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Holm PM, Blankholm AD, Nielsen JL, Bandholm T, Wirth W, Wisser A, Kemnitz J, Eckstein F, Schrøder HM, Wernbom M, Skou ST. Effects of neuromuscular control and strengthening exercises on MRI-measured thigh tissue composition and muscle properties in people with knee osteoarthritis - an exploratory secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024; 65:152390. [PMID: 38340609 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of adding strength training to neuromuscular control exercises on thigh tissue composition and muscle properties in people with radiographic-symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS In this exploratory secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, using a complete-case approach, participants performed 12 weeks of twice-weekly neuromuscular control exercise and patient education (NEMEX, n = 34) or NEMEX plus quadriceps strength training (NEMEX+ST, n = 29). Outcomes were MRI-measured inter- and intramuscular adipose tissue (InterMAT, IntraMAT), quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), knee-extensor strength, specific strength (strength/lean CSA) and 30 s chair-stands. Between-group effects were compared using a mixed model analysis of variance. RESULTS At 12 weeks, responses to NEMEX+ST overlapped with NEMEX for all outcomes. Both groups reduced InterMAT (NEMEX+ST=25 %, NEMEX=21 %); between-group difference: 0.8cm2 (95 % CI: -0.1, 1.7). NEMEX+ST decreased IntraMAT (2 %) and NEMEX increased IntraMAT (4 %); between-group difference 0.1 %-points (-0.3, 0.5). Both groups increased quadriceps CSA and lean CSA (CSA minus IntraMAT), improved knee-extensor strength and specific strength, and improved chair-stand performance with a trend towards greater effects in NEMEX+ST. CONCLUSION Adding strength training to 12 weeks of neuromuscular control exercises provided largely similar effects to neuromuscular control exercises alone in decreasing InterMAT and IntraMAT, in improving knee-extensor strength, CSA and in improving performance-based function in KOA persons, with a trend towards greater effects with additional strength training. Notably, both groups substantially reduced InterMAT and improved specific strength (an index of muscle quality). Our hypothesis-generating work warrants exploration of the roles played by InterMAT and IntraMAT in exercise effects in KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pætur M Holm
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark; Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.
| | | | - Jakob L Nielsen
- Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bandholm
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Department of Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark; Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Research Copenhagen (PMR-C), Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Wirth
- Department of Imaging and Functional Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Arthritis and Rehabilitation (LBIAR), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg and Nuremberg, Salzburg, Austria; Chondrometrics GmbH, Freilassing, Germany
| | - Anna Wisser
- Department of Imaging and Functional Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Arthritis and Rehabilitation (LBIAR), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg and Nuremberg, Salzburg, Austria; Chondrometrics GmbH, Freilassing, Germany
| | - Jana Kemnitz
- Department of Imaging and Functional Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Arthritis and Rehabilitation (LBIAR), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg and Nuremberg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Felix Eckstein
- Department of Imaging and Functional Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology & Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Arthritis and Rehabilitation (LBIAR), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg and Nuremberg, Salzburg, Austria; Chondrometrics GmbH, Freilassing, Germany
| | - Henrik M Schrøder
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Næstved, Denmark; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias Wernbom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Health and Rehabilitation, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Søren T Skou
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Region Zealand, Slagelse, Denmark; Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Jensen KY, Aagaard P, Suetta C, Nielsen JL, Schrøder HD, Grønset C, Simonsen C, Diederichsen LP. Quality of life in patients with myositis is associated with functional capacity, body composition, and disease activity-Baseline data from a randomized controlled trial. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15132. [PMID: 38509721 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential associations between functional capacity, muscle strength, body composition, and disease-related measures and quality of life in patients with myositis. METHODS Baseline measures of functional capacity (functional index 3 (FI3), 2-minute walk test (2MWT), timed up and go (TUG) and 30-s sit-to-stand (30-STS)), muscle strength (incl. leg and handgrip strength), maximal leg extensor power, body composition (appendicular lean mass, fat percentage/mass) and disease-related measures (disease activity & damage core sets) were examined for their associations with quality of life (physical- and mental component summary scores, Short Form 36 questionnaire (SF-36)) by means of Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS A total of 32 patients with myositis were included. Positive correlations between SF-36 physical component summary score (PCS) and FI3, 30-STS, TUG, 2MWT, leg extensor power, leg strength, bench press strength, and handgrip strength were observed. In contrast, fat percentage and fat mass correlated negatively with PCS. In disease-related measures, Extramuscular global assessment, health assessment questionnaire, physician global damage, and patient global damage scores were negatively associated with SF-36 PCS. No correlations to the mental component summary score of SF-36 were observed. CONCLUSION All measures of functional capacity were positively related to the SF-36 physical component summary score, indicating higher functional capacity positively affects quality of life in patients with myositis. Health assessment questionnaire and patient global damage scores demonstrated the strongest correlations with SF-36 physical component summary scores, further supporting these patient-reported outcomes as viable monitoring tools in patients with myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Yde Jensen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases (COPEACT), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik D Schrøder
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Grønset
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper Simonsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise P Diederichsen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Autoimmune Connective Tissue Diseases (COPEACT), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Oliveira JMS, Poulsen JS, Foresti E, Nielsen JL. Microbial communities and metabolic pathways involved in reductive decolorization of an azo dye in a two-stage AD system. Chemosphere 2023; 310:136731. [PMID: 36209855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stage anaerobic system was found to be an effective strategy for reductive decolorization of azo dyes in the presence of sulfate. Bulk color removal (56-90%) was achieved concomitant with acidogenic activity in the 1st-stage reactor (R1), while organic matter removal (≤100%) and sulfate reduction (≤100%) occurred predominantly in the 2nd-stage reactor (R2). However, azo dye reduction mechanism and metabolic routes involved remain unclear. The involved microbial communities and conditions affecting the azo dye removal in a two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) system were elucidated using amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA, fhs, dsrB and mcrA) and correlation analysis. Reductive decolorization was found to be co-metabolic and mainly associated with hydrogen-producing pathways. We also found evidence of the involvement of an azoreductase from Lactococcus lactis. Bacterial community in R1 was sensitive and shifted in the presence of the azo dye, while microorganisms in R2 were more protected. Higher diversity of syntrophic-acetate oxidizers, sulfate reducers and methanogens in R2 highlights the role of the 2nd-stage in organic matter and sulfate removals, and these communities might be involved in further transformations of the azo dye reduction products. The results improve our understanding on the role of different microbial communities in anaerobic treatment of azo dyes and can help in the design of better solutions for the treatment of textile effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M S Oliveira
- Biological Processes Laboratory (LPB), São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - J S Poulsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - E Foresti
- Biological Processes Laboratory (LPB), São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), 1100 João Dagnone Avenue, 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - J L Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
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Granfeldt A, Sindberg B, Isbye D, Kjærgaard J, Kristensen CM, Darling S, Zwisler ST, Fisker S, Christian Schmidt J, Kirkegaard H, Grejs AM, R G Rossau J, Larsen JM, Rasmussen BS, Riddersholm S, Iversen K, Schultz M, Nielsen JL, Løfgren B, Lauridsen KG, Sølling C, Pælestik K, Kjærgaard AG, Due-Rasmussen D, Folke F, Charlot MG, Malene H G Jepsen R, Wiberg S, Høybye M, Holmberg MJ, Andersen LW. Effect of Vasopressin and Methylprednisolone vs. Placebo on Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest A Randomized Clinical Trial. Resuscitation 2022; 175:67-71. [PMID: 35490936 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary results from the Vasopressin and Methylprednisolone for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (VAM-IHCA) trial have previously been reported. The objective of the current manuscript is to report long-term outcomes. METHODS The VAM-IHCA trial was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at ten hospitals in Denmark. Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) were eligible for the trial if they had an in-hospital cardiac arrest and received at least one dose of epinephrine during resuscitation. The trial drugs consisted of 40 mg methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol®, Pfizer) and 20 IU of vasopressin (Empressin®, Amomed Pharma GmbH) given as soon as possible after the first dose of epinephrine. This manuscript report outcomes at 6 months and 1 year including survival, survival with favorable neurological outcome, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS 501 patients were included in the analysis. At 1 year, 15 patients (6.3%) in the intervention group and 22 patients (8.3%) in the placebo group were alive corresponding to a risk ratio of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.41-1.41). A favorable neurologic outcome at 1 year, based on the Cerebral Performance Category score, was observed in 14 patients (5.9%) in the intervention group and 20 patients (7.6%) in the placebo group (risk ratio, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.41-1.49]. No differences existed between groups for favorable neurological outcome and health-related quality of life at either 6 months or 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Administration of vasopressin and methylprednisolone, compared with placebo, in patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest did not improve long-term outcomes in this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asger Granfeldt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birthe Sindberg
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dan Isbye
- Department of Anesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kjærgaard
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla M Kristensen
- Department of Anesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Darling
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stine T Zwisler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stine Fisker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans Kirkegaard
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders M Grejs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen R G Rossau
