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Ikonnikov E, Paolino M, Garcia-Alvarez JC, Orozco-Gonzalez Y, Granados C, Röder A, Léonard J, Olivucci M, Haacke S, Kornilov O, Gozem S. Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Oppositely Charged Molecular Switches in the Aqueous Phase: Theory and Experiment. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6061-6070. [PMID: 37358397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
XUV photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful method for investigating the electronic structures of molecules. However, the correct interpretation of results in the condensed phase requires theoretical models that account for solvation. Here we present experimental aqueous-phase XPS of two organic biomimetic molecular switches, NAIP and p-HDIOP. These switches are structurally similar, but have opposite charges and thus present a stringent benchmark for solvation models which need to reproduce the observed ΔeBE = 1.1 eV difference in electron binding energy compared to the 8 eV difference predicted in the gas phase. We present calculations using implicit and explicit solvent models. The latter employs the average solvent electrostatic configuration and free energy gradient (ASEC-FEG) approach. Both nonequilibrium polarizable continuum models and ASEC-FEG calculations give vertical binding energies in good agreement with the experiment for three different computational protocols. Counterions, explicitly accounted for in ASEC-FEG, contribute to the stabilization of molecular states and reduction of ΔeBE upon solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ikonnikov
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Paolino
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - C Granados
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Röder
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Léonard
- Strasbourg Institute of Material Physics and Chemistry, University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 23 Rue du Loess, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - M Olivucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S Haacke
- Strasbourg Institute of Material Physics and Chemistry, University of Strasbourg - CNRS, 23 Rue du Loess, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - O Kornilov
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Gozem
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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2
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Albanito F, McBey D, Harrison M, Smith P, Ehrhardt F, Bhatia A, Bellocchi G, Brilli L, Carozzi M, Christie K, Doltra J, Dorich C, Doro L, Grace P, Grant B, Léonard J, Liebig M, Ludemann C, Martin R, Meier E, Meyer R, De Antoni Migliorati M, Myrgiotis V, Recous S, Sándor R, Snow V, Soussana JF, Smith WN, Fitton N. How Modelers Model: the Overlooked Social and Human Dimensions in Model Intercomparison Studies. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:13485-13498. [PMID: 36052879 PMCID: PMC9494747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing realization that the complexity of model ensemble studies depends not only on the models used but also on the experience and approach used by modelers to calibrate and validate results, which remain a source of uncertainty. Here, we applied a multi-criteria decision-making method to investigate the rationale applied by modelers in a model ensemble study where 12 process-based different biogeochemical model types were compared across five successive calibration stages. The modelers shared a common level of agreement about the importance of the variables used to initialize their models for calibration. However, we found inconsistency among modelers when judging the importance of input variables across different calibration stages. The level of subjective weighting attributed by modelers to calibration data decreased sequentially as the extent and number of variables provided increased. In this context, the perceived importance attributed to variables such as the fertilization rate, irrigation regime, soil texture, pH, and initial levels of soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks was statistically different when classified according to model types. The importance attributed to input variables such as experimental duration, gross primary production, and net ecosystem exchange varied significantly according to the length of the modeler's experience. We argue that the gradual access to input data across the five calibration stages negatively influenced the consistency of the interpretations made by the modelers, with cognitive bias in "trial-and-error" calibration routines. Our study highlights that overlooking human and social attributes is critical in the outcomes of modeling and model intercomparison studies. While complexity of the processes captured in the model algorithms and parameterization is important, we contend that (1) the modeler's assumptions on the extent to which parameters should be altered and (2) modeler perceptions of the importance of model parameters are just as critical in obtaining a quality model calibration as numerical or analytical details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Albanito
- Institute
of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Science, University of Aberdeen, 23 Street Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, U.K.
| | - David McBey
- Institute
of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Science, University of Aberdeen, 23 Street Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, U.K.
| | - Matthew Harrison
- Tasmanian
Institute of Agriculture, University of
Tasmania, Newnham Drive, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute
of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Science, University of Aberdeen, 23 Street Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, U.K.
