1
|
Speight B, Colvin E, Epurescu ED, Drummond J, Verhoef S, Pereira M, Evans DG, Tischkowitz M. Low-level constitutional mosaicism of BRCA1 in two women with young onset ovarian cancer. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2022; 20:32. [PMID: 36068545 PMCID: PMC9446595 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-022-00237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2 cause hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. The vast majority of these variants are inherited from a parent. De novo constitutional pathogenic variants are rare. Even fewer cases of constitutional mosaicism have been reported and these have mostly been described in women with breast cancer. Here we report low-level constitutional mosaicism identified by Next Generation Sequencing in two women with ovarian cancer. A BRCA1 c.5074G > A p.(Asp1692Asn) variant detected in the first female at 42 years, classed as likely pathogenic, was found in ~ 52% of reads in DNA extracted from tumour, ~ 10% of reads in DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and ~ 10% of reads in DNA extracted from buccal mucosa. The second BRCA1 c.2755_2758dupCCTG p.(Val920AlafsTer6) variant was detected in a female aged 53 years, classed as pathogenic, and was found in ~ 59% of reads in DNA extracted from tumour, ~ 14% of reads in DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and similarly in ~ 14% of reads in both DNA extracted from buccal mucosa and urine sample. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of these variants at a corresponding low level consistent with mosaicism that may not have been detected by this method alone. This report demonstrates the clinical benefit for two women of BRCA1/BRCA2 germline NGS testing at a depth that can detect low-level mosaicism. As well as informing appropriate treatments, tumour sequencing results may facilitate the detection and interpretation of low-level mosaic variants in the germline. Both results have implications for other cancer risks and for relatives when providing a family cancer risk assessment and reproductive risk. The implications for laboratory practice, clinical genetics management and genetic counselling for constitutional mosaicism of BRCA1/BRCA2 are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Speight
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 134, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - E Colvin
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - E D Epurescu
- Oncology & Haematology Directorate, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - J Drummond
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 134, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - S Verhoef
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - M Pereira
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - D G Evans
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - M Tischkowitz
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 134, Level 6, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Warburton DW, Feldsine PT, Falbo-Nelson MT, Ackerl J, Adamik D, Aldenrath S, Allain P, Arling V, Beaton L, Bowen B, Brocklehurst F, Catherwood K, Cavadini J, Coignaud C, Cooper A, Coulter R, Davis T, Douey D, Downey W, Drummond J, Durzi S, Dzogan S, Foster R, Fox C, Gibson E, Gour L, Gover G, Gray M, Heidebrecht P, Kerwood J, Krohn G, Kupskay B, LaFreniere D, Massicotte R, McDonagh S, Molleken B, Oggle J, Perlette M, Pugh P, Purvis U, Saint W, Trottier Y, Vinet J, West D, Wheeler B, Zebchuk A. Modified Immunodiffusion Method for Detection of Salmonella in Raw Flesh and Highly Contaminated Foods: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/78.1.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A total of 19 government and private industry laboratories in Canada and the United States participated in the collaborative study. Naturally contaminated ground poultry and animal meals, as well as inoculated raw shrimp, were examined for presence of Salmonella by both the modified immunodiffusion method and the Bacteriological Analytical Manual culture method, resulting in an agreement rate of 93.1%. The 2 methods are statistically equivalent for all food types at each inoculation level and for all lots of naturally contaminated foods evaluated in this study. The modification of the AOAC Official Method 989.13, immunodiffusion (1–2 TEST) method for detection of motile Salmonella in all foods, has been adopted revised first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald W Warburton
- Health Canada, Health Protection Branch, Food Directorate, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Evaluation Division, Sir Frederick G. Banting Research Center, Ottawa, ON, K1A OL2, Canada
| | - Philip T Feldsine
- BioControl Systems, Inc., 19805 North Creek Parkway, Bothell, WA 98011
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tarquinio DC, Hou W, Neul JL, Berkmen GK, Drummond J, Aronoff E, Harris J, Lane JB, Kaufmann WE, Motil KJ, Glaze DG, Skinner SA, Percy AK. The course of awake breathing disturbances across the lifespan in Rett syndrome. Brain Dev 2018; 40:515-529. [PMID: 29657083 PMCID: PMC6026556 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT), an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in MECP2, is associated with a peculiar breathing disturbance exclusively during wakefulness that is distressing, and can even prompt emergency resuscitation. Through the RTT Natural History Study, we characterized cross sectional and longitudinal characteristics of awake breathing abnormalities in RTT and identified associated clinical features. Participants were recruited from 2006 to 2015, and cumulative lifetime prevalence of breathing dysfunction was determined using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Risk factors were assessed using logistic regression. Of 1205 participants, 1185 had sufficient data for analysis, including 922 females with classic RTT, 778 of whom were followed longitudinally for up to 9.0 years, for a total of 3944 person-years. Participants with classic or atypical severe RTT were more likely to have breathing dysfunction (nearly 100% over the lifespan) compared to those with atypical mild RTT (60-70%). Remission was common, lasting 1 year on average, with 15% ending the study in terminal remission. Factors associated with higher odds of severe breathing dysfunction included poor gross and fine motor function, frequency of stereotypical hand movements, seizure frequency, prolonged corrected QT interval on EKG, and two quality of life metrics: caregiver concern about physical health and contracting illness. Factors associated with lower prevalence of severe breathing dysfunction included higher body mass index and head circumference Z-scores, advanced age, and severe scoliosis or contractures. Awake breathing dysfunction is common in RTT, more so than seizures, and is associated with function, quality of life and risk for cardiac dysrhythmia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Tarquinio
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Center for Rare Neurological Diseases, Norcross, GA
| | - Wei Hou
- Statistical analysis, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY
| | | | - Gamze Kilic Berkmen
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Center for Rare Neurological Diseases, Norcross, GA
| | - Jana Drummond
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Center for Rare Neurological Diseases, Norcross, GA
| | - Elizabeth Aronoff
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Center for Rare Neurological Diseases, Norcross, GA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schon K, Rytina E, Drummond J, Simmonds J, Abbs S, Sandford R, Tischkowitz M. Evaluation of universal immunohistochemical screening of sebaceous neoplasms in a service setting. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 43:410-415. [PMID: 29333623 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a subtype of Lynch syndrome, which encompasses the combination of sebaceous skin tumours or keratoacanthomas and internal malignancy, due to mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes. Sebaceous neoplasms (SNs) may occur before other malignancies, and may lead to the diagnosis, which allows testing of other family members, cancer surveillance, risk-reducing surgery or prevention therapies. AIM To evaluate the efficacy of universal immunohistochemistry (IHC) screening of SNs in a service setting. METHODS Patients with SNs were ascertained by a regional clinical pathology service over a 3-year period. Results of tumour IHC, clinical genetics notes and germline genetic testing were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS In total, 62 patients presented with 71 SNs; 9 (15%) of these patients had previously diagnosed MTS. Tumour IHC was performed for 50 of the 53 remaining patients (94%); 26 (52%) had loss of staining of one or more mismatch repair proteins. Fifteen patients were referred to the Clinical Genetics department, and 10 patients underwent germline genetic testing. Two had a new diagnosis of MTS confirmed, with heterozygous pathogenic mutations detected in the MSH2 and PMS2 genes (diagnostic yield 20%). The PMS2 mutation was identified in a 57-year-old woman with a sebaceous adenoma and history of endometrial cancer; to our knowledge, this is the first time a PMS2 mutation has been reported in MTS. CONCLUSIONS Universal IHC screening of SNs is an effective method to identify cases for further genetic evaluation. Rates of referral to clinical genetics were only moderate (58%). Increased awareness of MTS could help improve the rate of onward referral.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Schon