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob M Larsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bodil S Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Signe Riddersholm
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Schultz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob L Nielsen
- Unit of Clinical Simulation and Education, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Løfgren
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Kasper G Lauridsen
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Christoffer Sølling
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Kim Pælestik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Anders G Kjærgaard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Dorte Due-Rasmussen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette G Charlot
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sebastian Wiberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Maria Høybye
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mathias J Holmberg
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Lars W Andersen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Prehospital Emergency Medical Services, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Centner C, Jerger S, Mallard A, Herrmann A, Varfolomeeva E, Gollhofer S, Oesser S, Sticht C, Gretz N, Aagaard P, Nielsen JL, Frandsen U, Suetta C, Gollhofer A, König D. Supplementation of Specific Collagen Peptides Following High-Load Resistance Exercise Upregulates Gene Expression in Pathways Involved in Skeletal Muscle Signal Transduction. Front Physiol 2022; 13:838004. [PMID: 35480041 PMCID: PMC9037237 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.838004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence suggests that resistance training in combination with specific collagen peptides (CP) improves adaptive responses of the muscular apparatus. Although beneficial effects have been repeatedly demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Therefore, the primary objective of the present randomized trial was to elucidate differences in gene expression pathways related to skeletal muscle signal transduction following acute high-load resistance exercise with and without CP intake. Recreationally active male participants were equally randomized to high-load leg extension exercise in combination with 15 g CP or placebo (PLA) supplementation. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained at baseline as well as 1, 4 and 24 h post exercise to investigate gene expression using next generation sequencing analysis. Several important anabolic pathways including PI3K-Akt and MAPK pathways were significantly upregulated at 1 and 4 h post-exercise. Significant between-group differences for both pathways were identified at the 4 h time point demonstrating a more pronounced effect after CP intake. Gene expression related to the mTOR pathway demonstrated a higher visual increase in the CP group compared to PLA by trend, but failed to achieve statistically significant group differences. The current findings revealed a significantly higher upregulation of key anabolic pathways (PI3K-Akt, MAPK) in human skeletal muscle 4 h following an acute resistance training combined with intake of 15 g of specific collagen peptides compared to placebo. Further investigations should examine potential relationships between upregulated gene expression and changes in myofibrillar protein synthesis as well as potential long-term effects on anabolic pathways on the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Centner
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Praxisklinik Rennbahn, Muttenz, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christoph Centner,
| | - Simon Jerger
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alistair Mallard
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna Herrmann
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eugenia Varfolomeeva
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob L. Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel König
- Department of Nutritional Science, Institute for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Institute for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kolind MI, Gam S, Phillip JG, Pareja-Blanco F, Olsen HB, Gao Y, Søgaard K, Nielsen JL. Effects of low load exercise with and without blood-flow restriction on microvascular oxygenation, muscle excitability and perceived pain. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:542-551. [PMID: 35125067 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2039781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This paper aimed to examine the acute effect of low-load (LL) exercise with blood-flow restriction (LL-BFR) on microvascular oxygenation and muscle excitability of the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles during a single bout of unilateral knee extension exercise performed to task failure. Seventeen healthy recreationally resistance-trained males were enrolled in a within-group randomized cross-over study design. Participants performed one set of unilateral knee extensions at 20% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) to task failure, using a LL-BFR or LL free-flow (LL-FF) protocol in a randomized order on separate days. Changes in microvascular oxygenation and muscle excitability in VL and VM were assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and surface electromyography (sEMG), respectively. Pain measures were collected using the visual analog scale (VAS) before and following set completion. Within- and between- protocol comparisons were performed at multiple time points of set completion for each muscle. During LL-BFR, participants performed 43% fewer repetitions and reported feeling more pain compared to LL-FF (p<0.05). Normalized to time to task failure, LL-BFR and LL-FF generally demonstrated similar progression in microvascular oxygenation and muscle excitability during exercise to task failure. The present results demonstrate that LL-BFR accelerates time to task failure, compared with LL-FF, resulting in a lower dose of mechanical work to elicit similar levels of oxygenation, blood-pooling, and muscle excitability. LL-BFR may be preferable to LL-FF in clinical settings where high workloads are contraindicated, although increased pain experienced during BFR may limit its application.HighlightsCompared to free flow (FF), neuromuscular fatigue mechanisms are accelerated during blood flow restricted (BFR) training. This can be observed as changes in microvascular oxygenation and muscle excitability occurring at a ∼43% faster mean rate during BFR compared to FF.BFR exercise seems to elicit the same level of neuromuscular fatigue as FF training within a shorter timeframe. This reduces total joint load and may be especially helpful in cases where high training volumes may be contraindicated (e.g. recovering from a sports injury or orthopedic surgery).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel I. Kolind
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campus vej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Søren Gam
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campus vej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jeppe G. Phillip
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campus vej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Fernando Pareja-Blanco
- Physical Performance & Sports Research Center, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera, 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Henrik B. Olsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campus vej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Sports Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, 310028 Hangzhou, China
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Seminaarinkatu 15, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Karen Søgaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campus vej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Campus vej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob L. Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campus vej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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7
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Andersen LW, Isbye D, Kjærgaard J, Kristensen CM, Darling S, Zwisler ST, Fisker S, Schmidt JC, Kirkegaard H, Grejs AM, Rossau JRG, Larsen JM, Rasmussen BS, Riddersholm S, Iversen K, Schultz M, Nielsen JL, Løfgren B, Lauridsen KG, Sølling C, Pælestik K, Kjærgaard AG, Due-Rasmussen D, Folke F, Charlot MG, Jepsen RMHG, Wiberg S, Donnino M, Kurth T, Høybye M, Sindberg B, Holmberg MJ, Granfeldt A. Effect of Vasopressin and Methylprednisolone vs Placebo on Return of Spontaneous Circulation in Patients With In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2021; 326:1586-1594. [PMID: 34587236 PMCID: PMC8482303 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2021.16628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Previous trials have suggested that vasopressin and methylprednisolone administered during in-hospital cardiac arrest might improve outcomes. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the combination of vasopressin and methylprednisolone administered during in-hospital cardiac arrest improves return of spontaneous circulation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted at 10 hospitals in Denmark. A total of 512 adult patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest were included between October 15, 2018, and January 21, 2021. The last 90-day follow-up was on April 21, 2021. INTERVENTION Patients were randomized to receive a combination of vasopressin and methylprednisolone (n = 245) or placebo (n = 267). The first dose of vasopressin (20 IU) and methylprednisolone (40 mg), or corresponding placebo, was administered after the first dose of epinephrine. Additional doses of vasopressin or corresponding placebo were administered after each additional dose of epinephrine for a maximum of 4 doses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was return of spontaneous circulation. Secondary outcomes included survival and favorable neurologic outcome at 30 days (Cerebral Performance Category score of 1 or 2). RESULTS Among 512 patients who were randomized, 501 met all inclusion and no exclusion criteria and were included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 71 [13] years; 322 men [64%]). One hundred of 237 patients (42%) in the vasopressin and methylprednisolone group and 86 of 264 patients (33%) in the placebo group achieved return of spontaneous circulation (risk ratio, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.03-1.63]; risk difference, 9.6% [95% CI, 1.1%-18.0%]; P = .03). At 30 days, 23 patients (9.7%) in the intervention group and 31 patients (12%) in the placebo group were alive (risk ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.50-1.37]; risk difference: -2.0% [95% CI, -7.5% to 3.5%]; P = .48). A favorable neurologic outcome was observed in 18 patients (7.6%) in the intervention group and 20 patients (7.6%) in the placebo group at 30 days (risk ratio, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.55-1.83]; risk difference, 0.0% [95% CI, -4.7% to 4.9%]; P > .99). In patients with return of spontaneous circulation, hyperglycemia occurred in 77 (77%) in the intervention group and 63 (73%) in the placebo group. Hypernatremia occurred in 28 (28%) and 27 (31%), in the intervention and placebo groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest, administration of vasopressin and methylprednisolone, compared with placebo, significantly increased the likelihood of return of spontaneous circulation. However, there is uncertainty whether this treatment results in benefit or harm for long-term survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03640949.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars W. Andersen
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Prehospital Emergency Medical Services, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dan Isbye
- Department of Anesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Kjærgaard
- Department of Cardiology, The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla M. Kristensen
- Department of Anesthesia, Centre of Head and Orthopedics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Darling
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stine T. Zwisler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stine Fisker
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Hans Kirkegaard
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Prehospital Emergency Medical Services, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders M. Grejs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen R. G. Rossau
