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Blomster TM, Koivurova OP, Koskela R, Herzig KH, Talley NJ, Ronkainen J. Pregnancy period and early-life risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: a Northern Finland birth cohort 1966 study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1038. [PMID: 38622673 PMCID: PMC11017657 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18549-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyze the pregnancy period, perinatal period, and infancy period risk factors for IBD in a well-characterized birth cohort from Northern Finland. METHODS The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (NFBC1966) population comprises mothers living in the two northernmost provinces of Finland, Oulu, and Lapland, with dates of delivery between Jan 1st and Dec 31st, 1966 (12 055 mothers, 12 058 live-born children, 96.3% of all births during 1966). IBD patients were identified using hospital registries (from 1966 to 2020) and Social Insurance Institution (SII) registry reimbursement data for IBD drugs (from 1978 to 2016). The data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test and logistic regression. RESULTS In total, 6972 individuals provided informed consent for the use of combined SII and hospital registry data. Of those, 154 (2.1%) had IBD (113 [1.6%] had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 41 (0.6%) had Crohn's disease (CD)). According to multivariate analysis, maternal smoking > 10 cigarettes/day during pregnancy was associated with a nearly 6-fold increased risk of CD in the offspring (OR 5.78, 95% CI 1.70-17.3). Breastfeeding (OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.08-0.44) and iron supplementation during the first year of life (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.21-0.89) were negatively associated with CD. CONCLUSIONS Smoking during pregnancy was associated with the risk of CD while Breastfeeding and oral iron supplementation at infancy were negatively associated with the risk of CD later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo M Blomster
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Ritva Koskela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Primary Health Care Center, Lapland Welfare District, Tornio, Finland.
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, FIN-90014, Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Finland.
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2
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Bugaytsova JA, Moonens K, Piddubnyi A, Schmidt A, Edlund JO, Lisiutin G, Brännström K, Chernov YA, Thorel K, Tkachenko I, Sharova O, Vikhrova I, Butsyk A, Shubin P, Chyzhma R, Johansson DX, Marcotte H, Sjöström R, Shevtsova A, Bylund G, Rakhimova L, Lundquist A, Berhilevych O, Kasianchuk V, Loboda A, Ivanytsia V, Hultenby K, Persson MAA, Gomes J, Matos R, Gartner F, Reis CA, Whitmire JM, Merrell DS, Pan-Hammarström Q, Landström M, Oscarson S, D’Elios MM, Agreus L, Ronkainen J, Aro P, Engstrand L, Graham DY, Kachkovska V, Mukhopadhyay A, Chaudhuri S, Karmakar BC, Paul S, Kravets O, Camorlinga M, Torres J, Berg DE, Moskalenko R, Haas R, Remaut H, Hammarström L, Borén T. Helicobacter pylori attachment-blocking antibodies protect against duodenal ulcer disease. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.24.542096. [PMID: 37292721 PMCID: PMC10245814 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.542096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the world population carry the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Fortunately, most individuals experience only low-grade or no symptoms, but in many cases the chronic inflammatory infection develops into severe gastric disease, including duodenal ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Here we report on a protective mechanism where H. pylori attachment and accompanying chronic mucosal inflammation can be reduced by antibodies that are present in a vast majority of H. pylori carriers. These antibodies block binding of the H. pylori attachment protein BabA by mimicking BabA's binding to the ABO blood group glycans in the gastric mucosa. However, many individuals demonstrate low titers of BabA blocking antibodies, which is associated with an increased risk for duodenal ulceration, suggesting a role for these antibodies in preventing gastric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanna A. Bugaytsova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- SUMEYA, The Ukrainian-Swedish Research Center, Sumy State University, 40022 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Kristof Moonens
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Department of Structural Biology, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Present address: Ablynx, a Sanofi Company, Technologiepark 21, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Artem Piddubnyi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- SUMEYA, The Ukrainian-Swedish Research Center, Sumy State University, 40022 Sumy, Ukraine
- Department of Pathology, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Alexej Schmidt
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, SE14186 Huddinge, Sweden
- Present address: Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Olofsson Edlund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- The Biochemical Imaging Center Umeå (BICU), Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gennadii Lisiutin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, Odesa Mechnikov National University, 65082 Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Kristoffer Brännström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- The Biochemical Imaging Center Umeå (BICU), Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Present address: Pfizer Worldwide R&D, BioMedicine Design, 10 555 Science Center Drive, San Diego CA, 92121 USA
| | - Yevgen A. Chernov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kaisa Thorel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Iryna Tkachenko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandra Sharova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Vikhrova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Anna Butsyk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Pavlo Shubin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Public Health, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Ruslana Chyzhma
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- SUMEYA, The Ukrainian-Swedish Research Center, Sumy State University, 40022 Sumy, Ukraine
- Department of Pathology, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Daniel X. Johansson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet at Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harold Marcotte
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, SE14186 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rolf Sjöström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Shevtsova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Bylund
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lena Rakhimova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Present address: Department of Odontology, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oleksandra Berhilevych
- Department of Public Health, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Victoria Kasianchuk
- Department of Public Health, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Andrii Loboda
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40018 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Ivanytsia
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Biotechnology, Odesa Mechnikov National University, 65082 Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, SE14186 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mats A. A. Persson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet at Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana Gomes
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Matos
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gartner
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A. Reis
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - D. Scott Merrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, USUHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Maréne Landström
- Present address: Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mario M. D’Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Lars Agreus
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, SE14183 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- University of Oulu, Center for Life Course Health Research and Primary Health Care Center, Tornio Finland
| | - Pertti Aro
- University of Oulu, Center for Life Course Health Research and Primary Health Care Center, Tornio Finland
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Present address: Science for Life Laboratory, SE17165, Solna, Sweden
| | - David Y. Graham
- Department of Medicine, Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, 2002 Holcombe Blvd. Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Vladyslava Kachkovska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Asish Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases P 33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Sujit Chaudhuri
- Department of Gastroenterology, AMRI Hospital, Salt Lake City. Kolkata, West Bengal 700098, India
| | - Bipul Chandra Karmakar
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases P 33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Sangita Paul
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases P 33, CIT Road, Scheme XM, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Oleksandr Kravets
- Department of Surgery, Traumatology, Orthopedics and Physiology, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Margarita Camorlinga
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatria, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigacion en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatria, CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Douglas E. Berg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Roman Moskalenko
- SUMEYA, The Ukrainian-Swedish Research Center, Sumy State University, 40022 Sumy, Ukraine
- Department of Pathology, Medical Institute, Sumy State University, 40007 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Rainer Haas
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Site, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB Department of Structural Biology, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Thomas Borén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
- SUMEYA, The Ukrainian-Swedish Research Center, Sumy State University, 40022 Sumy, Ukraine
- Lead contact
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3
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Thorpe HA, Tourrette E, Yahara K, Vale FF, Liu S, Oleastro M, Alarcon T, Perets TT, Latifi-Navid S, Yamaoka Y, Martinez-Gonzalez B, Karayiannis I, Karamitros T, Sgouras DN, Elamin W, Pascoe B, Sheppard SK, Ronkainen J, Aro P, Engstrand L, Agreus L, Suerbaum S, Thorell K, Falush D. Author Correction: Repeated out-of-Africa expansions of Helicobacter pylori driven by replacement of deleterious mutations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1539. [PMID: 36941300 PMCID: PMC10027682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harry A Thorpe
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elise Tourrette
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Koji Yahara
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Filipa F Vale
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Siqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Alarcon
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tsachi-Tsadok Perets
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Department of Digital Medical Technologies, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ioannis Karayiannis
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Wael Elamin
- G42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Elrazi University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- Ineos Oxford Institute, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Primary Health Care Center, Tornio, Finland
| | | | - Lars Engstrand
- Center for Translational Microbiome Research, Department for Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Agreus
- Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- DZIF German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig and Munich Partner Sites, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Falush
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Thorpe HA, Tourrette E, Yahara K, Vale FF, Liu S, Oleastro M, Alarcon T, Perets TT, Latifi-Navid S, Yamaoka Y, Martinez-Gonzalez B, Karayiannis I, Karamitros T, Sgouras DN, Elamin W, Pascoe B, Sheppard SK, Ronkainen J, Aro P, Engstrand L, Agreus L, Suerbaum S, Thorell K, Falush D. Repeated out-of-Africa expansions of Helicobacter pylori driven by replacement of deleterious mutations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6842. [PMID: 36369175 PMCID: PMC9652371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori lives in the human stomach and has a population structure resembling that of its host. However, H. pylori from Europe and the Middle East trace substantially more ancestry from modern African populations than the humans that carry them. Here, we use a collection of Afro-Eurasian H. pylori genomes to show that this African ancestry is due to at least three distinct admixture events. H. pylori from East Asia, which have undergone little admixture, have accumulated many more non-synonymous mutations than African strains. European and Middle Eastern bacteria have elevated African ancestry at the sites of these mutations, implying selection to remove them during admixture. Simulations show that population fitness can be restored after bottlenecks by migration and subsequent admixture of small numbers of bacteria from non-bottlenecked populations. We conclude that recent spread of African DNA has been driven by deleterious mutations accumulated during the original out-of-Africa bottleneck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry A Thorpe
