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Costa A, Câmara G, de Arriaga MT, Nogueira P, Miguel JP. Active and Healthy Aging After COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal and Other European Countries: Time to Rethink Strategies and Foster Action. Front Public Health 2021; 9:700279. [PMID: 34277558 PMCID: PMC8283528 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.700279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The population aging in Europe imposes challenges to societies that require adaptations and responses at various levels to minimize impacts and figuring out opportunities. Portugal has been committed to the World Health Organization and European Union's values and policy frameworks concerning active and healthy aging. In 2017, an inter-ministerial working group developed the National Strategy for Active and Healthy Aging. In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic that exposed the vulnerabilities of older populations, the launch of the Decade of Healthy Aging 2021-2030 and its baseline report and the 2018 Active Aging Index Analytical Report may constitute an opportunity to strategically think about the aging of the population as a national purpose in Portugal and in the other European countries that face similar challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Costa
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), Nursing School of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gisele Câmara
- Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre of Lisbon (CIDNUR), Nursing School of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel Telo de Arriaga
- Direção-Geral da Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Lisboa, Portugal
- CRC-W – Católica Research Centre for Psychological, Family and Social Wellbeing, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo Nogueira
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Biomatemática, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Pereira Miguel
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Rodrigues AP, Gaio V, Kislaya I, Graff-Iversen S, Cordeiro E, Silva AC, Namorado S, Barreto M, Gil AP, Antunes L, Santos A, Miguel JP, Nunes B, Dias CM. Sociodemographic disparities in hypertension prevalence: Results from the first Portuguese National Health Examination Survey. Rev Port Cardiol 2019; 38:547-555. [PMID: 31708247 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of death and disability worldwide, and hypertension is responsible for at least 45% of all deaths due to heart disease and 51% of deaths due to stroke. This study aimed to estimate and describe the distribution of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in the Portuguese population in 2015. METHODS A national survey using a representative sample of 4911 individuals residing in Portugal and aged between 25 and 74 years was implemented. Trained nurses performed a health interview and a physical examination, including blood pressure measurement (right arm, three measurements at 1-min intervals). The prevalence of hypertension was stratified by gender, age group, marital status, education, occupation and type of residential area. Associations between hypertension prevalence and sociodemographic factors were assessed using bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression. RESULTS The overall hypertension prevalence was 36.0%. The highest rates were observed in males (39.6%), in individuals aged between 65 and 74 years (71.3%), and in those with low levels of education (62.6%) and with no formal occupation (64.5%). Among hypertensive individuals, 69.8% were aware of their condition and 69.4% were under treatment, of whom 71.3% were controlled. Rates of awareness and medical treatment were significantly higher among women and older individuals. CONCLUSIONS A large majority of the adult Portuguese population are likely to reach blood pressure levels defined as hypertension in adulthood. Significant differences in hypertension prevalence were found according to gender, age and socioeconomic status, which highlights the importance of population strategies in public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Rodrigues
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Vânia Gaio
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Irina Kislaya
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Eugénio Cordeiro
- Departamento de Saúde Pública, Administração Regional de Saúde do Centro, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Clara Silva
- Instituto de Administração da Saúde e Assuntos Sociais, Secretaria Regional de Saúde da Região Autónoma da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sónia Namorado
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Barreto
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública (CISP/NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Gil
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências Sociais, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liliana Antunes
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Santos
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Pereira Miguel
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Baltazar Nunes
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública (CISP/NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos Matias Dias
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal; Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública (CISP/NOVA), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Rodrigues AP, Gaio V, Kislaya I, Graff-Iversen S, Cordeiro E, Silva AC, Namorado S, Barreto M, Gil AP, Antunes L, Santos A, Miguel JP, Nunes B, Dias CM. Sociodemographic disparities in hypertension prevalence: Results from the first Portuguese National Health Examination Survey. Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Heitor Dos Santos MJ, Moreira S, Carreiras J, Cooper C, Smeed M, Reis MDF, Pereira Miguel J. Portuguese version of a stress and well-being evaluation tool (ASSET)at the workplace: validation of the psychometric properties. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e018401. [PMID: 29440211 PMCID: PMC5829846 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this work was to translate the English version of ASSET (A Shortened Stress Evaluation Tool) into the Portuguese version and to validate its psychometric properties. Additionally, this work tested the convergent validity of the instrument. METHODS The translation and retroversion were conducted by experts and submitted to the authors for approval. Within an observational, cross-sectional study, regarding mental health at the workplace, ASSET together with other scales was applied to a sample of 405 participants. The psychometric validity of the subscales was studied using confirmatory factorial analysis. RESULTS The factorial structure of ASSET is globally supported by the results, with the Perceptions of Your Job and Attitudes Towards your Organisation subscales requiring slight adjustments in the item structure and the Your Health subscales replicating the original structure. The convergent validity also supports the ASSET, showing that all subscales are significantly correlated with variables used to test convergence. CONCLUSIONS Globally, the results constitute an important contribution to ASSET and open the possibility of its usage among Portuguese-speaking countries. The results provide an evidence on the validity of the instrument and, in particular, of the mental and physical health subscales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Heitor Dos Santos
