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Sylvetsky AC, Hughes SA, Kuttamperoor JT, Moore HR, Murphy J, Sacheck J, Smith ER. Mothers' Experiences During the 2022 Infant Formula Shortage in Washington D.C. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:873-886. [PMID: 38147276 PMCID: PMC11001681 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An unprecedented shortage of infant formula occurred in the United States (U.S.) in 2022 and posed widespread challenges to infant feeding nationwide. The purpose of this study is to investigate mothers' experiences during the 2022 infant formula shortage and its perceived impacts on infants' diet and health. METHODS Mothers (n = 45) of infants under 8 months old from Washington D.C. were invited to participate in a virtual study meeting during the summer of 2022. Mothers completed surveys regarding their demographics, infants' anthropometrics, infant feeding practices, information they have received about infant feeding, and knowledge about infant feeding practices. They then participated in a qualitative interview about their experiences during the infant formula shortage. RESULTS Overarching themes were: the shortage (1) had adverse impacts on mothers' mental and emotional health; (2) had significant financial and intangible costs; (3) led to changes in infant feeding practices; (4) social and family networks were helpful in navigating the shortage; and (5) mothers felt fortunate to have resources to breastfeed and/or obtain formula. DISCUSSION The infant formula shortage adversely impacted mothers' mental and emotional health, and was costly, in terms of financial and intangible costs. Findings demonstrate the need to develop clinical and policy approaches to support mothers in feeding their infants and provide education about safe infant feeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., 20052, USA.
| | - Sarah A Hughes
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., 20052, USA
| | - Janae T Kuttamperoor
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., 20052, USA
| | - Hailey R Moore
- Division of Psychology, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, D.C., 20010, USA
| | - Jeanne Murphy
- School of Nursing, The George Washington University, 1919 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, D.C., 20006, USA
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., 20052, USA
| | - Emily R Smith
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., 20052, USA
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., 20052, USA
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Kaidbey JH, Ferguson K, Halberg SE, Racke C, Visek AJ, Gearhardt AN, Juliano LM, Dietz WH, Sacheck J, Sylvetsky AC. Stop the Pop: A Mixed-Methods Study Examining Children's Physical and Emotional Responses during Three Days of Sugary Drink Cessation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071328. [PMID: 35405940 PMCID: PMC9003451 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite public health efforts to reduce sugary drink consumption, children’s intake continues to exceed recommendations. While numerous barriers to lowering sugary drink consumption have been identified, aversive feelings during sugary drink cessation may further challenge sustained reduction in children’s sugary drink consumption. Herein, we describe “Stop the Pop”, an intervention to examine children’s physical and emotional responses during three days of sugary drink cessation. Children (n = 150) ages 8–14, who reported habitual consumption of ≥12 ounces of sugary drinks daily, were instructed to avoid sweetened beverages for three days. At baseline and on each day of cessation, children completed a daily feelings questionnaire, and a subset of children (n = 30) also completed a qualitative interview following cessation. During sugary drink cessation, children reported physical and emotional improvements, including being less tired, angry, and annoyed; having less trouble sleeping; and less frequently arguing with others, getting in trouble, and getting mad. However, unfavorable responses, such as mood disturbances and having less energy, were reported by some participants. Our results suggest that children who habitually consume sugary drinks may experience physical and emotional improvements during short-term sugary drink cessation, although longer-term examination is needed and inter-individual variability in responses to cessation warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine H. Kaidbey
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Kacey Ferguson
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Sabrina E. Halberg
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Caroline Racke
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Amanda J. Visek
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Laura M. Juliano
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC 20016, USA;
| | - William H. Dietz
- Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Allison C. Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (J.H.K.); (K.F.); (S.E.H.); (C.R.); (A.J.V.); (J.S.)
- Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +202-994-5602
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Sylvetsky AC, Kaidbey JH, Ferguson K, Visek AJ, Sacheck J. Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children's Sugary Drink Consumption: A Qualitative Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:860259. [PMID: 35369093 PMCID: PMC8966582 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.860259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused striking alterations to daily life, with important impacts on children's health. Spending more time at home and out of school due to COVID-19 related closures may exacerbate obesogenic behaviors among children, including consumption of sugary drinks (SDs). This qualitative study aimed to investigate effects of the pandemic on children's SD consumption and related dietary behaviors. Children 8–14 years old and their parent (n = 19 dyads) participated in an in-depth qualitative interview. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and independently coded by two coders, after which, emergent themes and subthemes were identified and representative quotations selected. Although increases in children's SD and snack intake were almost unanimously reported by both children and their parents, increased frequency of cooking at home and preparation of healthier meals were also described. Key reasons for children's higher SD and snack intake were having unlimited access to SDs and snacks and experiencing boredom while at home. Parents also explained that the pandemic impacted their oversight of the child's SD intake, as many parents described loosening prior restrictions on their child's SD intake and/or allowing their child more autonomy to make their own dietary choices during the pandemic. These results call attention to concerning increases in children's SD and snack intake during the COVID-19 pandemic. Intervention strategies to improve the home food environment, including reducing the availability of SDs and energy-dense snacks and providing education on non-food related coping strategies are needed.
