1
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Carolan D, Richter C, Thorborg K, Franklyn-Miller A, O'Donovan J, Mc Donald C, King E. Hip and Groin Pain Prevalence and Prediction in Elite Gaelic Games: 2703 Male Athletes Across Two Seasons. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:924-932. [PMID: 35108419 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hip and groin pain is highly prevalent in sub-elite Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) athletes, but its prevalence at the elite level is unknown. The aims of this study were to report hip and groin pain prevalence in elite male athletes, to report changes in Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) across two seasons and to assess if previous hip and groin pain or pre-season HAGOS could predict future hip and groin pain. METHODS During the 2017 and 2018 pre-season male Gaelic Players Association (GPA) playing members were invited to complete two questionnaires. The first questionnaire collected demographic information including age, GAA code played (Gaelic football or Hurling) and prevalence of hip and groin pain in the previous season. The second questionnaire was the HAGOS. Step-wise logistic regression models were fitted to HAGOS subscales, to examine if pre-season HAGOS subscale scores could predict future hip and groin pain. RESULTS The prevalence of hip and groin pain across the elite GAA cohort was 38%. Hip and groin pain in the previous season was the strongest predictor of future hip and groin pain (r2 =0.19, AUC=0.73, 95% CI 1.76-2.27) whereas pre-season HAGOS subscale scores had limited and no additional predictive ability (AUC 0.05-0.18). CONCLUSIONS Hip and groin pain prevalence is high in elite male GAA, with one in three athletes reporting pain. Previous season hip and groin pain is the strongest predictor of future hip and groin pain, while pre-season HAGOS scores have limited ability to predict future hip and groin pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Carolan
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Richter
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Thorborg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C), Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Physical Therapy, Physical Medicine & Amp; Rehabilitation Research - Copenhagen (PMR-C), Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - A Franklyn-Miller
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J O'Donovan
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,Gaelic Players Association Safety and Welfare Committee, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Mc Donald
- Gaelic Players Association Safety and Welfare Committee, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E King
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, Roehampton, UK
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2
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Schuster-Bruce J, Shetty P, O'Donovan J, Mandavia R, Sokdavy T, Bhutta M. 35 Comparative Performance of Prediction Model, Non-Expert and Tele-Diagnosis of Common External and Middle Ear Disease Using A Patient Cohort from Cambodia That Included One Hundred and Thirty-Eight Ears. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab135.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Globally 6% of the population suffers from disabling hearing loss and the majority resides in low- and middle-income countries, but diagnosis and treatment are hampered by poor availability of expert diagnosis. We compared the utility of tele-diagnosis, non-expert diagnosis, and prediction model diagnosis as a screening tool for common external and middle ear disorders.
Method
We recruited consecutive adult and paediatric patients presenting with ear or hearing symptoms to ENT outpatients at Children’s Surgical Centre, Cambodia. Each participant underwent sequential symptomatic and otoscopic assessment by a non-specialist and an ENT specialist. The non-specialist captured data using a novel automated symptom questionnaire loaded onto a smartphone otoscope. An ENT specialist in the UK subsequently reviewed these data.
Results
138 ears were recruited. The prediction model performed poorly, but absence of otorrhoea was found to reliably exclude a diagnosis of chronic suppurative otitis media (negative predictive value=0.99). Both on-site non-expert and expert tele-diagnosis had high diagnostic specificity (90-99% and 86-99%), but low sensitivity (<43% and 32-100%).