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob M. Larsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Bodil S. Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Signe Riddersholm
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Schultz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob L. Nielsen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bo Løfgren
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
| | - Kasper G. Lauridsen
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Randers Regional Hospital, Randers, Denmark
- Unit of Clinical Simulation and Education, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Sølling
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Kim Pælestik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Anders G. Kjærgaard
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Dorte Due-Rasmussen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette G. Charlot
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sebastian Wiberg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Michael Donnino
- Center for Resuscitation Science, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tobias Kurth
- Institute of Public Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Høybye
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birthe Sindberg
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mathias J. Holmberg
- Research Center for Emergency Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine and Emergency Department, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Asger Granfeldt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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8
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N Jørgensen A, Y Jensen K, L Nielsen J, Frandsen U, G Hvid L, Bjørnshauge M, P Diederichsen L, Aagaard P. Effects of blood-flow restricted resistance training on mechanical muscle function and thigh lean mass in sIBM patients. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32:359-371. [PMID: 34637559 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is an idiopathic inflammatory muscle disease associated with skeletal muscle inflammation and a parallel progressive decline in muscle strength and physical function. Eventually, most sIBM patients require use of wheelchair after about 10 years of diagnosis and assistance to perform activities of daily living. This study presents data from a randomized controlled intervention trial (NCT02317094) that examined the effect of 12 weeks low-load blood-flow restricted (BFR) resistance training on maximal muscle strength, power, rate of force development (RFD), thigh lean mass (TLM), and voluntary muscle activation (VA) in sIBM patients. A time-by-group interaction in knee extensor strength was observed in the stronger leg (p ≤ 0.033) but not the weaker leg. Within-group changes were observed with BFR training (BFR) manifested by increased knee extensor strength in the strongest leg (+13.7%, p = 0.049), whereas non-exercising patients (CON) showed reduced knee extensor strength (-7.7%, p = 0.018). Maximal leg extensor power obtained for the stronger leg remained unchanged following BFR training (+9.5%, p = 0.37) while decreasing in CON (-11.1%, p = 0.05). No changes in TLM were observed. VA declined post-training (p = 0.037) in both BFR (-6.3% points) and CON (-7.5% points). The present data indicate that BFR resistance training can attenuate the rate of decline in mechanical muscle function typically experienced by sIBM patients. The preservation of muscle mass and mechanical muscle function with BFR resistance training may be considered of high clinical importance in sIBM patients to countermeasure the disease-related decline in physical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders N Jørgensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kasper Y Jensen
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars G Hvid
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Bjørnshauge
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Louise P Diederichsen
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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9
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Krustrup P, Mohr M, Nybo L, Draganidis D, Randers MB, Ermidis G, Ørntoft C, Røddik L, Batsilas D, Poulios A, Ørtenblad N, Loules G, Deli CK, Batrakoulis A, Nielsen JL, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros IG. Muscle metabolism and impaired sprint performance in an elite women's football game. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32 Suppl 1:27-38. [PMID: 34171140 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined skeletal muscle metabolism and changes in repeated sprint performance during match play for n = 20 competitive elite women outfield players. We obtained musculus vastus lateralis biopsies and blood samples before, after, and following intense periods in each half of a friendly match, along with 5 × 30-meter sprint tests and movement pattern analyses (10-Hz S5 Global Positioning System [GPS]). Muscle glycogen decreased by 39% and 42% after an intense period of the second half and after the match, respectively, compared to baseline (p < 0.05). Post-match, 80% type I fibers and 69% type II fibers were almost empty or completely empty of glycogen. Muscle lactate was higher (p < 0.05) after the intense period of the first half and post-match compared to baseline (14.3 ± 4.6 (±SEM) and 12.9 ± 5.7 vs. 6.4 ± 3.7 mmol/kg d.w.). Muscle phosphocreatine was reduced (p < 0.05) by 16% and 12%, respectively, after an intense period in the first and second half compared to baseline. Blood lactate and glucose increased during the match and peaked at 8.4 ± 2.0 and 7.9 ± 1.2 mmol/L, respectively. Mean 5 × 30 m sprint time declined by 3.2 ± 1.7 and 7.0 ± 2.1% after the first and second half, respectively, and 4.7 ± 1.6% (p < 0.05) after an intense period in the first half compared to baseline. In conclusion, match play in elite female football players resulted in marked glycogen depletion in both fiber types, which may explain fatigue at the end of a match. Repeated sprint ability was impaired after intense periods in the first half and after both halves, which may be associated with the observed muscle metabolite perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Center of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Morten B Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Georgios Ermidis
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, "Parthenope" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Christina Ørntoft
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Team Danmark, Brøndby, Denmark
| | - Line Røddik
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dimitrios Batsilas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Georgios Loules
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Charikleia K Deli
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Alexios Batrakoulis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Jakob L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Athanasios Z Jamurtas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
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10
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Vigh-Larsen JF, Ermidis G, Rago V, Randers MB, Fransson D, Nielsen JL, Gliemann L, Piil JF, Morris NB, DE Paoli FV, Overgaard K, Andersen TB, Nybo L, Krustrup P, Mohr M. Muscle Metabolism and Fatigue during Simulated Ice Hockey Match-Play in Elite Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 52:2162-2171. [PMID: 32496739 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigated muscle metabolism and fatigue during simulated elite male ice hockey match-play. METHODS Thirty U20 male national team players completed an experimental game comprising three periods of 8 × 1-min shifts separated by 2-min recovery intervals. Two vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained either during the game (n = 7) or pregame and postgame (n = 6). Venous blood samples were drawn pregame and at the end of the first and last periods (n = 14). Activity pattern and physiological responses were continuously monitored using local positioning system and heart rate recordings. Further, repeated-sprint ability was tested pregame and after each period. RESULTS Total distance covered was 5980 ± 199 m with almost half the distance covered at high skating speeds (>17 km·h). Average and peak on-ice heart rate was 84% ± 2% and 97% ± 2% of maximum heart rate, respectively. Muscle lactate increased (P ≤ 0.05) more than fivefold and threefold, whereas muscle pH decreased (P ≤ 0.05) from 7.31 ± 0.04 pregame to 6.99 ± 0.07 and 7.13 ± 0.11 during the first and last periods, respectively. Muscle glycogen decreased by 53% postgame (P ≤ 0.05) with ~65% of fast- and slow-twitch fibers depleted of glycogen. Blood lactate increased sixfold (P ≤ 0.05), whereas plasma free fatty acid levels increased 1.5-fold and threefold (P ≤ 0.05) after the first and last periods. Repeated-sprint ability was impaired (~3%; P ≤ 0.05) postgame concomitant with a ~10% decrease in the number of accelerations and decelerations during the second and last periods (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that a simulated ice hockey match-play scenario encompasses a high on-ice heart rate response and glycolytic loading resulting in a marked degradation of muscle glycogen, particularly in specific sub-groups of fibers. This may be of importance both for fatigue in the final stages of a game and for subsequent recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeppe F Vigh-Larsen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Exercise Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DENMARK
| | | | | | | | - Dan Fransson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SWEDEN
| | - Jakob L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DENMARK
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Jacob F Piil
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | - Nathan B Morris
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
| | | | - Kristian Overgaard
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Exercise Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DENMARK
| | - Thomas B Andersen
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Exercise Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DENMARK
| | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK
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11
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Burr JF, Hughes L, Warmington S, Scott BR, Owens J, Abe T, Nielsen JL, Libardi CA, Laurentino G, Neto GR, Brandner C, Martin-Hernandez J, Loenneke J, Patterson SD. Response: Commentary: Can Blood Flow Restricted Exercise Cause Muscle Damage? Commentary on Blood Flow Restriction Exercise: Considerations of Methodology, Application, and Safety. Front Physiol 2020; 11:574633. [PMID: 33192577 PMCID: PMC7662128 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.574633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie F Burr
- Human Performance and Health Research Laboratory, Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Science University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Luke Hughes
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Warmington
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Brendan R Scott
- Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Johnny Owens
- Owens Recovery Science, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Takashi Abe
- Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Jakob L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Gilberto Laurentino
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jeremy Loenneke
- Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Stephen D Patterson
- School of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, United Kingdom
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12