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Guan W, Merrill J, Rawlings K, Mitchell J, Sacheck J. Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Youth Physical Activity And Well-being: Findings From The Coaches Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000761864.70544.4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pierre CS, Guan W, Merrill J, Rawlings K, Mitchell J, Sacheck J. Changes in Dietary Intake During COVID-19 Among Youth in Urban Communities: Insights From the COACHES Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2021. [PMCID: PMC8180726 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab035_092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Disruption to nutrition education and school meal programs and widespread reports of increased food insecurity due to COVID-19 have raised concerns about the potential effect on the dietary quality of youth. Accordingly, this study sought to examine the impact of the pandemic on the dietary intake of youth participating in the Creating Opportunities for Adolescents through Coaching, Healthy Eating, and Sports (COACHES) program, an intervention using coaches trained in trauma-informed coaching strategies to improve health of youth from at-risk communities. Methods The COACHES program recruited 6th and 7th grade students from five schools in New Orleans, LA. Students (n = 67) completed an adapted version of the CoRonavIrus Health Impact Survey (CRISIS) for Youth (V0.3) to assess dietary intake and perception of health during the pandemic. Descriptive statistics were used to examine self-reported impact of the pandemic on eating behaviors. Results Among the students who completed the CRISIS questionnaire (n = 67, 11.7+/−0.73 yrs, 55.2% female, 41.8% overweight/obese), 49.3% reported an overall physical health decrease during the pandemic, 65.6% were not meeting recommendations for daily fruit and vegetable intake, and 72.7% consumed sugary beverages two or more times daily. However, more than one-third actually reported increasing fruit and vegetable consumption during the pandemic, and more than one-quarter reduced their sugary beverage intake. Boys were more likely than girls to report increased fruit and vegetable intake, and youth who were overweight or obese were more likely to report maintaining or improving their overall diet, though results were only significant at the 90% level (P = 0.065). Conclusions Despite challenges due to COVID-19, urban youth report improved dietary intake during the pandemic. These results highlight the importance of school-based intervention programs in meeting the nutrition needs of at-risk youth. Funding Sources Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Minority Health.
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Sylvetsky AC, Blake EF, Visek AJ, Halberg S, Comstock K, Essel KD, Dietz WH, Sacheck J. Feasibility and acceptability of a randomized controlled trial to investigate withdrawal symptoms in response to caffeinated sugary drink cessation among children. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2021; 22:100791. [PMID: 34189336 PMCID: PMC8219652 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sugary drinks (SDs) are key contributors to excess added sugar intake and the predominant source of caffeine among children. Chronic caffeine intake causes dependence, and evidence for sugar dependence is emerging. Development of withdrawal symptoms may pose an obstacle to SD cessation among children. We examined the feasibility and acceptability of a three-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to investigate withdrawal symptoms resulting from replacement of children's usual caffeinated SD intake with either caffeine-free alternatives or caffeine-free and sugar-free alternatives, compared with continued consumption of caffeinated SDs. Methods Twenty-nine children 8–12 years old, who consumed ≥12 ounces caffeinated SDs daily, enrolled. The two-week RCT required three in-person meetings and daily completion of electronic questionnaires to assess withdrawal symptoms and intervention adherence. Children were randomized to replace their usual caffeinated SD consumption with 1) caffeine-free alternatives, 2) caffeine-free and sugar-free alternatives, or 3) caffeinated SDs (control), provided by the study team. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results Twenty-eight participants (97%) completed the study. Adherence was high, with 73% reporting compliance with beverage assignments, and 76% completing all questionnaires. In qualitative interviews at follow-up, children described feelings of importance and commitment, and parents did not find the procedures to be overly burdensome. While challenges to adherence were reported (e.g., child wanting other SDs, time commitment), participants described innovative strategies (e.g., designating a place for study drinks in the refrigerator) to maintain adherence. Conclusion Results indicated high levels of RCT feasibility and acceptability. The reported barriers and strategies for adherence will inform modifications required to design a larger and longer-term trial investigating withdrawal symptoms after SD cessation in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Emily F Blake
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Amanda J Visek
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sabrina Halberg
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Kathryn Comstock
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Kofi D Essel
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.,Division of General & Community Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - William H Dietz
- Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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Turvey C, Moran M, Sacheck J, Arashiro A, Huang Q, Heley K, Johnston E, Neff R. Impact of Messaging Strategy on Consumer Understanding of Food Date Labels. J Nutr Educ Behav 2021; 53:389-400. [PMID: 33966763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Explore consumer understanding of the food industry's 2-date labeling system and the relative effectiveness of messages in increasing understanding. DESIGN Participant understanding of date labels assessed before and after random assignment to 1 of 7 messages explaining the meaning of the labels. SETTING US online survey through Amazon Mechanical Turk collected responses from July 29, 2019, to August 5, 2019. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 18 years or older who speak English (n = 2,607). INTERVENTION Seven message variations. VARIABLES MEASURED Behaviors, awareness, and understanding of date labeling, and effectiveness of messages and opportunities for improving them. ANALYSIS Pearson's chi-square test of independence, Wald chi-square test of association, McNemar's test of marginal homogeneity, and logistic regression. RESULTS The majority of respondents use date labels to make decisions and believe they know what the labels mean; however, only 64.0% and 44.8% knew the general meaning of the Best If Used By and Use By labels, respectively. Even fewer understood their specific meanings. Overall, education increased general understanding to 82.0% for Best If Used By and 82.4% for Use By (P < 0.001). The effectiveness of the educational message did not vary significantly by message variation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Consumer education is needed to improve understanding of the 2-date labeling system, ultimately improving food safety and decreasing wasted food. This study highlights opportunities for effective educational communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Turvey
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Meghan Moran
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Ashley Arashiro
- The Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Qiushi Huang
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Katie Heley
- The Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Erica Johnston
- The Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Roni Neff
- The Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
