicating an improvement in peripheral insulin resistance. Troglitazone (25.2+/-3.3 mg/kg/min) was without effect. In conclusion, (1) in normal control rats, glucosamine infusion induced hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance; (2) D-chiroinositol, but not troglitazone, pretreatment prevented glucosamine-induced peripheral insulin resistance; and (3) troglitazone, but not D-chiroinositol, partially blocked the glucosamine-induced hepatic insulin resistance. D-Chiroinositol may provide a novel pharmacological approach to hexosamine-induced peripheral insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshino
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
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17
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Abstract
In order to evaluate the effectiveness of presurgical dipole analysis of interictal spikes as a non-invasive technique for the determination of epileptogenic area, we compared the results of this method with those of electrocorticography (ECoG) localization in the diagnosis of a patient with tumor-related epilepsy. A preoperative MRI revealed a temporal lobe tumor on the right side. The individual dipoles estimated from the interictal spikes were located mainly in the anterolateral region of the right temporal lobe, although some were located in the mesial side. The ECoG recorded frequent spikes in the anterolateral region of the right temporal lobe consistent with the location estimated by dipole analysis. After surgery, the patient suffered from residual seizures. Therefore, the residual epileptogenic area was examined by dipole analysis using a four-layered head model instead of the previous three-layered head model. As a result, the dipole analysis was able to pinpoint the epileptic focus in the area directly adjacent to the resected area, and in the mesial temporal lobe. In conclusion, EEG dipole analysis appears to hold promise as a non-invasive presurgical evaluation technique for locating epileptogenic areas as well as for postsurgical evaluation of residual epileptic focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoshinaga
- Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
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Osaki T, Omotezako M, Nagayama R, Hirata M, Iwanaga S, Kasahara J, Hattori J, Ito I, Sugiyama H, Kawabata S. Horseshoe crab hemocyte-derived antimicrobial polypeptides, tachystatins, with sequence similarity to spider neurotoxins. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:26172-8. [PMID: 10473569 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.37.26172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides, named tachystatins A, B, and C, were identified from hemocytes of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus. Tachystatins exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Of these tachystatins, tachystatin C was most effective. Tachystatin A is homologous to tachystatin B, but tachystatin C has no significant sequence similarity to tachystatins A and B. Tachystatins A and B showed sequence similarity to omega-agatoxin-IVA of funnel web spider venom, a potent blocker of voltage-dependent calcium channels. However, they exhibited no blocking activity of the P-type calcium channel in rat Purkinje cells. Tachystatin C also showed sequence similarity to several insecticidal neurotoxins of spider venoms. Tachystatins A, B, and C bound significantly to chitin. A causal relationship was observed between chitin binding activity and antifungal activity. Tachystatins caused morphological changes against a budding yeast, and tachystatin C had a strong cell lysis activity. The septum between mother cell and bud, a chitin-rich region, was stained by fluorescence-labeled tachystatin C, suggesting that the primary recognizing substance on the cell wall is chitin. As horseshoe crab is a close relative of the spider, tachystatins and spider neurotoxins may have evolved from a common ancestral peptide, with adaptive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Osaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Foster E, Hattori J, Labbé H, Ouellet T, Fobert PR, James LE, Iyer VN, Miki BL. A tobacco cryptic constitutive promoter, tCUP, revealed by T-DNA tagging. Plant Mol Biol 1999; 41:45-55. [PMID: 10561067 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006229501860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have isolated a constitutive promoter sequence, tCUP, from tobacco by T-DNA tagging using a promoterless GUS-nos3' reporter gene construct. The T-DNA integration event produced a translational fusion with the GUS gene that is expressed widely in organs, at both the mRNA and enzyme activity levels. In tobacco transformed with a tCUP-GUS-nos3' gene, GUS specific activity in leaves was within a range of values similar to those of plants transformed with the widely used constitutive promoter gene fusion, CaMV 35S promoter-GUS-nos3'. Characteristics of the tCUP promoter sequence differ from those of other plant constitutive promoters; for instance, the tCUP sequence lacks a TATA box. Transcription initiates at a single site within the tCUP sequence which is similar to a transcriptional start site consensus sequence determined for plant genes. The tCUP promoter is cryptic as RNA accumulation at the transcriptional start site is not detected in untransformed tobacco. Thus, tCUP is the first example of a cryptic, constitutive promoter isolated from plants. The tCUP-GUS-nos3' gene fusion produced GUS activity in tissues of all species tested suggesting that tCUP may utilize fundamental transcription mechanisms found in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Foster
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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20
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Abstract