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Nielsen JL, Frandsen U, Jensen KY, Prokhorova TA, Dalgaard LB, Bech RD, Nygaard T, Suetta C, Aagaard P. Skeletal Muscle Microvascular Changes in Response to Short-Term Blood Flow Restricted Training-Exercise-Induced Adaptations and Signs of Perivascular Stress. Front Physiol 2020; 11:556. [PMID: 32595516 PMCID: PMC7303802 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Previous reports suggest that low-load muscle exercise performed under blood flow restriction (BFR) may lead to endurance adaptations. However, only few and conflicting results exist on the magnitude and timing of microvascular adaptations, overall indicating a lack of angiogenesis with BFR training. The present study, therefore, aimed to examine the effect of short-term high-frequency BFR training on human skeletal muscle vascularization. Methods: Participants completed 3 weeks of high-frequency (one to two daily sessions) training consisting of either BFR exercise [(BFRE) n = 10, 22.8 ± 2.3 years; 20% one-repetition maximum (1RM), 100 mmHg] performed to concentric failure or work-matched free-flow exercise [(CON) n = 8, 21.9 ± 3.0 years; 20% 1RM]. Muscle biopsies [vastus lateralis (VL)] were obtained at baseline, 8 days into the intervention, and 3 and 10 days after cessation of the intervention to examine capillary and perivascular adaptations, as well as angiogenesis-related protein signaling and gene expression. Results: Capillary per myofiber and capillary area (CA) increased 21–24 and 25–34%, respectively, in response to BFRE (P < 0.05–0.01), while capillary density (CD) remained unchanged. Overall, these adaptations led to a consistent elevation (15–16%) in the capillary-to-muscle area ratio following BFRE (P < 0.05–0.01). In addition, evaluation of perivascular properties indicated thickening of the perivascular basal membrane following BFRE. No or only minor changes were observed in CON. Conclusion: This study is the first to show that short-term high-frequency, low-load BFRE can lead to microvascular adaptations (i.e., capillary neoformation and changes in morphology), which may contribute to the endurance effects previously documented with BFR training. The observation of perivascular membrane thickening suggests that high-frequency BFRE may be associated with significant vascular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics and SDU Muscle Research Cluster, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics and SDU Muscle Research Cluster, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kasper Y Jensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics and SDU Muscle Research Cluster, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tatyana A Prokhorova
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics and SDU Muscle Research Cluster, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Line B Dalgaard
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rune D Bech
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Nygaard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics and SDU Muscle Research Cluster, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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13
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Hansen SK, Ratzer J, Nielsen JL, Suetta C, Karlsen A, Kvorning T, Frandsen U, Aagaard P. Effects of alternating blood flow restricted training and heavy-load resistance training on myofiber morphology and mechanical muscle function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1523-1532. [PMID: 32324471 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00015.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate if short-term block-structured training consisting of alternating weeks of blood flow restricted low-load resistance training (BFR-RT) and conventional free-flow heavy-load resistance training (HL-RT) leads to superior gains in mechanical muscle function, myofiber size, and satellite cell (SC) content and myonuclear number compared with HL-RT alone. Eighteen active young participants (women/men: 5/13, 23 ± 1.2 yr) were randomized to 6 wk (22 sessions) of lower limb HL-RT [70-90% one repetition maximum (1-RM)] (HRT, n = 9) or block-structured training alternating weekly between BFR-RT (20% 1-RM) and HL-RT (BFR-HRT, n = 9). Maximal isometric knee extensor strength (MVC) and muscle biopsies (VL) were obtained pre- and posttraining to examine changes in muscle strength, myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA), myonuclear (MN) number, and SC content. MVC increased in both training groups (BFR-HRT: +12%, HRT: +7%; P < 0.05). Type II myofiber CSA increased similarly (+16%) in BFR-HRT and HRT (P < 0.05), while gains in type I CSA were observed following HRT only (+12%, P < 0.05). In addition, myonuclear number remained unchanged, whereas SC content increased in type II myofibers following HRT (+59%, P < 0.05). Short-term alternating BFR-RT and HL-RT did not produce superior gains in muscle strength or myofiber size compared with HL-RT alone. Noticeably, however, conventional HL-RT could be periodically replaced by low-load BFR-RT without compromising training-induced gains in maximal muscle strength and type II myofiber size, respectively.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present data demonstrate that periodically substituting heavy-load resistance training (HL-RT) with low-load blood flow restricted resistance training (BFR-RT) leads to similar gains in type II myofiber CSA and muscle strength as achieved by HL-RT alone. Furthermore, we have for the first time evaluated myonuclear content and myonuclear domain size before and after training intervention across separate fiber size clusters and found no within-cluster changes for these parameters with training.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Hansen
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Geriatric Research Unit, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Ratzer
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J L Nielsen
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C Suetta
- Geriatric Research Unit, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Geriatric Research Unit, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Karlsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Kvorning
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Team Danmark (The Danish Elite Sport Institution), Brøndby, Denmark
| | - U Frandsen
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Aagaard
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Nielsen JL. Ageing of human skeletal muscle - myofibre reinnervation as a protective determinant of age-related loss of physical function. J Physiol 2019; 598:29-31. [PMID: 31769504 DOI: 10.1113/jp279291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics and SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Patterson SD, Hughes L, Warmington S, Burr J, Scott BR, Owens J, Abe T, Nielsen JL, Libardi CA, Laurentino G, Neto GR, Brandner C, Martin-Hernandez J, Loenneke J. Corrigendum: Blood Flow Restriction Exercise: Considerations of Methodology, Application, and Safety. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1332. [PMID: 31695626 PMCID: PMC6818375 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00533.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Patterson
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Marys University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Hughes
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Marys University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Warmington
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Burr
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan R Scott
- Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Johnny Owens
- Owens Recovery Science, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Takashi Abe
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Jakob L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cleiton Augusto Libardi
- MUSCULAB - Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Laurentino
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Rodrigues Neto
- Coordination of Physical Education/Professional Master's in Family Health, Nursing and Medical Schools, Nova Esperança (FAMENE/FACENE), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Martin-Hernandez
- I+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jeremy Loenneke
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
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Nielsen JL, Suetta C, Frandsen U, Rørdam L, Bülow J, Boushel R, Aagaard P. Nitric Oxide-dependent Myogenic Satellite Cell Activation In Human Skeletal Muscle Following Blood-flow Restricted Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000563412.04706.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Patterson SD, Hughes L, Warmington S, Burr J, Scott BR, Owens J, Abe T, Nielsen JL, Libardi CA, Laurentino G, Neto GR, Brandner C, Martin-Hernandez J, Loenneke J. Blood Flow Restriction Exercise: Considerations of Methodology, Application, and Safety. Front Physiol 2019; 10:533. [PMID: 31156448 PMCID: PMC6530612 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The current manuscript sets out a position stand for blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise, focusing on the methodology, application and safety of this mode of training. With the emergence of this technique and the wide variety of applications within the literature, the aim of this position stand is to set out a current research informed guide to BFR training to practitioners. This covers the use of BFR to enhance muscular strength and hypertrophy via training with resistance and aerobic exercise and preventing muscle atrophy using the technique passively. The authorship team for this article was selected from the researchers focused in BFR training research with expertise in exercise science, strength and conditioning and sports medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D. Patterson
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Marys University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luke Hughes
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Sciences, St Marys University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Warmington
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Burr
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan R. Scott
- Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Johnny Owens
- Owens Recovery Science, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Takashi Abe
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Jakob L. Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cleiton Augusto Libardi
- MUSCULAB – Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Laurentino
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Rodrigues Neto
- Coordination of Physical Education/Professional Master’s in Family Health, Nursing and Medical Schools, Nova Esperança (FAMENE/FACENE), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Martin-Hernandez
- I+HeALTH Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jeremy Loenneke
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
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Lynge TH, Nielsen JL, Risgaard B, Van Der Werf C, Winkel BG, Tfelt-Hansen J. 1001Causes of sudden cardiac death according to age among persons aged 1-49 years: a nationwide study of 14,294 deaths in Denmark. Europace 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy015.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T H Lynge
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J L Nielsen
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Risgaard
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Van Der Werf
- Academic Medical Center of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - B G Winkel
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Tfelt-Hansen
- Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, The Heart Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Scribner KT, Soiseth C, McGuire J, Sage GK, Thorsteinson L, Nielsen JL, Knudsen E. Genetic assessment of the effects of streamscape succession on coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch colonization in recently deglaciated streams. J Fish Biol 2017; 91:195-218. [PMID: 28523791 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Measures of genetic diversity within and among populations and historical geomorphological data on stream landscapes were used in model simulations based on approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) to examine hypotheses of the relative importance of stream features (geomorphology and age) associated with colonization events and gene flow for coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch breeding in recently deglaciated streams (50-240 years b.p.) in Glacier Bay National Park (GBNP), Alaska. Population estimates of genetic diversity including heterozygosity and allelic richness declined significantly and monotonically from the oldest and largest to youngest and smallest GBNP streams. Interpopulation variance in allele frequency increased with increasing distance between streams (r = 0·435, P < 0·01) and was inversely related to stream age (r = -0·281, P < 0·01). The most supported model of colonization involved ongoing or recent (<10 generations before sampling) colonization originating from large populations outside Glacier Bay proper into all other GBNP streams sampled. Results here show that sustained gene flow from large source populations is important to recently established O. kisutch metapopulations. Studies that document how genetic and demographic characteristics of newly founded populations vary associated with successional changes in stream habitat are of particular importance to and have significant implications for, restoration of declining or repatriation of extirpated populations in other regions of the species' native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Scribner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1222, U.S.A