| | - Fiona Ehrhardt
- INRAE,
CODIR, Paris 75007, France
- RITTMO
AgroEnvironnement, Colmar 68000, France
| | - Arti Bhatia
- ICAR-Indian
Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Gianni Bellocchi
- Université
Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UREP, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Lorenzo Brilli
- CNR-IBE,
National Research Council Institute for the BioEconomy, Via Caproni 8, Florence 50145, Italy
| | - Marco Carozzi
- UMR
ECOSYS, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon 78850, France
| | - Karen Christie
- Tasmanian
Institute of Agriculture, University of
Tasmania, 16-20 Mooreville Road, Burnie, Tasmania 7320, Australia
| | - Jordi Doltra
- Sustainable
Field Crops Programme, Institute of Agrifood
Research and Technology (IRTA) Mas Badia, La Tallada d’Empordà, Girona 17134, Spain
| | - Christopher Dorich
- Natural
Resource Ecology Lab, Colorado
State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, United States
| | - Luca Doro
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Blackland
Research and Extension Center, Temple, Texas 76502, United States
- Desertification Research Centre, University
of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Peter Grace
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Brian Grant
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Joël Léonard
- BioEcoAgro
Joint Research Unit, INRAE, Barenton-Bugny 02000, France
| | - Mark Liebig
- USDA-ARS Northern Great Plains Research
Laboratory, P.O. Box 459, Mandan, North Dakota 58554, United States
| | | | - Raphael Martin
- Université
Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UREP, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Elizabeth Meier
- CSIRO Agriculture
and Food, St
Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Rachelle Meyer
- Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural
Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Massimiliano De Antoni Migliorati
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
- Department of Environment and Science, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | | | - Sylvie Recous
- Université
de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, FARE Laboratory, Reims 51100, France
| | - Renáta Sándor
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research,
ELKH, Martonvásár 2462, Hungary
| | - Val Snow
- AgResearch, P.O. Box 4749, Christchurch 8140, New
Zealand
| | | | - Ward N. Smith
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Nuala Fitton
- Institute
of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Science, University of Aberdeen, 23 Street Machar Drive, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, U.K.
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3
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Bohrdt A, Kim S, Lukin A, Rispoli M, Schittko R, Knap M, Greiner M, Léonard J. Analyzing Nonequilibrium Quantum States through Snapshots with Artificial Neural Networks. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:150504. [PMID: 34678012 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.150504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Current quantum simulation experiments are starting to explore nonequilibrium many-body dynamics in previously inaccessible regimes in terms of system sizes and timescales. Therefore, the question emerges as to which observables are best suited to study the dynamics in such quantum many-body systems. Using machine learning techniques, we investigate the dynamics and, in particular, the thermalization behavior of an interacting quantum system that undergoes a nonequilibrium phase transition from an ergodic to a many-body localized phase. We employ supervised and unsupervised training methods to distinguish nonequilibrium from equilibrium data, using the network performance as a probe for the thermalization behavior of the system. We test our methods with experimental snapshots of ultracold atoms taken with a quantum gas microscope. Our results provide a path to analyze highly entangled large-scale quantum states for system sizes where numerical calculations of conventional observables become challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bohrdt
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Rispoli
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - R Schittko
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Knap
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - M Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Léonard
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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4
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Graf A, Klosterhalfen A, Arriga N, Bernhofer C, Bogena H, Bornet F, Brüggemann N, Brümmer C, Buchmann N, Chi J, Chipeaux C, Cremonese E, Cuntz M, Dušek J, El-Madany TS, Fares S, Fischer M, Foltýnová L, Gharun M, Ghiasi S, Gielen B, Gottschalk P, Grünwald T, Heinemann G, Heinesch B, Heliasz M, Holst J, Hörtnagl L, Ibrom A, Ingwersen J, Jurasinski G, Klatt J, Knohl A, Koebsch F, Konopka J, Korkiakoski M, Kowalska N, Kremer P, Kruijt B, Lafont S, Léonard J, De Ligne A, Longdoz B, Loustau D, Magliulo V, Mammarella I, Manca G, Mauder M, Migliavacca M, Mölder M, Neirynck J, Ney P, Nilsson M, Paul-Limoges E, Peichl M, Pitacco A, Poyda A, Rebmann C, Roland M, Sachs T, Schmidt M, Schrader F, Siebicke L, Šigut L, Tuittila ES, Varlagin A, Vendrame N, Vincke C, Völksch I, Weber S, Wille C, Wizemann HD, Zeeman M, Vereecken H. Altered energy partitioning across terrestrial ecosystems in the European drought year 2018. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190524. [PMID: 32892732 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought and heat events, such as the 2018 European drought, interact with the exchange of energy between the land surface and the atmosphere, potentially affecting albedo, sensible and latent heat fluxes, as well as CO2 exchange. Each of these quantities may aggravate or mitigate the drought, heat, their side effects on productivity, water scarcity and global warming. We used measurements of 56 eddy covariance sites across Europe to examine the response of fluxes to extreme drought prevailing most of the year 2018 and how the response differed across various ecosystem types (forests, grasslands, croplands and peatlands). Each component of the surface radiation and energy balance observed in 2018 was compared to available data per site during a reference period 2004-2017. Based on anomalies in precipitation and reference evapotranspiration, we classified 46 sites as drought affected. These received on average 9% more solar radiation and released 32% more sensible heat to the atmosphere compared to the mean of the reference period. In general, drought decreased net CO2 uptake by 17.8%, but did not significantly change net evapotranspiration. The response of these fluxes differed characteristically between ecosystems; in particular, the general increase in the evaporative index was strongest in peatlands and weakest in croplands. This article is part of the theme issue 'Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Graf
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Anne Klosterhalfen
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany.,Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicola Arriga
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Christian Bernhofer
- Chair of Meteorology, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Straße 23, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Heye Bogena
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Frédéric Bornet
- BioEcoAgro Joint Research Unit, INRAE, Université de Liège, Université de Lille, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 02000 Barenton-Bugny, France
| | - Nicolas Brüggemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Christian Brümmer
- Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstraße 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jinshu Chi
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Italy
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- Unité mixte de Recherche Silva, Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Jiří Dušek
- Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tarek S El-Madany