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Rytina
- Histopathology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Drummond
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Simmonds
- Yorkshire Regional Genetics Laboratories, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - S Abbs
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Sandford
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Histopathology Department, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Yorkshire Regional Genetics Laboratories, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Tischkowitz
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.,Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baker EH, Drummond J, Stefanidis D, Iannitti DA, Naumann RW. Use of a Novel, Cordless Ultrasonic Dissector for Gynecologic Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2016; 22:S43-S44. [PMID: 27679240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2015.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E H Baker
- General Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - J Drummond
- General Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - D Stefanidis
- General Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - D A Iannitti
- General Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - R W Naumann
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gould A, Udalski A, Shin IG, Porritt I, Skowron J, Han C, Yee JC, Kozłowski S, Choi JY, Poleski R, Wyrzykowski Ł, Ulaczyk K, Pietrukowicz P, Mróz P, Szymański MK, Kubiak M, Soszyński I, Pietrzyński G, Gaudi BS, Christie GW, Drummond J, McCormick J, Natusch T, Ngan H, Tan TG, Albrow M, DePoy DL, Hwang KH, Jung YK, Lee CU, Park H, Pogge RW, Abe F, Bennett DP, Bond IA, Botzler CS, Freeman M, Fukui A, Fukunaga D, Itow Y, Koshimoto N, Larsen P, Ling CH, Masuda K, Matsubara Y, Muraki Y, Namba S, Ohnishi K, Philpott L, Rattenbury NJ, Saito T, Sullivan DJ, Sumi T, Suzuki D, Tristram PJ, Tsurumi N, Wada K, Yamai N, Yock PCM, Yonehara A, Shvartzvald Y, Maoz D, Kaspi S, Friedmann M. Exoplanet detection. A terrestrial planet in a ~1-AU orbit around one member of a ~15-AU binary. Science 2014; 345:46-9. [PMID: 24994642 DOI: 10.1126/science.1251527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Using gravitational microlensing, we detected a cold terrestrial planet orbiting one member of a binary star system. The planet has low mass (twice Earth's) and lies projected at ~0.8 astronomical units (AU) from its host star, about the distance between Earth and the Sun. However, the planet's temperature is much lower, <60 Kelvin, because the host star is only 0.10 to 0.15 solar masses and therefore more than 400 times less luminous than the Sun. The host itself orbits a slightly more massive companion with projected separation of 10 to 15 AU. This detection is consistent with such systems being very common. Straightforward modification of current microlensing search strategies could increase sensitivity to planets in binary systems. With more detections, such binary-star planetary systems could constrain models of planet formation and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gould
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - A Udalski
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - I-G Shin
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - I Porritt
- Turitea Observatory, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Skowron
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - C Han
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 371-763, Republic of Korea.
| | - J C Yee
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - S Kozłowski
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - J-Y Choi
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - R Poleski
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ł Wyrzykowski
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
| | - K Ulaczyk
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - P Pietrukowicz
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - P Mróz
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - M K Szymański
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - M Kubiak
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - I Soszyński
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - G Pietrzyński
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Universidad de Concepción, Departamento de Astronomia, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - B S Gaudi
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - J Drummond
- Possum Observatory, Patutahi, New Zealand
| | - J McCormick
- Farm Cove Observatory, Centre for Backyard Astrophysics, Pakuranga, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T Natusch
- Possum Observatory, Patutahi, New Zealand. Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - H Ngan
- Possum Observatory, Patutahi, New Zealand
| | - T-G Tan
- Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope, Perth, Australia
| | - M Albrow
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - D L DePoy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA
| | - K-H Hwang
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 371-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Jung
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 371-763, Republic of Korea
| | - C-U Lee
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 305-348, Republic of Korea
| | - H Park
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 371-763, Republic of Korea
| | - R W Pogge
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - F Abe
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - D P Bennett
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
| | - I A Bond
- Institute of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102-904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C S Botzler
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland 1001, New Zealand
| | - M Freeman
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland 1001, New Zealand
| | - A Fukui
- Okayama Astrophysical Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Asakuchi, Okayama 719-0232, Japan
| | - D Fukunaga
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Y Itow
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - N Koshimoto
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - P Larsen
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland 1001, New Zealand. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
| | - C H Ling
- Institute of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102-904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - K Masuda
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Y Matsubara
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Y Muraki
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - S Namba
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - K Ohnishi
- Nagano National College of Technology, Nagano 381-8550, Japan
| | - L Philpott
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - N J Rattenbury
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland 1001, New Zealand
| | - To Saito
- Tokyo Metropolitan College of Aeronautics, Tokyo 116-8523, Japan
| | - D J Sullivan
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - T Sumi
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - D Suzuki
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - P J Tristram
- Mount John University Observatory, Post Office Box 56, Lake Tekapo 8770, New Zealand
| | - N Tsurumi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - K Wada
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - N Yamai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - P C M Yock
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland 1001, New Zealand
| | - A Yonehara
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Y Shvartzvald