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elise Tourrette
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Koji Yahara
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Filipa F Vale
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Siqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Teresa Alarcon
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tsachi-Tsadok Perets
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Department of Digital Medical Technologies, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Oita, Japan
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ioannis Karayiannis
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Wael Elamin
- G42 Healthcare, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Elrazi University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- Ineos Oxford Institute, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Primary Health Care Center, Tornio, Finland
| | | | - Lars Engstrand
- Center for Translational Microbiome Research, Department for Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Agreus
- Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Suerbaum
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- DZIF German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig and Munich Partner Sites, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaisa Thorell
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Falush
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Lindh E, Smura T, Blomqvist S, Liitsola K, Vauhkonen H, Savolainen L, Ikonen J, Ronkainen J, Taskila J, Taskila T, Sakaranaho P, Savolainen-Kopra C, Vapalahti O, Ikonen N. Genomic and epidemiological report of the recombinant XJ lineage SARS-CoV-2 variant, detected in northern Finland, January 2022. Euro Surveill 2022; 27. [PMID: 35451361 PMCID: PMC9027151 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.16.2200257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant were detected in surveillance samples collected in north-western Finland in January 2022. We detected 191 samples with an identical genome arrangement in weeks 3 to 11, indicating sustained community transmission. The recombinant lineage has a 5’-end of BA.1, a recombination breakpoint between orf1a and orf1b (nucleotide position 13,296–15,240) and a 3’-end of BA.2 including the S gene. We describe the available genomic and epidemiological data about this currently circulating recombinant XJ lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Lindh
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Smura
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Soile Blomqvist
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi Liitsola
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Vauhkonen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jaana Ikonen
- Northern Finland Laboratory Center, Nordlab, Länsi-Pohja, Finland
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Primary Health Care Center City of Tornio, Finland and Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Tea Taskila
- Primary Health Care Center City of Kemi, Kemi, Finland
| | | | - Carita Savolainen-Kopra
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB, Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Niina Ikonen
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Koivurova OP, Koskela R, Blomster T, Ala-Rämi A, Lumme H, Kettunen O, Hukkanen J, Karttunen TJ, Mäkinen M, Ronkainen J, Syrjänen K. Serological Biomarker Panel in Diagnosis of Atrophic Gastritis and Helicobacter pylori Infection in Gastroscopy Referral Patients: Clinical Validation of the New-Generation GastroPanel ® Test. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:5527-5537. [PMID: 34732423 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Prompted by the increasing demand of non-invasive diagnostic tools for screening of gastric cancer (GC) risk conditions, i.e., atrophic gastritis (AG) and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, the GastroPanel® test (GP: biomarker panel of PGI, PGII, G-17, Hp IgG ELISA) that was developed in the early 2000's, was recently updated to a new-generation (unified GP) test version. This clinical validation study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the new-generation GP test in detection of AG and Hp among gastroscopy referral patients in a University Clinic. PATIENTS AND METHODS Altogether, 522 patients were enrolled among the patients referred for gastroscopy at the Gastro Center, Oulu University Hospital (OUH). All patients underwent gastroscopy with biopsies classified using the Updated Sydney System (USS), and blood sampling for GP testing. RESULTS Biopsy-confirmed AG was found in 10.2% (53/511) of the patients. The overall agreement between the GP and the USS classification was 92.4% (95%CI=90.0-94.6%), with the weighted kappa (κw) of 0.861 (95%CI=0.834-0.883). In ROC analysis using moderate/severe AG of the corpus (AGC2+) as the endpoint, AUC=0.952 (95%CI=0.891-1.000) and AUC=0.998 (95%CI=0.996-1.000) for PGI and PGI/PGII, respectively. Hp IgG antibody ELISA detected biopsy-confirmed Hp-infection with AUC=0.993 (95%CI=0.987-0.999). CONCLUSION The new generation GastroPanel® is a precise test for non-invasive diagnosis of atrophic gastritis and Hp-infection in dyspeptic patients referred for diagnostic gastroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritva Koskela
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Blomster
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Ala-Rämi
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henri Lumme
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Olli Kettunen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuomo J Karttunen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markus Mäkinen
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Primary Health Care Center, Tornio, Finland
| | - Kari Syrjänen
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil; .,SMW Consultants, Ltd., Kaarina, Finland
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7
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Ronkainen J, Aro P, Jones M, Walker MM, Agréus L, Andreasson A, Talley NJ. Duodenal eosinophilia and the link to anxiety: A population-based endoscopic study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14109. [PMID: 33687126 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The concept of gut-to-brain communication via microbial or inflammatory pathways is gaining increased attention but genuine pathology directly linking gut perturbation to anxiety is lacking. We hypothesized that duodenal eosinophilia, as known to occur in functional dyspepsia (FD), may be an underlying cause of anxiety and may help explain the striking association between FD and anxiety. METHODS Randomly selected subjects from the national population register of Sweden completed the validated Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire; 1000 completed esophagogastroduodenoscopy and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire. Duodenal biopsies were obtained from 1st (D1) and 2nd portion (D2). Eligible subjects who underwent endoscopy (n = 887) were invited to participate in a 10-year follow-up study with the same questionnaires. Among endoscopy normal subjects, FD was identified by Rome criteria, and controls were symptom free. Duodenal eosinophilia was based on pre-defined cut-offs. Finding are reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval and p-value. RESULTS The study population comprised 89 cases with FD and 124 healthy controls (mean age 62 years, SD 12, 34% male). Clinical anxiety at follow-up was elevated in those with D1 eosinophilia at baseline considering either new-onset anxiety (OR = 4.5, 95% CI 0.8, 23.8; p = 0.08) or follow-up anxiety adjusting for baseline anxiety (OR = 4.51 (95% CI 1.03, 19.81; p = 0.046). CONCLUSION Duodenal eosinophilia may potentially be a mechanism linked to anxiety independent of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Ronkainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Primary Health Care Center, Tornio, Finland
| | | | - Mike Jones
- Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Lars Agréus
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Division of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia.,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Lot 1, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
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8
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Kari H, Äijö-Jensen N, Kortejärvi H, Ronkainen J, Yliperttula M, Laaksonen R, Blom M. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a people-centred care model for community-living older people versus usual care ─ A randomised controlled trial. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 18:3004-3012. [PMID: 34344607 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for effective and cost-effective interprofessional care models that support older people to maintain their quality of life (QoL) and physical performance to live longer independently in their own homes. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to evaluate effectiveness, QoL and physical performance, and cost-utility of a people-centred care model (PCCM), including the contribution of clinically trained pharmacists, compared with that of usual care in primary care. METHODS A randomised controlled trial (RCT) with a two-year follow-up was conducted. The participants were multimorbid community-living older people, aged ≥75 years. The intervention comprised an at-home patient interview, health review, pharmacist-led clinical medication review, an interprofessional team meeting, and nurse-led care coordination and health support. At the baseline and at the 1-year and 2-year follow-ups, QoL (SF-36, 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey) and physical performance (SPPB, Short Performance Physical Battery) were measured. Additionally, a physical dimension component summary in the SF-36 was calculated. The SF-36 data were transformed into SF-6D scores to calculate quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Healthcare resource use were collected and transformed into costs. A healthcare payer perspective was adopted. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated, and one-way sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS No statistically or clinically significant differences were observed between the usual care (n = 126) and intervention group (n = 151) patients in their QoL; at the 2-year follow-up the mean difference was -0.02, (95 % CI -0.07; 0.04,p = 0.56). While the mean difference between the groups in physical performance at the 2-year follow-up was -1.02, (-1.94;-0.10,p = 0.03), between the physical component summary scores it was -7.3, (-15.2; 0.6,p = 0.07). The ICER was -73 638€/QALY, hence, the developed PCCM dominated usual care, since it was more effective and less costly. CONCLUSIONS The cost-utility analysis showed that the PCCM including pharmacist-led medication review dominated usual care. However, it had no effect on QoL and the effect towards physical performance remained unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini Kari
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Research Unit, The Social Insurance Institution of Finland, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Nelli Äijö-Jensen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Kortejärvi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Primary Health Care Centre, Tornio, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raisa Laaksonen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Blom
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Talley NJ, Powell N, Walker MM, Jones MP, Ronkainen J, Forsberg A, Kjellström L, Hellström PM, Aro P, Wallner B, Agréus L, Andreasson A. Role of smoking in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: three random population-based studies. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:32-42. [PMID: 33983640 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is uncertain if functional dyspepsia (FD) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are linked to smoking, and smoking cessation is not part of the routine advice provided to these patients. AIM To assess if smoking is an independent risk factor for FD and IBS. METHODS Three population-based endoscopy studies in Sweden with 2560 community individuals in total (mean age 51.5 years, 46% male). IBS (14.9%), FD (33.5%), and associated symptoms were assessed using the validated abdominal symptom questionnaire, and smoking (17.9%) was obtained from standardised questions during a clinic visit. The effect of smoking on symptom status was analysed in an individual person data meta-analysis using mixed effect logistic regression, adjusted for snuffing, age and sex. RESULTS Individuals smoking cigarettes reported significantly higher odds of postprandial distress syndrome (FD-PDS) (OR 10-19 cig/day = 1.42, 95% CI 1.04-1.98 P = 0.027, OR ≥20 cig/day = 2.16, 95% CI 1.38-3.38, P = 0.001) but not epigastric pain. Individuals smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day reported significantly higher odds of IBS-diarrhoea (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.12-5.16, P = 0.025), diarrhoea (OR = 2.01, 95%CI 1.28-3.16, P = 0.003), urgency (OR = 2.21, 95%CI 1.41-3.47, P = 0.001) and flatus (OR = 1.77, 95%CI 1.14-2.76, P = 0.012) than non-smokers. Smoking was not associated with IBS-constipation or IBS-mixed. CONCLUSION Smoking is an important environmental risk factor for postprandial distress syndrome, the most common FD subgroup, with over a twofold increased odds of PDS in heavy smokers. The role of smoking in IBS-diarrhoea, but not constipation, is also likely important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Talley