Conclusions
We report the first study to directly compare approaches for non-specialist diagnosis of disorders of the middle/external ear, which shows suboptimal but comparable performance using an automated questionnaire, on site non-expert diagnosis, or remote expert diagnosis
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Shetty
- Worthing Hospital, Wothing, United Kingdom
| | - J O'Donovan
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - R Mandavia
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Sokdavy
- Children's Surgical Centre, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - M Bhutta
- Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, United Kingdom
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3
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Ní Shé É, McCarthy M, O'Donnell D, Collins O, Hughes G, Salter N, Cogan L, O'Donoghue C, McGrath E, O'Donovan J, Patton A, McAuliffe E, O'Shea D, Cooney MT. The systematic approach to improving care for Frail Older Patients (SAFE) study: A protocol for co-designing a frail older person's pathway. HRB Open Res 2018; 1:9. [PMID: 32002503 PMCID: PMC6973535 DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.12804.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Frailty is the age-accelerated decline across multiple organ systems which leads to vulnerability to poor resolution of homeostasis after a stressor event. This loss of reserve means that a minor illness can result in a disproportionate loss of functional ability. Improving acute care for frail older patients is now a national priority and an important aspect of the National Programme for Older People in Ireland. Evidence suggests that an interdisciplinary approach incorporating rapid comprehensive geriatric assessment and early intervention by an interdisciplinary team can reduces susceptibility to hospitalisation related functional decline. The aim of the Systematic Approach to Improving Care for Frail Older Patients (SAFE) is to develop and explore the process of implementing a model of excellence in the delivery of patient-centred integrated care within the context of frail older people’s acute admissions. Methods: The SAFE study will employ a mixed methodology approach, including a rapid realist review of the current literature alongside a review of baseline data for older people attending the emergency department. Semi-structured interviews will be undertaken to document the current pathway. The intervention processes and outcomes will be jointly co-designed by a patient and public involvement (PPI) group together with the interdisciplinary healthcare professionals from hospital, community and rehabilitation settings. Successive rounds of Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles will then be undertaken to test and refine the pathway for full implementation. Discussion: This research project will result in a plan for implementing an integrated, patient-centred pathway for acute care of the frail older people which has been tested in the Irish setting. During the process of development, each element of the new pathway will be tested in turn to ensure that patient centred outcomes are being realised. This will ensure the resulting model of care is ready for implementation in the context of the Irish health service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éidín Ní Shé
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland
| | - Mary McCarthy
- Older Person's Empowerment Network and Patient and Public Involvement Representative in Healthcare at the Health Service Executive, Dublin, D8, Ireland
| | - Deirdre O'Donnell
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland
| | - Orla Collins
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland
| | - Graham Hughes
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland
| | - Nigel Salter
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland
| | - Lisa Cogan
- Royal Hospital Donnybrook, Dublin, D4, Ireland
| | | | - Emmet McGrath
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland
| | - John O'Donovan
- Health Service Executive , Dun Laoghaire, County Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Patton
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland
| | - Eilish McAuliffe
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland
| | - Diarmuid O'Shea
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland
| | - Marie Therese Cooney
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, D4, Ireland
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4
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Ní Shé É, McCarthy M, O'Donnell D, Collins O, Hughes G, Salter N, Cogan L, O'Donoghue C, McGrath E, O'Donovan J, Patton A, McAuliffe E, O'Shea D, Cooney MT. The systematic approach to improving care for Frail Older Patients (SAFE) study: A protocol for co-designing a frail older person’s pathway. HRB Open Res 2018. [DOI: 10.12688/hrbopenres.12804.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Frailty is the age-accelerated decline across multiple organ systems which leads to vulnerability to poor resolution of homeostasis after a stressor event. This loss of reserve means that a minor illness can result in a disproportionate loss of functional ability. Improving acute care for frail older patients is now a national priority and an important aspect of the National Programme for Older People in Ireland. Evidence suggests that an interdisciplinary approach incorporating rapid comprehensive geriatric assessment and early intervention by an interdisciplinary team can reduces susceptibility to hospitalisation related functional decline. The aim of the Systematic Approach to Improving Care for Frail Older Patients (SAFE) is to develop and explore the process of implementing a model of excellence in the delivery of patient-centred integrated care within the context of frail older people’s acute admissions. Methods: The SAFE study will employ a mixed methodology approach, including a rapid realist review of the current literature alongside a review of baseline data for older people attending the emergency department. Semi-structured interviews will be undertaken to document the current pathway. The intervention processes and outcomes will be jointly co-designed by a patient and public involvement (PPI) group together with the interdisciplinary healthcare professionals from hospital, community and rehabilitation settings. Successive rounds of Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles will then be undertaken to test and refine the pathway for full implementation. Discussion: This research project will result in a plan for implementing an integrated, patient-centred pathway for acute care of the frail older people which has been tested in the Irish setting. During the process of development, each element of the new pathway will be tested in turn to ensure that patient centred outcomes are being realised. This will ensure the resulting model of care is ready for implementation in the context of the Irish health service.