We report on a 31-year-old female with vitamin B6-dependent seizures whose seizure onset was in the neonatal period. Her elder brother had the same disorder and died in infancy. Administration of vitamin B6 was initiated in the postnatal period. At the age of 12 years 1 month, 2 months after withdrawal of vitamin B6, visual seizures began to occur frequently. Myoclonic seizures and occasional generalized convulsive seizures were also observed. At the same time, photoparoxysmal response and spontaneous diffuse spike-wave bursts were seen on her EEG. Myoclonic seizures were provoked by intermittent photic stimulation during the EEG. It is distinctive that visual seizures were one of the main seizure types in this patient, that her clinical course was relatively benign, and that she has normal intellectual outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ohtsuka
- Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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21
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Abstract
Troglitazone (T) and d-chiroinositol (DCI) have been reported to improve insulin resistance associated with obesity and NIDDM. We tested whether these compounds counteract the insulin antagonistic effects of recombinant human GH. Male Wistar rats were allocated to 4 different treatment groups, rhGH (n=8), rhGH+T (n=7), rhGH+DCI (n=8) and control (saline, n=8). rhGH (2 IU/100 g/day) was injected sc twice daily for 2 days. T and DCI were given (20 mg/day) po for 5 days preceding and 2 days along with rhGH. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp studies were done to assess the hepatic glucose output (HGO) and glucose disappearance rate (GDR). Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, serum FFA and basal HGO were similar in all 4 treatment groups. During the hyperinsulinemic clamp which raised plasma insulin levels to 7.2 +/- 0.4 ng/ml, HGO was suppressed in the control and rhGH+T treated rats but not in the rats treated with rhGH and rhGH+DCI. GDR decreased in the rats which received rhGH (18.1 +/- 5.8 vs 30.3 +/- 5.2 mg/kg/min) compared to the control rats. The rats given either T (24.7 +/- 2.7) or DCI (31.4 +/- 2.7) along with rhGH showed comparable GDR to the control rats. These results indicated that rhGH induced hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance. Troglitazone counteracted the insulin-antagonistic action of rhGH both in the liver and the peripheral tissues. DCI was effective in offsetting peripheral insulin resistance but without any effect on hepatic insulin resistance associated with rhGH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sugimoto
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University, Japan
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22
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We carried out a clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) study to reveal the pathophysiology of acute symptoms elicited by a TV animation program. METHODS Clinical data and EEG were obtained from 20 patients ranging in age from 6 to 30 years. A pattern presentation and an intermittent photic stimulation were performed. RESULTS Of 20 patients, 13 had a convulsion and seven had other symptoms, mainly nausea and/or vomiting. A photoparoxysmal response (PPR) was confirmed in 12 of 13 patients (92.3%) who had a convulsion. Only one of seven patients (14.3%) without a convulsion showed a PPR. The incidence of PPR was significantly higher in patients with convulsion than those without convulsion. There were no significant differences in the family history of convulsion, gender, parameters associated with TV watching and basic EEG between the two groups. All patients with PPR had a convulsion or consciousness disturbance. CONCLUSION Acute symptoms, such as convulsion and impairment of consciousness, are supposed to be based on photosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Enoki
- Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
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23
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Hattori J, Boutilier KA, van Lookeren Campagne MM, Miki BL. A conserved BURP domain defines a novel group of plant proteins with unusual primary structures. Mol Gen Genet 1998; 259:424-8. [PMID: 9790599 DOI: 10.1007/s004380050832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a new class of plant proteins containing a common C-terminal region, which we have termed the BURP domain. These proteins are defined not only by the BURP domain, but also by the overall similarity in their modular construction. The BURP domain proteins consist of either three or four modules: (i) an N-terminal hydrophobic domain -- a presumptive transit peptide, joined to (ii) a short conserved segment or other short segment, (iii) an optional segment consisting of repeated units which is unique to each member, and (iv) the C-terminal BURP domain. These individual modules appear to be combined to form two main classes of BURP domain proteins. The BURP domain proteins, despite the similarities in their primary structural features, show no obvious similarities in the tissues or conditions under which they are expressed. The presence of the conserved BURP domain in diverse plant proteins suggests an important and fundamental functional role for this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hattori
- Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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24
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Sugimoto M, Takeda N, Nakashima K, Okumura S, Takami K, Yoshino K, Hattori J, Ishimori M, Takami R, Sasaki A, Yasuda K. Effects of troglitazone on hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance induced by growth hormone excess in rats. Metabolism 1998; 47:783-7. [PMID: 9667221 DOI: 10.1016/s0026-0495(98)90112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that short-term growth hormone (GH) administration in humans and animals induces insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. The purpose of the present study was to clarify whether troglitazone, a new insulin-sensitizing drug of the thiazolidinedione class, counteracts the insulin antagonistic effects of recombinant human (rh) GH on glucose metabolism in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing 184 to 226 g were treated either with rhGH (n = 8) or rhGH plus troglitazone (n = 8). rhGH (20 IU/kg body weight/d) was given by subcutaneous injection twice daily for 2 days. Troglitazone was given at 100 mg/kg/d orally for 5 days before and 2 days during rhGH. Saline was injected to the control rats (n = 7). Euglycemic clamp studies with an insulin infusion rate of 8 mU/kg/min were performed in these rats after an overnight fast. Hepatic glucose output (HGO), glucose infusion rate (GIR), and glucose disappearance rate (GDR) were measured. Fasting levels of plasma glucose (6.6 +/- 0.1, 6.1 +/- 0.3, 6.