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Halberg SE, Visek AJ, Blake EF, Essel KD, Sacheck J, Sylvetsky AC. SODA MAPS: A Framework for Understanding Caffeinated Sugary Drink Consumption Among Children. Front Nutr 2021; 8:640531. [PMID: 33777993 PMCID: PMC7988216 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.640531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess sugary drink (SD) consumption is associated with childhood obesity and development of cardiometabolic disease. In addition to having high added sugar content, many SDs also contain caffeine, which may further encourage excess SD consumption among children. The objective of this study was to develop a conceptual framework of children's caffeinated SD consumption using group concept mapping, an applied social research multimethodology that collectively harnesses qualitative and quantitative data from participants to generate a visual representation of their ideas and input. Children, 8–14 years old, who reported consuming ≥12 ounces of caffeinated SDs (e.g., sodas, sweet teas) per day were recruited throughout Washington, D.C. and invited to participate. Concept mapping included three participant-driven activities: (1) brainstorming (n = 51), during which children reported reasons for their SD consumption, from which 58 unique reasons were identified; (2) sorting (n = 70), during which children sorted each of the reported reasons into categories and named each category; and (3) rating (n = 74), during which children rated the influence of each reason on their own caffeinated SD consumption. Similarity matrices, multidimensional scaling, and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to generate concept maps (hereafter “SODA MAPS”), which display the 58 reasons organized within eight overarching clusters. Among these eight clusters, Taste and Feel, Something to Do, and Energy were rated as particularly influential. Children's caffeinated SD consumption is encouraged not only by the palatable taste and reported preferences for these beverages (e.g., Taste and Feel), but also by psychological (e.g., Mood and Focus), biological (e.g., Energy), social (e.g., Something to Do) and environmental reasons (e.g., Nothing Better Available). Thus, the SODA MAPS can inform the development of tailored, multi-level SD reduction interventions that incorporate strategies to address important and currently overlooked reasons for caffeinated SD consumption among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Halberg
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Amanda J Visek
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Emily F Blake
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Kofi D Essel
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States.,Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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Sylvetsky AC, Visek AJ, Halberg S, Rhee DK, Ongaro Z, Essel KD, Dietz WH, Sacheck J. Beyond taste and easy access: Physical, cognitive, interpersonal, and emotional reasons for sugary drink consumption among children and adolescents. Appetite 2020; 155:104826. [PMID: 32800838 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of sugary drinks is associated with the development of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases among children and adolescents. In addition to high added sugar content, many sugary drinks also contain caffeine. However, whether the combination of sugar and caffeine uniquely influences children's sugary drink intake is presently unknown. This study aimed to evaluate contextual factors surrounding children's sugary drink consumption and investigate reasons for sugary drink intake among children and adolescents, with a specific focus on caffeinated sodas and sweet tea. We also evaluated how sugary drink consumption makes children feel and how they anticipated that they would respond if sugary drinks were restricted. Focus group discussions (n = 9, 2-8 participants per group) were conducted with 37 predominantly AfricanAmerican children and adolescents, ages 8-14 years, who consumed ≥1 caffeine-containing sugary drink(s) daily, based on parental report. Focus groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were independently coded by two coders, after which emergent themes were identified. Reported reasons for sugary drink consumption encompassed five themes: 1) perceived need (e.g., satisfy cravings, quench thirst); 2) physical and cognitive benefits (e.g., provide energy, improve attention); 3) emotional and interpersonal benefits (e.g., relieve anger, facilitate socializing); 4) sensory properties (e.g., taste, carbonation); and, 5) external cues (e.g., family/peer modeling, availability). Negative consequences resulting from excess intake were also reported, including gastrointestinal symptoms, headaches, fatigue, hyperactivity, and chronic disease. Perceived physical, cognitive, emotional, and interpersonal benefits encourage sugary drink consumption and exacerbate well-described challenges of sugary drink reduction, including their palatability, accessibility, and affordability. Findings also suggest that incorporation of strategies to enhance physical, cognitive, and emotional health may hold promise in reducing sugary drink consumption among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Amanda J Visek
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sabrina Halberg
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Dong Keun Rhee
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Zoe Ongaro
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Kofi D Essel
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Division of General & Community Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - William H Dietz
- Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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Bleiweiss-Sande R, Bailey CP, Sacheck J, Goldberg JP. Addressing Challenges with the Categorization of Foods Processed at Home: A Pilot Methodology to Inform Consumer-Facing Guidance. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082373. [PMID: 32784400 PMCID: PMC7468982 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to inform consumer-facing dietary guidance by (1) adapting the current University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) food processing framework to include a home processing (HP) component and (2) pilot testing the adapted version using a nationally representative sample of foods consumed in the U.S. The UNC framework was adapted to include guidelines for categorizing home-prepared (HP) foods. The original UNC and adapted HP frameworks were used to code dietary recalls from a random sample of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015–2016 cycle) participants (n = 100; ages 2–80 years). Percent changes between the UNC and HP adapted frameworks for each processing category were calculated using Microsoft Excel, version 16.23. Participants were 56% female, 35% non-Hispanic white (mean age = 31.3 ± 23.8). There were 1,376 foods with 651 unique foods reported. Using the HP compared to the UNC framework, unprocessed/minimally processed foods declined by 11.7% (UNC: 31.0% vs. HP: 27.4%); basic processed foods increased by 116.8% (UNC: 8.2% vs. HP: 17.8%); moderately processed foods increased by 16.3% (UNC: 14.2% vs. HP: 16.6%); and highly processed foods decreased by 17.8% (UNC: 46.5% vs. HP: 38.2%). Home-prepared foods should be considered as distinct from industrially produced foods when coding dietary data by processing category. This has implications for consumer-facing dietary guidance that incorporates processing level as an indicator of diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bleiweiss-Sande
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-510-334-3701
| | - Caitlin P. Bailey
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (C.P.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (C.P.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jeanne P. Goldberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
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Sylvetsky AC, Visek AJ, Turvey C, Halberg S, Weisenberg JR, Lora K, Sacheck J. Parental Concerns about Child and Adolescent Caffeinated Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake and Perceived Barriers to Reducing Consumption. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040885. [PMID: 32218117 PMCID: PMC7230274 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption contributes to obesity and chronic disease. SSB intake in children and adolescents remains well above recommendations and reducing intake is challenging. In addition to high sugar content, SSBs are the predominant source of caffeine among youth. However, whether caffeine in SSBs presents unique barriers to reducing consumption is unknown. Herein, we examine parental concerns about child caffeinated-SSB (CSSB) intake and describe parent-reported barriers to lowering their child’s consumption. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 21 parents of children and adolescents 8–17 years of age. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded using Nvivo™, and key themes were identified. Most parents expressed concern about child CSSB consumption, primarily with regard to dietary (e.g., excess sugar), health (e.g., obesity, diabetes) and/or behavioral (e.g., hyperactivity) consequences of frequent intake. Several key barriers to CSSB restriction were reported, encompassing six emergent themes: widespread availability and accessibility; child non-compliance when asked not to drink CSSBs; peer and cultural influences; negative child response to CSSB restriction; family eating behaviors; and, child preferences for CSSBs versus other beverages. Consideration of these barriers, along with the development of novel approaches to address these challenges, will likely bolster success in interventions aimed at reducing CSSB intake among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison C. Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (A.J.V.); (C.T.); (S.H.); (J.R.W.); (K.L.); (J.S.)
- Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Amanda J. Visek
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (A.J.V.); (C.T.); (S.H.); (J.R.W.); (K.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Catherine Turvey
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (A.J.V.); (C.T.); (S.H.); (J.R.W.); (K.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sabrina Halberg
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (A.J.V.); (C.T.); (S.H.); (J.R.W.); (K.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jamie R. Weisenberg
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (A.J.V.); (C.T.); (S.H.); (J.R.W.); (K.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Karina Lora
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (A.J.V.); (C.T.); (S.H.); (J.R.W.); (K.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (A.J.V.); (C.T.); (S.H.); (J.R.W.); (K.L.); (J.S.)
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12
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Abstract
Background. Parent-aimed guidance on the topic of processed foods may help limit highly processed foods in children's diets, but little is known about parent understanding and perceptions of these products. Aims. To determine how parent perceptions of processing align with processing classification systems used in research, and to identify opportunities for future research in communicating information about processed foods. Method. Six focus groups with lower income, racial/ethnic minority and immigrant parents of fourth to sixth graders (n = 37) were conducted. Parents were asked to discuss their views on terminology related to food processing, classification of foods according to their processing level, the healthfulness of select foods, and criteria for choosing snacks for their children. Focus groups were guided by a thematic approach. NVivo 12 (QSR International) was used to facilitate analyses. Results. Thirty mothers and seven fathers participated. Two thirds (62%) were foreign-born; 38% identified as Hispanic. The term "processing" lacked consistent meaning among parents, with variation by immigrant status. Participants associated highly processed foods with convenience, packaging, and added ingredients; "less-processed" versions of foods (e.g., fresh; homemade) were perceived as healthier. Children's preferences were the main criteria for choosing snacks. Foreign-born parents were more likely to associate processed foods with positive characteristics (e.g., properly cooked). Conclusion. The concept of food processing is an area of misconception among parents, providing an opportunity for education that may be extended to larger audiences. A universally accepted definition of food classification by processing level is necessary to effectively communicate the link between processing and healthfulness.
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Bleiweiss-Sande R, Chui K, Evans EW, Goldberg J, Amin S, Sacheck J. Robustness of Food Processing Classification Systems. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061344. [PMID: 31208000 PMCID: PMC6627649 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discrepancies exist among food processing classification systems and in the relationship between processed food intake and dietary quality of children. This study compared inter-rater reliability, food processing category, and the relationship between processing category and nutrient concentration among three systems (Nova, International Food Information Council (IFIC), and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC)). Processing categories for the top 100 most commonly consumed foods children consume (NHANES 2013-2014) were independently coded and compared using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Relative ability of nutrient concentration to predict processing category was investigated using linear discriminant analysis and multinomial logistic regression and compared between systems using Cohen's kappa coefficient. UNC had the highest inter-rater reliability (ρ = 0.97), followed by IFIC (ρ = 0.78) and Nova (ρ = 0.76). UNC and Nova had the highest agreement (80%). Lower potassium was predictive of IFIC's classification of foods as moderately compared to minimally processed (p = 0.01); lower vitamin D was predictive of UNC's classification of foods as highly compared to minimally processed (p = 0.04). Sodium and added sugars were predictive of all systems' classification of highly compared to minimally processed foods (p < 0.05). Current classification systems may not sufficiently identify foods with high nutrient quality commonly consumed by children in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bleiweiss-Sande
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Kenneth Chui
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - E Whitney Evans
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
| | - Jeanne Goldberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Sarah Amin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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14
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Bleiweiss-Sande R, Chui K, Wright C, Anzman-Frasca S, Amin S, Sacheck J. Associations Between Dietary Intake Patterns, Cognition and Academic Achievement in 3rd and 4th Grade Children from the Fueling Learning Through Exercise Study (P04-096-19). Curr Dev Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz051.p04-096-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Evidence on associations between dietary patterns and academic outcomes is limited. This study examined relationships between dietary pattern, cognitive performance and academic achievement in a diverse sample of children.
Methods
Reported intake of food groups [fruits, vegetables, sweet and salty snacks, sugar-sweetened and unsweetened beverages], dietary patterns (healthful and unhealthful), cognitive measures (Digit Span and Stroop test) and academic achievement (standardized test scores) were obtained from 3rd and 4th grade urban schoolchildren. Multiple Poisson and multiple linear regression were used to test associations between cognitive scores and diet. Multiple ordered logistic regression was used to assess associations between academic achievement and diet. Potential confounders (age, sex, BMI z-score, race/ethnicity, English language learner status, individualized education plan enrollment, physical activity and parent education level) were included in all models.
Results
The sample included 868 children (56.7% girls; 33.2% Non-Hispanic white, 26.2% Hispanic, 17.1% multiracial/other, 8.3% Non-Hispanic black; 40.5% overweight/obese). The most frequently consumed foods were fruits and sweet snacks (1.9 and 1.6 servings per day, respectively). There were no statistically significant associations between diet and cognitive test scores. Greater intake of unhealthful food groups (sweet snacks, salty snacks and sweetened beverages) was associated with lower math (OR = 0.91, CI [0.84, 0.98], P = 0.014) and English standardized test scores (OR = 0.87, CI [0.80, 0.94, P = 0.001). Greater intake of sweet snacks and fruits was associated with lower English scores (OR = 0.72, 95% CI [0.59, 0.88] P = 0.001; and OR = 0.75, 95% CI [0.72, 0.94] P = 0.003, respectively).
Conclusions
Unhealthful dietary patterns were associated with poorer academic achievement. Further research can shed light on unexpected associations between fruit consumption and achievement. Policies targeting multiple dietary components may positively influence child academic achievement and development.