- Institute of Preventive Medicine & Public Health (IMP&SP) and Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMUL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Moreira
- Institute of Preventive Medicine & Public Health (IMP&SP) and Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMUL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Carreiras
- Institute of Preventive Medicine & Public Health (IMP&SP) and Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cary Cooper
- Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Robertson Cooper Ltd, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Smeed
- Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Robertson Cooper Ltd, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria de Fátima Reis
- Institute of Preventive Medicine & Public Health (IMP&SP) and Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMUL), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Pereira Miguel
- Institute of Preventive Medicine & Public Health (IMP&SP) and Institute of Environmental Health (ISAMB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMUL), Lisbon, Portugal
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Virgolino A, Heitor MJ, Carreiras J, Lopes E, Øverland S, Torp S, Guðmundsdóttir D, Miguel JP, Fátima Reis M, Santos O. Facing unemployment: study protocol for the implementation and evaluation of a community-based intervention for psychological well-being promotion. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:261. [PMID: 28724370 PMCID: PMC5517795 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economic crises and unemployment have profound impact on mental health and well-being. Main goal of the Healthy Employment (HE) project is to enhance intersectoral actions promoting mental health among unemployed, namely through the implementation and effectiveness-evaluation of short-term and sustainable group interventions. METHODS The project follows a RE-AIM-based (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance) framework for assessing a cognitive-behavioural and psychoeducational intervention that has been developed for promoting mental health among unemployed people. It is a short-term group intervention (five sessions, four hours each, 20 unemployed persons per group) focused on mental health literacy, interpersonal communication and of emotional regulation. Implementation of the intervention will be carried out by clinical psychologists, following a standardized procedure manual. Effectiveness will be assessed through a randomized field study with two arms (intervention and control). Participants are unemployed people (18-65 years old, both genders, having at least nine years of formal education) registered at public employment centres from different geographical regions for less than 12 months (including first-job seekers). Allocation to arms of the study will follow a random match-to-case process, considering gender, age groups and educational level. Three moments of evaluation will occur: before intervention (baseline), immediately after its ending and three months later. Main outcomes are mental health literacy, mental health related personal and perceived stigma, psychological well-being, satisfaction with life and resilience. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be conducted. Cohen's d coefficient and odds ratio will be used for assessing the size of the intervention effect, when significant. DISCUSSION Scientific and clinical knowledge will be applied to promote/protect psychological well-being of unemployed people. While the first phases of the project are funded by the European Economic Area Grants, long-term assessments of the intervention require a larger timeframe. Further funding and institutional support will be sought for this purpose. Already established intersectoral collaborations are key-assets to reach long-term sustainability of this project. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; Prospectively registered number: ACTRN12616001432404 ; date of registration: 13 October 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Virgolino
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria João Heitor
- 0000 0001 2181 4263grid.9983.bUniversidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal ,Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Joana Carreiras
- 0000 0001 2181 4263grid.9983.bUniversidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elisa Lopes
- 0000 0001 2181 4263grid.9983.bUniversidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Simon Øverland
- 0000 0001 1541 4204grid.418193.6Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway ,0000 0004 1936 7443grid.7914.bDepartment of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steffen Torp
- grid.463530.7University College of Southeast Norway, PO Box 2230, N-3103 Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Dora Guðmundsdóttir
- 0000 0004 0640 0021grid.14013.37Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland ,The Directorate of Health in Iceland, Stapa vid Hringbraut, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - José Pereira Miguel
- 0000 0001 2181 4263grid.9983.bUniversidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M. Fátima Reis
- 0000 0001 2181 4263grid.9983.bUniversidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Osvaldo Santos
- 0000 0001 2181 4263grid.9983.bUniversidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Oliveira ICD, Andrade HRD, Miguel JP. [The Museu da Saúde in Portugal: a physical space, a virtual space]. Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos 2015; 22 Suppl:1749-1763. [PMID: 26785877 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-59702015000500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Museu da Saúde (Museum of Health) in Portugal, based on the dual concept of a multifaceted physical space and a virtual space, is preparing an inventory of its archive. So far, it has studied five of its collections in greater depth: tuberculosis, urology, psychology, medicine, and malaria. In this article, these collections are presented, and the specificities of developing museological activities within a national laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, are also discussed, highlighting the issues of the store rooms and exhibition spaces, the inventory process, and the communication activities, with a view to overcoming the challenges inherent to operating in a non-museological space.