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/L), insulin (187.5 +/- 24.1, 206.4 +/- 24.1, 182.3 +/- 31.0 pmol/L), and serum free fatty acid (FFA) (1.58 +/- 0.18, 1.43 +/- 0.16, 1.61 +/- 0.25 mEq/L) were comparable among rats treated with rhGH, rhGH plus troglitazone, and controls, respectively. Basal HGO was also comparable among the three treatment groups. HGO was suppressed significantly during the hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp in control rats, but not in rhGH rats. When troglitazone was coadministered with rhGH, suppressibility of HGO during the glucose clamp was comparable to that of controls. GIR (13.5 +/- 4.5 v 24.1 +/- 4.1 mg/kg/min) and GDR (18.1 +/- 5.8 v 30.3 +/- 5.2 mg/kg/min) were decreased by rhGH treatment compared with control values. They returned to normal levels in rats treated with both rhGH and troglitazone (GIR, 22.4 +/- 5.9; GDR, 24.7 +/- 7.1). From these results, it is evident that rhGH treatment impaired insulin's ability to suppress HGO and stimulate peripheral glucose utilization. Troglitazone could block the insulin antagonistic effects of GH on hepatic glucose output and peripheral glucose utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sugimoto
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
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25
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Okumura S, Takeda N, Takami K, Yoshino K, Hattori J, Nakashima K, Sugimoto M, Ishimori M, Takami R, Yasuda K. Effects of troglitazone on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in rats. Metabolism 1998; 47:351-4. [PMID: 9500576 DOI: 10.1016/s0026-0495(98)90270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Troglitazone, a thiazolidinedione derivative, has been shown to counteract insulin resistance in obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). To test its effects on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance, we measured hepatic glucose production (HGP) and the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate (Rd) by a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique coupled with 3-3H-glucose infusion in male Wistar rats treated with low-dose dexamethasone ([LoDex] 0.05 mg/kg/d, n = 7), high-dose dexamethasone ([HiDex] 0.1 mg/kg/d, n = 7), or dexamethasone plus troglitazone (LoDex + T, n = 8; HiDex + T, n = 6). Dexamethasone was injected subcutaneously for 4 days. Troglitazone was administered orally at 20 mg/d for 3 days before and for 4 days along with the dexamethasone treatment. The glucose clamp study was performed after an overnight fast in chronically catheterized conscious rats with a continuous insulin infusion of 57.4 pmol/kg/min. Basal HGP was comparable among the control (45.8 +/- 2.1 micromol/kg/min, n = 7), LoDex (47.9 +/- 4.7 micromol/kg/min), LoDex + T (46.0 +/- 2.6 micromol/kg/min), and HiDex + T (54.7 +/- 3.4 micromol/kg/min) groups. It increased about twofold in the HiDex group (80.1 +/- 5.2 micromol/kg/min, P < .05 v control). Under hyperinsulinemia, HGP was suppressed to a similar level in the control (11.3 +/- 8.8 micromol/kg/min), LoDex (10.2 +/- 8.4 micromol/kg/min), and LoDex + T (7.8 +/- 7.9 micromol/kg/min) groups. The suppressive effect of insulin on steady-state HGP during the clamp was impaired in HiDex (63.7 +/- 9.7 micromol/kg/min, P < .05) and HiDex + T (64.0 +/- 6.5 micromol/kg/min, P < .05). Rd decreased 27% in LoDex (81.5 +/- 5.8 micromol/kg/min, P < .05) and 36% in HiDex (71.3 +/- 9.4 micromol/kg/min, P < .05) compared with the controls (111.4 +/- 7.4 micromol/kg/min). Troglitazone prevented the decrease in Rd in LoDex + T (102.6 +/- 5.7 micromol/kg/min), but not in HiDex + T (67.0 +/- 6.4 micromol/kg/min). These results indicate that the development of peripheral insulin resistance was prevented by troglitazone in LoDex rats. Troglitazone may be a useful drug to treat steroid-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Okumura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan
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26
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Treacy BK, Hattori J, Prud'homme I, Barbour E, Boutilier K, Baszczynski CL, Huang B, Johnson DA, Miki BL. Bnm1, a Brassica pollen-specific gene. Plant Mol Biol 1997; 34:603-11. [PMID: 9247542 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005851801107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
cDNA and genomic clones of a new pollen-specific gene, Bnm1, have been isolated from Brassica napus cv. Topas. The gene contains an open reading frame of 546 bp and a single intron of 362 bp. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with sequences in data banks did not show similarity with known proteins. Northern blot analysis of developing pollen showed that Bnm1 mRNA was first detected in bicellular pollen and accumulated to higher levels in tricellular pollen. Bnm1 mRNA was not detected in leaves, stems, roots, pistils, seeds or pollen-derived embryos. RNA in situ hybridization of whole flower buds confirmed that Bnm1 was pollen-specific and expressed late in development. A promoter fragment of the Bnm1 gene fused to the gusA reporter gene yielded similar patterns of tissue specificity and developmental regulation in transgenic B. napus cv. Westar plants; however, the promoter was also active during the early stages of pollen development. The Bnm1 gene, cloned in this study, was derived from the A genome of the allotetraploid species B. napus (AACC). Southern blot analysis indicated that sequences similar to the Bnm1 gene were found in both A and C Brassica genomes. Related sequences were found in all 10 members of the Brassiceae tribe examined, but were not present in all tribes of the Brassicaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Treacy
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Abstract