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Silvano Fares
- National Research Council (NRC), Institute of Bioeconomy, Via dei Taurini 19, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Milan Fischer
- Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Foltýnová
- Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstraße 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shiva Ghiasi
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstraße 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bert Gielen
- University of Antwerp, Plants and Ecosystems, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Pia Gottschalk
- Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Grünwald
- Chair of Meteorology, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Straße 23, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Günther Heinemann
- Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Bernard Heinesch
- Terra Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Avenue de la Faculté, 8, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Michal Heliasz
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jutta Holst
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstraße 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ibrom
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Bygningstorvet 115, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Joachim Ingwersen
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gerald Jurasinski
- Department for Landscape Ecology and Site Evaluation, University of Rostock, Justus von Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Janina Klatt
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Alpin, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Koebsch
- Department for Landscape Ecology and Site Evaluation, University of Rostock, Justus von Liebig Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Konopka
- Climatology and Environmental Meteorology, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mika Korkiakoski
- Climate System Research Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, PO Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalia Kowalska
- Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pascal Kremer
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bart Kruijt
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastien Lafont
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Joël Léonard
- BioEcoAgro Joint Research Unit, INRAE, Université de Liège, Université de Lille, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 02000 Barenton-Bugny, France
| | - Anne De Ligne
- Terra Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Avenue de la Faculté, 8, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bernard Longdoz
- Terra Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Avenue de la Faculté, 8, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Denis Loustau
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Vincenzo Magliulo
- CNR - Institute for Agricultural and Forest Systems, Via Patacca, 85, 80040 Ercolano (Napoli), Italy
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2B, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giovanni Manca
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Matthias Mauder
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Alpin, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Mirco Migliavacca
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Meelis Mölder
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Johan Neirynck
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, INBO, Havenlaan 88 Box 73, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Ney
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mats Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eugénie Paul-Limoges
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstraße 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andrea Pitacco
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Arne Poyda
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Corinna Rebmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Department Computational Hydrosystems, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marilyn Roland
- University of Antwerp, Plants and Ecosystems, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Torsten Sachs
- Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Frederik Schrader
- Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Bundesallee 65, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lukas Siebicke
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ladislav Šigut
- Department of Matter and Energy Fluxes, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, 60300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- Laboratory of Biocentology, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr.33, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nadia Vendrame
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Caroline Vincke
- Environmental Sciences, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ingo Völksch
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Alpin, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Stephan Weber
- Climatology and Environmental Meteorology, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19c, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christian Wille
- Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics, German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Wizemann
- Institute of Physics and Meteorology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthias Zeeman
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Alpin, Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Harry Vereecken
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences: Agrosphere (IBG3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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5
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Agathangelou D, Orozco-Gonzalez Y, Del Carmen Marín M, Roy PP, Brazard J, Kandori H, Jung KH, Léonard J, Buckup T, Ferré N, Olivucci M, Haacke S. Effect of point mutations on the ultrafast photo-isomerization of Anabaena sensory rhodopsin. Faraday Discuss 2019; 207:55-75. [PMID: 29388996 DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00200a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anabaena sensory rhodopsin (ASR) is a particular microbial retinal protein for which light-adaptation leads to the ability to bind both the all-trans, 15-anti (AT) and the 13-cis, 15-syn (13C) isomers of the protonated Schiff base of retinal (PSBR). In the context of obtaining insight into the mechanisms by which retinal proteins catalyse the PSBR photo-isomerization reaction, ASR is a model system allowing to study, within the same protein, the protein-PSBR interactions for two different PSBR conformers at the same time. A detailed analysis of the vibrational spectra of AT and 13C, and their photo-products in wild-type ASR obtained through femtosecond (pump-) four-wave-mixing is reported for the first time, and compared to bacterio- and channelrhodopsin. As part of an extensive study of ASR mutants with blue-shifted absorption spectra, we present here a detailed computational analysis of the origin of the mutation-induced blue-shift of the absorption spectra, and identify electrostatic interactions as dominating steric effects that would entail a red-shift. The excited state lifetimes and isomerization reaction times (IRT) for the three mutants V112N, W76F, and L83Q are studied experimentally by femtosecond broadband transient absorption spectroscopy. Interestingly, in all three mutants, isomerization is accelerated for AT with respect to wild-type ASR, and this the more, the shorter the wavelength of maximum absorption. On the contrary, the 13C photo-reaction is slightly slowed down, leading to an inversion of the ESLs of AT and 13C, with respect to wt-ASR, in the blue-most absorbing mutant L83Q. Possible mechanisms for these mutation effects, and their steric and electrostatic origins are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Agathangelou
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Inst. de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, 67034 Strasbourg, France.