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De Santiago I, Miguel JP, Antunes F. Comunicação em Saúde: Evitar o Contágio da Doença por Vírus Ébola nos PALOP – Metodologia KISS & KEYWORDS. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2015. [DOI: 10.20344/amp.6323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, Health Communication is considered as an important discipline in medicine and health sciences for his role as true determinant of health. We highlight their contribution to health promotion and disease prevention. Thus, the Health Communication Plan (PCS): Preventing the spread of Ebola virus disease in the Portuguese Speaking African Countries - KISS & KEYWORDS methodology is a tool that aims to minimize the risk of infection by Ebola virus in the Portuguese Speaking African Countries and also train for a general<br />improvement of health conditions of the local populations. In the PCS design are especially considered the social and cultural contexts of the target populations, especially the customs, traditions and religion. Health Communication is considered as an Essential Function of Public Health and its main is to provide a population-based approach. The target of communication actions are population groups in addition to the individual communication, target-audiences are people without access to the media, in Guinea Bissau, Cape Verde and Sao Tome and Principe. Under the communication plan uses the methodology, models and practices both by media professionals as health. A proximity approach and cultural mediation, previously identified key facts, are defined objectives; outlines to the Plan in concrete and its implementation methodology (target-audience and following intervention, materials to be used and key-messages and partners to mobilize) following the World Health Organisation standards.
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Miguel JP, Dantas dos Reis D, Lopes VM, Pereira CM, de Pádua F. Vectorcardiographic study of right bundle branch block and its associations with the left hemiblocks. Adv Cardiol 2015; 16:451-64. [PMID: 1274756 DOI: 10.1159/000398442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Santiago ID, Miguel JP, Antunes F. [Health Communication: Preventing the Spread of Ebola Virus Disease in the Portuguese Spoken African Countries--Methodology KISS & KEYWORDS]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2015; 28:141-144. [PMID: 26061502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, Health Communication is considered as an important discipline in medicine and health sciences for his role as true determinant of health. We highlight their contribution to health promotion and disease prevention. Thus, the Health Communication Plan (PCS): Preventing the spread of Ebola virus disease in the Portuguese Speaking African Countries - KISS & KEYWORDS methodology is a tool that aims to minimize the risk of infection by Ebola virus in the Portuguese Speaking African Countries and also train for a general improvement of health conditions of the local populations. In the PCS design are especially considered the social and cultural contexts of the target populations, especially the customs, traditions and religion. Health Communication is considered as an Essential Function of Public Health and its main is to provide a population-based approach. The target of communication actions are population groups in addition to the individual communication, target-audiences are people without access to the media, in Guinea Bissau, Cape Verde and Sao Tome and Principe. Under the communication plan uses the methodology, models and practices both by media professionals as health. A proximity approach and cultural mediation, previously identified key facts, are defined objectives; outlines to the Plan in concrete and its implementation methodology (target-audience and following intervention, materials to be used and key-messages and partners to mobilize) following the World Health Organisation standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel De Santiago
- Investigadora em Comunicação em Saúde. Instituto de Medicina Preventiva & Saúde Pública. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal. Assistente Convidada. Instituto de Medicina Preventiva & Saúde Pública. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - José Pereira Miguel
- Professor Catedrático de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública. Instituto de Medicina Preventiva & Saúde Pública. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal. Diretor. Instituto de Medicina Preventiva & Saúde Pública. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal
| | - Francisco Antunes
- Especialista em Doenças Infecciosas e Medicina Tropical. Instituto de Saúde Ambiental. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal. Professor Catedrático Emérito. Instituto de Saúde Ambiental. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisboa. Portugal