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D Maoz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S Kaspi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - M Friedmann
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang L, Swierczek SI, Lanikova L, Kim SJ, Hickman K, Walker K, Wang K, Drummond J, Doddapaneni H, Reid JG, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Wheeler DA, Prchal JT. The relationship of JAK2(V617F) and acquired UPD at chromosome 9p in polycythemia vera. Leukemia 2014; 28:938-41. [PMID: 24463469 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - S I Swierczek
- Division of Hematology, The University of Utah School of Medicine Pathology/ARUP, and VAH, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - L Lanikova
- Division of Hematology, The University of Utah School of Medicine Pathology/ARUP, and VAH, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - S J Kim
- Division of Hematology, The University of Utah School of Medicine Pathology/ARUP, and VAH, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - K Hickman
- Division of Hematology, The University of Utah School of Medicine Pathology/ARUP, and VAH, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - K Walker
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - K Wang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - J Drummond
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - H Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J G Reid
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - R A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D A Wheeler
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J T Prchal
- Division of Hematology, The University of Utah School of Medicine Pathology/ARUP, and VAH, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang L, Swierczek SI, Drummond J, Hickman K, Kim SJ, Walker K, Doddapaneni H, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Wheeler DA, Prchal JT. Whole-exome sequencing of polycythemia vera revealed novel driver genes and somatic mutation shared by T cells and granulocytes. Leukemia 2014; 28:935-8. [PMID: 24413320 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - S I Swierczek
- Division of Hematology, The University of Utah School of Medicine and VAH, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - J Drummond
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - K Hickman
- Division of Hematology, The University of Utah School of Medicine and VAH, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - S J Kim
- Division of Hematology, The University of Utah School of Medicine and VAH, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - K Walker
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - H Doddapaneni
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - R A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D A Wheeler
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - J T Prchal
- Division of Hematology, The University of Utah School of Medicine and VAH, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
This article outlines the subjects presented and discussed at the December 2012 IADR Dental Materials Innovation Workshop held at King’s College London. Incorporating new materials and techniques into clinical practice was considered from 4 perspectives: (1) Accelerating the “research to regulatory approval” process was presented with current developments in the United States, with the National Institutes of Health/Food and Drug Administration process as a working example; (2) intellectual property and regulatory requirements were discussed across the well-established US and EU frameworks, as well as the more recently developed procedures across Brazil, Russia, India, and China; (3) the challenges and opportunities of incorporating innovations into dental education were considered with reference to the future needs of both students and faculty; and (4) the key but difficult and unpredictable step of translating such innovations into routine dental practice was then explored. Constructive and far-ranging discussion among the broadly based Workshop participants (from dental research, education, practice, and industry, as well as environmental organizations and the World Health Organization) mapped out key issues for the future. The focus was on facilitating the more timely adoption of improvements in both materials and techniques to improve patient health and health systems, while minimizing environmental impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N.B. Pitts
- Dental Innovation and Translation Centre (ITC), King’s College London Dental Institute, Floor 18, Tower Wing, Guy’s Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | | | | | - S. Johnston
- FDI World Dental Federation and British Dental Association, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chambers AR, Drummond J. MEASUREMENT OF PHYSICAL MODIFICATION OF DISTILLERY MALTS BY THE SCLEROMETER. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1963.tb06350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Eid T, Lee TSW, Wang Y, Perez E, Peréz E, Drummond J, Lauritzen F, Bergersen LH, Meador-Woodruff JH, Spencer DD, de Lanerolle NC, McCullumsmith RE. Gene expression of glutamate metabolizing enzymes in the hippocampal formation in human temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2013; 54:228-38. [PMID: 23384343 PMCID: PMC3578420 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased interictal concentrations of extracellular hippocampal glutamate have been implicated in the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Recent studies suggest that perturbations of the glutamate metabolizing enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS) and phosphate activated glutaminase (PAG) may underlie the glutamate excess in TLE. However, the molecular mechanism of the enzyme perturbations remains unclear. A better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of GS and PAG could facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutics for TLE. METHODS We used in situ hybridization on histologic sections to assess the distribution and quantity of messenger RNA (mRNA) for GS and PAG in subfields of hippocampal formations from the following: (1) patients with TLE and concomitant hippocampal sclerosis, (2) patients with TLE and no hippocampal sclerosis, and (3) nonepilepsy autopsy subjects. KEY FINDINGS GS mRNA was increased by ~50% in the CA3 in TLE patients without hippocampal sclerosis versus in TLE patients with sclerosis and in nonepilepsy subjects. PAG mRNA was increased by >100% in the subiculum in both TLE patient categories versus in nonepilepsy subjects. PAG mRNA was also increased in the CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate hilus in TLE without hippocampal sclerosis versus in TLE with sclerosis. Finally, PAG mRNA was increased in the dentate gyrus in TLE with sclerosis versus in nonepilepsy subjects, and also increased in the hilus in TLE without sclerosis versus in TLE with sclerosis. SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrate complex changes in the expression of mRNAs for GS and PAG in the hippocampal formation in TLE, and raise the possibility that both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms may underlie the regulation of GS and PAG proteins in the epileptic brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tore Eid
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine Psychiatry Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8035, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Delon I, Taylor A, Molenda A, Drummond J, Oakhill K, Girling A, Liu H, Whittaker J, Treacy R, Tischkowitz M. A germline mosaic BRCA1 exon deletion in a woman with bilateral basal-like breast cancer. Clin Genet 2012; 84:297-9. [PMID: 23216102 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Drumm BR, Bourke B, Drummond J, McNicholas F, Quinn S, Broderick A, Taaffe S, Twomey J, Rowland M. Cyclical vomiting syndrome in children: a prospective study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:922-7. [PMID: 22762244 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01960.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder that affects all ages and is characterized by episodes of severe nausea and vomiting with symptom-free intervals between episodes. The incidence in children is 3.15/100 000 children per year. Our objective was to evaluate the natural history of CVS and examine factors that predict symptom resolution. METHODS Thirty newly diagnosed children (mean 9.15 years, SD 3.31 range 3.5-15.7) were enrolled. All children had a follow-up interview at 3 months, 27/30 at 6 months, and 22/30 at 9 months. KEY RESULTS Following diagnosis of CVS, only 5/22(22.7%) children had no further episodes of vomiting at 9 months, whereas 17/22 (77.3%) continued to vomit. In the year prior to diagnosis, 15/30 (50%) children were admitted to hospital. Of the 22 children with follow-up for 9 months, only one child required hospital admission. Children who continued to vomit had higher internalizing scores on CBCL compared with those who stopped vomiting (P = NS). The Pediatric Quality-of-Life Score suggested those who continued to vomit had a poorer quality of life at diagnosis compared with those who stopped vomiting (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Making a positive diagnosis of CVS and providing families with information is very important in the management of CVS. Although 75% of children reported regular episodes of vomiting 9 months after diagnosis, there was a significant reduction in the frequency and severity of symptoms in addition to a marked reduction in the use of medical services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B R Drumm