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6
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Ehrhardt F, Soussana JF, Bellocchi G, Grace P, McAuliffe R, Recous S, Sándor R, Smith P, Snow V, de Antoni Migliorati M, Basso B, Bhatia A, Brilli L, Doltra J, Dorich CD, Doro L, Fitton N, Giacomini SJ, Grant B, Harrison MT, Jones SK, Kirschbaum MUF, Klumpp K, Laville P, Léonard J, Liebig M, Lieffering M, Martin R, Massad RS, Meier E, Merbold L, Moore AD, Myrgiotis V, Newton P, Pattey E, Rolinski S, Sharp J, Smith WN, Wu L, Zhang Q. Assessing uncertainties in crop and pasture ensemble model simulations of productivity and N 2 O emissions. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:e603-e616. [PMID: 29080301 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Simulation models are extensively used to predict agricultural productivity and greenhouse gas emissions. However, the uncertainties of (reduced) model ensemble simulations have not been assessed systematically for variables affecting food security and climate change mitigation, within multi-species agricultural contexts. We report an international model comparison and benchmarking exercise, showing the potential of multi-model ensembles to predict productivity and nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions for wheat, maize, rice and temperate grasslands. Using a multi-stage modelling protocol, from blind simulations (stage 1) to partial (stages 2-4) and full calibration (stage 5), 24 process-based biogeochemical models were assessed individually or as an ensemble against long-term experimental data from four temperate grassland and five arable crop rotation sites spanning four continents. Comparisons were performed by reference to the experimental uncertainties of observed yields and N2 O emissions. Results showed that across sites and crop/grassland types, 23%-40% of the uncalibrated individual models were within two standard deviations (SD) of observed yields, while 42 (rice) to 96% (grasslands) of the models were within 1 SD of observed N2 O emissions. At stage 1, ensembles formed by the three lowest prediction model errors predicted both yields and N2 O emissions within experimental uncertainties for 44% and 33% of the crop and grassland growth cycles, respectively. Partial model calibration (stages 2-4) markedly reduced prediction errors of the full model ensemble E-median for crop grain yields (from 36% at stage 1 down to 4% on average) and grassland productivity (from 44% to 27%) and to a lesser and more variable extent for N2 O emissions. Yield-scaled N2 O emissions (N2 O emissions divided by crop yields) were ranked accurately by three-model ensembles across crop species and field sites. The potential of using process-based model ensembles to predict jointly productivity and N2 O emissions at field scale is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Grace
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | | | | | - Renáta Sándor
- UMR Ecosystème Prairial, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- HAS, CAR, Agricultural Institute, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Val Snow
- Lincoln Research Centre, AgResearch, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Bruno Basso
- Department of Geological Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Arti Bhatia
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Jordi Doltra
- Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Center (CIFA), Muriedas, Spain
| | | | - Luca Doro
- Desertification Research Centre, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Nuala Fitton
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Sandro J Giacomini
- Soil Department, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Brian Grant
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Katja Klumpp
- UMR Ecosystème Prairial, INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Patricia Laville
- INRA, UMR ECOSYS, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | | | - Mark Liebig
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Mandan, ND, USA
| | - Mark Lieffering
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerton North, New Zealand
| | | | - Raia S Massad
- INRA, UMR ECOSYS, Université Paris-Saclay, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | | | - Lutz Merbold
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Mazingira Centre, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Andrew D Moore
- Agriculture & Food, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Precinct, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Paul Newton
- AgResearch, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerton North, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Pattey
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Susanne Rolinski
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joanna Sharp
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ward N Smith
- Ottawa Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lianhai Wu
- Sustainable Soils and Grassland Systems, Rothamsted Research, Devon, UK
| | - Qing Zhang
- LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Domeignoz-Horta LA, Philippot L, Peyrard C, Bru D, Breuil MC, Bizouard F, Justes E, Mary B, Léonard J, Spor A. Peaks of in situ N 2 O emissions are influenced by N 2 O-producing and reducing microbial communities across arable soils. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:360-370. [PMID: 28752605 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is the main source of terrestrial N2 O emissions, a potent greenhouse gas and the main cause of ozone depletion. The reduction of N2 O into N2 by microorganisms carrying the nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) is the only known biological process eliminating this greenhouse gas. Recent studies showed that a previously unknown clade of N2 O-reducers (nosZII) was related to the potential capacity of the soil to act as a N2 O sink. However, little is known about how this group responds to different agricultural practices. Here, we investigated how N2 O-producers and N2 O-reducers were affected by agricultural practices across a range of cropping systems in order to evaluate the consequences for N2 O emissions. The abundance of both ammonia-oxidizers and denitrifiers was quantified by real-time qPCR, and the diversity of nosZ clades