The chloroplast genomes of higher plants encode several tRNA genes that contain highly conserved type II introns. Using primers specific to conserved 5' and 3' regions within the introns of the genes trnA (tRNA-ala) and trnI (tRNA-ile) we have PCR amplified parts of these introns from 36 plant species representing a wide range of plant families. Deletions were found in the introns of both tRNA genes. Fourteen species had detectable deletions within the intron of trnI and four species within the intron of trnA. The occurrence of these deletions among the various plant families suggests that the events leading to the formation of these deletions occurred independently many times during the evolution of higher plants. Analysis of the amplified PCR products from the trnI intron suggests that these independent deletions may not be random but appear to fall into two size classes. Several members of each class were cloned and sequenced and the end points of the deletions were mapped. The 3' ends of all deletions studied terminate within the same short region. The 5' ends of the deletions map to two different regions, giving rise to the two size classes. These two 5' deletion endpoint regions show some sequence similarity. Only two of the identified deletions contain directly repeated sequences at the deletion endpoints, a feature associated with homologous recombination. Our results suggest that within the trnI intron, there are preferred sites or "hotspots" for deletion formation involving a novel imprecise recombination mechanism. The significance of these sequences and possible mechanisms for deletion formation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Johnson
- Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
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28
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Hattori J, Brown D, Mourad G, Labbé H, Ouellet T, Sunohara G, Rutledge R, King J, Miki B. An acetohydroxy acid synthase mutant reveals a single site involved in multiple herbicide resistance. Mol Gen Genet 1995; 246:419-25. [PMID: 7891655 DOI: 10.1007/bf00290445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) is an essential enzyme for many organisms as it catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, isoleucine, and leucine. The enzyme is under allosteric control by these amino acids. It is also inhibited by several classes of herbicides, such as the sulfonylureas, imidazolinones and triazolopyrimidines, that are believed to bind to a relic quinone-binding site. In this study, a mutant allele of AHAS3 responsible for sulfonylurea resistance in a Brassica napus cell line was isolated. Sequence analyses predicted a single amino acid change (557 Trp-->Leu) within a conserved region of AHAS. Expression in transgenic plants conferred strong resistance to the three classes of herbicides, revealing a single site essential for the binding of all the herbicide classes. The mutation did not appear to affect feedback inhibition by the branched-chain amino acids in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hattori
- Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, C. E. F. Ottawa, Ontario
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29
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Nawa K, Tamura Y, Sato K, Hattori J, Shimotohno KW, Endo T. Inactivation of blasticidin S by Bacillus cereus. V. Purification and characterization of blasticidin S-deaminase mediated by a plasmid from blasticidin S resistant Bacillus cereus K55-S1. Biol Pharm Bull 1995; 18:350-4. [PMID: 7742811 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.18.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Blasticidin S (BS) deaminase (BSR) from a BS-resistant strain, Bacillus cereus K55-S1, was purified to homogeneity. Molecular weights determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and by gel filtration on HPLC are about 15500 and 35000, respectively, indicating the enzyme is a homodimer. The amino acid composition and N-terminal sequence of BSR are the same as those deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the BS-resistant gene, bsr. The optimum temperature and pH for enzyme activity are 60-65 degrees C and near 10.0, respectively. The activity of BSR is inhibited by Cu2+, Hg2+, and p-chloromercuric benzoate (PCMB). Inhibition by PCMB or HgCl2 is reversible by the addition of SH reagents. The enzyme catalyzes the deamination of BS and its derivatives, but not cytosine nucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nawa
- Kyoritsu College of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Fobert PR, Labbé H, Cosmopoulos J, Gottlob-McHugh S, Ouellet T, Hattori J, Sunohara G, Iyer VN, Miki BL. T-DNA tagging of a seed coat-specific cryptic promoter in tobacco. Plant J 1994; 6:567-77. [PMID: 7987415 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.1994.6040567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
T-DNA tagging with a promoterless beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene generated a transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plant that expressed GUS activity only in developing seed coats. Cloning and deletion analysis of the GUS fusion revealed that the promoter responsible for seed coat specificity was located in the plant DNA proximal to the GUS gene. A 3.3 kb fragment corresponding to the insertion site was isolated from untransformed plants. No long open reading frames were detected in this region. Northern blots and RNase protection assays failed to detect transcripts from this region in untransformed plants. Furthermore, the insertion site was situated within the N. tomentosiformis genome of the allotetraploid species N. tabacum, in a region which is not conserved within the genus Nicotiana. It is concluded that seed coat-specific GUS expression in this transgenic plant resulted from T-DNA insertion next to a cryptic promoter. These results suggest that at least some of the fusions generated to marker genes in promoter trapping studies are not associated with conventional gene promoters. The possibility that similar insertion events play a role in gene evolution is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Cloning, Molecular