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5
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Berry DP, Wolfe A, O'Donovan J, Byrne N, Sayers RG, Dodds KG, McEwan JC, O'Connor RE, McClure M, Purfield DC. Characterization of an X-chromosomal non-mosaic monosomy (59, X0) dairy heifer detected using routinely available single nucleotide polymorphism genotype data1. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:1042-1049. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. P. Berry
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - A. Wolfe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J. O'Donovan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Model Farm Road, Cork, T12 XD51, Ireland
| | - N. Byrne
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - R. G. Sayers
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - K. G. Dodds
- Department of Agriculture, AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel 9092, New Zealand
| | - J. C. McEwan
- Department of Agriculture, AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel 9092, New Zealand
| | - R. E. O'Connor
- Department of Agriculture, University of Kent, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7AF, UK
| | - M. McClure
- Department of Agriculture, Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, Bandon, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - D. C. Purfield
- Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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6
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Marusich LR, Bakdash JZ, Onal E, Yu MS, Schaffer J, O'Donovan J, Höllerer T, Buchler N, Gonzalez C. Effects of Information Availability on Command-and-Control Decision Making: Performance, Trust, and Situation Awareness. Hum Factors 2016; 58:301-321. [PMID: 26822796 DOI: 10.1177/0018720815619515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated how increases in task-relevant information affect human decision-making performance, situation awareness (SA), and trust in a simulated command-and-control (C2) environment. BACKGROUND Increased information is often associated with an improvement of SA and decision-making performance in networked organizations. However, previous research suggests that increasing information without considering the task relevance and the presentation can impair performance. METHOD We used a simulated C2 task across two experiments. Experiment 1 varied the information volume provided to individual participants and measured the speed and accuracy of decision making for task performance. Experiment 2 varied information volume and information reliability provided to two participants acting in different roles and assessed decision-making performance, SA, and trust between the paired participants. RESULTS In both experiments, increased task-relevant information volume did not improve task performance. In Experiment 2, increased task-relevant information volume reduced self-reported SA and trust, and incorrect source reliability information led to poorer task performance and SA. CONCLUSION These results indicate that increasing the volume of information, even when it is accurate and task relevant, is not necessarily beneficial to decision-making performance. Moreover, it may even be detrimental to SA and trust among team members. APPLICATION Given the high volume of available and shared information and the safety-critical and time-sensitive nature of many decisions, these results have implications for training and system design in C2 domains. To avoid decrements to SA, interpersonal trust, and decision-making performance, information presentation within C2 systems must reflect human cognitive processing limits and capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Marusich
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MarylandSA Technologies, Inc., Marietta, GeorgiaCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraU.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MarylandCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Emrah Onal
- SA Technologies, Inc., Marietta, Georgia
| | - Michael S Yu
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James Schaffer
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MarylandSA Technologies, Inc., Marietta, GeorgiaCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraU.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MarylandCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John O'Donovan
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MarylandSA Technologies, Inc., Marietta, GeorgiaCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaUniversity of California, Santa BarbaraU.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MarylandCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Norbou Buchler
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
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7