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Australia, 2305, Australia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive Health, Australia
| | | | - Marjorie M Walker
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, Australia, 2305, Australia
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive Health, Australia
| | - Mike P Jones
- NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive Health, Australia
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Primary Health Care Centre, Tornio, Finland
| | - Anna Forsberg
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Per M Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Bengt Wallner
- Department of Surgical and Perioperatve Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Agréus
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Andreasson
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Hietikko R, Kilpeläinen T, Kenttämies A, Ronkainen J, Ijäs K, Lind K, Marjasuo S, Oksala J, Oksanen O, Saarinen T, Savolainen R, Taari K, Tammela T, Mirtti T, Natunen K, Auvinen A, Rannikko A. Expected impact of MRI related interreader variability on ProScreen prostate cancer screening trial. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(20)32656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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11
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Ronkainen J, Aro P, Walker MM, Agréus L, Johansson SE, Jones M, Talley NJ. Editorial: the overlap between dyspepsia and gastro-oesophageal reflux-is duodenal eosinophilia the missing link? Authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 50:455-456. [PMID: 31359481 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Ronkainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Primary Health Care Center, Tornio, Finland.,Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Marjorie M Walker
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Center for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Australian GI Research Alliance (AGIRA), Canberra, Australia
| | - Lars Agréus
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Center for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Australian GI Research Alliance (AGIRA), Canberra, Australia
| | - Sven-Erik Johansson
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mike Jones
- Psychology Department, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Center for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Australian GI Research Alliance (AGIRA), Canberra, Australia
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12
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Ronkainen J, Aro P, Walker MM, Agréus L, Johansson SE, Jones M, Talley NJ. Duodenal eosinophilia is associated with functional dyspepsia and new onset gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 50:24-32. [PMID: 31107579 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unexplained why functional dyspepsia and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) overlap more often than expected by chance. Post-prandial distress syndrome has been linked to impaired gastric fundic accommodation which may induce increased transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations and consequent GERD. Duodenal eosinophilia has been linked to functional dyspepsia and post-prandial distress syndrome. AIM To identify if there is an association between duodenal eosinophilia in functional dyspepsia and symptoms of GERD and whether post-prandial distress syndrome or epigastric pain syndrome are associated with new onset GERD. METHODS Participants (n = 1000) were randomly selected from the national Swedish population register and surveyed by questionnaires and oesophagogastroduodenoscopy in 1999-2001. All eligible subjects (n = 887) were invited to a follow-up study in 2010 (response rate 79%). In a case-control study of 213 subjects (functional dyspepsia vs healthy controls), histology from the duodenum was evaluated at baseline and the possible association of eosinophilia to new onset GERD symptoms was analysed. RESULTS Functional dyspepsia (OR 7.6; 95% CI 2.93-19.4, P < 0.001) and post-prandial distress syndrome at baseline (OR 9.0, 95% CI 3.36-24.0, P < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of GERD at follow-up. Eosinophilia in the second part of duodenum only was independently associated with an increased risk of GERD amongst those with functional dyspepsia (OR 4.2; 95% CI 1.2-4.77, P = 0.024) and post-prandial distress syndrome at baseline (OR 6.0; 95% CI 1.50-23.6, P = 0.011), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Duodenal eosinophilia is associated with increased risk of GERD at 10-year follow-up in those with functional dyspepsia and post-prandial distress syndrome at baseline. Duodenal eosinophilia may explain the link between GERD and functional dyspepsia, suggesting subsets of functional dyspepsia and GERD may be part of the same disease spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Ronkainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Primary Health Care Center, Tornio, Finland.,Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Marjorie M Walker
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Center for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Australian GI Research Alliance (AGIRA), Canberra, Australia
| | - Lars Agréus
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Center for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Australian GI Research Alliance (AGIRA), Canberra, Australia
| | - Sven-Erik Johansson
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mike Jones
- Psychology Department, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, Priority Research Center for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Australian GI Research Alliance (AGIRA), Canberra, Australia
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13
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Bonfiglio F, Henström M, Nag A, Hadizadeh F, Zheng T, Cenit MC, Tigchelaar E, Williams F, Reznichenko A, Ek WE, Rivera NV, Homuth G, Aghdassi AA, Kacprowski T, Männikkö M, Karhunen V, Bujanda L, Rafter J, Wijmenga C, Ronkainen J, Hysi P, Zhernakova A, D'Amato M. A GWAS meta-analysis from 5 population-based cohorts implicates ion channel genes in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13358. [PMID: 29673008 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) shows genetic predisposition, however, large-scale, powered gene mapping studies are lacking. We sought to exploit existing genetic (genotype) and epidemiological (questionnaire) data from a series of population-based cohorts for IBS genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and their meta-analysis. METHODS Based on questionnaire data compatible with Rome III Criteria, we identified a total of 1335 IBS cases and 9768 asymptomatic individuals from 5 independent European genotyped cohorts. Individual GWAS were carried out with sex-adjusted logistic regression under an additive model, followed by meta-analysis using the inverse variance method. Functional annotation of significant results was obtained via a computational pipeline exploiting ontology and interaction networks, and tissue-specific and gene set enrichment analyses. KEY RESULTS Suggestive GWAS signals (P ≤ 5.0 × 10-6 ) were detected for 7 genomic regions, harboring 64 gene candidates to affect IBS risk via functional or expression changes. Functional annotation of this gene set convincingly (best FDR-corrected P = 3.1 × 10-10 ) highlighted regulation of ion channel activity as the most plausible pathway affecting IBS risk. CONCLUSION & INFERENCES Our results confirm the feasibility of population-based studies for gene-discovery efforts in IBS, identify risk genes and loci to be prioritized in independent follow-ups, and pinpoint ion channels as important players and potential therapeutic targets warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bonfiglio
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Spain.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Henström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Nag
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England
| | - F Hadizadeh
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Zheng
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M C Cenit
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E Tigchelaar
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F Williams
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, England
| | - A Reznichenko
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - W E Ek
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - N V Rivera
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A A Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Kacprowski
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Männikkö
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - V Karhunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L Bujanda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - J Rafter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Ronkainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Primary Health Care Center, Tornio, Finland
| | - P Hysi
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - A Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M D'Amato
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Spain.,Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,BioCruces Health Research Institute, Bilbao, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Science Foundation, Bilbao, Spain
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14
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Bonfiglio F, Hysi PG, Ek W, Karhunen V, Rivera NV, Männikkö M, Nordenstedt H, Zucchelli M, Bresso F, Williams F, Tornblom H, Magnusson PK, Pedersen NL, Ronkainen J, Schmidt PT, D'Amato M. A meta-analysis of reflux genome-wide association studies in 6750 Northern Europeans from the general population. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 27485664 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the regurgitation of gastric acids often accompanied by heartburn, affects up to 20% of the general population. Genetic predisposition is suspected from twin and family studies but gene-hunting efforts have so far been scarce and no conclusive genome-wide study has been reported. We exploited data available from general population samples, and studied self-reported reflux symptoms in relation to genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. METHODS We performed a GWAS meta-analysis of three independent population-based cohorts from Sweden, Finland, and UK. GERD cases (n=2247) and asymptomatic controls (n=4503) were identified using questionnaire-derived symptom data. Upon stringent quality controls, genotype data for more than 2.5M markers were used for association testing. Bioinformatic characterization of genomic regions associated with GERD included gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA), in silico prediction of genetic risk effects on gene expression, and computational analysis of drug-induced gene expression signatures using Connectivity Map (cMap). KEY RESULTS We identified 30 GERD suggestive risk loci (P≤5×10-5 ), with concordant risk effects in all cohorts, and predicted functional effects on gene expression in relevant tissues. GSEA revealed involvement of GERD risk genes in biological processes associated with the regulation of ion channel and cell adhesion. From cMap analysis, omeprazole had significant effects on GERD risk gene expression, while antituberculosis and anti-inflammatory drugs scored highest among the repurposed compounds. CONCLUSIONS We report a large-scale genetic study of GERD, and highlight genes and pathways that contribute to further our understanding of its pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bonfiglio
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P G Hysi
- Department of Ophthalmology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - W Ek
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - V Karhunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - N V Rivera
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Männikkö
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - H Nordenstedt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Zucchelli
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Bresso
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Williams
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - H Tornblom
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P K Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Ronkainen