- UCD School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Sixteen mixed age Angora does were synchronised by progesterone injections and superovulated with either PMSG or FSH in 1982 and six synchronised Angora and seven Saanens were superovulated with FSH in 1983. All donors entire mated and were subjected to egg recovery by a uterine flush conducted during surgery about five days after oestrus. The mean ovulation rate and number of transferable embryos recovered from Angoras treated with PMSG in 1982 was 9.1 and 5.1, respectively, and for FSH treated donors was 15.1 and 11.0. Results for Angoras treated in 1983 were 5.3 and 5.0 and for Saanens were 29.3 and 25.3. Each year recipient feral and Angora does were synchronised, and 329 embryos were transferred surgically to 151 recipients. One hundred and sixteen (77%) of the recipients kidded producing 191 kids (58% embryo survival). Well fed Angora and Saanen donors superovulated with FSH produced 8 and 17 offspring, respectively, in the year of surgery. This rate of reproduction is about 8 times faster than normal and about double that achieved when donors are superovulateb with PMSG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H R Tervit
- Ruakura Animal Research Station, Private Bag, Hamilton
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Caruso JF, Ramey E, Hastings LP, Monda JK, Coday MA, McLagan J, Drummond J. Anthropometry as a predictor of high speed performance. Int J Sports Med 2009; 30:522-5. [PMID: 19484698 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To assess anthropometry as a predictor of high-speed performance, subjects performed four seated knee- and hip-extension workouts with their left leg on an inertial exercise trainer (Impulse Technologies, Newnan GA). Workouts, done exclusively in either the tonic or phasic contractile mode, entailed two one-minute sets separated by a 90-second rest period and yielded three performance variables: peak force, average force and work. Subjects provided the following anthropometric data: height, weight, body mass index, as well as total, upper and lower left leg lengths. Via multiple regression, anthropometry attempted to predict the variance per performance variable. Anthropometry explained a modest (R2=0.27-0.43) yet significant degree of variance from inertial exercise trainer workouts. Anthropometry was a better predictor of peak force variance from phasic workouts, while it accounted for a significant degree of average force and work variance solely from tonic workouts. Future research should identify variables that account for the unexplained variance from high-speed exercise performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Caruso
- Department of Exercise & Sport Sciences Program, University of Tulsa, 600 S. College Avenue, Tulsa, OK 74104, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Robinson I, Oh E, Drummond J, Sharma A. A novel function for syndapin at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
18
|
Meech KJ, Ageorges N, A'Hearn MF, Arpigny C, Ates A, Aycock J, Bagnulo S, Bailey J, Barber R, Barrera L, Barrena R, Bauer JM, Belton MJS, Bensch F, Bhattacharya B, Biver N, Blake G, Bockelée-Morvan D, Boehnhardt H, Bonev BP, Bonev T, Buie MW, Burton MG, Butner HM, Cabanac R, Campbell R, Campins H, Capria MT, Carroll T, Chaffee F, Charnley SB, Cleis R, Coates A, Cochran A, Colom P, Conrad A, Coulson IM, Crovisier J, deBuizer J, Dekany R, de Léon J, Dello Russo N, Delsanti A, DiSanti M, Drummond J, Dundon L, Etzel PB, Farnham TL, Feldman P, Fernández YR, Filipovic MD, Fisher S, Fitzsimmons A, Fong D, Fugate R, Fujiwara H, Fujiyoshi T, Furusho R, Fuse T, Gibb E, Groussin O, Gulkis S, Gurwell M, Hadamcik E, Hainaut O, Harker D, Harrington D, Harwit M, Hasegawa S, Hergenrother CW, Hirst P, Hodapp K, Honda M, Howell ES, Hutsemékers D, Iono D, Ip WH, Jackson W, Jehin E, Jiang ZJ, Jones GH, Jones PA, Kadono T, Kamath UW, Käufl HU, Kasuga T, Kawakita H, Kelley MS, Kerber F, Kidger M, Kinoshita D, Knight M, Lara L, Larson SM, Lederer S, Lee CF, Levasseur-Regourd AC, Li JY, Li QS, Licandro J, Lin ZY, Lisse CM, LoCurto G, Lovell AJ, Lowry SC, Lyke J, Lynch D, Ma J, Magee-Sauer K, Maheswar G, Manfroid J, Marco O, Martin P, Melnick G, Miller S, Miyata T, Moriarty-Schieven GH, Moskovitz N, Mueller BEA, Mumma MJ, Muneer S, Neufeld DA, Ootsubo T, Osip D, Pandea SK, Pantin E, Paterno-Mahler R, Patten B, Penprase BE, Peck A, Petitas G, Pinilla-Alonso N, Pittichova J, Pompei E, Prabhu TP, Qi C, Rao R, Rauer H, Reitsema H, Rodgers SD, Rodriguez P, Ruane R, Ruch G, Rujopakarn W, Sahu DK, Sako S, Sakon I, Samarasinha N, Sarkissian JM, Saviane I, Schirmer M, Schultz P, Schulz R, Seitzer P, Sekiguchi T, Selman F, Serra-Ricart M, Sharp R, Snell RL, Snodgrass C, Stallard T, Stecklein G, Sterken C, Stüwe JA, Sugita S, Sumner M, Suntzeff N, Swaters R, Takakuwa S, Takato N, Thomas-Osip J, Thompson E, Tokunaga AT, Tozzi GP, Tran H, Troy M, Trujillo C, Van Cleve J, Vasundhara R, Vazquez R, Vilas F, Villanueva G, von Braun K, Vora P, Wainscoat RJ, Walsh K, Watanabe J, Weaver HA, Weaver W, Weiler M, Weissman PR, Welsh WF, Wilner D, Wolk S, Womack M, Wooden D, Woodney LM, Woodward C, Wu ZY, Wu JH, Yamashita T, Yang B, Yang YB, Yokogawa S, Zook AC, Zauderer A, Zhao X, Zhou X, Zucconi JM. Deep Impact: observations from a worldwide Earth-based campaign. Science 2005; 310:265-9. [PMID: 16150977 DOI: 10.1126/science.1118978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
On 4 July 2005, many observatories around the world and in space observed the collision of Deep Impact with comet 9P/Tempel 1 or its aftermath. This was an unprecedented coordinated observational campaign. These data show that (i) there was new material after impact that was compositionally different from that seen before impact; (ii) the ratio of dust mass to gas mass in the ejecta was much larger than before impact; (iii) the new activity did not last more than a few days, and by 9 July the comet's behavior was indistinguishable from its pre-impact behavior; and (iv) there were interesting transient phenomena that may be correlated with cratering physics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K J Meech
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Emmons LK, Deeter MN, Gille JC, Edwards DP, Attié JL, Warner J, Ziskin D, Francis G, Khattatov B, Yudin V, Lamarque JF, Ho SP, Mao D, Chen JS, Drummond J, Novelli P, Sachse G, Coffey MT, Hannigan JW, Gerbig C, Kawakami S, Kondo Y, Takegawa N, Schlager H, Baehr J, Ziereis H. Validation of Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) CO retrievals with aircraft in situ profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. K. Emmons
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - M. N. Deeter
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. C. Gille
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. P. Edwards
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - J. Warner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. Ziskin
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Francis
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - B. Khattatov
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - V. Yudin
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J.-F. Lamarque
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S.-P. Ho
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - D. Mao
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. S. Chen
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - P. Novelli
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. Sachse
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - M. T. Coffey
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. W. Hannigan
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. Gerbig
- Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - S. Kawakami