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1222, U.S.A
| | - C Soiseth
- Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, P. O. Box 140, Gustavus, AK, 99826, U.S.A
| | - J McGuire
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1222, U.S.A
| | - G K Sage
- U. S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, U.S.A
| | - L Thorsteinson
- Alaska Region, U. S. Geological Survey, 250 Egan Drive, Juneau, AK, 99801, U.S.A
| | - J L Nielsen
- U. S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, U.S.A
| | - E Knudsen
- U. S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, U.S.A
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Nielsen JL, Aagaard P, Prokhorova TA, Nygaard T, Bech RD, Suetta C, Frandsen U. Blood flow restricted training leads to myocellular macrophage infiltration and upregulation of heat shock proteins, but no apparent muscle damage. J Physiol 2017; 595:4857-4873. [PMID: 28481416 DOI: 10.1113/jp273907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Muscular contractions performed using a combination of low external loads and partial restriction of limb blood flow appear to induce substantial gains in muscle strength and muscle mass. This exercise regime may initially induce muscular stress and damage; however, the effects of a period of blood flow restricted training on these parameters remain largely unknown. The present study shows that short-term, high-frequency, low-load muscle training performed with partial blood flow restriction does not induce significant muscular damage. However, signs of myocellular stress and inflammation that were observed in the early phase of training and after the training intervention, respectively, may be facilitating the previously reported gains in myogenic satellite cell content and muscle hypertrophy. The present results improve our current knowledge about the physiological effects of low-load muscular contractions performed under blood flow restriction and may provide important information of relevance for future therapeutic treatment of muscular atrophy. ABSTRACT Previous studies indicate that low-load muscle contractions performed under local blood flow restriction (BFR) may initially induce muscle damage and stress. However, whether these factors are evoked with longitudinal BFR training remains unexplored at the myocellular level. Two distinct study protocols were conducted, covering 3 weeks (3 wk) or one week (1 wk). Subjects performed BFR exercise (100 mmHg, 20% 1RM) to concentric failure (BFRE) (3 wk/1 wk), while controls performed work-matched (LLE) (3 wk) or high-load (HLE; 70% 1RM) (1 wk) free-flow exercise. Muscle biopsies (3 wk) were obtained at baseline (Pre), 8 days into the intervention (Mid8), and 3 and 10 days after training cessation (Post3, Post10) to examine macrophage (M1/M2) content as well as heat shock protein (HSP27/70) and tenascin-C expression. Blood samples (1 wk) were collected before and after (0.1-24 h) the first and last training session to examine markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase), oxidative stress (total antibody capacity, glutathione) and inflammation (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor α). M1-macrophage content increased 108-165% with BFRE and LLE at Post3 (P < 0.05), while M2-macrophages increased (163%) with BFRE only (P < 0.01). Membrane and intracellular HSP27 expression increased 60-132% at Mid8 with BFRE (P < 0.05-0.01). No or only minor changes were observed in circulating markers of muscle damage, oxidative stress and inflammation. The amplitude, timing and localization of the above changes indicate that only limited muscle damage was evoked with BFRE. This study is the first to show that a period of high-frequency, low-load BFR training does not appear to induce general myocellular damage. However, signs of tissue inflammation and focal myocellular membrane stress and/or reorganization were observed that may be involved in the adaptation processes evoked by BFR muscle exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, and SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, and SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tatyana A Prokhorova
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, and SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tobias Nygaard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune D Bech
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, and SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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21
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Jørgensen AN, Aagaard P, Nielsen JL, Christiansen M, Hvid LG, Frandsen U, Diederichsen LP. Physical function and muscle strength in sporadic inclusion body myositis. Muscle Nerve 2017; 56:E50-E58. [PMID: 28187529 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this study, self-reported physical function, functional capacity, and isolated muscle function were investigated in sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) patients. METHODS The 36-item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey and 2-min walk test (2MWT), timed up & go test (TUG), and 30-s chair stand performance were evaluated. In addition, patients were tested for knee extensor muscle strength (isokinetic dynamometer) and leg extension power (Nottingham power rig). RESULTS TUG performance was the strongest predictor of self-reported physical function (r2 = 0.56, P < 0.05). Knee extension strength and between-limb strength asymmetry were the strongest multi-regression indicators of TUG performance (r2 = 0.51, P < 0.05). Strength asymmetry showed the strongest single-factor (negative) association with 2MWT performance (r2 = 0.49, P < 0.05). DISCUSSION TUG assessment appears to sensitively predict self-perceived physical function in sIBM patients. Notably, between-limb asymmetry in lower limb muscle strength had a substantial negative impact on motor tasks involving gait function. Muscle Nerve 56: E50-E58, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders N Jørgensen
- Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Christiansen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars G Hvid
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Jensen HB, Nielsen JL, Ravnborg M, Dalgas U, Aagaard P, Stenager E. Effect of slow release-Fampridine on muscle strength, rate of force development, functional capacity and cognitive function in an enriched population of MS patients. A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2016; 10:137-144. [PMID: 27919481 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DESIGN This study was conducted as a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled parallel group trial preceded by open label enrichment phase. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were 1) to examine the effect of SR-Fampridine treatment on muscle strength in terms of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and rate of force development (RFD) of the lower extremities and 2) to replicate previously published data on the effect of slow release-Fampridine (SR-Fampridine) on the functional capacity of the lower limbs, the upper limb and cognitive function, in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). METHODS Previously identified responders to SR-Fampridine were randomized to SR- Fampridine or placebo treatment for four weeks. On days 0 and 26-28 participants underwent testing by isokinetic dynamometry, Nine Hole Peg Test (9-HPT), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Six Spot Step Test (SSST), Timed 25 Foot Walk Test (T25FW) and 5-Times Sit-to-Stand (5-STS). RESULTS A statistical significant effect of SR-Fampridine on MVC was demonstrated during knee extension, knee flexion and hip flexion of the weakest leg, as well as on RFD during knee extension and knee flexion of the weakest leg. Furthermore, a significant effect of SR-Fampridine on T25FW, SSST and 5-STS was demonstrated. CONCLUSION Gold standard dynamometry assessment of muscle strength showed improved MVC and RFD in persons with MS treated with SR-Fampridine compared to placebo. Furthermore, previous findings on the effects of SR-Fampridine on functional capacity of the lower limbs were replicated. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01656148.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Jensen
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; MS-clinic of Southern Jutland (Sønderborg, Vejle, Esbjerg), Department of Neurology, Sønderborg Hospital, Denmark.
| | - J L Nielsen
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - M Ravnborg
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - U Dalgas
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - P Aagaard
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - E Stenager
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; MS-clinic of Southern Jutland (Sønderborg, Vejle, Esbjerg), Department of Neurology, Sønderborg Hospital, Denmark
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Aagaard P, Jacobsen M, Jensen KY, Nielsen JL, Bülow J, Rørdam L, Suetta C, Frandsen U. Effects of Chronic Blood-Flow Restriction Exercise on Skeletal Muscle Size and Myogenic Satellite Cell Expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000488106.09083.4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Jørgensen AN, Aagaard P, Nielsen JL, Frandsen U, Diederichsen LP. Effects of blood-flow-restricted resistance training on muscle function in a 74-year-old male with sporadic inclusion body myositis: a case report. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 36:504-509. [PMID: 26095885 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is a systemic disease that is characterized by substantial skeletal muscle weakness and muscle inflammation, leading to impaired physical function. The objective was to investigate the effect of low-load resistance exercise with concurrent partial blood flow restriction to the working muscles (blood-flow-restricted (BFR) training) in a patient with sIBM. The training consisted of 12 weeks of lower extremity BFR training with low training loads (~25-RM). The patient was tested for mechanical muscle function and functional capacity before and after 6 and 12 weeks of training. Maximal horizontal gait speed increased by 19%, which was accompanied by 38-92% improvements in mechanical muscle function (maximal isometric strength, rate of force development and muscle power). In conclusion, BFR training was well tolerated by the patient with sIBM and led to substantial improvements in mechanical muscle function and gait speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Jørgensen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - P Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J L Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - U Frandsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle research Cluster (SMRC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - L P Diederichsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Jensen L, Gejl KD, Ørtenblad N, Nielsen JL, Bech RD, Nygaard T, Sahlin K, Frandsen U. Carbohydrate restricted recovery from long term endurance exercise does not affect gene responses involved in mitochondrial biogenesis in highly trained athletes. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/2/e12184. [PMID: 25677542 PMCID: PMC4393183 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to determine if the metabolic adaptations, particularly PGC-1α and downstream metabolic genes were affected by restricting CHO following an endurance exercise bout in trained endurance athletes. A second aim was to compare baseline expression level of these genes to untrained. Elite endurance athletes (VO2max 66 ± 2 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1), n = 15) completed 4 h cycling at ~56% VO2max. During the first 4 h recovery subjects were provided with either CHO or only H2O and thereafter both groups received CHO. Muscle biopsies were collected before, after, and 4 and 24 h after exercise. Also, resting biopsies were collected from untrained subjects (n = 8). Exercise decreased glycogen by 67.7 ± 4.0% (from 699 ± 26.1 to 239 ± 29.5 mmol·kg(-1)·dw(-1)) with no difference between groups. Whereas 4 h of recovery with CHO partly replenished glycogen, the H2O group remained at post exercise level; nevertheless, the gene expression was not different between groups. Glycogen and most gene expression levels returned to baseline by 24 h in both CHO and H2O. Baseline mRNA expression of NRF-1, COX-IV, GLUT4 and PPAR-α gene targets were higher in trained compared to untrained. Additionally, the proportion of type I muscle fibers positively correlated with baseline mRNA for PGC-1α, TFAM, NRF-1, COX-IV, PPAR-α, and GLUT4 for both trained and untrained. CHO restriction during recovery from glycogen depleting exercise does not improve the mRNA response of markers of mitochondrial biogenesis. Further, baseline gene expression of key metabolic pathways is higher in trained than untrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Jensen