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Reis MF, Namorado S, Aguiar P, Precioso J, Nunes B, Veloso L, Santos S, Miguel JP. Patterns of adherence to and compliance with the Portuguese smoke-free law in the leisure-hospitality sector. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102421. [PMID: 25036725 PMCID: PMC4103806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2008, the Portuguese smoke-free law came into effect including partial bans in the leisure-hospitality (LH) sector. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of smoking control policies (total ban, smoking permission and designated smoking areas) adopted by the LH sector in Portugal. The levels of noncompliance with each policy are investigated as well as the main factors associated with smoking permission and noncompliance with the law. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted between January 2010 and May 2011. A random sample of venues was selected from the Portuguese LH sector database, proportionally stratified according to type, size and geographical area. All venues were assessed in loco by an observer. The independent effects of venues' characteristics on smoking permission and the level of noncompliance with the law were explored using logistic regression. Results Overall, 1.412 venues were included. Total ban policy was adopted by 75.9% of venues, while 8.4% had designated smoking areas. Smoking ban was more prevalent in restaurants (85.9%). Only 29.7% of discos/bars/pubs opted for complete ban. Full or partial smoking permission was higher in discos/bar/pubs (OR = 7.37; 95%CI 4.87 to 11.17). Noncompliance with the law was higher in venues allowing smoking and lower in places with complete ban (33.6% and 7.6% respectively, p<0.001). Discos/bars/pubs with full smoking permission had the highest level of noncompliance (OR = 3.31; 95%CI 1.40 to 7.83). Conclusions Our findings show a high adherence to smoking ban policy by the Portuguese LH sector. Nonetheless, one quarter of the venues is fully or partially permissive towards smoking, with the discos/bars/pubs considerably contributing to this situation. Venues with smoking permission policies were less compliant with the legislation. The implementation of a comprehensive smoke-free law, without any exceptions, is essential to effectively protect people from the second hand smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fátima Reis
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Sónia Namorado
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Aguiar
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Precioso
- Instituto de Educação, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Baltazar Nunes
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Veloso
- Clinical Data Unit, Eurotrials, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Pereira Miguel
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Cabrita J, Ferreira H, Iglésias P, Baptista T, Rocha E, Lopes da Silva A, Pereira Miguel J. Patterns and determinants of psychoactive drug use in Lisbon University students--a population-based study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 26:79-82. [PMID: 15085941 DOI: 10.1023/b:phar.0000018597.46246.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the patterns and determinants of psychoactive drug use by Lisbon University students. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted, from January to April 2000, in a probabilistic sample of 1,147 students. Information about use of psychoactive drugs and co-variates was collected by a questionnaire administered by trained interviewers. Psychoactive drugs were considered to be all medicines classified in group N (nervous system) of the ATC system except the anesthetics (subgroup N01) and the analgesics (subgroup N02). RESULTS 91 students (7.9%) had taken psychoactive drugs during the fortnight before the interview, 39 of whom (42.8%) mentioned continuous use. The prevalence of use was significantly higher in females (9.6%), older than 25 years (13.1%), married (16%), who considered themselves to have a weak health status (21.7%), as under intense stress (15.5%). After adjustment by multivariate analysis the variables sex, self-evaluation of health status and daily stress retained a higher significant association with psychoactive drug use. A total of 132 drugs were reported as being used in that period. Tranquilizers (ATC = N05B or N05C) were used by 82 students (7.2%), while 22 (1.9%) consumed psychoactive stimulants (N06B) and 19 (1.7%) antidepressants (N06A). In all of these therapeutical subgroups, females had higher consumption prevalence than males, but the difference was statistically significant only for tranquilizers (P < 0.001). Anxiety, depression and insomnia were the most frequently stated health problems. More than 90% of drug consumers considered they had a compliant attitude and about 60% considered themselves well-informed about adverse effects of the drug used. The reported prevalence of self-medication for psychoactive drugs used was 12.8%. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of psychoactive drug use among students of Lisbon University was higher than expected, considering age group and the usual health status of this population. The administration of a questionnaire was a very useful tool to characterise the pattern of use and the consumer's knowledge about the drugs consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Cabrita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Martins MC, Rodrigues MO, Gomes MA, Fonseca A, Freitas MM, Miguel JP, Gomes EM. [The Program of External Quality Evaluation in Clinical Chemistry. An overview and evaluation after 11 years of functioning]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 1994; 7:519-25. [PMID: 7992657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
After an eleven-year period, the goals and way of functioning are remembered the External Quality Assessment Scheme in Clinical Chemistry, under the responsibility of the National Institute of Health. The authors try to evaluate the quality of results obtained at the time by the 160 participant laboratories, belonging to the public and private sectors as well as to the Portuguese reference laboratories which have to assign the expected values on the control sera to be analysed. As regards the 22 biochemical blood parameters, we came to the conclusion that there is a high performance level in what concerns the reference laboratories and a quality level of participant laboratories in accordance with their considered peer foreign laboratories.
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