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - H. Schlager
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Germany
| | - J. Baehr
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Germany
| | - H. Ziereis
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
In 1996 the Capital Heath Region in Edmonton, Alberta integrated a primary health care component into Head Start programs. One aspect of the primary health care component (PHC-HS) was a series of education sessions aimed at strengthening parents' capacities to enhance their children's health. To make the education sessions relevant, 10 focus groups with 65 parents of children who attended Head Start were conducted prior to the sessions. Findings indicated that participants' ability to enhance their children's health and manage their children's illnesses was limited as much by low incomes, inadequate health care coverage, and lack of transportation as it was by a lack of knowledge. Results provide evidence that health education sessions alone are not adequate to significantly enhance low-income parents' capacities to promote their children's health. Efforts to strengthen the abilities of low-income individuals and families to promote their health will be most effective if health education is accompanied by policy advocacy and social action strategies that challenge the socioeconomic and political conditions that negatively affect health. Public health nursing's commitment to social justice, as well as findings about the limitations that low incomes, inadequate health care benefits, and lack of transportation placed on participants' ability to enhance their children's health, underscore the need for public health nurses (PHNs) to address structural conditions contributing to health inequities. As such, an overview of literature that details strategies and theoretical models for challenging socioeconomic and political conditions which restrict the ability of low-income individuals and families to enhance their health is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L Williamson
- Department of Human Ecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Drummond J, McKay G. Biting off more than you can chew: a forensic case report. Br Dent J 1999. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4800307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
22
|
Strickler HD, Kirk GD, Figueroa JP, Ward E, Braithwaite AR, Escoffery C, Drummond J, Goebel B, Waters D, McClimens R, Manns A. HPV 16 antibody prevalence in Jamaica and the United States reflects differences in cervical cancer rates. Int J Cancer 1999; 80:339-44. [PMID: 9935171 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990129)80:3<339::aid-ijc1>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is widely accepted as the primary etiologic agent in the development of cervical cancer. DNA of a particular HPV type, HPV 16, is found in about half of tumors tested. Inconsistent with this causal relationship, however, population-based studies of HPV DNA prevalence have often failed to find high rates of anogenital HPV infection in countries with high cervical cancer rates. To examine this issue, we used serology to compare HPV 16 exposure in healthy volunteer blood donors in the United States (n = 278) and similar subjects from a country with 3-fold higher cervical cancer rates, Jamaica (n = 257). Jamaican sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients (n = 831) were also studied to examine in detail the relation of HPV 16 antibodies with sexual history. Serology was conducted using an ELISA employing HPV 16 virus-like particles (VLPs). Age-adjusted seroprevalence rates were greatest among male (29%) and female (42%) STD patients, intermediate in male (19%) and female (24%) Jamaican blood donors and lowest among male (3%) and female (12%) U.S. blood donors. The higher seroprevalence in women was significant, and prevalence tended to increase with age. In multivariate logistic regression, controlling for age and gender, Jamaican blood donors were 4.2-fold (95% CI 2.4-7.2) and STD patients 8.1-fold (95% CI 5.0-13.2) more likely to have HPV 16 VLP antibodies than U.S. blood donors. Among STD patients, HPV 16 antibodies were associated with lifetime number of sex partners and years of sexual activity, as well as other factors. Our data suggest that HPV 16 VLP antibodies are strongly associated with sexual behavior. Moreover, exposure to HPV 16 appears to be much greater in Jamaica than in the United States, consistent with the high rate of cervical cancer in Jamaica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H D Strickler
- Viral Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Drummond J. Some challenges to be faced when building capacity. Clin Nurs Res 1998; 7:331-4. [PMID: 9919091 DOI: 10.1177/105477389800700401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
24
|
Veigl ML, Kasturi L, Olechnowicz J, Ma AH, Lutterbaugh JD, Periyasamy S, Li GM, Drummond J, Modrich PL, Sedwick WD, Markowitz SD. Biallelic inactivation of hMLH1 by epigenetic gene silencing, a novel mechanism causing human MSI cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:8698-702. [PMID: 9671741 PMCID: PMC21139 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.15.8698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/1998] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of DNA mismatch repair genes, including the hMLH1 gene, have been linked to human colon and other cancers in which defective DNA repair is evidenced by the associated instability of DNA microsatellite sequences (MSI). Germ-line hMLH1 mutations are causally associated with inherited MSI colon cancer, and somatic mutations are causally associated with sporadic MSI colon cancer. Previously however, we demonstrated that in many sporadic MSI colon cancers hMLH1 and all other DNA mismatch repair genes are wild type. To investigate this class of tumors further, we examined a group of MSI cancer cell lines, most of which were documented as established from antecedent MSI-positive malignant tumors. In five of six such cases we found that hMLH1 protein was absent, even though hMLH1-coding sequences were wild type. In each such case, absence of hMLH1 protein was associated with the methylation of the hMLH1 gene promoter. Furthermore, in each case, treatment with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine induced expression of the absent hMLH1 protein. Moreover, in single cell clones, hMLH1 expression could be turned on, off, and on again by 5-azacytidine exposure, washout, and reexposure. This epigenetic inactivation of hMLH1 additionally accounted for the silencing of both maternal and paternal tumor hMLH1 alleles, both of which could be reactivated by 5-azacytidine. In summary, substantial numbers of human MSI cancers appear to arise by hMLH1 silencing via an epigenetic mechanism that can inactivate both of the hMLH1 alleles. Promoter methylation is intimately associated with this epigenetic silencing mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Veigl
- Ireland Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
The clinical features and cytogenetic results of an 18 year old mentally handicapped female found to be a mosaic for a tandem duplication of chromosome 1 (46,XX,dup(1)(q12q22)/46,XX) are reported. The case is compared with the three previously described cases and possible mechanisms for the origin of the duplication are discussed. This patient was not found to have features of Proteus syndrome which was previously reported in a subject mosaic for a tandem duplication involving chromosome (1)(q11q25).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D de Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
This study examined the reliability and validity of the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (CBSEI) (Lowe 1993) in a sample of 100 Australian women. Consistent with US data, the measure was shown to have high internal consistency. Validity of the instrument was determined by applying self-efficacy theory (Bandura 1982), which predicts that parity should have the largest effect on childbirth self-efficacy, followed by knowledge, then support and finally anxiety. Results revealed that having prior good birth experience and knowledge about childbirth had significant effects on childbirth self-efficacy. A factor analysis was performed to determine whether the original factor structure of this instrument held for Australian women. While outcome expectancies and self-efficacy expectancies emerged as distinct factors, the results showed that Australian women did not differentiate between active and second-stage labour. Rather than the two stages of labour emerging as dimensions of the CBSEI, two externally focused coping strategies were revealed.