Funding Sources
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, National Institutes of Health and the Boston Foundation.
Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Chui
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University
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15
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Bleiweiss-Sande R, Chui K, Evans W, Amin S, Goldberg J, Sacheck J. Alignment of Food Processing Classification Systems with Nutrient Quality (OR14-01-19). Curr Dev Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz038.or14-01-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Processed foods are associated with energy-dense eating patterns among children, yet research using food processing classification systems has led to varying conclusions regarding the impact of processed foods on dietary quality. This study utilized three common classification systems to examine (a) agreement between systems for processing level assignment, and (b) relationships between processing level, as determined by each classification system, and individual nutrient concentrations for foods commonly consumed by children.
Methods
The Nova, International Food Information Council (IFIC), and the University of North Carolina (UNC) systems were examined. Two researchers independently coded processing level according to each system's criteria for the 100 most commonly consumed foods by children 6–12 yrs (NHANES 2013–2014). Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. Concentration of under- (potassium, fiber, choline, magnesium, calcium, iron, vitamins A, D, E, and C) and over-consumed (added sugars, saturated fat and sodium) nutrients were quantified for 100 grams of each food. Alignment of processing classification systems with nutrient concentration was investigated using linear discriminant analysis and multinomial logistic regression, and compared among systems using Cohen's kappa.
Results
Most foods were classified as highly processed (70%, 62% 53%, for the Nova, UNC and IFIC system, respectively). The UNC system had the highest inter-rater reliability (r = 0.97, P < 0.001), followed by IFIC (r = 0.78, P < 0.001) and Nova (r = 0.76, P < 0.001). Processing level was associated with greater sodium and total sugars for both UNC and IFIC, and iron for IFIC. Minimal processing was associated with a higher concentration of vitamin C for IFIC and UNC. There were no other significant associations. Agreement was highest between Nova and UNC (k = 0.61, P < 0.001) and lowest between Nova and IFIC (k = 0.52, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
Processing classification systems may differentiate highly processed foods by their nutrient qualities, but not moderately or minimally processed. Universal definitions for processing level assignment are needed to ensure consistent methodology in studies examining the relationship between processed food intake and health.
Funding Sources
NA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Chui
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tufts University
| | - Whitney Evans
- The Miriam Hospital/Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School
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16
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Sylvetsky AC, Hiedacavage A, Shah N, Pokorney P, Baldauf S, Merrigan K, Smith V, Long MW, Black R, Robien K, Avena N, Gaine C, Greenberg D, Wootan MG, Talegawkar S, Colon‐Ramos U, Leahy M, Ohmes A, Mennella JA, Sacheck J, Dietz WH. From biology to behavior: a cross-disciplinary seminar series surrounding added sugar and low-calorie sweetener consumption. Obes Sci Pract 2019; 5:203-219. [PMID: 31275594 PMCID: PMC6587329 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This report presents a synopsis of a three-part, cross-sector, seminar series held at the George Washington University (GWU) in Washington, DC from February-April, 2018. The overarching goal of the seminar series was to provide a neutral forum for diverse stakeholders to discuss and critically evaluate approaches to address added sugar intake, with a key focus on the role of low-calorie sweeteners (LCS). METHODS During three seminars, twelve speakers from academic institutions, federal agencies, non-profit organizations, and the food and beverage industries participated in six interactive panel discussions to address: 1) Do Farm Bill Policies Impact Population Sugar Intake? 2) What is the Impact of Sugar-sweetened Beverage (SSB) Taxes on Health and Business? 3) Is Sugar Addictive? 4) Product Reformulation Efforts: Progress, Challenges, and Concerns? 5) Low-calorie Sweeteners: Helpful or Harmful, and 6) Are Novel Sweeteners a Plausible Solution? Discussion of each topic involved brief 15-minute presentations from the speakers, which were followed by a 25-minute panel discussion moderated by GWU faculty members and addressed questions generated by the audience. Sessions were designed to represent opposing views and stimulate meaningful debate. Given the provocative nature of the seminar series, attendee questions were gathered anonymously using Pigeonhole™, an interactive, online, question and answer platform. RESULTS This report summarizes each presentation and recapitulates key perspectives offered by the speakers and moderators. CONCLUSIONS The seminar series set the foundation for robust cross-sector dialogue necessary to inform meaningful future research, and ultimately, effective policies for lowering added sugar intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. Sylvetsky
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington University
| | - A. Hiedacavage
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington University
| | - N. Shah
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington University
| | - P. Pokorney
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington University
| | - S. Baldauf
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington University
| | - K. Merrigan
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington University
- Swette Center for Sustainable Food SystemsArizona State University
| | - V. Smith
- Department of Agricultural EconomicsMontana State University
| | - M. W. Long
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington University
| | - R. Black
- Quadrant D Consulting, LLCTufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy
| | - K. Robien
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington University
| | - N. Avena
- Department of NeuroscienceMount Sinai School of Medicine
- Department of PsychologyPrinceton University
| | | | - D. Greenberg
- PepsiCo Inc. (Current affiliation NutriSci Inc.)
| | | | - S. Talegawkar
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington University
| | - U. Colon‐Ramos
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington University
| | - M. Leahy
- Food, Nutrition & Policy Solutions LLC
| | | | | | - J. Sacheck
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington University
| | - W. H. Dietz
- Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington University
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Accumulating evidence shows that children in the USA gain weight more rapidly during the summer, when school is not in session. This narrative review spanning 2007 to 2017 summarizes efforts to characterize the problem, identify key determinants, and intervene to prevent excess summer weight gain. RECENT FINDINGS Summer weight gain remains a concern for elementary-age youth. Few studies have examined its determinants, but unfavorable summertime shifts in diet, physical activity, sedentary time, screen media use, and sleep have been reported. Increased structure is thought to protect against summer weight gain. Interventions to support physical activity and nutrition during the summer show promise, though large-scale impact on weight outcomes remains to be seen. Supporting health behaviors during the summer remains a priority for obesity prevention researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. Strategies to expand access to structured programs and reach beyond such programs to improve behaviors at home are of particular importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Tanskey
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing & Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7624, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7624, USA.