was determined by 454 pyrosequencing. Denitrification and nitrification potential activities as well as in situ N2 O emissions were also assessed. Overall, greatest differences in microbial activity, diversity, and abundance were observed between sites rather than between agricultural practices at each site. To better understand the contribution of abiotic and biotic factors to the in situ N2 O emissions, we subdivided more than 59,000 field measurements into fractions from low to high rates. We found that the low N2 O emission rates were mainly explained by variation in soil properties (up to 59%), while the high rates were explained by variation in abundance and diversity of microbial communities (up to 68%). Notably, the diversity of the nosZII clade but not of the nosZI clade was important to explain the variation of in situ N2 O emissions. Altogether, these results lay the foundation for a better understanding of the response of N2 O-reducing bacteria to agricultural practices and how it may ultimately affect N2 O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Philippot
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - David Bru
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | | | - Florian Bizouard
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Eric Justes
- AGIR, INPT, INP-PURPAN, INRA, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Ayme Spor
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRA, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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8
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Brilli L, Bechini L, Bindi M, Carozzi M, Cavalli D, Conant R, Dorich CD, Doro L, Ehrhardt F, Farina R, Ferrise R, Fitton N, Francaviglia R, Grace P, Iocola I, Klumpp K, Léonard J, Martin R, Massad RS, Recous S, Seddaiu G, Sharp J, Smith P, Smith WN, Soussana JF, Bellocchi G. Review and analysis of strengths and weaknesses of agro-ecosystem models for simulating C and N fluxes. Sci Total Environ 2017; 598:445-470. [PMID: 28454025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biogeochemical simulation models are important tools for describing and quantifying the contribution of agricultural systems to C sequestration and GHG source/sink status. The abundance of simulation tools developed over recent decades, however, creates a difficulty because predictions from different models show large variability. Discrepancies between the conclusions of different modelling studies are often ascribed to differences in the physical and biogeochemical processes incorporated in equations of C and N cycles and their interactions. Here we review the literature to determine the state-of-the-art in modelling agricultural (crop and grassland) systems. In order to carry out this study, we selected the range of biogeochemical models used by the CN-MIP consortium of FACCE-JPI (http://www.faccejpi.com): APSIM, CERES-EGC, DayCent, DNDC, DSSAT, EPIC, PaSim, RothC and STICS. In our analysis, these models were assessed for the quality and comprehensiveness of underlying processes related to pedo-climatic conditions and management practices, but also with respect to time and space of application, and for their accuracy in multiple contexts. Overall, it emerged that there is a possible impact of ill-defined pedo-climatic conditions in the unsatisfactory performance of the models (46.2%), followed by limitations in the algorithms simulating the effects of management practices (33.1%). The multiplicity of scales in both time and space is a fundamental feature, which explains the remaining weaknesses (i.e. 20.7%). Innovative aspects have been identified for future development of C and N models. They include the explicit representation of soil microbial biomass to drive soil organic matter turnover, the effect of N shortage on SOM decomposition, the improvements related to the production and consumption of gases and an adequate simulations of gas transport in soil. On these bases, the assessment of trends and gaps in the modelling approaches currently employed to represent biogeochemical cycles in crop and grassland systems appears an essential step for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Brilli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, 50144 Florence, Italy; IBIMET-CNR, Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Luca Bechini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bindi
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Carozzi
- INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR1402 EcoSys, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Daniele Cavalli
- Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard Conant
- NREL, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | - Luca Doro
- Desertification Research Centre, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Blackland Research & Extension Center, Temple, (TX), USA
| | | | - Roberta Farina
- CREA-RPS, Research Centre for the Soil-Plant System, Via della Navicella 2-4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrise
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, 50144 Florence, Italy
| | - Nuala Fitton
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, St Machar Drive, AB24 3UU Aberdeen, UK
| | - Rosa Francaviglia
- CREA-RPS, Research Centre for the Soil-Plant System, Via della Navicella 2-4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Peter Grace
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ileana Iocola
- Desertification Research Centre, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Joël Léonard
- INRA, UR 1158 AgroImpact, site de Laon, F-02000 Barenton-Bugny, France
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Seddaiu
- Desertification Research Centre, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Joanna Sharp
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research, 7608 Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, St Machar Drive, AB24 3UU Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ward N Smith
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
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9