Collapse
|
27
|
Strickler HD, Hildesheim A, Viscidi RP, Shah KV, Goebel B, Drummond J, Waters D, Sun Y, Hubbert NL, Wacholder S, Brinton LA, Han CL, Nasca PC, McClimens R, Turk K, Devairakkam V, Leitman S, Martin C, Schiller JT. Interlaboratory agreement among results of human papillomavirus type 16 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:1751-6. [PMID: 9196186 PMCID: PMC229834 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.7.1751-1756.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological assays for measuring antibodies to human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) virus-like particles (VLPs) have become important epidemiologic tools in recent years. However, the interlaboratory replicability of these assays has not been assessed. In this investigation, three laboratories tested a panel of specimens obtained from two different groups: 265 subjects in a vulvar cancer case-control study and 107 healthy volunteer blood donors. Each laboratory used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but no attempt was made to standardize assay procedures among the three laboratories. The data showed good day-to-day intralaboratory replicability in laboratory 1 (correlation coefficient, > or = 0.88) and good intra-assay variability in laboratory 3 (correlation coefficient, > or = 0.93). Interlaboratory correlations, likewise, ranged between 0.61 and 0.80 in both case-control study subjects and healthy blood donors, indicating that ELISA optical density (OD) values between laboratories were linearly related regardless of the population. Kappa coefficients (kappa), based on each laboratory's categorical interpretation of its results (as positive or negative), showed good agreement (kappa, > 0.6) in case-control study subjects and moderate agreement (kappa, > or = 0.4) in blood donors, a population that had few strongly positive sera. When OD values near seropositive cutoffs were treated as indeterminates, there was little discordance between laboratories in either population. The data suggest that each laboratory measured the same humoral immune response and that their HPV-16 VLP ELISAs performed similarly (Pearson correlations). Interlaboratory differences, however, probably due to reagents and procedures, were considerably greater than intralaboratory day-to-day variability. Interlaboratory agreement in determining seropositivity (kappa) could be improved by sharing positive and negative serum controls and by treating marginal results as indeterminate. As part of continuing cooperation to improve interlaboratory agreement, we are preparing bulk serum control specimens to be shared and made available to interested researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H D Strickler
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Matson CL, Fox M, Hege EK, Hluck L, Drummond J, Harvey D. Deep-space satellite-image reconstructions from field data by use of speckle imaging techniques: images and functional assessment. Appl Opt 1997; 36:3120-3126. [PMID: 18253318 DOI: 10.1364/ao.36.003120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Speckle imaging techniques have been shown to mitigate atmospheric-resolution limits, allowing near-diffraction-limited images to be reconstructed. Few images of extended objects reconstructed by use of these techniques have been published, and most of these results are for relatively bright objects. We present image reconstructions of an orbiting Molniya 3 spacecraft from data collected by use of a 2.3-m ground-based telescope. The apparent brightness of the satellite was 15th visual magnitude. Power-spectrum and bispectrum speckle imaging techniques are used prior to image reconstruction to ameliorate atmospheric blurring. We discuss how these images, although poorly resolved, can be used to provide information on the satellite's functional status. It is shown that our previously published optimal algorithms produce a higher-quality image than do conventional speckle imaging methods.
Collapse
|
29
|
Neequaye AR, Neequaye JE, Biggar RJ, Mingle JA, Drummond J, Waters D. HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Ghana, west Africa: community surveys compared to surveys of pregnant women. West Afr J Med 1997; 16:102-8. [PMID: 9257546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a population-based serosurvey of HIV-1/2 in 2,410 residents of two urban and two rural areas of southern Ghana, West Africa and compared the results to serosurveys of 1,417 pregnant women. Using conservative criteria, we found the prevalence of HIV-1/2 in community survey adults (> 15 years old) to be 1.5% in women and 1.0% in men. Among pregnant women, the prevalence was 9.3% in one rural area but only 1.0% in other areas. Many samples, especially among the pregnant women were HIV-1 and -2 dual reactive on serology. We attribute the disparity between prevalence in the community survey participants and pregnant women to local socio-economic factors. Women in this area have a tradition of working throughout West Africa as trader/ commercial sex workers. When pregnant or ill, they return to their home villages to be with their families. HIV surveillance programs which rely on pregnant women need to be sure that sampled populations are truly typical of the communities they are intended to represent.
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
How families appraise difficult situations contributes to later adaptive functioning. We have observed in both research and practice that when appraising their infants' crying, mothers often compared their own infants' crying to actual or supposed much worse infants. They typically appraised their infants to be crying less than average infants. This phenomenon, defined in the social psychology literature, is called downward comparison. Secondary analysis of an established data set was used to assess the extent of downward comparison and the identification of excessive crying among a sample of 193 primiparous mothers. Mothers appraised their own infants' crying to be less than that of the expected average infant. Mothers who identified their infants as excessive criers made less robust downward comparisons than did mothers who did not identify their infants as excessive criers. Nursing interventions that focus on supporting mothers' positive appraisal and promoting knowledge of infant behaviors, particularly infant crying, are proposed.