- Crosses, Genetic
- DNA, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- DNA, Bacterial/metabolism
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- DNA, Plant/metabolism
- Glucuronidase/biosynthesis
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Open Reading Frames
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Plants, Toxic
- Plasmids
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Restriction Mapping
- Seeds/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Fobert
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Abstract
A gene fusion consisting of the Chinese hamster metallothionein II and beta-glucuronidase coding regions was constructed. The fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli retained cadmium-binding capacity and beta-glucuronidase activity. When expressed from the constitutive 35S promoter in transgenic tobacco, the levels of 109Cd accumulation in leaves were reduced to about 70% of those in untransformed control plants. Metallothionin-beta-glucuronidase did not sequester a significant proportion of the leaf 109Cd taken up through the roots in vitro and therefore a sink for Cd was not created.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hattori
- Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, ON
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32
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Abstract
We examined thyroid hormone autoantibodies (THAA) in 170 patients with untreated Graves' disease (145 women and 25 men, aged 8-74 yr). THAA were found in 28 patients (16.5%, group I), but not detected in the remaining 142 patients (83.5%, group II). Neither the male/female ratio nor prevalence of antithyroid antibodies (Ab) (thyroglobulin Ab and/or microsomal Ab) differed between the 2 groups. The mean age of group I was significantly lower than that of group II. Furthermore, prevalence in group I decreased progressively with age. In addition, there was a negative correlation between T4 Ab titers (but not T3 Ab titers) and age in group I. These results indicate that the production of THAA, especially T4 Ab, is influenced by age in untreated Graves' patients. The present study also indicates that the age of the patients is one of the important factors causing different results concerning the prevalence of THAA in Graves' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
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33
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Usui M, Watanabe M, Hattori J, Horie K, Shima H. [A case of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis]. Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi 1993; 31:501-505. [PMID: 8515624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The patient was a 42-year-old man. When he was a third grade pupil of elementary school, he was diagnosed as having miliary tuberculosis. He was absent from school for 2 years for the treatment of the disease. However, miliary tuberculosis did not improve in spite of 2 years of treatment. At that time he was diagnosed as having pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. He did not receive any treatment for the following 30 years. Recently, he visited our department because of occasional chest pain. The following tests were performed; chest CT, tomography, respiratory function test, RI test (99mTc bone scintigram and 67Ga scintigram) and bronchoscopy. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed of B5b, and transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) of left B5b, B8b, B9b and B10b to make the accurate diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. This case of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis with a protracted course of 30 years (in which chest X-ray films taken 27 years ago were available) is reported together with a discussion of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Usui
- Department of Pneumology, Gifu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
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34
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Brandle JE, Labbe H, Hattori J, Miki BL. Field performance and heavy metal concentrations of transgenic flue-cured tobacco expressing a mammalian metallothionein-beta-glucuronidase gene fusion. Genome 1993; 36:255-60. [PMID: 8514154 DOI: 10.1139/g93-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential heavy metal that can cause acute and chronic illness in humans. Some plant species such as tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) tend to accumulate high levels of Cd in leaf tissue, the consumed portion of the plant. Tissue-specific expression of mammalian metallothionein has been suggested as a means of partitioning Cd in nonconsumed portions of transgenic plants. The purpose of the experiment reported here was to evaluate Cd concentration and agronomic performance of four field-grown transgenic tobacco lines harbouring a metallothionein-beta-glucuronidase (MG) gene fusion driven by the constitutive 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. The trial was grown in a region of Canada known to have high background levels of Cd. The agronomic evaluation showed that some of the transgenic lines were equal to, while others performed more poorly than, the untransformed control for yield, days to flower, and leaf number. Gene expression measured by beta-glucuronidase activity showed that all of the transgenic lines expressed the MG gene in the upper portion of the plant. One line did not express the MG gene in the roots. Cd levels in the leaf tissue of transformed lines were not significantly different from the untransformed control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Brandle
- Agriculture Canada, Research Station, Delhi, Ont
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35