- Primary Health Care Centre, Tornio, Finland.,Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P T Schmidt
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M D'Amato
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,BioCruces Health Research Institute and Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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15
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Lucendo AJ, Molina-Infante J, Arias Á, von Arnim U, Bredenoord AJ, Bussmann C, Amil Dias J, Bove M, González-Cervera J, Larsson H, Miehlke S, Papadopoulou A, Rodríguez-Sánchez J, Ravelli A, Ronkainen J, Santander C, Schoepfer AM, Storr MA, Terreehorst I, Straumann A, Attwood SE. Guidelines on eosinophilic esophagitis: evidence-based statements and recommendations for diagnosis and management in children and adults. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5:335-358. [PMID: 28507746 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616689525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is one of the most prevalent esophageal diseases and the leading cause of dysphagia and food impaction in children and young adults. This underlines the importance of optimizing diagnosys and treatment of the condition, especially after the increasing amount of knowledge on EoE recently published. Therefore, the UEG, EAACI ESPGHAN, and EUREOS deemed it necessary to update the current guidelines regarding conceptual and epidemiological aspects, diagnosis, and treatment of EoE. METHODS General methodology according to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used in order to comply with current standards of evidence assessment in formulation of recommendations. An extensive literature search was conducted up to August 2015 and periodically updated. The working group consisted of gastroenterologists, allergists, pediatricians, otolaryngologists, pathologists, and epidemiologists. Systematic evidence-based reviews were performed based upon relevant clinical questions with respect to patient-important outcomes. RESULTS The guidelines include updated concept of EoE, evaluated information on disease epidemiology, risk factors, associated conditions, and natural history of EoE in children and adults. Diagnostic conditions and criteria, the yield of diagnostic and disease monitoring procedures, and evidence-based statements and recommendation on the utility of the several treatment options for patients EoE are provided. Recommendations on how to choose and implement treatment and long-term management are provided based on expert opinion and best clinical practice. CONCLUSION Evidence-based recommendations for EoE diagnosis, treatment modalities, and patients' follow up are proposed in the guideline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo J Lucendo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Servicio de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Tomelloso, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Molina-Infante
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, Caceres, Spain
| | - Ángel Arias
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Research Support Unit, Hospital General Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Spain
| | - Ulrike von Arnim
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Albert J Bredenoord
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mogens Bove
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, NÄL Medical Centre, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Jesús González-Cervera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Allergy, Hospital General de Tomelloso, Tomelloso, Spain
| | - Helen Larsson
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, NÄL Medical Centre, Trollhättan, Sweden
| | - Stephan Miehlke
- Center for Digestive Diseases, Internal Medicine Center Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Papadopoulou
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Athens Children's Hospital "Agia Sofia", University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Alberto Ravelli
- University Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital - Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Tornio, Finland
| | - Cecilio Santander
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.,Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alain M Schoepfer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois et Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Witte AB, Walker MM, Talley NJ, Aro P, Ronkainen J, Marrazzo V, Agréus L, Schmidt PT. Decreased Number of Duodenal Endocrine Cells with Unaltered Serotonin-Containing Cells in Functional Dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol 2016; 111:1852-1853. [PMID: 27924095 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Pertti Aro
- Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Lars Agréus
- Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter T Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Alaraudanjoki V, Laitala ML, Tjäderhane L, Pesonen P, Lussi A, Ronkainen J, Anttonen V. Influence of Intrinsic Factors on Erosive Tooth Wear in a Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. Caries Res 2016; 50:508-516. [DOI: 10.1159/000448292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the influence of self-reported intrinsic factors [gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), long-term alcoholism, long-term heavy use of alcohol and multiple pregnancies] on erosive tooth wear in a middle-aged cohort sample. Materials and Methods: Of the total Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC 1966), a convenience sample (n = 3,181) was invited for an oral health examination in 2012-2013, of which 1,962 participated, comprising the final study group. Erosive tooth wear was assessed by sextants using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination Index (BEWE, 0-18). Clinical data were supplemented by questionnaires conducted in 1997/1998 and 2012/2013. The participants were divided into severe (BEWE sum ≥9) and no-to-moderate (BEWE sum 0-8) erosive wear groups, and the logistic regression model was applied. Results: Selected intrinsic factors were quite rare in this cohort sample and explained only 5.9% of the difference in the prevalence and severity of erosive wear. Daily symptoms of GERD [odds ratio (OR) 3.8, confidence interval (CI) 1.2-12.0] and hyposalivation (OR 3.8, CI 1.2-11.8) were the strongest risk indicators for severe erosive wear. Additionally, variables associated with an elevated risk for severe erosive wear were diagnosed alcoholism at any point (OR 2.5, CI 0.7-9.7) and self-reported heavy use of alcohol in both questionnaires (OR 2.0, CI 0.6-6.2). Even low-dose long-term consumption of alcohol was associated with erosive wear. Conclusions: In this cohort sample, intrinsic factors such as GERD or alcoholism alone are relatively uncommon causes of erosive tooth wear. The role of long-term use of alcohol in the erosion process may be bigger than presumed.
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18
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Aro P, Talley NJ, Johansson SE, Agréus L, Ronkainen J. Anxiety Is Linked to New-Onset Dyspepsia in the Swedish Population: A 10-Year Follow-up Study. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:928-37. [PMID: 25644097 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Functional dyspepsia (FD) is associated with anxiety but it is not clear if one causes the other. We investigated whether anxiety and depression precede the onset of FD (based on the modified Rome III criteria) and gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) in a population-based follow-up study. METHODS Participants from the Kalixanda study (n = 3000), randomly selected from the national population register of Sweden, were given the validated Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire 1998-2001; 1000 of these participants then were selected randomly to undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy and were given the Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire along with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire. All eligible subjects who underwent endoscopy (n = 887) were invited to participate in a follow-up study in June-August 2010 and were given the same questionnaires. Data were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 703 subjects who completed the follow-up questionnaires (79.3%); 110 were found to have FD at baseline (15.6%) and 93 at the follow-up examination (13.3%); 48 of these were new cases of FD. GERS without organic disease was reported by 273 individuals (38.8%) at baseline and by 280 at follow-up examination (39.8%); 93 cases were new. Major anxiety was associated with FD at the follow-up evaluation (odds ratio [OR], 6.30; 99% confidence interval [CI], 1.64-24.16). Anxiety was associated with postprandial distress syndrome at baseline (OR, 4.83; 99% CI, 1.24-18.76) and at the follow-up examination (OR, 8.12; 99% CI, 2.13-30.85), but not with epigastric pain syndrome. Anxiety at baseline was associated with new-onset FD at the follow-up examination (OR, 7.61; 99% CI, 1.21-47.73), but not with GERS. CONCLUSIONS In a study of the Swedish population, anxiety at baseline, but not depression, increased the risk for development of FD by 7.6-fold in the next 10 years. Anxiety did not affect risk for GERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pertti Aro
- Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Lars Agréus
- Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Oulu, Finland; Primary Health Care Centre, Tornio, Finland
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19
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Ludvigsson JF, Aro P, Walker MM, Vieth M, Agreus L, Talley NJ, Murray JA, Ronkainen J. Celiac disease, eosinophilic esophagitis and gastroesophageal reflux disease, an adult population-based study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:808-14. [PMID: 23672638 PMCID: PMC3778444 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2013.792389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Celiac disease (CD) has been linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), but population-based studies of the prevalence of CD in these conditions are lacking, that is, the aim of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS An endoscopic study was carried out in 1000 randomly selected adults from the general population. CD was defined on the basis of positive serology in parallel with mucosal abnormalities of the small intestine. Any eosinophil infiltration of the esophageal epithelium was defined as esophageal eosinophilia and EoE was defined as having at least 15 eosinophils/high-power field in biopsies from the distal esophagus. We used Fisher's exact test to compare the prevalence of GORD, esophageal eosinophilia, and EoE in subjects with CD versus controls. RESULTS Four hundred subjects (40%) had gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GORS), 155 (15.5%) had erosive esophagitis, 16 (1.6%) had Barrett's esophagus, 48 (4.8%) had esophageal eosinophilia, and 11 (1.1%) had EoE. CD was diagnosed in 8/400 (2.0%) individuals with GORS (vs. controls: 10/600 (1.7%), p = 0.81), in 3/155 (1.9%) with erosive esophagitis (vs. 15/845 controls (1.8%), p = 0.75), and in 2/48 (4.2%) individuals with esophageal eosinophilia (controls: 16/952 (1.7%), p = 0.21), but in none of those 16 with Barrett's esophagus (vs. 18/984 controls (1.8%), p = 1.0) or of the 11 individuals with EoE (controls: 18/989 (1.8%), p = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS This population-based study found no increased risk of CD among individuals with GORD, esophageal eosinophilia, or EoE. CD screening of individuals with GORD or EoE of individuals with CD cannot be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Ludvigsson
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Sweden,Department of Pediatrics, Örebro University Hospital, Sweden,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, USA
| | - Pertti Aro
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lars Agreus
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Joseph A Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, USA
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of NVS, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden,Primary Health Care Center, Tornio, Finland,Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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20
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Abstract
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) occurs when reflux of gastric contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications (the Montreal definition). GORD is a common condition with a substantial economical burden to the community and it has a significant negative effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) while endoscopic findings like erosive oesophagitis per se seem to correlate badly with the experienced HRQoL. The prevalence of GORD varies over the world for unknown reasons, but genetic differences, difference in the Helicobacter pylori prevalence and life style factors like obesity might influence. The prevalence is lowest in East Asia (2.5-9.4%) and higher in Mid (7.6-19.4%) and Western Asia (12.5-27.6%). The highest population-based prevalence is reported from Europe (23.7%) and the US (28.8%). GORD seems to be fairly stable over time both in terms of symptoms and erosive oesophagitis, but the prevalence seems to be increasing both in Asia and in the West.