| | - Jeanne Goldberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, 75 Kneeland Street, 8th Floor, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Kenneth Chui
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Aviva Must
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Avenue, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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18
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Hennessy E, Hatfield DP, Chui K, Herrick S, Odalen C, West T, Pratt R, Wright C, Sacheck J. Changes In Ability, Confidence, And Motivation Among Children In A Novel School-based Physical Literacy Intervention. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000538514.53208.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Bleiweiss-Sande R, Kranz S, Bakun P, Tanskey L, Wright C, Sacheck J. Comparative Study of a New Dietary Screener to Assess Food Groups of Concern in Children. Food Nutr Bull 2017; 38:585-593. [PMID: 28946823 DOI: 10.1177/0379572117733400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are several valid and reliable dietary screeners to measure child intake patterns, there is a paucity of brief assessment tools targeting under- and overconsumed foods. OBJECTIVE To compare the Fueling Learning through Exercise study (FLEX) dietary questionnaire, a screener designed to assess consumption patterns in third to fifth graders, to a validated dietary assessment tool. METHODS The FLEX dietary questionnaire was developed to assess fruit, vegetable, snack, and beverage consumption and was compared to the Block Kids Food Screener (BKFS). Correlations were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS The sample (n = 63) had mean age of 9.9 years (SD 0.7). Most participants were non-Hispanic white (70%) and eligible for free/reduced price lunch (57%). Correlations between food group categories were significant for all groups ( P < .05) except fruits ( r = 0.51) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) ( r = 0.21). We found moderate-to-strong correlations between reported vegetable, salty snack, sweet snack, total beverage, milk, and fruit juice consumption (0.62, 0.59, 0.69, 0.47, 0.48, and 0.46, respectively). The FLEX screener reported systematically higher mean servings per day (0.24-1.1) compared to the BKFS (0.05-0.51). CONCLUSION Based on these correlations, the FLEX dietary questionnaire performs similarly to a validated tool in assessing intake of under- and overconsumed food groups in a diverse third to fifth grade population. Overall serving size discrepancies are likely due to more relevant food items on the FLEX questionnaire and a more child-friendly format. This study highlights the need to update older diet screeners to reflect current child consumption patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bleiweiss-Sande
- 1 Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Kranz
- 1 Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Bakun
- 1 Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lindsay Tanskey
- 1 Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Wright
- 1 Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- 1 Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Hubbard K, Economos CD, Bakun P, Boulos R, Chui K, Mueller MP, Smith K, Sacheck J. Disparities in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among girls and overweight and obese schoolchildren during school- and out-of-school time. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:39. [PMID: 27000400 PMCID: PMC4802912 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing physical activity (PA) during the school day and out-of-school time are critical strategies for preventing childhood obesity and improving overall health. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine schoolchildren’s volume and type of PA during school-time and out-of-school, compared to national recommendations and differences by sex and weight status. Methods This cross-sectional analysis included 517 3rd-5th grade schoolchildren from 13 New England elementary schools (October 2013-January 2014). Demographics were collected by parent questionnaire. Measured height and weight were used to categorize child weight status. Accelerometer data were collected over 7 days. PA was coded as total activity counts and minutes of sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (SED, LPA, MVPA) during 1) school, 2) weekday out-of-school, 3) weekend, and 4) total daily time. Multivariable mixed models were used to examine associations between sex and weight status and total counts, SED, LPA, and MVPA, controlling for demographics, wear-time, and clustering within schools. Results 453 participants (60.5 % girls; mean age 9.1 years; 30.5 % overweight/obese) had valid accelerometer wear time (≥3 days, ≥ 10 h/day). Few children achieved 60 min total daily (15.0 %) or school-time (8.0 %) MVPA recommendations. For all time-of-day categories, girls achieved fewer MVPA minutes than boys (p < .0001), and overweight/obese participants achieved fewer MVPA minutes than normal/underweight participants (p = 0.05). Minutes of LPA declined by grade-level (p < .05) and were lower in girls than boys during school-time only (p < .05). Conclusion Disparities in MVPA by sex and weight status across school and out-of-school time highlight the need for programs with equitable reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristie Hubbard
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Public Health and Community Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Christina D Economos
- ChildObesity180, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Peter Bakun
- ChildObesity180, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Rebecca Boulos
- University of New England, School of Community and Population Health, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Kenneth Chui
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Public Health and Community Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Megan P Mueller
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Katie Smith
- ChildObesity180, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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21
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Folta SC, Koomas A, Metayer N, Fullerton KJ, Hubbard KL, Anzman-Frasca S, Hofer T, Nelson M, Newman M, Sacheck J, Economos C. Engaging Stakeholders From Volunteer-Led Out-of-School Time Programs in the Dissemination of Guiding Principles for Healthy Snacking and Physical Activity. Prev Chronic Dis 2015; 12:E225. [PMID: 26704443 PMCID: PMC4692475 DOI: 10.5888/pcd12.150270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little effort has focused on the role of volunteer-led out-of-school time (OST) programs (ie, enrichment and sports programs) as key environments for the promotion of healthy eating and physical activity habits among school-aged children. The Healthy Kids Out of School (HKOS) initiative developed evidence-based, practical guiding principles for healthy snacks, beverages, and physical activity. The goal of this case study was to describe the methods used to engage regional partners to understand how successful implementation and dissemination of these principles could be accomplished. Community Context HKOS partnered with volunteer-led programs from 5 OST organizations in Maine, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire to create a regional “learning laboratory.” Methods We engaged partners in phases. In the first phase, we conducted focus groups with local volunteer program leaders; during the second phase, we held roundtable meetings with regional and state program administrators; and in the final phase, we conducted additional outreach to refine and finalize implementation strategies. Outcomes Implementation strategies were developed based on themes and information that emerged. For enrichment programs, strategies included new patch and pin programs that were consistent with the organizations’ infrastructure and usual practices. For sports programs, the main strategy was integration with online trainings for coaches. Interpretation Through the engagement process, we learned that dissemination of the guiding principles in these large and complex OST organizations was best accomplished by using implementation strategies that were customized, integrated, and aligned with goals and usual practices. The lessons learned can benefit future efforts to prevent obesity in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Folta
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111. Telephone: 617-636-3423.