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Sugimoto M, Nakamura S, Hattori J, Yamada T, Horiya Y, Hara S, Shima H. Hyperthyroidism with potent thyroid-stimulation-blocking antibodies and negative thyroid-stimulating antibodies after subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease with follicular thyroid carcinoma. Intern Med 1993; 32:266-8. [PMID: 8101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A 39-year-old woman with Graves' disease associated with follicular thyroid carcinoma underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulins (TBII) were positive, whereas thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and thyroid-stimulation-blocking antibodies (TSBAb) were both negative before the operation. After the operation, TBII markedly increased above the pretreatment value. TSBAb became positive 3 months after the operation and then their activity increased, while TSAb remained negative after the operation. Subtotal thyroidectomy may have influenced the development of TSBAb in this patient. Irrespective of these findings, the patient became hyperthyroid again several months after the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sugimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
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36
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Hattori J, Rutledge RG, Miki BL, Baum BR. DNA sequence relationships and origins of acetohydroxy acid synthase genes of Brassica napus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1139/b92-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The allotetraploid Brassica napus has been shown to contain a five-member multigene family (AHAS1 – 5) of the nuclear-encoded chloroplastic enzyme acetohydroxy acid synthase, three members of which are expressed. AHAS1 and AHAS3 are constitutively expressed while AHAS2 expression is ovule- and seed-specific. By sequence and phylogenetic analyses we show that the AHAS1 and AHAS3 genes are 96–98% similar in the coding region and the adjacent 5′ and 3′ noncoding regions and were derived from a common ancestral crucifer gene. In contrast, the AHAS2 gene shares only about 80% sequence similarity with the AHAS1 and AHAS3 genes, limited to the region coding for the mature peptide and in a short region of the presumptive transit peptide. The AHAS2 gene likely arose by gene duplication of a housekeeping AHAS gene and has acquired characteristics different from other plant housekeeping AHAS genes, perhaps owing to different functional constraints. Key words: acetohydroxy acid synthase, Brassica napus, phylogenetic inference, multigene family, DNA sequence.
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Hattori J, Rutledge R, Labbé H, Brown D, Sunohara G, Miki B. Multiple resistance to sulfonylureas and imidazolinones conferred by an acetohydroxyacid synthase gene with separate mutations for selective resistance. Mol Gen Genet 1992; 232:167-73. [PMID: 1557022 DOI: 10.1007/bf00279993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene from the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant line GH90 carrying the imidazolinone resistance allele imr1 was cloned. Expression of the AHAS gene under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter in transgenic tobacco resulted in selective imidazolinone resistance, confirming that the single base-pair change found near the 3' end of the coding region of this gene is responsible for imidazolinone resistance. A chimeric AHAS gene containing both the imr1 mutation and the csr1 mutation, responsible for selective resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides, was constructed. It conferred on transgenic tobacco plants resistance to both sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides. The data illustrate that a multiple-resistance phenotype can be achieved in an AHAS gene through combinations of separate mutations, each of which individually confers resistance to only one class of herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hattori
- Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa
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Gomi A, Takeuchi Y, Okamura Y, Mori H, Nagashima M, Hattori J. [A case report of thrombosed Björk-Shiley valve in aortic position diagnosed using transtelephone PCG monitoring]. Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1992; 40:399-403. [PMID: 1583364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a successful elective re-AVR and MVR 10 years after AVR with aortic root enlargement and OMC. The patient was a 41-year-old woman. The diagnosis of thrombosed Björk-Shiley (B-S) valve was first suspected by transtelephone PCG monitoring and reconfirmed by the frequency analysis of prosthetic valve sounds and the aortography preoperatively. The thrombosis was 15 x 8 x 6.5 mm in size and located at the minor orifice of B-S valve, extending to the strut. The transtelephone PCG was useful in analyzing prosthetic valve sounds for patients especially living away from the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gomi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kanto-Teishin Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Nakamura S, Hattori J, Ishiyama-Takuno M, Shima H, Matsui I, Sakata S. Non-Suppressed Thyroidal Radioactive Iodine Uptake(RAIU) in Thyrotoxic phase in a Case of Subacute Thyroiditis with Thyroid-Stimulating Antibodies(TSAb). Endocrinol Japon 1992; 39:469-76. [PMID: 1362149 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj1954.39.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a 49-year-old female with subacute thyroiditis who had thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and thyroid-stimulation-blocking antibodies (TSBAb) in serum. Although she was in the thyrotoxic phase and TSH was suppressed in May, 1990, her radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) was not suppressed (35.5%) and a thyroid scan disclosed a diffuse goiter with no defect. Serum assays revealed the presence of TSAb, but TSBAb were negative. In August, 1990, the right lobe became undetectable by thyroid scan when the RAIU was 20.7% with the TSH level remaining suppressed. At that time, TSAb were negative, while TSBAb were positive. When the RAIU was 31.1% in October, 1990, both thyroid lobes became visible and the TSH level was normalized. TSBAb became negative, and although TSAb reappeared it later became undetectable. These results indicate that the changes in the patient's thyroid scan and RAIU were attributable to the presence of TSAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gifu Red Cross Hospital, Japan