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21
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22
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Aro P, Ronkainen J. Evolution of GERD over 5 years. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:393-4; discussion 395-6. [PMID: 22221083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04943.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Aro
- Centre for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Agréus L, Kuipers EJ, Kupcinskas L, Malfertheiner P, Di Mario F, Leja M, Mahachai V, Yaron N, Van Oijen M, Perez GP, Rugge M, Ronkainen J, Salaspuro M, Sipponen P, Sugano K, Sung J. Rationale in diagnosis and screening of atrophic gastritis with stomach-specific plasma biomarkers. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:136-47. [PMID: 22242613 PMCID: PMC3279132 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2011.645501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atrophic gastritis (AG) results most often from Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. AG is the most important single risk condition for gastric cancer that often leads to an acid-free or hypochlorhydric stomach. In the present paper, we suggest a rationale for noninvasive screening of AG with stomach-specific biomarkers. METHODS The paper summarizes a set of data on application of the biomarkers and describes how the test results could be interpreted in practice. RESULTS In AG of the gastric corpus and fundus, the plasma levels of pepsinogen I and/or the pepsinogen I/pepsinogen II ratio are always low. The fasting level of gastrin-17 is high in AG limited to the corpus and fundus, but low or non-elevated if the AG occurs in both antrum and corpus. A low fasting level of G-17 is a sign of antral AG or indicates high intragastric acidity. Differentiation between antral AG and high intragastric acidity can be done by assaying the plasma G-17 before and after protein stimulation, or before and after administration of the proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Amidated G-17 will rise if the antral mucosa is normal in structure. H. pylori antibodies are a reliable indicator of helicobacter infection, even in patients with AG and hypochlorhydria. CONCLUSIONS Stomach-specific biomarkers provide information about the stomach health and about the function of stomach mucosa and are a noninvasive tool for diagnosis and screening of AG and acid-free stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Agréus
- Karolinska Institute, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Limas Kupcinskas
- Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Peter Malfertheiner
- University, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Francesco Di Mario
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Parma, Section of Gastroenterology, Parma, Italy
| | - Marcis Leja
- Riga East University Hospital, Digestive Diseases Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Varocha Mahachai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Niv Yaron
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Martijn Van Oijen
- Dept. Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Pathology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mikko Salaspuro
- University of Helsinki, Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kentaro Sugano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Joseph Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Aro P, Talley NJ, Agréus L, Johansson SE, Bolling-Sternevald E, Storskrubb T, Ronkainen J. Functional dyspepsia impairs quality of life in the adult population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 33:1215-24. [PMID: 21443537 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04640.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the impact of functional dyspepsia on health-related quality of life in the general adult population are scarce. AIM To explore the impact of functional dyspepsia applying the Rome III definition on health-related quality of life in the general population. METHOD A random sample of an adult Swedish population (n=1001, The Kalixanda study) was invited to undergo an oesophagogastroduodenoscopy. An extended abdominal symptom questionnaire and Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire, which includes eight domains measuring physical, mental and social aspects of quality of life, were completed at the clinic visit just before oesophagogastroduodenoscopy. RESULTS Two hundred and two (20%) individuals reported uninvestigated dyspepsia (UID), 157 (16%) functional dyspepsia (FD), 52 (5%) epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and 122 (12%) postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). UID, FD and PDS had a clinically meaningful (a ≥ 5 point) and statistically significant impact (P<0.05) on health-related quality of life in all SF-36 domains except for Role Emotional. EPS had a significant impact on Bodily Pain and Vitality. Overlap of FD with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) had a significant impact on Bodily Pain (P=0.002) and General Health (P=0.02) while FD overlap with gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) had a significant impact on Bodily Pain (P=0.02) compared with FD without any overlap with IBS or GERS. CONCLUSION Functional dyspepsia impacts all main domains describing physical, mental and social aspects of health-related quality of life in the general population. Overlap of functional dyspepsia with irritable bowel syndrome or gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms impacts the domain related to bodily pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aro
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Algora A, Jordan D, Taín JL, Rubio B, Agramunt J, Perez-Cerdan AB, Molina F, Caballero L, Nácher E, Krasznahorkay A, Hunyadi MD, Gulyás J, Vitéz A, Csatlós M, Csige L, Aysto J, Penttilä H, Moore ID, Eronen T, Jokinen A, Nieminen A, Hakala J, Karvonen P, Kankainen A, Saastamoinen A, Rissanen J, Kessler T, Weber C, Ronkainen J, Rahaman S, Elomaa V, Rinta-Antila S, Hager U, Sonoda T, Burkard K, Hüller W, Batist L, Gelletly W, Nichols AL, Yoshida T, Sonzogni AA, Peräjärvi K. Reactor decay heat in 239Pu: solving the γ discrepancy in the 4-3000-s cooling period. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:202501. [PMID: 21231223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.202501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The β feeding probability of (102,104,105,106,107)Tc, 105Mo, and 101Nb nuclei, which are important contributors to the decay heat in nuclear reactors, has been measured using the total absorption technique. We have coupled for the first time a total absorption spectrometer to a Penning trap in order to obtain sources of very high isobaric purity. Our results solve a significant part of a long-standing discrepancy in the γ component of the decay heat for 239Pu in the 4-3000 s range.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Algora
- IFIC (CSIC-Univ. Valencia), Valencia, Spain and Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
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26
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Walker MM, Murray JA, Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, D’Amato M, Lahr B, Talley NJ, Agreus L. Detection of celiac disease and lymphocytic enteropathy by parallel serology and histopathology in a population-based study. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:112-9. [PMID: 20398668 PMCID: PMC2902605 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although serologic analysis is used in diagnosis of celiac disease, histopathology is considered most reliable. We performed a prospective study to determine the clinical, pathologic, and serologic spectrum of celiac disease in a general population (Kalixanda study). METHODS A random sample of an adult general population (n = 1000) was analyzed by upper endoscopy, duodenal biopsy, and serologic analysis of tissue transglutaminase (tTg) levels; endomysial antibody (EMA) levels were analyzed in samples that were tTg+. The cut off values for diagnosis of celiac disease were villous atrophy with 40 intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs)/100 enterocytes (ECs). RESULTS Samples from 33 subjects were tTg+, and 16 were EMA+. Histologic analysis identified 7 of 1000 subjects (0.7%) with celiac disease; all were tTg+, and 6 of 7 were EMA+. Another 26 subjects were tTg+ (7/26 EMA+). This was addressed by a second quantitative pathology study (nested case control design) using a threshold of 25 IELS/100 ECs. In this analysis, all 13 samples that were tTg+ and EMA+ had > or =25 IELs/100 ECs. In total, 16 subjects (1.6%) had serologic and histologic evidence of gluten-sensitive enteropathy. IELs were quantified in duodenal biopsy samples from seronegative individuals (n = 500); 19 (3.8%) had >25 IELs and lymphocytic duodenosis. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of > or =25 IELs/100 ECs correlated with serologic indicators of celiac disease; a higher IEL threshold could miss 50% of cases. Quantification of tTg is a sensitive test for celiac disease; diagnosis can be confirmed by observation of > or =25 IELs/100ECs in duodenal biopsy specimens. Lymphocytic enteropathy (celiac disease and lymphocytic duodenosis) is common in the population (5.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie M. Walker
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, St. Mary’s Campus, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Joseph A. Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jukka Ronkainen
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pertti Aro
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Storskrubb
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian Lahr
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Talley
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida USA and Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lars Agreus
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Caring Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Agréus L, Storskrubb T, Aro P, Ronkainen J, Talley NJ, Sipponen P. Clinical use of proton-pump inhibitors but not H2-blockers or antacid/alginates raises the serum levels of amidated gastrin-17, pepsinogen I and pepsinogen II in a random adult population. Scand J Gastroenterol 2009; 44:564-70. [PMID: 19263272 DOI: 10.1080/00365520902745062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), H(2) receptor antagonists (H(2)RAs) and antacids/alginates reduce intragastric acidity and may thus influence normal gastric physiology. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of these compounds on serum levels of amidated gastrin-17 (G-17) and pepsinogens (PGI & PGII) in a large, random, adult Swedish population sample with uninfected stomach mucosa. MATERIAL AND METHODS The initial sample subjects (n=1000, mean age 50 years, range 20-80 years) completed a questionnaire on the use of acid inhibitory drugs 1 week and/or 3 months before study entry. All subjects (n=590) with normal gastric mucosa as delineated by serum biomarkers were included. Among them, serum levels of PGI, PGII and G-17 were compared between those who used acid inhibitory drugs and those who did not. RESULTS The serum levels of G-17 or pepsinogens in the subjects who reported use of H(2)RAs (n=18) or antacid/alginates (n=66) during the previous 3 months did not differ from those in non-users (n=471). However, the median levels of G-17 and pepsinogens were significantly (p<0.001) higher among the PPI users (n=35) than among non-users: the levels were approximately doubled. The ratio of PGI/PGII was, however, similar between PPI users and non-users, or those using antacids/alginates or H(2)RAs. Among subjects using PPIs, the serum levels of pepsinogens correlated positively (p<0.01) with the serum levels of G-17. CONCLUSIONS PPIs but not antacids/alginates or H(2)RAs markedly increase the fasting levels of serum amidated G-17 and pepsinogens among ordinary patients in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Agréus
- Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Aro P, Talley NJ, Ronkainen J, Storskrubb T, Vieth M, Johansson SE, Bolling-Sternevald E, Agréus L. Anxiety is associated with uninvestigated and functional dyspepsia (Rome III criteria) in a Swedish population-based study. Gastroenterology 2009; 137:94-100. [PMID: 19328797 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 02/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The Rome III criteria for functional dyspepsia have been changed to include 2 distinct syndromes: postprandial distress syndrome and epigastric pain syndrome. We investigated risk factors for functional dyspepsia among the functional dyspepsia subgroups defined by the Rome III criteria. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional population-based study in a primary care setting (the Kalixanda study). A random sample (n = 2860) of the adult population from 2 northern Swedish municipalities (n = 21,610) was surveyed using a validated postal questionnaire to assess gastrointestinal symptoms (response rate, 74.2%; n = 2122). A randomly selected subgroup (n = 1001) of responders was invited to undergo an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (participation rate, 73.3%) including biopsy specimen collection, Helicobacter pylori culture and serology, and symptom assessments. RESULTS Of the 1001 subjects examined by endoscopy, 202 (20.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 17.7-22.7) were classified as having uninvestigated dyspepsia and 157 (15.7%; 95% CI, 13.4-18.0) as having functional dyspepsia. Major anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score > or = 11) was associated with uninvestigated dyspepsia (odds ratio [OR], 3.01; 95% CI, 1.39-6.54), as was obesity (body mass index > or = 30 kg/m(2)) (OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.15-3.01). Major anxiety was associated with functional dyspepsia and postprandial distress syndrome (OR of 2.56 [95% CI, 1.06-6.19] and 4.35 [95% CI, 1.81-10.46], respectively), as was use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR, 2.49 [95% CI, 1.29-4.78] and 2.75 [95% CI, 1.38-5.50], respectively). Depression was not associated with any dyspepsia group. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety but not depression is linked to uninvestigated dyspepsia, functional dyspepsia, and postprandial distress syndrome but not to epigastric pain syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pertti Aro
- Care Sciences and Society, Department of Neurobiology, Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Walker MM, Talley NJ, Prabhakar M, Pennaneac'h CJ, Aro P, Ronkainen J, Storskrubb T, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR, Agreus L. Duodenal mastocytosis, eosinophilia and intraepithelial lymphocytosis as possible disease markers in the irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 29:765-73. [PMID: 19183150 PMCID: PMC4070654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.03937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) are common functional disorders without defined pathology. Mast cells and eosinophils interact with T lymphocytes and may alter enteric nerve and smooth muscle function. AIM To examine mast cell, eosinophil and intraepithelial lymphocyte populations in duodenal biopsies of subjects with IBS and FD. METHODS A random sample of an adult Swedish population (n = 1001; mean age 54 years; 51% female) underwent upper endoscopy and biopsy; 51 cases with FD and 41 cases with IBS were compared with 48 randomly selected controls. Eosinophils were identified by light microscopy; mast cells by immunocytochemistry (CD117). Intraepithelial lymphocytes were counted per 100 enterocytes. Cell counts were quantified by counting the number per high power field (HPF) in 5HPFs in the bulb (D1) and second part of duodenum (D2), summed over 5HPFs at each site. RESULTS Cases and controls showed similar demographics. Compared to controls, IELs in IBS-constipation were significantly increased (P = 0.005). Mast cells were significantly increased in IBS in D2 (P < 0.001), while eosinophils were significantly increased in FD in D1 and D2 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Duodenal mast cell hyperplasia is linked to IBS and eosinophilia to FD, and duodenal biopsy may identify subsets of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Walker
- Department of Histopathology, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Storskrubb T, Aro P, Ronkainen J, Sipponen P, Nyhlin H, Talley NJ, Engstrand L, Stolte M, Vieth M, Walker M, Agréus L. Serum biomarkers provide an accurate method for diagnosis of atrophic gastritis in a general population: The Kalixanda study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2009; 43:1448-55. [PMID: 18663663 DOI: 10.1080/00365520802273025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serological biomarkers can be used for non-invasive diagnosis of gastritis and atrophic gastritis. The aim of this study was to compare the validity of serum levels of pepsinogen I (PGI) and II (PGII), gastrin-17 (G-17) and Helicobacter pylori antibodies (Hpab) with that of the gold standard histology for diagnosis of atrophic gastritis in a population sample from Northern Sweden. MATERIAL AND METHODS In all, 1000 subjects underwent endoscopies with biopsies. Serum biomarkers were available in 976 subjects for independent diagnosis of gastric mucosal status using a predetermined diagnostic algorithm. RESULTS Overall agreement between histology and serological biomarkers in diagnosing corpus atrophy was 96% (CI 95%: 95-97%). Sensitivity and specificity of markers for atrophic gastritis were 71% (CI 68-74%) and 98% (CI 97-99%) respectively, corresponding to 69% (CI 95%: 66-72%) and 98% (95% CI 97-99%) positive and negative predictive values. The positive likelihood ratio was 35.5 (95% CI: 35.0-36.0%). In subgroups with normal stomachs, H. pylori non-atrophic gastritis and H. pylori-negative gastritis by histology, the prevalence of corpus atrophy diagnosed with the biomarkers was 0.8% and 4.9%, respectively. In total, 6.6% of subjects in the study population had corpus atrophy according to the serological biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS. Serological biomarkers show a high degree of accuracy as a non-invasive method to diagnose corpus atrophy, which is common in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Storskrubb
- Centre for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Bolling-Sternevald E, Aro P, Ronkainen J, Storskrubb T, Talley NJ, Junghard O, Agréus L. Do gastrointestinal symptoms fluctuate in the short-term perspective? The Kalixanda study. Dig Dis 2008; 26:256-63. [PMID: 18463445 DOI: 10.1159/000121356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Short-term fluctuation of gastrointestinal symptoms in the general population is largely unknown. We aimed to determine gastrointestinal symptom fluctuation in an random adult population using a validated questionnaire assessing gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODS A representative sample (n = 2,860) of the population (n = 21,610, 20-81 years of age; mean age 50.4 years) in Northern Sweden was studied. The subjects were asked to complete the questionnaire on two occasions [mean 2.5 months (range 1-6)], firstly via mail and secondly at a visit to the clinic. An upper endoscopy was performed after the last assessment of symptoms. RESULTS 2,122 individuals (74.2%) completed the initial questionnaire; 1,001 of these (mean age 54.1 years, 48.8 males) completed the second questionnaire. On the first occasion, 40% of the subjects were symptom-free (20.2%) or could not be classified according to their symptom pattern, of those with symptoms 39% reported troublesome reflux symptoms, 40% dyspeptic symptoms and 30% irritable bowel symptoms. Symptom overlap occurred in more than two thirds of the subjects. At the second visit 75% of the subjects who had reported dyspeptic complaints still reported such complaints. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based study, gastrointestinal symptoms were common. Some symptom fluctuation occurred in the shorter term, but troublesome gastrointestinal complaints remained in approximately 90% of subjects over a 1-6-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bolling-Sternevald
- Centre for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Talley NJ, Walker MM, Aro P, Ronkainen J, Storskrubb T, Hindley LA, Harmsen WS, Zinsmeister AR, Agréus L. Non-ulcer dyspepsia and duodenal eosinophilia: an adult endoscopic population-based case-control study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007; 5:1175-83. [PMID: 17686660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Functional abnormalities of the duodenum have been observed in non-ulcer dyspepsia. We aimed to identify whether eosinophils in the upper gastrointestinal tract are a biomarker for non-ulcer dyspepsia. METHODS A random sample of an adult Swedish population (n = 1001; mean age, 54 y; 51% female) underwent upper endoscopy. Non-ulcer dyspepsia cases (n = 51, Rome II) and randomly selected controls (n = 48) were identified. Two blinded independent observers assessed the gastroduodenal eosinophil counts. Eosinophils were quantified by counting the number per 5 high-power fields at each of 5 sites (cardia, body, antrum, D1 duodenal bulb, and D2 second portion of duodenum), and total counts were summed over the 5 fields at each site. RESULTS The odds ratio for non-ulcer dyspepsia (vs asymptomatic controls) in subjects with high duodenal bulb eosinophil counts (median, >/=22, relative to <22) was 11.7 (95% confidence interval, 3.9-34.9), adjusting for age, sex, and H pylori; similar results were observed in D2 (odds ratio = 7.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.9-18.1). A significant association with the number of eosinophil clusters was detected in the duodenum, with higher values in non-ulcer dyspepsia (P < .01). By immunostaining with major basic protein antibody in a subset of duodenal biopsy specimens, eosinophil degranulation was observed in non-ulcer dyspepsia (7 of 15 vs 0 of 5 controls; P = .11). Gastric eosinophil counts were overall not significantly increased in non-ulcer dyspepsia vs controls. Early satiety was associated with eosinophilia in D1 (P = .01) and D2 (P = .02), adjusting for age, sex, and H pylori. CONCLUSIONS Duodenal eosinophilia may characterize a subset of adults with non-ulcer dyspepsia.