Collapse
|
31
|
Iaccarino I, Palombo F, Drummond J, Totty NF, Hsuan JJ, Modrich P, Jiricny J. MSH6, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein that binds to mismatches as a heterodimer with MSH2. Curr Biol 1996; 6:484-6. [PMID: 8723353 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(02)00516-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The process of post-replicative DNA-mismatch repair seems to be highly evolutionarily conserved. In Escherichia coli, DNA mismatches are recognized by the MutS protein. Homologues of the E. coli mutS and mutL mismatch-repair genes have been identified in other prokaryotes, as well as in yeast and mammals. Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH2 (MSH for MutS homologue) and human hMSH2 proteins have been shown to bind to mismatch-containing DNA in vitro. However, the physiological role of hMSH2 is unclear, as shown by the recent finding that the mismatch-binding factor hMutS alpha isolated from extracts of human cells is a heterodimer of hMSH2 and another member of the MSH family, GTBP. It has been reported that S. cerevisiae possesses a mismatch-binding activity, which most probably contains MSH2. We show here that, as in human cells, the S. cerevisiae binding factor is composed of MSH2 and a new functional MutS homologue, MSH6, identified by its homology to GTBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Iaccarino
- Istituto de Richerche di Biologia Molecolare P. Angeletti, Pomezia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
The effect in vitro of gastrin-17 and gastrin-34 was studied at concentrations from 10(-12) to 10(-6) M on several functions of resting peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice: adherence to substrate, mobility (spontaneous and directed by chemical gradient or chemotaxis), and ingestion of inert particles (latex beads) or cells (Candida albicans). Both gastrins, at concentrations from 10(-10) to 10(-8) M, inhibited significantly all functions studied with the exception of adherence, which was increased. A dose-response relationship was observed, with a maximum inhibition of macrophage functions found at 10(-9) M. These peptides induced in murine macrophages a significant increase of cAMP levels at 60 and 120 s. Adenosine, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, significantly increased the ingestion of latex beads, whereas the combined presence of adenosine and either G-17 or G-34 produced similar values to those of control samples without adenosine or gastrin. These results suggest that gastrin is a negative modulator of several macrophage functions, and that the inhibition of these activities is carried out through an increase of intracellular cAMP levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M de la Fuente
- Departamento de Biología Animal II (Fisiología Animal), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Drummond J, Kotze AC, Levot GW, Pinnock DE. Increased susceptibility to Bacillus thuringiensis associated with pyrethroid resistance in Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis (Phthiraptera Mallophaga: possible role of monooxygenases. J Econ Entomol 1995; 88:1607-1610. [PMID: 8537542 DOI: 10.1093/jee/88.6.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A comparison of the toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) to pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant strains of Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis showed that B. thuringiensis and pyrethroid toxicity were inversely related. The B. ovis strain with an apparent monooxygenase-mediated pyrethroid resistance mechanism was significantly more susceptible to B. thuringiensis. Susceptibility to B. thuringiensis in both the pyrethroid-susceptible and -resistant strains was significantly reduced after administration of the monooxygenase inhibitor piperonyl butoxide. Susceptibility to B. thuringiensis in the pyrethroid-susceptible strain was significantly enhanced after administration of a monooxygenase inducer, sodium phenobarbital. These results suggest that monooxygenases may be important in increasing the toxicity of B. thuringiensis against B. ovis. We discuss the potential use of B. thuringiensis to control pyrethroid-resistant lice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Drummond
- Department of Crop Protection, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond S.A., Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Seventy young adults (50 with Crohn's disease (CD) and 20 with ulcerative colitis (UC) (from a geographically derived cohort of patients with juvenile onset inflammatory bowel disease were interviewed and examined at a mean of 14 (range 5.2-29.5) years after diagnosis. Details of education and employment were collected as part of a structured clinical interview. Although 57% had had periods of absence from school of two months or more, their school examination pass rates were similar to those of the healthy population. The achievements of CD patients were consistently better than those of the UC group. In 15 patients, relapses of inflammatory bowel disease had adversely affected examination performance or prevented them from sitting school examinations. Extra tuition in hospital had been provided for only four patients, and three others had had privately arranged tuition at home. Fifty per cent proceeded to full time higher education. At the time of review, seven patients were full time students, one was a university research fellow, 47 were in full time and three in part time employment, one was self employed, four were housewives, and only six were involuntarily unemployed. All four unemployed CD patients attributed this to inflammatory bowel disease, but other factors were relevant in the unemployed UC patients. Few had direct evidence of rejection by employers on health grounds, though some did not declare their illness to prospective employers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Western General Hospital and University of Edinburgh
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Biggar RJ, Neequaye JE, Neequaye AR, Ankra-Badu GA, Levine PH, Manns A, Taylor M, Drummond J, Waters D. The prevalence of antibodies to the human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV) in Ghana, West Africa. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1993; 9:505-11. [PMID: 8347395 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1993.9.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a population-based serosurvey of urban areas and rural regions of southern Ghana, West Africa. Subjects (3763) of all ages were enrolled from 25 city and village sites and in studies of groups of special interest. "Positive" results were difficult to define because of a high frequency of results that were indeterminate on immunoblotting, the current standard for confirmation of HTLV-I. However, polymerase chain reaction results and HTLV type-specific discriminatory tests proved HTLV-I was present in Ghana. No HTLV-2 positivity was observed. By using strict criteria that considered indeterminate results as negative, the overall prevalence was found to be between 1 and 2% in all areas, with no difference by geographic location. Prevalence rose with age and was higher in adult women than men. However, in substudies of selected populations, we found HTLV prevalence among 124 persons with lymphomas and hematological malignancies was not different from that in the general population. Furthermore, the prevalence in prostitutes was similar to that in the general population and in pregnant women. HTLV-I is present in West Africa, but we were unable to associate HTLV-I seropositivity with malignancy or with prostitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Biggar
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20852
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Levine PH, Jacobson S, Elliott R, Cavallero A, Colclough G, Dorry C, Stephenson C, Knigge RM, Drummond J, Nishimura M. HTLV-II infection in Florida Indians. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1993; 9:123-7. [PMID: 8457379 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1993.9.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A significantly increased prevalence of antibodies to human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) has been described in several native American populations in the United States and Latin America. Initial virologic studies indicate that HTLV-II is the predominant virus responsible for this antibody pattern. We obtained blood samples from 106 Seminole Indians living on four reservations in Southern Florida. Seropositivity to HTLV-I/II was found in 14 (13.2%) of these individuals. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) documented HTLV-II and the absence of HTLV-I in 7 of the 9 donors available for follow-up testing of white blood cells. Evaluation of various risk factors excluded blood transfusion or intravenous drug use as an important contributing factor to the HTLV-II seroprevalence rate. These studies support the hypothesis that HTLV-II is endemic in many native American tribes in the Western hemisphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P H Levine
- Viral Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Affiliation(s)
- J Drummond