| | | | | | | | - Kristie L Hubbard
- Food and Nutrition Service, US Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Office, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Teresa Hofer
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Monrovia, California
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22
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Evans EW, Jacques PF, Dallal GE, Sacheck J, Must A. The role of eating frequency on relative weight in urban school-age children. Pediatr Obes 2015; 10:442-7. [PMID: 25565335 PMCID: PMC4495000 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of eating frequency on relative weight in childhood is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To clarify this relationship by assessing the cross-sectional and prospective relationships of weekday eating frequency with BMI z-score (BMIz) and change in BMIz in a sample of schoolchildren. METHODS Eating frequency, the average number of reported daily eating occasions, was assessed using two weekday 24-h diet recalls. BMIz was measured at baseline, 6 months and 1 year in 155 urban schoolchildren, ages 9-15 years. Multiple linear regression models were used. RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses at baseline suggest that BMIz was 0.23 units lower for each additional reported eating occasion (regression coefficient = -0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.44, -0.07). From baseline to 6 months, BMIz increased by 0.03 units for each additional reported eating occasion (regression coefficient = 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05). This relationship was no longer statistically significant at 1 year (regression coefficient = 0.01; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the relationship of eating frequency with BMIz differs from that of change in BMIz. This difference may be due to methodological deficiencies of cross-sectional studies, challenges of dietary assessment or differences in eating patterns among normal and overweight youth. Controlled trials are needed to further clarify this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Whitney Evans
- Brown University Medical School, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, 196 Richmond St, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Paul F. Jacques
- Tufts University, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111,Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Gerard E. Dallal
- Tufts University, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111,Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Aviva Must
- Tufts University, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111,Tufts University, School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111
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Cederholm T, Koochek A, Kirn D, Reid K, von Berens A, Travison T, Zhu H, Folta S, Sacheck J, Nelson M, Liu C, Phillips E, Aberg A, Nydahl M, Gustafsson T, Fielding R. MON-LB009: Effect of Nutritional Supplementation and Structured Physical Activity on Walk Capacity in Mobility-Limited Older Adults: Results From the Vive2 Study. Clin Nutr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(15)30773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Fielding R, Kirn D, Koochek A, Reid K, von Berens A, Travison T, Zhu H, Folta S, Sacheck J, Nelson M, Liu C, Phillips E, Aberg A, Nydahl M, Gustafsson T, Cederholm T. O-096: Effect of nutritional supplementation and structured physical activity on walk capacity in mobility-limited older adults: results from the VIVE2 study. Eur Geriatr Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(15)30583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kirn DR, Koochek A, Reid KF, von Berens Å, Travison TG, Folta S, Sacheck J, Nelson M, Liu C, Phillips E, Åberg AC, Nydahl M, Gustafsson T, Cederholm T, Fielding RA. The Vitality, Independence, and Vigor in the Elderly 2 Study (VIVE2): Design and methods. Contemp Clin Trials 2015; 43:164-71. [PMID: 26044464 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional supplementation may potentiate the increase in skeletal muscle protein synthesis following exercise in healthy older individuals. Whether exercise and nutrition act synergistically to produce sustained changes in physical functioning and body composition has not been well studied, particularly in mobility-limited older adults. METHODS The VIVE2 study was a multi-center, randomized controlled trial, conducted in the United States and Sweden. This study was designed to compare the effects of a 6-month intervention with a once daily, experimental, 4 fl.oz. liquid nutritional supplement providing 150 kcal, whey protein (20 g), and vitamin D (800 IU) (Nestlé Health Science, Vevey, Switzerland), to a low calorie placebo drink (30 kcal, non-nutritive; identical format) when combined with group-based exercise in 150 community-dwelling, mobility-limited older adults. All participants participated in a structured exercise program (3 sessions/week for 6 months), which included aerobic, strength, flexibility, and balance exercises. RESULTS The primary outcome was 6-month change in 400 m walk performance (m/s) between supplement and placebo groups. Secondary outcomes included 6 month change in: body composition, muscle cross-sectional area, leg strength, grip strength, stair climb time, quality of life, physical performance, mood/depressive symptoms and nutritional status. These outcomes were selected based on their applicability to the health and well-being of older adults. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study will further define the role of nutritional supplementation on physical functioning and restoration of skeletal muscle mass in older adults. Additionally, these results will help refine the current physical activity and nutritional recommendations for mobility-limited older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan R Kirn
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Afsaneh Koochek
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kieran F Reid
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Åsa von Berens
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas G Travison
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sara Folta
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Miriam Nelson
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States; Jonathan M. Tisch College of Citizenship and Public Service, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Christine Liu
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States; Section of Geriatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Edward Phillips
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Cristina Åberg
- Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; School of Education, Health and Society, Dalarna University, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Nydahl
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roger A Fielding
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Berger S, Van Rompay M, Gordon C, Goodman E, Economos C, Eliasziw M, Holick M, Sacheck J. Investigation of the 3‐epimer of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in urban schoolchildren. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.253.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Berger
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts UniversityBostonMAUnited States
| | - Maria Van Rompay
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts UniversityBostonMAUnited States
| | - Catherine Gordon
- Divisions of Adolescent Medicine and Endocrinology Hasbro Children's HospitalProvidenceRIUnited States
| | | | - Christina Economos
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts UniversityBostonMAUnited States
| | - Misha Eliasziw
- Department of Public Health and Community MedicineTufts UniversityBostonMAUnited States
| | - Michael Holick
- School of MedicineBoston UniversityBostonMAUnited States
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy Tufts UniversityBostonMAUnited States