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Institute of Clinical Research, Clinical Pathology, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kasper D Gejl
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Jakob L Nielsen
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rune D Bech
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tobias Nygaard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kent Sahlin
- The Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, GIH, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Muscle Research Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Arp K, Nielsen JL, Madsen B, Frandsen U, Aagaard P. Rapid Force Capacity and Neuromuscular Function in ACL Reconstructed Patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000493774.03778.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kjeldal H, Pell L, Pommerening-Röser A, Nielsen JL. Influence of p-cresol on the proteome of the autotrophic nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas eutropha C91. Arch Microbiol 2014; 196:497-511. [PMID: 24777776 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-0985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of the organic micropollutant and known inhibitor of nitrification, p-cresol, was investigated on the metabolism of the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Nitrosomonas eutropha C91 using MS-based quantitative proteomics. Several studies have demonstrated that AOB are capable of biotransforming a wide variety of aromatic compounds making them suitable candidates for bioremediation, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly described. The effect of two different concentrations of the aromatic micropollutant p-cresol (1 and 10 mg L(-1)) on the metabolism of N. eutropha C91, relative to a p-cresol absent control, was investigated. Though the rate of nitrification in N. eutropha C91 appeared essentially unaffected at both concentrations of p-cresol relative to the control, the expressional pattern of the proteins of N. eutropha C91 changed significantly. The presence of p-cresol resulted in the repressed expression of several key proteins related to N-metabolism, seemingly impairing energy production in N. eutropha C91, contradicting the observed unaltered rates of nitrification. However, the expression of proteins of the TCA cycle and proteins related to xenobiotic degradation, including a p-cresol dehydrogenase, was found to be stimulated by the presence of p-cresol. This indicates that N. eutropha C91 is capable of degrading p-cresol and that it assimilates degradation intermediates into the TCA cycle. The results reveal a pathway for p-cresol degradation and subsequent entry point in the TCA cycle in N. eutropha C91. The obtained data indicate that mixotrophy, rather than cometabolism, is the major mechanism behind p-cresol degradation in N. eutropha C91.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kjeldal
- Departments of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Center for Microbial Communities, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Fischer H, Jeffery L, Nielsen JL, Nielsen LR. PS-021 Use of an E-learning program to improve paediatric nurses’ dose calculation skills. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000436.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Kvorning T, Christensen LL, Madsen K, Nielsen JL, Gejl KD, Brixen K, Andersen M. Mechanical Muscle Function and Lean Body Mass During Supervised Strength Training and Testosterone Therapy in Aging Men with Low-Normal Testosterone Levels. J Am Geriatr Soc 2013; 61:957-962. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thue Kvorning
- Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Louise L. Christensen
- Department of Endocrinology; Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Klavs Madsen
- Section for Sport Science; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Jakob L. Nielsen
- Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Kasper D. Gejl
- Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Kim Brixen
- Department of Endocrinology; Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
| | - Marianne Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology; Odense University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Research; University of Southern Denmark; Odense Denmark
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Mielczarek AT, Saunders AM, Larsen P, Albertsen M, Stevenson M, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH. The Microbial Database for Danish wastewater treatment plants with nutrient removal (MiDas-DK) - a tool for understanding activated sludge population dynamics and community stability. Water Sci Technol 2013; 67:2519-2526. [PMID: 23752384 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2013.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Since 2006 more than 50 Danish full-scale wastewater treatment plants with nutrient removal have been investigated in a project called 'The Microbial Database for Danish Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment Plants with Nutrient Removal (MiDas-DK)'. Comprehensive sets of samples have been collected, analyzed and associated with extensive operational data from the plants. The community composition was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) supported by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and deep metagenomics. MiDas-DK has been a powerful tool to study the complex activated sludge ecosystems, and, besides many scientific articles on fundamental issues on mixed communities encompassing nitrifiers, denitrifiers, bacteria involved in P-removal, hydrolysis, fermentation, and foaming, the project has provided results that can be used to optimize the operation of full-scale plants and carry out trouble-shooting. A core microbial community has been defined comprising the majority of microorganisms present in the plants. Time series have been established, providing an overview of temporal variations in the different plants. Interestingly, although most microorganisms were present in all plants, there seemed to be plant-specific factors that controlled the population composition thereby keeping it unique in each plant over time. Statistical analyses of FISH and operational data revealed some correlations, but less than expected. MiDas-DK (www.midasdk.dk) will continue over the next years and we hope the approach can inspire others to make similar projects in other parts of the world to get a more comprehensive understanding of microbial communities in wastewater engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Mielczarek
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 49, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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Frandsen U, Nielsen JL, Jensen L, Nygaard T, Bech RD, Wernbom M, Suetta C, Aagaard P. Short-term Bfr Resistance Training Increase Skeletal Muscle Myofiber Size Without Concomitant Increase In Capillary Density. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000402090.89854.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nielsen JL, Aagaard P, Bech RD, Nygaard T, Wernbom M, Suetta C, Frandsen U. Rapid Increases in Myogenic Satellite Cells Expressing Pax-7 with Blood Flow Restricted Low-intensity Resistance Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000402091.97477.4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The hypothesis that growth in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. is dependent on previous growth was tested using annual scale growth measurements of wild Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha returning to the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers, Alaska, from 1964 to 2004. First-year marine growth in individual O. tshawytscha was significantly correlated with growth in fresh water. Furthermore, growth during each of 3 or 4 years at sea was related to growth during the previous year. The magnitude of the growth response to the previous year's growth was greater when mean year-class growth during the previous year was relatively low. Length (eye to tail fork, L(ETF)) of adult O. tshawytscha was correlated with cumulative scale growth after the first year at sea. Adult L(ETF) was also weakly correlated with scale growth that occurred during freshwater residence 4 to 5 years earlier, indicating the importance of growth in fresh water. Positive growth response to previous growth in O. tshawytscha was probably related to piscivorous diet and foraging benefits of large body size. Faster growth among O. tshawytscha year classes that initially grew slowly may reflect high mortality in slow growing fish and subsequent compensatory growth in survivors. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in this study exhibited complex growth patterns showing a positive relationship with previous growth and a possible compensatory response to environmental factors affecting growth of the age class.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Ruggerone
- Natural Resources Consultants, 4039 21st Avenue West, Suite 404, Seattle, WA 98199, USA.
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Jørgensen JM, Sørensen FB, Bendix K, Nielsen JL, Olsen ML, Funder AMD, d'Amore F. Angiogenesis in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Clinico-pathological correlations and prognostic significance in specific subtypes. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 48:584-95. [PMID: 17454603 DOI: 10.1080/10428190601083241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate angiogenesis in different subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and to correlate angiogenic scores to clinical endpoints. Pre-therapeutic lymph node biopsies from 308 patients with NHL [107 follicular B-cell lymphoma (FL), 94 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 107 peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL)] were studied. Microvessels were scored according to the Chalkley and microvessel density method (MVD) methods. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Both Chalkley and MVD methods showed, that the lymphoma subtypes differed significantly in angiogenic scores (P < 0.001). Angiogenic scores in tumor area were highest in PTCL, and lowest in FL. However, a remarkable high microvessel density was found in interfollicular areas of FL. In FL, high interfollicular MVD scores predicted progressive disease and poorer overall and event-free survival (P = 0.024 and 0.013). High interfollicular Chalkley scores correlated with transformation to DLBCL (P = 0.01). VEGF expression was detected in all NHL subtype, and the strongest expression was found in PTCL. In FL, patients with diffuse VEGF expression in lymphoma cells had poorer overall survival than those with focal expression.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology
- Male
- Microcirculation
- Middle Aged
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Prognosis
- Survival Rate
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Jørgensen
- Department of Haematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Arhus, Denmark
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la Cour Petersen E, Vesterby A, Baandrup U, Nielsen JL. Correlation of Electrophysiology and morphology in myocardial sarcoidosis. A case report. Acta Med Scand 2009; 211:407-10. [PMID: 7113753 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1982.tb01970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A 44-year-old man with systemic sarcoidosis for 11 years developed myocardial sarcoidosis with left bundle branch block and recurrent ventricular tachycardia prior to death. Autopsy showed granulomas and fibrosis in the myocardium including the left ventricular free wall, septum and His bundle, particular the left bundle branch. This is in accordance with the ECG findings.