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Ronkainen J, Talley NJ, Aro P, Storskrubb T, Johansson SE, Lind T, Bolling-Sternevald E, Vieth M, Stolte M, Walker MM, Agréus L. Prevalence of oesophageal eosinophils and eosinophilic oesophagitis in adults: the population-based Kalixanda study. Gut 2007; 56:615-20. [PMID: 17135307 PMCID: PMC1942149 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2006.107714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic oesophagitis may be increasing but the prevalence in the general population remains unknown. Our aim was to assess this and the presence of eosinophils in the distal oesophageal epithelium in the community. METHODS Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed in a random sample (n = 1000) of the adult Swedish population (mean age 54 years, 49% men). Oesophageal biopsy samples were obtained from 2 cm above, and at, the Z-line. Any eosinophil infiltration of the epithelium was defined as "eosinophils present". Definite eosinophilic oesophagitis was defined as > or =20, probable as 15-19, and possible as 5-14 eosinophils/high-power field (HPF, at magnification x 40) in oesophageal biopsy specimens. RESULTS Eosinophils were present in 48 subjects (4.8%, 95% CI 3.5 to 6.1%, mean age 54 years, 63% men), in 54% without troublesome reflux symptoms. Definite eosinophilic oesophagitis was present in four subjects (0.4%, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.8%, mean age 51 years, 75% men) and probable eosinophilic oesophagitis in seven subjects (0.7%, 95% CI 0.2 to 1.2%, mean age 58 years, 43% men). Erosive oesophagitis (OR = 2.99, 95% CI 1.58 to 5.66) and absence of dyspepsia (OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.75) and Helicobacter pylori infection (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.92) were independent predictors for "eosinophils present". Definite eosinophilic oesophagitis was associated with dysphagia (2/66 vs 2/926, p = 0.025), and probable eosinophilic oesophagitis with narrowing of the oesophageal lumen (2/15 vs 5/978, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Oesophageal eosinophils were present in nearly 5% of the general population; approximately 1% had definite or probable eosinophilic oesophagitis. Oesophageal eosinophils may be a manifestation of reflux disease in adults, but the condition is as likely to be asymptomatic and go unrecognised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Ronkainen
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Centre for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Storskrubb T, Aro P, Ronkainen J, Wreiber K, Nyhlin H, Bolling-Sternevald E, Talley NJ, Engstrand L, Agréus L. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori strains in a random adult Swedish population. Helicobacter 2006; 11:224-30. [PMID: 16882324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2006.00414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Antimicrobial resistance in Helicobacter pylori is a growing problem and has become an important factor leading to eradication failure. Information on antimicrobial susceptibility is important for selection of an optimum treatment regimen. The resistance rate in a random population has not been studied previously. METHODS A random Swedish population sample (n = 3000, age 20-1 years) was surveyed using a mailed validated questionnaire assessing gastrointestinal symptoms (response rate of 74%). One-third of the responders was invited, in random order, and accepted an esophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsies for H. pylori culture and histology. Subjects were not treated for their H. pylori infection but a minimum inhibitory concentration of metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and tetracycline for the H. pylori isolates (n = 333) was determined by agar dilution. Prescribed antibiotic in the area was recorded. RESULTS Irrespective of symptomatology, 16.2% of the isolated H. pylori strains were resistant to metronidazole, 1.5% to clarithromycin, 0% to amoxicillin, and 0.3% to tetracycline. The antibiotic consumption was low from an international perspective. CONCLUSION The resistance to the antibiotics was lower than expected from patient sample studies, especially for clarithromycin, most probably due to a restrictive prescription policy in the area. Introduction of a test-and-treat strategy in Sweden would only marginally affect the usage of clarithromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Storskrubb
- Centre for Family and Community Medicine, Department of Neurotec, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, Lind T, Bolling-Sternevald E, Junghard O, Talley NJ, Agreus L. Gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms and health-related quality of life in the adult general population--the Kalixanda study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 23:1725-33. [PMID: 16817916 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms on health-related quality of life in the general population is poorly characterized. AIM To identify the frequency of troublesome reflux symptoms associated with impaired health-related quality of life in the general population. METHODS A representative random sample of 3000 adult inhabitants of northern Sweden was surveyed using the validated Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire (response rate 74%). In total, 1001 random responders were endoscoped and assessed using the Short Form-36 Health Survey. RESULTS Complete data were obtained for 999 subjects: 6% reported reflux symptoms (heartburn and/or regurgitation) daily, 14% weekly and 20% less than weekly during the previous 3 months. Compared with no reflux symptoms, a clinically relevant impairment of health-related quality of life (>or=5 points and P < 0.05) was seen in all eight Short Form-36 dimensions for daily symptoms, in five dimensions for weekly symptoms and in one dimension for less than weekly symptoms. There were no meaningful differences in Short Form-36 scores between subjects with and without oesophagitis. CONCLUSIONS Most aspects of health-related quality of life were impaired in individuals with daily or weekly reflux symptoms. Troublesome reflux symptoms at least weekly may identify gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ronkainen
- Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Aro P, Storskrubb T, Ronkainen J, Bolling-Sternevald E, Engstrand L, Vieth M, Stolte M, Talley NJ, Agréus L. Peptic ulcer disease in a general adult population: the Kalixanda study: a random population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 163:1025-34. [PMID: 16554343 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwj129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors' aim in this study was to explore the prevalence, symptomatology, and risk factors for peptic ulcer in a general adult population. Between December 1998 and June 2001, the authors surveyed a random sample (n=3,000) of the adult population (n=21,610) in two communities in northern Sweden using a validated questionnaire, the Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire (response rate=74%). A subsample (n=1,001) of the responders was randomly invited to undergo esophagogastroduodenoscopy and symptom assessment (response rate=73%). The prevalence of peptic ulcer was 4.1% (20 gastric ulcers and 21 duodenal ulcers). Nausea and gastroesophageal reflux were significant predictors of peptic ulcer disease, but epigastric pain/discomfort was not. Six persons with gastric ulcer and two persons with duodenal ulcer were asymptomatic. Eight subjects with duodenal ulcer (38%) lacked evidence of current Helicobacter pylori infection. Five (25%) of the gastric ulcers and four (19%) of the duodenal ulcers were idiopathic (no use of aspirin or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, no H. pylori infection). Smoking, aspirin use, and obesity were risk factors for gastric ulcer; smoking, low-dose (<or=160 mg) aspirin use, and H. pylori infection were risk factors for duodenal ulcer. Peptic ulcer disease often coexists with atypical symptoms or no symptoms at all, and idiopathic duodenal ulcer may be more common than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pertti Aro
- Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ronkainen J, Tervonen O. Cost analysis of an open low-field (0.23T) MRI unit: effect of procedure shares in combined imaging, interventional, and neurosurgical use. Acta Radiol 2006; 47:359-65. [PMID: 16739694 DOI: 10.1080/02841850500537698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the cost structure of procedures performed in a multipurpose interventional magnetic resonance imaging (IMRI) unit and to analyze the effect of procedure shares on cost structure. MATERIAL AND METHODS During a 1-year period, 691 procedures were performed in the IMRI unit, of which 563 were diagnostic MRI examinations, 89 MRI-guided interventions, and 39 MRI-guided neurosurgical operations. Three alternative utilization models of IMRI were created to simulate different local institutions by adjusting the proportions of different procedures. The costs of procedures were calculated by activity-based cost analysis. RESULTS The cost of the main procedure (imaging, biopsy, injection, or operation) was the most significant item in all procedures, accounting for 66-89% of the total costs. The volume of imaging has a major effect on unit costs. Volume is not such a deterministic factor in interventions due to the high material costs. The volume of neurosurgical use of IMRI has a major effect on the costs of radiological procedures due to the long operation times. CONCLUSION The volumes of different procedures done on an IMRI unit have significant effects on the unit costs of the procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ronkainen
- Department of Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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Ronkainen J, Blanco Sequeiros R, Tervonen O. Cost comparison of low-field (0.23 T) MRI-guided laser ablation and surgery in the treatment of osteoid osteoma. Eur Radiol 2006; 16:2858-65. [PMID: 16639493 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-006-0266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2005] [Revised: 03/05/2006] [Accepted: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the costs of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided laser ablation and to compare them with the costs of surgery in the treatment of osteoid osteoma. Seven patients with osteoid osteoma were treated with MRI-guided interstitial laser ablation during 1 year. The reference material consisted of six patients whose osteoid osteoma was treated surgically by either superficial or deep excision with metallic fixation. The costs were analyzed by using activity-based cost accounting. The mean cost of the MRI-guided laser ablation was 2,392 euros and of the excision of superficially located osteoid osteoma 1,807 euros. The cost of excision of deeply located osteoma with metallic fixation was considerably higher (4,996 euros). This was due to the higher material, personnel, and ward costs. The cost of MRI-guided laser ablation of osteoid osteoma was higher than the cost of surgical excision of a superficial osteoma but considerably lower than the cost of excision of a deeply located osteoma where metallic fixation was needed. When the number and mean cost of sick days or days of restricted weight bearing were also included, the cost of MRI-guided laser ablation was lower than the costs of either superficial or deep excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ronkainen
- Department of Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 50, FIN-90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland.