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Kirn D, Koochek A, Reid K, von Berens A, Travison T, Folta S, Sacheck J, Nelson M, Liu C, Phillips E, Aberg A, Nydahl M, Gustafsson T, Cederholm T, Fielding R. P384: The Vitality, Independence, and Vigor in the Elderly 2 Study (VIVE2): design and methods. Eur Geriatr Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-7649(14)70548-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Evans EW, Jacques P, Dallal GE, Sacheck J, Must A. The effect of eating frequency on total energy intake, BMI z‐score and diet quality in children and adolescents. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.343.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Whitney Evans
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMA
| | - Paul Jacques
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research CenterTufts UniversityBostonMA
| | - Gerard E. Dallal
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research CenterTufts UniversityBostonMA
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and PolicyTufts UniversityBostonMA
| | - Aviva Must
- School of MedicineTufts UniversityBostonMA
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29
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Sacheck J, Glynn A. Overweight and obesity in Massachusetts: a focus on physical activity. Issue Brief (Mass Health Policy Forum) 2012:1-35. [PMID: 22629597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Sacheck J, Goodman E, Chui K, Chomitz V, Must A, Economos C. Vitamin D deficiency, adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk in urban schoolchildren. J Pediatr 2011; 159:945-50. [PMID: 21784451 PMCID: PMC3586426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and cardiometabolic risk factors independent of adiposity in urban schoolchildren. STUDY DESIGN We assessed the relationships among serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], adiposity measured by body mass index (BMI) z-score (BMIz), and 6 cardiometabolic risk factors (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein [CRP]) in a cross-sectional sample of 263 racially and ethnically diverse schoolchildren from the Boston area during late winter. Multivariate regression analyses adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and BMIz examined associations of 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS Overall, 74.6% of the children were vitamin D deficient [25(OH)D <50 nmol/L; mean, 41.8 ± 13.7 nmol/L]; 45% were overweight or obese (20% and 25%, respectively; BMIz = 0.75 ± 1.1). The 25(OH)D level was not associated with BMIz, but was positively associated with the cardiometabolic risk factor CRP (β = 0.03; P < .05). BMIz was associated with elevated triglycerides (β = 0.13), CRP (β = 0.58), and interleukin-6 (β= 0.14) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = -0.09; all P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent during the late winter months in urban schoolchildren living in the northeastern United States. This widespread deficiency may contribute to the lack of associations between 25(OH)D and both BMIz and cardiometabolic risk factors. The association between 25(OH)D and CRP warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sacheck
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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31
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Fay K, Economos C, Lerner RM, Becker AE, Sacheck J. The association between sports participation and athletic identity with eating pathology among college-aged males and females. Eat Weight Disord 2011; 16:e102-12. [PMID: 21989094 DOI: 10.1007/bf03325315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study examined associations among sports participation (SP), athletic identity (AI), weight status, and eating pathology, and whether these relations differed by gender. Data come from male and female first-year college students who participated in the Tufts Longitudinal Health Study (TLHS) between 1999-2007 (N=712). Relations among SP, AI, actual and perceived weight statuses, Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) subscale scores, and indices of body shape concern and restrictive eating were examined with hierarchical ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Associations between SP and eating pathology among females were moderated by perceived weight status. By contrast, relations between males' EDI subscales scores and SP were moderated by ethnicity, as well as by actual weight status. Our findings support that sports participation alone neither promotes nor protects against eating pathology among males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Fay
- Institute for Applied Research in Youth Development, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Kafka T, Economos C, Folta S, Sacheck J. Children as subjects in nutrition research: a retrospective look at their perceptions. J Nutr Educ Behav 2011; 43:103-109. [PMID: 21392713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore children's motivations for and perceived benefits and barriers to nutrition research participation. To explore children's perspectives on how to improve the research experience. DESIGN Seven focus group sessions were conducted during March 2008 with research participants from a trial that examined the effects of pre-exercise snacks on physical activity and exercise stress in children. The Health Belief Model for Behavior Change served as the framework for understanding perceived benefits and barriers to research participation and cues to action to help children's readiness for future research participation. SETTING Indoor sports center in Acton, Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-five children, 15 males and 20 females, aged 7-10 years. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Children's participation in nutrition research. ANALYSIS Transcripts were reviewed, coded, and sorted according to recurring trends and patterns using NVIVO software. RESULTS Participants were overwhelmingly motivated to participate in research because of financial incentives. The biggest barrier to participation was anxiety over finger pricks. Children suggested demonstrating different aspects of data collection during recruitment to reduce trepidation and using distraction techniques to improve the experience during anxiety-provoking data collection. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Themes for benefits and barriers to research participation were identified. Data also provide a guide to promote readiness and to improve the research experience for children in future nutrition trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Kafka
- The Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, The John Hancock Center for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Kennedy MA, Sacheck J, Folta SC, Houser R, Kuder J, Nelson ME. The Impact of Marathon Training on Body Weight in Recreational Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000385742.89080.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sacheck
- From the John Hancock Center for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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35
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Sacheck J, Clark V. Childhood obesity in Massachusetts: costs, consequences and opportunities for change. Issue Brief (Mass Health Policy Forum) 2008:1-37. [PMID: 18615901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Economos C, Sacheck J, Ho KCK, Hyatt R. Fruit and vegetable household availability and consumption in early elementary school children. FASEB J 2006. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.20.4.a551-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Economos
- Friedman School of NutritionTufts University150 Harrison AvenueBostonMA02111
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Friedman School of NutritionTufts University150 Harrison AvenueBostonMA02111
| | | | - Raymond Hyatt
- Friedman School of NutritionTufts University150 Harrison AvenueBostonMA02111
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Affiliation(s)
- L. P. Andy Andres
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Sacheck
- Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Andres LP, Provost S, Roubenoff R, Frontera W, Sacheck J, Brown WF. CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL ADAPTATION TO RESISTANCE TRAINING OF THE THENAR MUSCLES IN ELDERLY MEN. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999. [DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199905001-01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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