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O'Donovan J. An introduction to orthodontics, 4th edition. Br Dent J 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Bradshaw B, Mooney J, Ross PJ, Furphy C, O'Donovan J, Sanchez C, Gomez-Parada M, Toolan D. Schmallenberg virus cases identified in Ireland. Vet Rec 2013. [PMID: 23180713 DOI: 10.1136/vr.e7928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Sayers G, Good B, Hanrahan JP, O'Donovan J, Mulcahy G, Sweeney T. Breed differences in mucosal and systemic antibody response to nematode infection in sheep: an important role for IgE? Parasitology 2007; 135:71-80. [PMID: 17903317 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182007003630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThis study compared the immunological and biochemical responses of co-grazed Suffolk and Texel lambs to a natural gastrointestinal nematode infection. Variables analysed included serum pepsinogen, total protein, albumin, haematological variables and nematode-specific serum immunoglobulin activity, at 11, 14 and 17 weeks of age. At 17 weeks, randomly selected lambs were necropsied to determine worm burdens, nematode-specific mucosal abomasal and intestinal immunoglobulin activity. Nematode burden, faecal egg count and pepsinogen concentrations were significantly higher in Suffolks relative to Texels, at all 3 time-points investigated. Suffolks displayed significantly higher erythrocyte, total leukocyte, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, mean cell volume and packed cell volume, than Texels (P<0·01). However, breed differences in eosinophil counts were not significant. While serum nematode-specific antibody activity levels were significantly higher (P<0·001) in Texels for all isotypes measured, antibody activity levels at a mucosal level were equivalent in both breeds. Correlation analysis of mucosal antibody levels and nematode variables highlighted a more consistent pattern of events in Texels, with more mucosal antibodies negatively correlated with FEC and worm burden, in comparison to Suffolks. In particular, an important role for mucosal IgE is proposed. In Texels, a significant and negative correlation was identified between IgE and faecal egg counts and worm burden (FEC: −0·48, P<0·005). This was not observed in Suffolks. The evidence suggests that susceptibility in Suffolks may be mediated through poor IgE affinity/avidity and/or through deficiencies in related mechanisms such as mast cell production, recruitment or activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sayers
- School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, UCD, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
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10
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Abstract
BACKGROUND While the adult form of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) has been associated with an elevated rate of affective disturbance, the myeloneuropathic form of the disease known as adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) has been associated with only occasional cases of major mental illness. Given that cerebral involvement occurs in up to half of AMN sufferers, we hypothesized that rates of mental illness may match those with adult ALD. OBJECTIVE To describe the psychiatric, cognitive, and disability variables in a sample of Australian AMN sufferers. METHODS Ten genetically confirmed AMN sufferers underwent diagnostic psychiatric interview (Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition Axis I Disorders), rating scales of psychiatric disturbance (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, and Short-Form 36), and cognitive function (the Neuropsychiatry Unit Cognitive Assessment Tool and Mini-Mental State Examination). RESULTS While the group as a whole was generally cognitively intact, it demonstrated a higher than expected prevalence of lifetime and current major affective illness. Current symptom levels were low at the time of study participation. Psychopathology did not relate to adrenal status, nor to level of physical or functional impairment. CONCLUSION This small sample suggests that the level of psychiatric morbidity in AMN patients is elevated, and the rate of affective disturbance approaches those of adult ALD sufferers. This may reflect that AMN is not a "pure" myeloneuropathy, and that mild cerebral involvement may be associated with affective illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Walterfang
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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11
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Abstract
Langerhan's cell histiocytosis (LCH) has been described as a progressive neurological disorder marked by neurological and cognitive decline. The authors here report a case of a childhood LCH sufferer who made a significant recovery of neuropsychological function in the absence of motor recovery in late adolescence. This differential recovery of motor and cognitive functioning may relate to the interaction between LCH and childhood and adolescent neurodevelopmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ryan