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Kjellerup BV, Olesen BH, Nielsen JL, Sowers KR, Nielsen PH. In situ detection of bacteria involved in cathodic depolarization and stainless steel surface corrosion using microautoradiography. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:2231-8. [PMID: 19016973 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the activity of bacteria involved in cathodic depolarization and surface corrosion on stainless steel in an in situ model system. METHODS AND RESULTS The microautoradiographic technique (MAR) was used to evaluate the activity of bacterial populations on stainless steel surfaces with a single cell resolution. Anaerobic uptake and fixation of (14)C-labelled bicarbonate occurred within corrosion sites in the absence of atmospheric hydrogen or other external electron donors, whereas it was taken up and fixed by bacteria at all other stainless steel surfaces in the presence of atmospheric hydrogen. This indicates that the bacteria utilized electrons originating from the corrosion sites due to the ongoing corrosion (cathodic depolarization). CONCLUSION Under in situ conditions, bacteria were fixating (14)C-labelled bicarbonate at corrosion sites in the absence of atmospheric hydrogen. This indicates that electrons transferred to the bacteria provided energy for bicarbonate fixation due to cathodic depolarization. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Application of the MAR method showed ongoing biocorrosion in the applied in situ model system and allowed in situ examination of bacterial activity on a single cell level directly on a metal surface providing information about potential corrosion mechanisms. Furthermore, application of fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with MAR allows for identification of the active bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Kjellerup
- University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Center of Marine Biotechnology, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hagman M, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH, Jansen JLC. Mixed carbon sources for nitrate reduction in activated sludge-identification of bacteria and process activity studies. Water Res 2008; 42:1539-1546. [PMID: 18061233 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of methanol and acetate as carbon source were investigated in order to determine their capacity to enhance denitrification and for analysis of the microbial composition and carbon degradation activity in activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants. Laboratory batch reactors at 20 degrees C were used for nitrate uptake rate (NUR) measurements in order to investigate the anoxic activity, while single and mixed carbon substrates were added to activated sludge. Microautoradiography (MAR) in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) were applied for microbial analysis during exposure to different carbon sources. The NUR increased with additions of a mixture of acetate and methanol compared with additions of a single carbon source. MAR-FISH measurements demonstrated that the probe-defined group of Azoarcus was the main group of bacteria utilising acetate and the only active group utilising methanol under anoxic conditions. The present study indicated an improved denitrification potential by additions of a mixed carbon source compared with commonly used single-carbon additions. It is also established that Azoarcus bacteria are involved in the degradation of both acetate and methanol in the anoxic activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hagman
- Water and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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Vassiliades TA, Nielsen JL. Alternative approaches in off-pump redo coronary artery bypass grafting. Heart Surg Forum 2006; 3:203-6. [PMID: 11074974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2000] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent development of off-pump and minimally invasive techniques in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has provided the surgeon with multiple options in performing redo revascularization procedures. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed our early results in off-pump redo CABG procedures. Between January 1998 and January 2000, we performed 55 off-pump redo CABG procedures: 25 through a full sternotomy, 21 through a left posterolateral thoracotomy, 5 using a lower hemi-sternotomy and 4 using a mini anterior thoracotomy with thoracoscopic internal mammary artery harvesting. The mean age of this group was 67.7 years (range 37-85). The mean number of grafts performed in earlier operations was 2.7 (range 1-6) with 51% of grafts still partially or fully open at the time of re-operation. Twenty-six patients (47.3%) had a functioning left internal mammary artery graft to left anterior descending. Preoperative clinical severity scoring predicted a mortality of 9% and morbidity of 30%. RESULTS There were no operative or thirty-day infarctions or deaths. Morbidity included pulmonary complications (8), renal failure (1) and bleeding (1) for a total complication rate of 18.9%. The average number of grafts performed was 2.7 (range 1-5) for sternotomy patients and 1.4 (range 1-3) for thoracotomy patients. CONCLUSIONS By employing alternative approaches in performing off-pump redo CABG procedures, the surgeon can often avoid injury to pre-existing patent internal mammary grafts as well as the morbidity associated with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Vassiliades
- Pensacola Heart Institute, 5147 North Ninth Avenue, Suite 401, Pensacola, Florida 32504, USA.
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Larsen P, Eriksen PS, Lou MA, Thomsen TR, Kong YH, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH. Floc-forming properties of polyphosphate accumulating organisms in activated sludge. Water Sci Technol 2006; 54:257-65. [PMID: 16898159 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2006.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The physico-chemical characteristics of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) involved in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) was investigated in order to find a novel method for phosphorus recovery. If the physico-chemical characteristics of PAO are different from those of other main floc components, it may be possible to enrich PAO in bulk water or in the floc material for improved recovery of phosphorus. A combination of shear tests, chemical manipulation, and quantification of PAO by fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied. The microcolony strength of both Rhodocyclus-related PAO and Actinobacteria-related PAO was generally high as no treatment could break up more than 20% of all PAO in microcolonies. In contrast, it was possible to remove 20-40% of the organic matter and other bacterial cells by applying a high pH value or adding EDTA. With that a selective enrichment of PAO in the remaining floc material was possible. The feasibility of applying this selective PAO enrichment in flocs remains to be evaluated in full-scale plants for P-recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Larsen
- Department of Life Sciences, Section of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 57, DK-9000, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Abstract
Culture-independent investigations of the bacterial diversity and activity in district heating systems with and without corrosion did not make it possible to relate one group of microorganisms with the observed corrosion. Fluorescence in situ hybridization by oligonucleotide probes revealed the dominance of beta-proteobacteria, sulphate reducing prokaryotes and alpha-proteobacteria. Analysis of a clone library from one Danish heating (DH) system showed that the most sequences formed two clusters within the alpha-proteobacteria affiliated to the families Rhizobiaceae and Acetobacteraceae and two clusters within the beta-proteobacteria belonging to the family Comamonadaceae. Functional groups were determined by microautoradiography showing aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (sulphate reducing and methanogenic bacteria). The corrosion study showed that pitting corrosion rates were five to ten times higher than the general corrosion rates, suggesting the presence of biocorrosion. The results indicate that several bacterial groups could be involved in corrosion of DH system piping including sulphate reducing prokaryotes, Acidovorax (within the beta-proteobacteria), methanogenic bacteria and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Kjellerup
- Danish Technological Institute, Centre for Chemistry and Water Technology, Arhus C., Denmark
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Thomsen TR, Nielsen JL, Ramsing NB, Nielsen PH. Micromanipulation and further identification of FISH-labelled microcolonies of a dominant denitrifying bacterium in activated sludge. Environ Microbiol 2004; 6:470-9. [PMID: 15049920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2004.00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The activated sludge process relies on the formation of strong microbial flocs. The knowledge about dominant floc-forming bacteria is at present very limited, especially from a phylogenetic perspective. In this study, numerous microcolonies in the activated sludge flocs were found to be targeted by a Betaproteobacteria-group-specific oligonucleotide probe using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Some of these were micromanipulated and further identified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing to belong to the Aquaspirillum genus in the Neisseriaceae family. A specific oligonucleotide probe, Aqs997, was designed to target the identified bacteria. A survey in nine different wastewater treatment plants with nutrient removal (WWTP) showed a high abundance of bacteria hybridizing to the oligonucleotide probe developed. Microautoradiography (MAR) combined with FISH on activated sludge incubated with radiolabelled substrate showed uptake of substrate with oxygen, nitrate and nitrite as electron acceptor demonstrating a denitrifying potential of the bacteria investigated. The Aquaspirillum-related bacteria seemed to be abundant denitrifiers in WWTPs with nitrogen removal and they were particularly numerous in plants mainly receiving domestic wastewater, where they constituted up to 30% of all bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Thomsen
- Department of Life Sciences, Aalborg University, Sohngaardsholmsvej 57, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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Nielsen PH, Thomsen TR, Nielsen JL. Bacterial composition of activated sludge--importance for floc and sludge properties. Water Sci Technol 2004; 49:51-58. [PMID: 15259937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludge flocs consist of numerous constituents which, together with other factors, are responsible for floc structure and floc properties. These properties largely determine the sludge properties such as flocculation, settling and dewaterability. In this paper we briefly review the present knowledge about the role of bacteria in relation to floc and sludge properties, and we present a new approach to investigate the identity and function of the bacteria in the activated sludge flocs. The approach includes identification of the important bacteria and a characterization of their physiological and functional properties. It is carried out by use of culture-independent molecular biological methods linked with other methods to study the physiology and function, maintaining a single cell resolution. Using this approach it was found that floc-forming properties differed among the various bacterial groups, e.g. that different microcolony-forming bacteria had very different sensitivities to shear and that some of them deflocculated under anaerobic conditions. In our opinion, the approach to combine identity with functional analysis of the dominant bacteria in activated sludge by in situ methods is a very promising way to investigate correlations between presence of specific bacteria, and floc and sludge properties that are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Nielsen
- Aalborg University, Section of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Sohngaardsholmsvej 57, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
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Kjellerup BV, Olesen BH, Nielsen JL, Frølund B, Odum S, Nielsen PH. Monitoring and characterisation of bacteria in corroding district heating systems using fluorescence in situ hybridisation and microautoradiography. Water Sci Technol 2003; 47:117-122. [PMID: 12701915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Presence of biofilm and biocorrosion has been observed in Danish district heating (DH) systems despite very good water quality that was expected to prevent significant microbial growth. The microbiological water quality was investigated in order to identify the dominating bacterial groups on surfaces with corrosion problems. Water samples from 29 DH systems were investigated for the total number of bacteria and presence of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRBs). SRBs were found to be present in more than 80% of the DH systems. The microbial population in samples from 2 DH system (biofilm from a test coupon and an in situ sample from a heat exchanger) was investigated with fluorescence in situ hybridisation, and the results showed significant differences in population composition. Betaproteobacteria was the dominant population in both samples. SRBs were present in both samples but were most numerous in the biofilm from the test coupon. Examination of functional groups based on uptake of radiolabelled acetate (microautoradiography) showed presence of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria despite the fact that oxygen is not anticipated in DH systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Kjellerup
- Department of Environment, Danish Technological Institute, Teknologiparken, DK-8000 Arhus C, Denmark
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45
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Abstract
The trout of northwest Mexico represent an undescribed group of fish considered part of the Oncorhynchus mykiss (Pacific trout) complex of species and subspecies. Recent genetic studies have shown these fish to have important genetic diversity and a unique evolutionary history when compared to coastal rainbow trout. Increased levels of allelic diversity have been found in this species at the southern extent of its range. In this study we describe the trout in the Sierra Madre Occidental from the rios Yaqui, Mayo, Casas Grandes and de Bavispe, and their relationship to the more southern distribution of Mexican golden trout (O. chrysogaster) using 11 microsatellite loci. Microsatellite allelic diversity in Mexican trout was high with a mean of 6.6 alleles/locus, average heterozygosity = 0.35, and a mean Fst = 0.43 for all loci combined. Microsatellite data were congruent with previously published mtDNA results showing unique panmictic population structure in the Rio Yaqui trout that differs from Pacific coastal trout and Mexican golden trout. These data also add support for the theory of headwaters transfer of trout across the Continental Divide from tributaries of the Rio de Bavispe into the Rio Casas Grandes. Rio Mayo trout share a close genetic relationship to trout in Rio Yaqui, but sample sizes from the Rio Mayo prevent significant comparisons in this study. Microsatellite analyses show significant allelic frequency differences between Rio Yaqui trout and O. chrysogaster in Sinaloa and Durango Mexico, adding further support for a unique evolutionary status for this group of northwestern Mexican trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nielsen
- USGS--Biological Resources Division, Alaska Biological Science Center, Anchorage 99503, USA.