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Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, Johansson SE, Lind T, Bolling-Sternevald E, Vieth M, Stolte M, Talley NJ, Agréus L. Prevalence of Barrett's esophagus in the general population: an endoscopic study. Gastroenterology 2005; 129:1825-31. [PMID: 16344051 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Barrett's esophagus (BE) is associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma, the incidence of which has been increasing dramatically. The prevalence of BE in the general population is uncertain because upper endoscopy is required for diagnosis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of BE and possible associated risk factors in an adult Swedish population. METHODS A random sample (n = 3000) of the adult population (n = 21,610) in 2 municipalities was surveyed using a validated gastrointestinal symptom questionnaire (response rate, 74%); a random subsample (n = 1000; mean age, 53.5 years; 51% female) underwent upper endoscopy. Endoscopic signs suggestive of columnar-lined esophagus (CLE) were defined as mucosal tongues or an upward shift of the squamocolumnar junction. BE was diagnosed when specialized intestinal metaplasia was detected histologically in suspected CLE. RESULTS BE was present in 16 subjects (1.6%; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.4): 5 with a long segment and 11 with a short segment. Overall, 40% reported reflux symptoms and 15.5% showed esophagitis; 103 (10%) had suspected CLE, and 12 (1.2%) had a visible segment > or = 2 cm. The prevalence of BE in those with reflux symptoms was 2.3% and in those without reflux symptoms was 1.2% (P = .18). In those with esophagitis, the prevalence was 2.6%; in those without, the prevalence was 1.4% (P = .32). Alcohol (P = .04) and smoking (P = .047) were independent risk factors for BE. CONCLUSIONS BE was found in 1.6% of the general Swedish population. Alcohol and smoking were significant risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Ronkainen
- Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Aro P, Ronkainen J, Talley NJ, Storskrubb T, Bolling-Sternevald E, Agréus L. Body mass index and chronic unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms: an adult endoscopic population based study. Gut 2005; 54:1377-83. [PMID: 15917313 PMCID: PMC1774688 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.057497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine whether obese subjects experience more gastro-oesophageal reflux (GORS) symptoms than normal subjects, and further to determine if this association was explained by oesophagitis or medications that lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. METHODS In a representative Swedish population, a random sample (n = 1001, mean age 53.5 years, 51% women) had upper endoscopy. GORS was defined as any bothersome heartburn or acid regurgitation. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity (body mass index > or =30) was 16%; oesophagitis was significantly more prevalent in obesity (26.5%) than in normal subjects (9.3%). There were associations between obesity and GORS (odds ratio (OR) 2.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39, 3.01)), epigastric pain (OR 1.63 (95% CI 1.05, 2.55)), irritable bowel symptoms (OR 1.58 (95% CI 1.05, 2.38)), any abdominal pain (OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.08, 2.35)), vomiting (OR 3.11 (95% CI 1.18, 8.20)), retching (OR 1.74 (95% CI 1.1.3, 2.67)), diarrhoea (OR 2.2 (95% CI 1.38, 3.46)), any stool urgency (OR 1.60 (95% CI 1.04, 2.47)), nocturnal urgency (OR 2.57 (95% CI 1.33, 4.98)), and incomplete rectal evacuation (OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.09, 2.47)), adjusting for age, sex, and education. When subjects with oesophagitis and peptic ulcer were excluded, only diarrhoea, incomplete evacuation, and vomiting were significantly associated with obesity. The association between GORS and obesity remained significant adjusting for medication use (OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.3, 3.0)). CONCLUSIONS GORS is associated with obesity; this appears to be explained by increased upper endoscopy findings in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aro
- Center for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institiutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ronkainen J, Aro P, Storskrubb T, Johansson SE, Lind T, Bolling-Sternevald E, Graffner H, Vieth M, Stolte M, Engstrand L, Talley NJ, Agréus L. High prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and esophagitis with or without symptoms in the general adult Swedish population: a Kalixanda study report. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005; 40:275-85. [PMID: 15932168 DOI: 10.1080/00365520510011579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastroesophageal reflux disease has been reported to be a common burden on health-care resources in the Western world, but its manifestations in the general population are as yet unclear. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of, and to identify the risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) and erosive esophagitis (EE) in the adult population of two Swedish municipalities. MATERIAL AND METHODS A random sample (n =3000) of the adult population (20-81 years of age) of two Swedish municipalities (n =21,610) was surveyed using a validated postal questionnaire assessing gastrointestinal symptoms. The response rate was 74%. A subsample (n = 1000) of the responders was subsequently invited, in random order, for esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy with evaluation of GERS, risk factors and tests for Helicobacter pylori. RESULTS GERS were reported by 40.0% and EE was found in 15.5% of the population that had undergone endoscopy. Of those with GERS, 24.5% had EE while 36.8% of those with EE reported no GERS. Hiatus hernia and obesity remained significant risk factors for GERS and/or EE, with or without symptoms in a main effect model (OR up to 14 at EE). Those with active H. pylori infection had a higher risk of GERS without EE than those without H. pylori infection (OR = 1.71 (1.23 2.38)). CONCLUSIONS GERS and EE (of which one-third is asymptomatic) are highly prevalent in the Swedish adult population. H. pylori infection seems to play a role in the manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Ronkainen
- Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Storskrubb T, Aro P, Ronkainen J, Vieth M, Stolte M, Wreiber K, Engstrand L, Nyhlin H, Bolling-Sternevald E, Talley NJ, Agréus L. A negative Helicobacter pylori serology test is more reliable for exclusion of premalignant gastric conditions than a negative test for current H. pylori infection: a report on histology and H. pylori detection in the general adult population. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005; 40:302-11. [PMID: 15932171 DOI: 10.1080/00365520410010625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Corpus-dominant gastritis, gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia (IM) associated with Helicobacter pylori infection are all known potential risk markers for the development of gastric cancer. As the accuracy for finding cases at risk in the general population is unknown, we aimed to determine the prevalence of current and/or past H. pylori infection and associated gastric mucosal findings by means of histological survey of a random adult population. MATERIAL AND METHODS A random Swedish sample (n = 3000, age 20-81 years) was surveyed using a validated gastrointestinal symptom questionnaire with 74% response rate. One-third of the responders were selected at random for esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy with biopsies and H. pylori serology. RESULTS Of those endoscoped (n = 1000, mean age 53.5, 51% women), 43.0% were H. pylori+ by serology (seropositive), 33.9% had signs of current infection on either histology or culture (gold standard+), and 9.3% were seropositive, but gold standard negative. Corpus atrophy was found in 10% and IM in 13% when gold standard positive, and in a significantly higher number (17% and 21%, respectively) of those with only a serological sign of past infection. Among those who were seronegative, values were 1% and 2%, respectively. Corpus-dominant gastritis was found in 4.1%, all seropositive. CONCLUSION One-third had an ongoing H. pylori infection, and a further 10% had signs of past infection. Corpus-dominant gastritis was found mostly among the former, while detection of those with corpus atrophy and IM also required a test for past infection. Seronegativity almost excludes precancerous conditions in a screening situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Storskrubb
- Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Aro P, Ronkainen J, Storskrubb T, Bolling-Sternevald E, Carlsson R, Johansson SE, Vieth M, Stolte M, Engstrand L, Talley NJ, Agréus L. Valid symptom reporting at upper endoscopy in a random sample of the Swedish adult general population: the Kalixanda study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004; 39:1280-8. [PMID: 15743007 DOI: 10.1080/00365520410008141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper oesophagogastroduodenoscopy is considered to be the gold standard for upper gastrointestinal disease assessment, but is currently seldom used in epidemiological studies. One concern is that the procedure may bias sampling among volunteers in a general adult population. The aim of this study was to explore whether the procedure affects symptom reporting. METHODS A random sample of 3000 adults aged 20-81 years (mean age 50.4), from two Swedish municipalities (n=21,610) was surveyed using a validated postal questionnaire (the Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire) assessing gastrointestinal symptoms. A subsample of the responders was invited, in random order, to undergo an upper endoscopy and repeated symptom reporting using the same questionnaire, as well as a serology test for Helicobacter pylori. RESULTS The response rate to the initial questionnaire was 74.2% and the participation rate for those eligible for the upper endoscopy was 73.3% (n = 1001, mean age 54.0 years, 48.8% male). No major social or symptom sampling error was encountered from the selection process, with the exception of an excess of symptom reporters among the youngest subjects. The prevalence of reflux symptoms, dyspeptic symptoms and irritable bowel symptoms was 40%, 37.6% and 29.6%, respectively, which is relatively high, but in no way extreme. CONCLUSIONS The upper endoscopy survey strategy was successful. The response rate was high and there was no major selection bias of clinical relevance. The cohort selected for this study appears to be representative of the general Swedish adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aro
- Centre for Family Medicine Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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Aro P, Ronkainen J, Storskrubb T, Bolling-Sternevald E, Svärdsudd K, Talley NJ, Junghard O, Johansson SE, Wiklund I, Agréus L. Validation of the translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Finnish of the Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Complaint Score Questionnaire. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004; 39:1201-8. [PMID: 15742996 DOI: 10.1080/00365520410008132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological surveys require questionnaires to be validated in the native language of the participants. The aim of this study was to validate the Finnish translations of the Abdominal Symptom Questionnaire (ASQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and the Complaint Score Questionnaire (CSQ). METHODS A random sample of adults (n = 3000) in a northern Swedish bilingual district was surveyed using a mailed ASQ offered in both SwedIsh and Finnish, and 2122 responded (239 in Finnish). A random subsample of the responders (n = 1001, 123 preferring Finish) was then surveyed once more using the ASQ, the HAD and the CSQ. The first 50 responders of the latter survey were then given the three questionnaires again within two weeks. The Finnish versions had been put through a comprehensive translation procedure RESULTS A factor analysis comparison between the responders using either language in the mailed survey gave a comparable factor construction, and this was also comparable with an earlier analysis of the Swedish version. The Finnish responses to the second survey were further evaluated by testing internal consistency reliability, convergent validity towards previously validated relevant instruments (ShortForm-36 and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale) and the test/re-test accuracy of the three questionnaires. These were found to be reliable, as was the correlation between the ASQ and the CSQ, for relevant domains. CONCLUSION The Finnish translations of the ASQ, HAD and CSQ questionnaires all seem to be robust and usable for population-based surveys among Finnish adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aro
- Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ronkainen J, Ala-Houhala M, Huttunen NP, Jahnukainen T, Koskimies O, Ormälä T, Nuutinen M. Outcome of Henoch-Schoenlein nephritis with nephrotic-range proteinuria. Clin Nephrol 2003; 60:80-4. [PMID: 12940608 DOI: 10.5414/cnp60080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PATIENTS AND METHODS All children with Henoch-Schoenlein glomerulonephritis (HSP-GN) and nephrotic-range proteinuria (> 40 mg/h/m2), treated at 5 university hospitals and in 1 central hospital in Finland during in 1990-1997, were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age of these 19 patients (8 girls, 11 boys) at the time of diagnosis was 9.9 years (range 4.6-15.1 years). A renal biopsy had been performed in all cases, giving findings according to the classification used in the International Study of Kidney Diseases in Children (ISKDC) of grade II (4 patients), grade III (10), grade IV (4) and grade V (1). Six patients underwent a second biopsy. RESULTS The yearly incidence of nephrotic-range HSP-GN in Finland was 2 per 1 million children under 15 years of age. After a mean follow-up of 4.6 years (range 9 months-9.1 years), 3 patients (15.7%) had no signs of nephritis, 11 (57.9%) had proteinuria < 1 g/day or microscopic hematuria, 2 (10.5%) had proteinuria > 1 g/day, and 3 (15.7%) had developed ESRD or uremia. 47% of the patients needed medication for proteinuria at the time of the latest follow-up. The first kidney biopsy did not predict the outcome of HSP-GN, since all the patients with the poorest outcome had only ISKDC II-III findings in their first biopsy. CONCLUSION According to our series, the morbidity in cases of HSP-GN with nephrotic-range proteinuria is high and a close clinical follow-up is needed. The treatment of HSP-GN patients should be based on the clinical presentation rather than on the biopsy findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ronkainen
- Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Ronkainen J, Nuutinen M, Koskimies O. [Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children]. Duodecim 2002; 116:2339-46; quiz 2346, 2389. [PMID: 12053360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Ronkainen
- OYS:n lastentautien klinikka PL 22, 90220 Oulu.
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