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Domeignoz-Horta LA, Spor A, Bru D, Breuil MC, Bizouard F, Léonard J, Philippot L. The diversity of the N2O reducers matters for the N2O:N2 denitrification end-product ratio across an annual and a perennial cropping system. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:971. [PMID: 26441904 PMCID: PMC4585238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture is the main source of terrestrial emissions of N2O, a potent greenhouse gas and the main cause of ozone layer depletion. The reduction of N2O into N2 by microorganisms carrying the nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) is the only biological process known to eliminate this greenhouse gas. Recent studies showed that a previously unknown clade of N2O-reducers was related to the capacity of the soil to act as an N2O sink, opening the way for new strategies to mitigate emissions. Here, we investigated whether the agricultural practices could differently influence the two N2O reducer clades with consequences for denitrification end-products. The abundance of N2O-reducers and producers was quantified by real-time PCR, and the diversity of both nosZ clades was determined by 454 pyrosequencing. Potential N2O production and potential denitrification activity were used to calculate the denitrification gaseous end-product ratio. Overall, the results showed limited differences between management practices but there were significant differences between cropping systems in both the abundance and structure of the nosZII community, as well as in the [rN2O/r(N2O+N2)] ratio. More limited differences were observed in the nosZI community, suggesting that the newly identified nosZII clade is more sensitive than nosZI to environmental changes. Potential denitrification activity and potential N2O production were explained mainly by the soil properties while the diversity of the nosZII clade on its own explained 26% of the denitrification end-product ratio, which highlights the importance of understanding the ecology of this newly identified clade of N2O reducers for mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aymé Spor
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie Dijon, France
| | - David Bru
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie Dijon, France
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10
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Cheminal A, Léonard J, Kim S, Jung KH, Kandori H, Haacke S. Steady state emission of the fluorescent intermediate of Anabaena Sensory Rhodopsin as a function of light adaptation conditions. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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Heiner Z, Roland T, Léonard J, Haacke S, Groma GI. Ultrafast Absorption Kinetics of NADH in Folded and Unfolded Conformations. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134107003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Borel L, Michel M, Léonard J, Jimeno P, Dumitrescu M, Alescio-Lautier B. Effet d’un entraînement cognitif sur le contrôle postural chez la personne âgée. Neurophysiol Clin 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2012.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Roland T, Léonard J, Hernandez Ramirez G, Méry S, Yurchenko O, Ludwigs S, Haacke S. Sub-100 fs charge transfer in a novel donor–acceptor–donor triad organized in a smectic film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:273-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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14
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Roland T, Ramirez GH, Léonard J, Méry S, Haacke S. Ultrafast broadband laser spectroscopy reveals energy and charge transfer in novel donor-acceptor triads for photovoltaic applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/276/1/012006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Léonard J, Gelot T, Torgasin K, Haacke S. Ultrafast fluorescence spectroscopy of biologically relevant chromophores using type II difference frequency generation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/277/1/012017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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16
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Léonard J, Sharma D, Szafarowicz B, Torgasin K, Haacke S. Formation dynamics and nature of tryptophan's primary photoproduct in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:15744-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00615g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Buggle C, Léonard J, von Klitzing W, Walraven JTM. Interferometric determination of the s and d-wave scattering amplitudes in 87Rb. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:173202. [PMID: 15525074 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.173202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an interference method to determine the low-energy elastic scattering amplitudes of a quantum gas. We linearly accelerate two ultracold atomic clouds up to energies of 1.2 mK and observe the collision halo by direct imaging in free space. From the interference between s- and d- partial waves in the differential scattering pattern we extract the corresponding phase shifts. The method does not require knowledge of the atomic density. This allows us to infer accurate values for the s- and d-wave scattering amplitudes from the zero-energy limit up to the first Ramsauer minimum using only the van der Waals C6 coefficient as theoretical input. For the 87Rb triplet potential, the method reproduces the scattering length with an accuracy of 6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Buggle
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Léonard J, Walhout M, Mosk AP, Müller T, Leduc M, Cohen-Tannoudji C. Giant helium dimers produced by photoassociation of ultracold metastable atoms. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:073203. [PMID: 12935015 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.073203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2003] [Revised: 06/19/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We produce giant, purely long-range helium dimers by photoassociation of metastable helium atoms in a magnetically trapped, ultracold cloud. The photoassociation laser is detuned close to the atomic 2(3)S1-2(3)P0 line and produces strong heating of the sample when resonant with molecular bound states. The temperature of the cloud serves as an indicator of the molecular spectrum. We report good agreement between our spectroscopic measurements and our calculations of the five bound states belonging to a 0(+)(u) purely long-range potential well. These previously unobserved states have classical inner turning points of about 150a(0) and outer turning points as large as 1150a(0).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Léonard