- Neuropsychiatry Unit, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Arca MJ, Corpron C, Long F, O'Donovan J. Migrating calcified enterolith and chronic anemia: an unusual case presentation of a Meckel's diverticulum. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2004; 14:432-4. [PMID: 15630649 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-821139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Meckel's diverticulum is the most common congenital anomaly of the small intestine, occurring in about 2 % of the population. The most common complications associated with a Meckel's diverticulum include obstruction, bleeding, and inflammation (7, 9, 11, 18-20). The estimated lifetime risk of developing symptoms with a Meckel's diverticulum is 4-6 % (16), with the risks of complications decreasing with age. Stones within Meckel's diverticulum are recognized as a rare complication in the adult population (13,15). However, it has not been reported in the pediatric age group. The authors describe a 19-month-old male who presented with intermittent abdominal pain and vomiting, chronic microcytic anemia and a calcified stone in the lower abdomen, who was found to have a Meckel's enterolith.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Arca
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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13
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Parry JM, Parry EM, Bourner R, Doherty A, Ellard S, O'Donovan J, Hoebee B, de Stoppelaar JM, Mohn GR, Onfelt A, Renglin A, Schultz N, Söderpalm-Berndes C, Jensen KG, Kirsch-Volders M, Elhajouji A, Van Hummelen P, Degrassi F, Antoccia A, Cimini D, Izzo M, Tanzarella C, Adler ID, Kliesch U, Hess P. The detection and evaluation of aneugenic chemicals. Mutat Res 1996; 353:11-46. [PMID: 8692188 DOI: 10.1016/0027-5107(95)00242-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Although aneuploidy makes a significant contribution to both somatic and inherited disease the mechanisms by which environmental chemicals may induce numerical chromosome aberrations are only poorly defined. The European Union Project was aimed to further our understanding of those chemical interactions with the components of the mitotic and meiotic cell division cycle which may lead to aneuploidy and to characterise the parameters such as cellular metabolism which may influence the activity of aneugenic chemicals. C-mitosis can be induced by the highly lipophilic polychlorinated biphenyl and the completion of mitosis and cleavage can be modified by agents which deplete cellular levels of reduced glutathione. Modifications of the fidelity of chromosome segregation were produced by inhibiting the functioning of topoisomerase II during chromatid separation. In contrast, the modification of centromere integrity resulted in chromosome breakage as opposed to disturbance of segregation. Modifiers of tubulin assembly and centriolar functioning in somatic cells such as acrylamide, vinblastine and diazepam reproduced their activity in rodent bone marrow and male germ cells. The analysis of chromosome malsegregation in Aspergillus nidulans by a structurally related series of halogenated hydrocarbons was used to develop a QSAR model which had high predictive value for the results of fungal tests for previously untested related chemicals. Metabolic studies of potential aneugens in genetically engineered human lymphoblastoid cells demonstrated the detoxification of the aneugenic activity of chloral hydrate and the activation of 2,3-dichlorobutane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and trichloroethylene by Phase I biotransforming enzymes. Cell transformation studies in Syrian hamster dermal cultures using a panel of 22 reference and or potential aneugens indicated that 15 of the 22 produced positive results following single exposures. Five of the aneugens which were negative following single exposures produced positive results where cultures were continuously exposed for up to 6 weeks to low concentrations following a single non-transforming exposure to the mutagen dimethyl sulphate. The transformation studies indicate that a significant proportion of chemical aneugens are potential complete carcinogens and/or co-carcinogens. To optimise the enumeration of chromosomes following exposure to potential chemical aneugens whole chromosome paints and centromere specific probes suitable for use in fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) were developed for the rat, mouse and Chinese hamster and selected human probes evaluated for their suitability for routine use. Molecular chromosome probes were used to develop protocols for enumerating chromosomes in metaphase cells and centromeres and micronuclei in interphase cells. The analysis of segregation of specific centromeres in binucleate cells following cytochalasin B treatment was shown to be a potentially valuable system for characterising non-disjunction following chemical exposure. Whole chromosome paints and centromere specific probes were used to demonstrate the presence of dose-response thresholds following treatment with a reference panel of spindle inhibiting chemicals. These data indicate that the FISH technology is suitable for evaluating the relative hazards of low-dose exposures to aneugenic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Parry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, UK
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14
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Cocks J, Jones R, Kernutt R, O'Donovan J. The successful conservative management of high-output entero-cutaneous fistulae. Aust N Z J Surg 1973; 43:140-3. [PMID: 4218759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1973.tb07327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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