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Rutledge RG, Quellet T, Hattori J, Miki BL. Molecular characterization and genetic origin of the Brassica napus acetohydroxyacid synthase multigene family. Mol Gen Genet 1991; 229:31-40. [PMID: 1896019 DOI: 10.1007/bf00264210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Brassica napus rapeseed cultivar Topas contains an acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) multigene family consisting of five members (AHAS 1-5). DNA sequence analysis indicate that AHAS1 and AHAS3 share extensive homology. They probably encode the AHAS enzymes essential for plant growth and development. AHAS2 has diverged significantly from AHAS1 and AHAS3 and has unique features in the coding region of the mature polypeptide, transit peptide and upstream non-coding DNA, which raises the possibility that it has a distinct function. AHAS4 and AHAS5 have interrupted coding regions and may be defective. The complexity of the AHAS multigene family in the allotetraploid species B. napus is much greater than reported for Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum. Analysis of the presumptive progenitor diploid species B. campestris and B. oleracea indicated that AHAS2, AHAS3 and AHAS4 originate from the A genome, whereas AHAS1 and AHAS5 originate from the C genome. Further variation within each of the AHAS genes in these species was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Rutledge
- Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa
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Miki BL, Labbé H, Hattori J, Ouellet T, Gabard J, Sunohara G, Charest PJ, Iyer VN. Transformation of Brassica napus canola cultivars with Arabidopsis thaliana acetohydroxyacid synthase genes and analysis of herbicide resistance. Theor Appl Genet 1990; 80:449-458. [PMID: 24221001 DOI: 10.1007/bf00226744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/1990] [Accepted: 04/11/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A survey of selected crop species and weeds was conducted to evaluate the inhibition of the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) and seedling growth in vitro by the sulfonylurea herbicides chlorsulfuron, DPX A7881, DPX L5300, DPX M6316 and the imidazolinone herbicides AC243,997, AC263,499, AC252,214. Particular attention was given to the Brassica species including canola cultivars and cruciferous weeds such as B. kaber (wild mustard) and Thlaspi arvense (stinkweed). Transgenic lines of B. napus cultivars Westar and Profit, which express the Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type AHAS gene or the mutant gene csr1-1 at levels similar to the resident AHAS genes, were generated and compared. The mutant gene was essential for resistance to the sulfonylurea chlorsulfuron but not to DPX A7881, which appeared to be tolerated by certain Brassica species. Cross-resistance to the imidazolinones did not occur. The level of resistance to chlorsulfuron in transgenic canola greatly exceeded the levels that were toxic to the Brassica species or cruciferous weeds. Direct selection of transgenic lines with chlorsulfuron sprayed at field levels under greenhouse conditions was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Miki
- Plant Research Center, Agriculture Canada, K1A 0C6, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Charest PJ, Hattori J, Demoor J, Iyer VN, Miki BL. In vitro study of transgenic tobacco expressing Arabidopsis wild type and mutant acetohydroxyacid synthase genes. Plant Cell Rep 1990; 8:643-646. [PMID: 24232776 DOI: 10.1007/bf00269983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/1989] [Revised: 09/15/1989] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Genes coding for the enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase, often referred to as acetolactate synthase (AHAS, ALS; EC 4.1.3.18), from wild type Arabidopsis thaliana and a sulfonylurea-resistant mutant line GH50 (csrl-1; Haughn et al. 1988) were introduced in Nicotiana tabacum. Both genes were expressed at high levels with the 35S promoter. The csrl-1 gene conferred high levels of resistance to chlorsulfuron whereas the wild type gene did not. As selectable markers, chimaeric AHAS genes yielded transgenic plants on chlorsulfuron but at much lower efficiencies than with a chimaeric neomycin phosphotransferase gene on kanamycin (Sanders et al. 1987). Shoot differentiation from leaf discs was delayed on chlorsulfuron by 4-6 weeks. This study indicated a role for mutant AHAS genes in the genetic manipulation of herbicide resistance in transgenic plants but as selectable markers for plant cells undergoing differentiation no advantage over other genes was perceived.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Charest
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, K1S 5B6, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Okamura Y, Takeuchi Y, Gomi A, Nagashima M, Mori H, Hattori J. [Clinical evaluation of perioperative myocardial infarction as a complication of valve replacement]. Kyobu Geka 1989; 42:1012-5. [PMID: 2593400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) is a well-known complication of coronary artery surgery, but rarely encountered in valvular surgery. We have experienced 6 cases of valve replacement with PMI, using blood cardioplegia since 1979. Those patients (5 men, one woman; mean age 47 +/- 8 years) had no previous angina, and preoperative CAG revealed no significant stenosis. Three patients were reoperative cases. A diagnosis of PMI was established by the following criteria; an abnormal increase in maxCPK-MB (greater than 150 IU/l), new Q waves at ECG, positive 99mTc-PYP scan (grade 3-4). The area of PMI was inferior in 4 patients, posterior in one, and anterior infarction was seen in only one case. Three cases required IABP, but all 6 cases showed good exercise capacity by Treadmill exercise test in late stage. Several factors are thought to be the cause of PMI at valvular surgery; such as coronary air embolism, perioperative coronary spasm, inappropriate topical hypothermia, etc. Prognosis is not necessarily poor, however much attention should be paid to prevent PMI in valve replacement.