- Department of Crop Protection, University of Adelaide, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Manns A, Murphy EL, Wilks R, Haynes G, Figueroa JP, Hanchard B, Barnett M, Drummond J, Waters D, Cerney M. Detection of early human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I antibody patterns during seroconversion among transfusion recipients. Blood 1991; 77:896-905. [PMID: 1993227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
From a cohort of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) exposed transfusion recipients (N = 71) enrolled in the Jamaican Transfusion Study, 11 were selected for detailed laboratory evaluation. All recipients were followed at monthly intervals for 6 months and then bimonthly up to 1 year for evidence of HTLV-I seroconversion. Without regard to results on screening assays, pretransfusion and posttransfusion samples were tested with two licensed HTLV-1 whole-virus screening enzyme immunoassays (EIAs), recombinant EIAs for antibody against tax (p40x) and p21e envelope, standard whole virus Western blot (WB), WB enhanced with recombinant p21e, and radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA). In the early period posttransfusion, antibody to gag core protein was predominant with anti-p24 generally appearing before anti-p19. Recombinant anti-p21e envelope protein, in EIA and WB format, was frequently the earliest envelope reactivity detected, while anti-gp46 in WB and anti-gp61/68 in RIPA system appeared later. Anti-tax antibodies appeared later in the time course of seroconversion. The whole-virus EIAs were less sensitive than the confirmatory assays. The combination of WB and RIPA or WB enhanced with recombinant p21e appeared equally effective in confirming samples as positive by the Public Health Service two gene group confirmatory algorithm. However, specificity of this assay approach could not be addressed in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Manns
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sekla L, Drummond J, Milley D, Stackiw W, Sargeant D, Drew J, Sisler J. Are the alternatives to municipal waters truly safer? Can Dis Wkly Rep 1990; 16:223-6. [PMID: 2268878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Sekla
- Cadham Provincial Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Fourteen isolates of Aspergillus parasiticus and 2 isolates of Aspergillus flavus isolated from the mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari were analyzed for production of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in liquid culture over a 20-day period. Twelve Aspergillus isolates including 11 A. parasiticus and 1 A. flavus produced aflatoxins which were extracted from both the mycelium and culture filtrate. Aflatoxin production was detected at day 3 and was detected continually for up to day 20. Aflatoxin B1 production was greatest between 7 and 10 days and significantly higher quantities were produced by A. flavus compared to A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin production was not a stable trait in 1 A. parasiticus isolate passaged 50 times on agar. In addition to loss of aflatoxin production, an associated loss in sporulation ability was also observed in this passaged isolate, although it did maintain pathogenicity against S. sacchari. An aflatoxin B1 concentration of 0.16 micrograms/mealybug (14.2 micrograms/g wet wt) was detected within the tissues of infected mealybugs 7 days after inoculation. In conclusion, the ability of Aspergillus isolates to produce aflatoxins was not essential to the entomopathogenic activity of this fungus against its host S. sacchari.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Drummond
- Department of Entomology, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Drummond J, Johnson G, Nickell DG, Ortwine DF, Bruns RF, Welbaum B. Evaluation and synthesis of aminohydroxyisoxazoles and pyrazoles as potential glycine agonists. J Med Chem 1989; 32:2116-28. [PMID: 2549245 DOI: 10.1021/jm00129a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Except for structurally similar small amino acids, such as alanine, beta-alanine, and serine, compounds acting as glycine-receptor agonists are an unknown class of pharmacological agents. To investigate the potential of small, substituted heterocycles to act as glycine agonists, we have evaluated the similarities between glycine and a series of hydroxy- and amino-substituted pyrazoles and isoxazoles through complementary molecular modeling techniques. Using a "scorecard approach" to determine the overall similarity of projected agonist structures to glycine, we prioritized synthesis and subsequently prepared several novel derivatives. The biological activity of these compounds was compared to that of glycine by using a [3H]strychnine-mediated glycine receptor binding assay. Despite the close similarity in the calculated parameters when compared to glycine, no significant receptor-binding activity was observed for the targeted analogues. These results illustrate the structurally exacting nature of the glycine receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Drummond
- Department of Chemistry, Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Moazam F, Schmidt JH, Chesrown SE, Graves SA, Sauder RA, Drummond J, Heard SO, Talbert JL. Total lung lavage for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in an infant without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. J Pediatr Surg 1985; 20:398-401. [PMID: 4045665 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(85)80227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare disease that usually affects the adult patient, but is now being recognized as a possible cause of neonatal respiratory distress. In the adult patient, whole lung lavage, as described by Ramirez-R in 1965, is considered the most effective therapy for management of this condition. The lavage can be accomplished safely and with relative ease by using a Carlens or Robertshaw tube to isolate and lavage one lung while ventilating the other. The unavailability of a small double-lumen tube makes this procedure impossible in the pediatric age group. Therefore, whole lung lavage has been possible in only a few children in the past with the help of cardiopulmonary bypass to allow simultaneous oxygenation during the pulmonary lavage. Due to the hazards and technical difficulties of cardiopulmonary bypass, total pulmonary lavage can not be considered a practical option in the very small infant. A 15-week-old infant is reported, weighing 2 kg with a diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, who underwent total pulmonary lavage safely on three different occasions without employing cardiopulmonary bypass. A double-lumen Swan-Ganz catheter, introduced transbronchoscopically through the side-arm of a rigid, 3.5-mm Storz bronchoscope was used to isolate and lavage one lung while ventilation to the other lung was maintained through the bronchoscope. A Nellcor oximeter, utilized for transcutaneous monitoring, revealed satisfactory oxygen saturation during the entire pulmonary lavage. The transbronchoscopic lavage was monitored under direct vision with a video monitor, ensuring correct position of the bronchoscope and the catheter at all times.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
|
43
|
Drummond J. Perspectives on capital equipment. The large hospital. Hosp Mater Manage Q 1983; 4:10-5. [PMID: 10258286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|
44
|
Spanos NP, Radtke HL, Bertrand LD, Addie DL, Drummond J. Disorganized recall, hypnotic amnesia and subjects' faking: more disconfirmatory evidence. Psychol Rep 1982; 50:383-9. [PMID: 7089127 DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1982.50.2.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Wagstaff hypothesized that subjects' faking may account for the disorganization in the clustering of recall that frequently accompanies suggested amnesia for a list of categorized words. According to this hypothesis subjects who learned a categorized word list will cluster inefficiently when they are explicitly instructed to pretend that they have forgotten some of the words. This hypothesis also predicts that subjects asked to mix up words from different categories during recall and simultaneously to recall only a specific number of the words will have difficulty carrying out both tasks. We present two experiments that tested both of these predictions and disconfirmed them both. Our findings are inconsistent with a faking hypothesis of hypnotic amnesia.
Collapse
|
45
|
Bear RA, Drummond J, Halperin ML. Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone: correction of hyponatremia by expansion of intravascular fluid volume. Can Med Assoc J 1982; 126:275-6. [PMID: 7059902 PMCID: PMC1862839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
46
|
Drummond J, O'Connell RA, Colman KL. The Effects of Age and Finnsheep Breeding Wool Properties and Processing Characteristics2. J Anim Sci 1982. [DOI: 10.2527/jas1982.5418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
47
|
|
48
|
Drummond J. Medicine and the media. West J Med 1981. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.282.6282.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
49
|
Drummond J, O'Connell RA, Price DA. Processing Characteristics of Finn-Cross Wool2. J Anim Sci 1980. [DOI: 10.2527/jas1980.503405x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
50
|
Drummond J, Brebner J. Physostigmine reversal of halothane anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1978; 57:597-8. [PMID: 568436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|