- Ecole Normale Supérieure and Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France
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19
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Hist Sci Med 2001; 17:141-6. [PMID: 11629035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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20
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Charle C, Léonard J. [Not Available]. Ann Econ Soc Civilis 2001; 34:787-93. [PMID: 11631499 DOI: 10.3406/ahess.1979.294087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
La thèse de J. Léonard sur les médecins de l'Ouest au xixe siècle confirme une évolution déjà sensible depuis quelques années des sujets de thèse d'histoire sociale. Les auteurs délaissent de plus en plus le découpage régional ou départemental au profit d'un découpage professionnel ou catégoriel. L'auteur n'a pas cru pouvoir cependant s'affranchir totalement du cadre régional. L'introduction (p. 2) explique pourquoi. Le premier sujet, déposé en décembre 1959, avait pour intitulé « Les médecins dans la vie française'au xixe siècle ». Le second intitulé (en 1968) s'est restreint à l'Ouest, par suite de l'immensité de l'ignorance sur le thème et du désir légitime de J. Léonard de présenter une analyse concrète et non purement statistique d'un groupe de médecins enracinés localement.
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21
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Hist Sci Med 2001; 14:453-8. [PMID: 11629107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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22
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Hist Sci Med 2001; 17:290-3. [PMID: 11612241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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23
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Histoire 2001; 4:15-23. [PMID: 11632152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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24
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Ann Econ Soc Civilis 2001; 32:887-907. [PMID: 11631492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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25
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Histoire 2001; 12:78-80. [PMID: 11632142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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26
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Histoire 2001:99-103. [PMID: 11635149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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27
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Hist Sci Med 2001; 22:289-95. [PMID: 11638085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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28
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Sci Tech Perspect 2001; 10:66-77. [PMID: 11635941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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29
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Third Repub 2001; 5:94-113. [PMID: 11633371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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30
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Bull Sect Hist Mod Contemp 2001:37-58. [PMID: 11634698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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31
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Pereira Dos Santos F, Léonard J, Wang J, Barrelet CJ, Perales F, Rasel E, Unnikrishnan CS, Leduc M, Cohen-Tannoudji C. Bose-Einstein condensation of metastable helium. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:3459-3462. [PMID: 11327998 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have observed a Bose-Einstein condensate in a dilute gas of 4He in the (3)2S(1) metastable state. We find a critical temperature of (4.7+/-0.5) microK and a typical number of atoms at the threshold of 8 x 10(6). The maximum number of atoms in our condensate is about 5 x 10(5). An approximate value for the scattering length a = (16+/-8) nm is measured. The mean elastic collision rate at threshold is then estimated to be about 2 x 10(4) s(-1), indicating that we are deeply in the hydrodynamic regime. The typical decay time of the condensate is 2 s, which places an upper bound on the rate constants for two-body and three-body inelastic collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pereira Dos Santos
- Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Gustave Dit Duflo S, Borel L, Harlay F, Léonard J, Lacour M. Short-term changes in neck muscle and eye movement responses following unilateral vestibular neurectomy in the cat. Exp Brain Res 1998; 120:439-49. [PMID: 9655229 DOI: 10.1007/s002210050417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in neck muscle and eye movement responses during the early stages of vestibular compensation (first 3 weeks after unilateral vestibular neurectomy, UVN). Electromyographic (EMG) activity from antagonist neck extensor (splenius capitis) and flexor (longus capitis) muscles and eye movements were recorded during sinusoidal visual and/or otolith vertical linear stimulations in the 0.05-1 Hz frequency range (corresponding acceleration range 0.003-1.16 g) in the head-fixed alert cat. Preoperative EMG activity from the splenius and longus capitis muscles showed a pattern of alternate activation of the antagonist neck muscles in all the cats. After UVN, two motor strategies were observed. For three of the seven cats, the temporal activation of the individual neck muscles was the same as that recorded before UVN. For the other four cats, UVN resulted in a pattern of coactivation of the flexor and extensor neck muscles because of a phase change of the splenius capitis. In both subgroups, the response patterns of the antagonist neck muscles were consistent for each cat independently of the experimental conditions, throughout the 3 weeks of testing. Cats displaying alternate activation of antagonist neck muscles showed an enhanced gain of the visually induced neck responses, particularly in the high range of stimulus frequency, and a gain decrease in the otolith-induced neck responses at the lowest frequency (0.25 Hz) only. By contrast, for cats with neck muscle coactivation, the gain of the visually induced neck responses was basically unaffected relative to preoperative values, whereas otolith-induced neck responses were considerably decreased in the whole range of stimulation. As concerns oculomotor responses, results in the two subgroups of cats were similar. The optokinetic responses were not affected by the vestibular lesion. On the contrary, otolith-induced eye responses showed a gain reduction and a phase lead. Deficits and short-term changes after UVN of otolith- and semicircular canal-evoked collic and ocular responses are compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gustave Dit Duflo