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46
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Gulbrandsen N, Wisløff F, Brinch L, Carlson K, Dahl IM, Gimsing P, Hippe E, Hjorth M, Knudsen LM, Lamvik J, Lenhoff S, Løfvenberg E, Nesthus I, Nielsen JL, Turesson I, Westin J. Health-related quality of life in multiple myeloma patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy with autologous blood stem-cell support. Med Oncol 2002; 18:65-77. [PMID: 11778972 DOI: 10.1385/mo:18:1:65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In a population-based study, the Nordic Myeloma Study Group found a survival advantage for high-dose melphalan with autologous blood stem-cell support compared to conventional chemotherapy in myeloma patients under 60 yr of age (risk ratio: 1.62; confidence interval [CI] 1.22-2.15; p = 0.001). A study of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was integrated in the trial, using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Of the 274 patients receiving intensive therapy 221 (81%) were compared to 113 (94%) of 120 patients receiving conventional melphalan-prednisone treatment. Prior to treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in any HRQoL score between the two groups. One month after the start of induction chemotherapy, the patients on intensive treatment had more sleep disturbance than the control patients. At 6 mo, corresponding to a mean of 52 d after high-dose melphalan, the patients on intensive treatment had moderately lower scores for global QoL and role and social functioning and there was also a significantly higher score for appetite loss. At 12 and 24 mo, the HRQoL was similar to that of the control patients. At 36 mo, there was a trend toward less fatigue, pain, nausea, and appetite loss in the intensive-treatment group. Thus, the 18 mo of prolonged survival seem to be associated with a good health-related quality of life. Despite the moderate HRQoL reduction associated with the early intensive chemotherapy phase, this treatment modality must be regarded as an important step forward in the care of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gulbrandsen
- Department of Hematology, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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47
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Nielsen PH, Roslev P, Dueholm TE, Nielsen JL. Microthrix parvicella, a specialized lipid consumer in anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge plants. Water Sci Technol 2002; 46:73-80. [PMID: 12216691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The in situ physiology of the filamentous bacterium Microthrix parvicella was investigated in anaerobic-aerobic dynamic phases in activated sludge with focus on the uptake of long chain fatty acids (LCFA) and growth. When 14C-labeled oleic acid was added to activated sludge with an excessive growth of M. parvicella, only little 14C-CO2 was produced under anaerobic conditions while a lot was produced under aerobic conditions. Microautoradiographic studies revealed that M. parvicella took up oleic acid under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions, while only a few floc formers were able to take it up under anaerobic conditions. Extraction and separation of the radioactive biomass into different lipid fractions showed that the oleic acid was stored mainly as neutral lipids under anaerobic conditions, whereas conversion to membrane phospholipids occurred almost exclusively under aerobic conditions, indicating growth. The surface properties of M. parvicella and other bacteria were characterized by hydrophobic fluorescent microspheres, which showed that M. parvicella was relatively hydrophobic. Furthermore, a surface-associated extracellular lipase activity was observed, indicating the ability of M. parvicella to degrade lipids near the filament surface. The results support the hypothesis that uptake and storage of LCFA as lipids under anaerobic conditions provide an effective competition strategy against bacteria that can only take up LCFA under aerobic conditions. Thus, M. parvicella seems to be a specialized lipid consumer with a physiological potential analogous to PAOs and GAOs being able to take up LCFA (but not short chain fatty acids or glucose) under anaerobic conditions and subsequently use the storage material for growth when nitrate or oxygen are available as electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Denmark.
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48
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Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH. Quantification of functional groups in activated sludge by microautoradiography. Water Sci Technol 2002; 46:389-395. [PMID: 12216655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Different functional groups of bacteria in activated sludge from a Danish municipal wastewater treatment plant were investigated and quantified on the basis of their ability to take up acetate under different electron acceptor conditions. The number of bacteria in the different functional groups was quantified by microautoradiography or by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Uptake of radiolabeled acetate was tested under conditions where oxygen, nitrate, ferric iron, and sulfate served as electron acceptors and under methanogenic conditions. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria were enumerated by applying oligonucleotide probes (FISH). 80% of the total DAPI count hybridised with a mixture of bacterial probes. Most baceria were able to take up acetate with oxygen or nitrate as electron acceptors (74 and 71% of all DAPI-stained bacteria, respectively). The very similar numbers indicate that the alternating aerobic and anoxic conditions in the wastewater treatment plant investigated favoured the presence of facultative aerobic and denitrifying heterotrophic bacteria. The number of bacteria able to take up acetate under anaerobic conditions was around 8% of the total DAPI count. About half of these were able to take up acetate and store it and were thus probably phosphate-accumulating organisms. The remaining 4% of anaerobic acetate-consuming bacteria were mainly iron reducers. By incubating the sludge samples with specific inhibitors against sulfate reduction and methanogenic activity, it was found that sulfate reducers and methanogenic bacteria constituted approximately 1% and less than 0.5% of the total DAPI count, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nielsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Denmark.
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Daims H, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH, Schleifer KH, Wagner M. In situ characterization of Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria active in wastewater treatment plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 2001; 67:5273-84. [PMID: 11679356 PMCID: PMC93301 DOI: 10.1128/aem.67.11.5273-5284.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncultivated Nitrospira-like bacteria in different biofilm and activated-sludge samples were investigated by cultivation-independent molecular approaches. Initially, the phylogenetic affiliation of Nitrospira-like bacteria in a nitrifying biofilm was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Subsequently, a phylogenetic consensus tree of the Nitrospira phylum including all publicly available sequences was constructed. This analysis revealed that the genus Nitrospira consists of at least four distinct sublineages. Based on these data, two 16S rRNA-directed oligonucleotide probes specific for the phylum and genus Nitrospira, respectively, were developed and evaluated for suitability for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The probes were used to investigate the in situ architecture of cell aggregates of Nitrospira-like nitrite oxidizers in wastewater treatment plants by FISH, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and computer-aided three-dimensional visualization. Cavities and a network of cell-free channels inside the Nitrospira microcolonies were detected that were water permeable, as demonstrated by fluorescein staining. The uptake of different carbon sources by Nitrospira-like bacteria within their natural habitat under different incubation conditions was studied by combined FISH and microautoradiography. Under aerobic conditions, the Nitrospira-like bacteria in bioreactor samples took up inorganic carbon (as HCO(3)(-) or as CO(2)) and pyruvate but not acetate, butyrate, and propionate, suggesting that these bacteria can grow mixotrophically in the presence of pyruvate. In contrast, no uptake by the Nitrospira-like bacteria of any of the carbon sources tested was observed under anoxic or anaerobic conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Autoradiography
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/genetics
- Bacteria/growth & development
- Biofilms/growth & development
- Bioreactors
- DNA, Bacterial/analysis
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nitrites/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Probes/genetics
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sewage/microbiology
- Waste Disposal, Fluid
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Affiliation(s)
- H Daims
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising, Germany
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50
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Stentoft J, Pallisgaard N, Kjeldsen E, Holm MS, Nielsen JL, Hokland P. Kinetics of BCR-ABL fusion transcript levels in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with STI571 measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Eur J Haematol 2001; 67:302-8. [PMID: 11872078 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2001.00556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The activated tyrosine kinase, which arises as a result of the balanced t(9,22) translocation in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), is thought to be essential for the development of the leukemic phenotype. Recently, designer drugs have been introduced which specifically inhibit such specific kinases. Among these, STI571 (Glivec) has entered clinical trials and shown promising activities in chronic phase (CP), accelerated phase (AP) and blast crisis (BC) as evidenced by significant hematological and cytogenetic responses in CML patients. To evaluate the effect of STI571 at the molecular level we have employed quantitative real-time PCR (RQ-PCR) to measure the amount of BCR-ABL fusion transcript in a series of 19 patients treated with STI571, either in CP(11) or in (AP)(8) of the disease for 3--9 months (median 6 months). Employing this method, which is able to detect at least one BCR-ABL+ cell in 500,000, in serial blood and bone marrow specimens we found decreases in transcript levels in 10/11 CP patients, but only in 1/8 of the AP patients. When present such decreases were gradual and became evident only after 3 months of STI571 treatment, and their kinetics in blood closely mirrored those seen in parallel marrow samples. Moreover, decreases were between 10- and 100-fold in 11/13 patients, with only two patients reaching residual disease levels below 10(-2) (a 900-fold decrease). Thus, no patient reached PCR negativity. We conclude that the RQ-PCR method is a highly suitable tool for following the effect of STI571 in CML and that further validation of the method, performed in a prospective manner, will contribute significantly to the elucidation of the proper role of STI571 in CML.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Benzamides
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/blood
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stentoft
- Department of Hematology, Arhus University Hospital, Arhus, Denmark
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