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Abstract
A procedure to isolate high-molecular-weight DNA from plant materials has been devised. With this procedure, high-molecular-weight DNA suitable for Southern transfer experiments has been isolated from over 30 plant species including angiosperms (both dicots and monocots), a gymnosperm, members of other divisions, and two microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hattori
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Okada T, Gomi A, Okamura Y, Masuda H, Hattori J. [A protector for the prevention of sternal fracture following median sternotomy]. Kyobu Geka 1986; 39:113-4. [PMID: 3702167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Hattori J, Johnson DA. The detection of leghemoglobin-line sequences in legumes and non-legumes. Plant Mol Biol 1985; 4:285-292. [PMID: 24310878 DOI: 10.1007/bf02418247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/1984] [Revised: 11/20/1984] [Accepted: 11/29/1984] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Leghemoglobin is a major component of the nitrogen-fixing nodules formed by legumes in association with bacterial symbionts of the genusRhizobium. It is thought to be involved in regulating the oxygen tension within nodules. In a series of Southern blot experiments using cloned soybean leghemoglobin cDNAs as hybridization probes, cross-hybridizing sequences have been detected in legumes closely related to soybean (members of the Leguminosae subfamily Papilionoideae), as well as in a distantly related legume not reported to be nodulated (subfamily Caesalpinioideae). With the same probes, the presence of cross-hybridizing sequences has also been detected in plants outside the Leguminosae, including two nitrogen-fixing non-legumes and one species which is not nodulated. These results suggest that the genes for oxygen-binding proteins may be more widely dispersed than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hattori
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Hattori J, Okada T, Gomi M, Okamura Y, Masuda H. [Enlargement of the small aortic annulus by the radical removal of the sclerotic fibrous aortic ring]. Rinsho Kyobu Geka 1983; 3:197-201. [PMID: 6867556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Nose Y, Nakamura M, Inoue T, Nakagaki O, Watanabe Y, Hattori J. Reliability of telephone transmission facilities for computerized electrocardiogram analysis in Japan. Jpn Heart J 1982; 23:487-95. [PMID: 7131779 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.23.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The reliability of telephone electrocardiogram (ECG) transmission facilities was assessed in order to carry out the computerized ECG analysis using the IBM-Bonner program. Simulated ECGs were transmitted repeatedly over telephones from an internal laboratory and from an external hospital which was 1,000 Km distant. The simulated ECG was transmitted in a highly reproducible state and with no appreciable distortion. The telephone ECG transmission facilities using the public telephone network in Japan proved to reliable for computerized ECG analysis.
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Hattori J. [Current status and the future prospect of bone marrow transplantation in Japan]. Rinsho Ketsueki 1982; 23:425-32. [PMID: 6752477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Suetsugu S, Naito T, Ishikawa H, Umeda H, Suzuki K, Morise M, Sakai S, Shimokata K, Katayama T, Kobayashi T, Tsunekawa H, Nishimura M, Iwakura M, Nishiwaki K, Nomura Y, Yoshikawa K, Fujii K, Izumi S, Katoh T, Ito T, Hattori J, Yoshii S, Takeura S, Maeda F. [Clinical studies of cefoxitin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections (author's transl)]. Jpn J Antibiot 1982; 35:375-93. [PMID: 7087175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A total of 42 patients who were suffering from respiratory tract infections were treated with cefoxitin, and the following results were obtained. 1. Out of 32 patients clinically evaluated, excellent or good responses were observed in 30 patients (94%). 2. Presumed causative organisms were isolated in 14 patients. The organisms were eradicated in 11 patients and the eradication rate was 79% (11/14). The number of the organisms decreased or unchanged in 1 patient each. In other 1 patient the pathogenic agent was replaced with other agents during the course of treatment. 3. As for the side effects, skin eruption was observed in 3 patients. One patient received drugs other than cefoxitin concomitantly that might have caused the eruption. Another patient had an allergic history to many antibiotics. In 4 patients slight elevations of S-GOT and S-GPT were observed but improved soon after the completion of cefoxitin treatment. In 1 patient an elevation of serum creatinine was observed but this was not attributed to the administration of cefoxitin. 4. From the results stated above, cefoxitin is considered to be a safe and effective antibiotic which can be one of the first-choice antibiotics for the treatment of respiratory tract infections.
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