- UMR 6562 Neurobiologie Intégrative et Adaptative, Université de Provence/CNRS, Marseille, France
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de Meester A, Léonard J, Chenu P, Marchandise B. [Myocardial revascularization using Vineberg's procedure; 23 years follow-up]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1994; 87:1247-1248. [PMID: 7646241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The authors report the case of a patient followed up for 23 years after a double myocardial implantation of the internal mammary arteries (Vineberg technique) for unstable angina. The result of this procedure of surgical revascularisation has been very satisfactory to date. The authors believe this to be the longest follow-up reported in the medical literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Meester
- Service de cardiologie, hôpital de Jolimont, Haine-Saint-Paul
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Persch M, Abrar D, Léonard J, Bonhomme JP, Simon E, Gillet JY. [Medical interruption of pregnancy. Indications and techniques. Critical study and reflections on 324 cases]. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 1992; 87:70-5. [PMID: 1570457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study of 324 cases highlights the difficulties encountered in identifying indications for medical pregnancy terminations (MPTs) which are permitted by French law and medically justified. In addition, the ethical problems raised do not facilitate the decision to opt for a MPT, which must be made by a multi-disciplinary committee. The methods used to evaluate the pregnancy are largely surgical during the first three months, and these are succeeded during the next six months by medical methods involving the use of synthetic prostaglandins. The complications which may occur are far from minor. The various protocols used by the authors are described together with their results and complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Persch
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et de Médecine de la Reproduction, Hôpital Saint-Roch, Nice
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Gabaude B, Constantopoulos P, Benoit B, Raynal C, Léonard J, Gillet JY. [Value of ultrasonics in acute pelvic infections]. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 1987; 82:471-80. [PMID: 3313650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sonograms performed in 228 women admitted for acute pelvic infection has enabled to find a normal image in 39.9% of the cases. In order of frequency, the abnormalities include: endometrial alterations (31.1%), one (or several) pelvic masses (25.9%) and a collection in the Douglas cul-de-sac (22.8%). The main advantage of the examination in the acute phase is the diagnosis and the study of the mass structure: most of the time, it concerns a "mixed" or heterogeneous aspect, for all of the images of a mass, as well as for images corresponding to a tubo-adnexal collection. The major critic of this examination is the lack of specificity of the images which are very diversified. The risk of confusion with another pathology (gynecological or, exceptionally gastro-intestinal) must be decreased with an examination of good quality and comparison with the clinical context. The presumption of a tubo-adnexal collection cannot, in most cases, be established with certainty. However, the Echography guides the diagnosis by showing an anechogenous image or a particular aspect (Douglas abscess, huge septated images of sequelae) and remains more reliable than clinic to detect the mass (44% of false negative, clinically) and follow the evolution of the disease. The therapeutic advantage is also mentioned, but the tap of an abscess under sonogram guidance is seldom performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gabaude
- Service Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Saint-Roch, Nice
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Rev Synth 1983; 104:29-52. [PMID: 11631066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Hist Reflect 1982; 9:69-81. [PMID: 11632130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Rev Hist Mod Contemp 1980; 27:501-516. [PMID: 11632957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Léonard J. [Not Available]. Rev Hist Mod Contemp 1980; 27:501-516. [PMID: 11635727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Léonard J, Malhotra SL. Polymerization of α-Methylstyrene in Tetrahydrofuran with Potassium as Initiator. II. Gel-Permeation Chromatographic Analyses of Polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1977. [DOI: 10.1080/00222337708061339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Léonard J. [Implementing a regional health system: the viewpoint of the Sécurité Sociale]. Cah Sociol Demogr Med 1973; 13:34-7. [PMID: 4718349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Ivin K, Léonard J. The effect of polymer concentration on the equilibrium monomer concentration for the anionic polymerization of α-methylstyrene in tetrahydrofuran. Eur Polym J 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(70)90166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Léonard J, Sonnet J. [Variations of blood iron and siderophilin in liver diseases in Congolese]. Rev Med Chir Mal Foie 1966; 41:75-100. [PMID: 5932054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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