1
|
Wood K, Nussbaum D, Martz C, Waters A, Barrera A, Rutter J, Cerda-Smith C, Stewart A, Wu C, Cakir M, Levandowski C, Kantrowitz D, McCall S, Pierobon M, Petricoin E, Smith J, Der C, Taatjes D. Mediator Kinase Inhibition Impedes Transcriptional Plasticity and Prevents Resistance to ERK/MAPK-Targeted Therapy in KRAS-Mutant Cancers. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3511242. [PMID: 37961649 PMCID: PMC10635398 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3511242/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Acquired resistance remains a major challenge for therapies targeting oncogene activated pathways. KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in human cancers, yet strategies targeting its downstream signaling kinases have failed to produce durable treatment responses. Here, we developed multiple models of acquired resistance to dual-mechanism ERK/MAPK inhibitors across KRAS-mutant pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers, and then probed the long-term events enabling survival against this class of drugs. These studies revealed that resistance emerges secondary to large-scale transcriptional adaptations that are diverse and cell line-specific. Transcriptional reprogramming extends beyond the well-established early response, and instead represents a dynamic, evolved process that is refined to attain a stably resistant phenotype. Mechanistic and translational studies reveal that resistance to dual-mechanism ERK/MAPK inhibition is broadly susceptible to manipulation of the epigenetic machinery, and that Mediator kinase, in particular, can be co-targeted at a bottleneck point to prevent diverse, cell line-specific resistance programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Wu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariaelena Pierobon
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University
| | | | - J Smith
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Channing Der
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wieder N, Fried JC, Kim C, Sidhom EH, Brown MR, Marshall JL, Arevalo C, Dvela-Levitt M, Kost-Alimova M, Sieber J, Gabriel KR, Pacheco J, Clish C, Abbasi HS, Singh S, Rutter J, Therrien M, Yoon H, Lai ZW, Baublis A, Subramanian R, Devkota R, Small J, Sreekanth V, Han M, Lim D, Carpenter AE, Flannick J, Finucane H, Haigis MC, Claussnitzer M, Sheu E, Stevens B, Wagner BK, Choudhary A, Shaw JL, Pablo JL, Greka A. FALCON systematically interrogates free fatty acid biology and identifies a novel mediator of lipotoxicity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.02.19.529127. [PMID: 36865221 PMCID: PMC9979987 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.19.529127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellular exposure to free fatty acids (FFA) is implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated diseases. However, studies to date have assumed that a few select FFAs are representative of broad structural categories, and there are no scalable approaches to comprehensively assess the biological processes induced by exposure to diverse FFAs circulating in human plasma. Furthermore, assessing how these FFA- mediated processes interact with genetic risk for disease remains elusive. Here we report the design and implementation of FALCON (Fatty Acid Library for Comprehensive ONtologies) as an unbiased, scalable and multimodal interrogation of 61 structurally diverse FFAs. We identified a subset of lipotoxic monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) with a distinct lipidomic profile associated with decreased membrane fluidity. Furthermore, we developed a new approach to prioritize genes that reflect the combined effects of exposure to harmful FFAs and genetic risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Importantly, we found that c-MAF inducing protein (CMIP) protects cells from exposure to FFAs by modulating Akt signaling and we validated the role of CMIP in human pancreatic beta cells. In sum, FALCON empowers the study of fundamental FFA biology and offers an integrative approach to identify much needed targets for diverse diseases associated with disordered FFA metabolism. Highlights FALCON (Fatty Acid Library for Comprehensive ONtologies) enables multimodal profiling of 61 free fatty acids (FFAs) to reveal 5 FFA clusters with distinct biological effectsFALCON is applicable to many and diverse cell typesA subset of monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) equally or more toxic than canonical lipotoxic saturated FAs (SFAs) leads to decreased membrane fluidityNew approach prioritizes genes that represent the combined effects of environmental (FFA) exposure and genetic risk for diseaseC-Maf inducing protein (CMIP) is identified as a suppressor of FFA-induced lipotoxicity via Akt-mediated signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Wieder
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliana Coraor Fried
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Choah Kim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Eriene-Heidi Sidhom
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | | | | | - Moran Dvela-Levitt
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Jonas Sieber
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Systems, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Clary Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | - Justine Rutter
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | | | - Haejin Yoon
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Harvard Chan Advanced Multiomics Platform, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Aaron Baublis
- Harvard Chan Advanced Multiomics Platform, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Renuka Subramanian
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranjan Devkota
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonnell Small
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vedagopuram Sreekanth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Donghyun Lim
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | | | - Jason Flannick
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilary Finucane
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia C. Haigis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Sheu
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth Stevens
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Boston Children’s Hospital, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amit Choudhary
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Divisions of Renal Medicine and Engineering, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Greka
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Lead Contact
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Larson E, DeMeo D, Johnson A, Young A, Margevicius S, Rutter J, Davies A, Korman N, Travers J, Rohan C, McCormick T, Cooper K. 816 Circulating monocyte biomarkers are predictive and responsive in psoriasis subjects treated with apremilast. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
4
|
Harcourt SE, Morbey RA, Loveridge P, Carrilho L, Baynham D, Povey E, Fox P, Rutter J, Moores P, Tiffen J, Bellerby S, McIntosh P, Large S, McMenamin J, Reynolds A, Ibbotson S, Smith GE, Elliot AJ. Developing and validating a new national remote health advice syndromic surveillance system in England. J Public Health (Oxf) 2017; 39:184-192. [PMID: 26956114 PMCID: PMC6092922 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdw013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Public Health England (PHE) coordinates a suite of real-time national syndromic surveillance systems monitoring general practice, emergency department and remote health advice data. We describe the development and informal evaluation of a new syndromic surveillance system using NHS 111 remote health advice data. Methods NHS 111 syndromic indicators were monitored daily at national and local level. Statistical models were applied to daily data to identify significant exceedances; statistical baselines were developed for each syndrome and area using a multi-level hierarchical mixed effects model. Results Between November 2013 and October 2014, there were on average 19 095 NHS 111 calls each weekday and 43 084 each weekend day in the PHE dataset. There was a predominance of females using the service (57%); highest percentage of calls received was in the age group 1-4 years (14%). This system was used to monitor respiratory and gastrointestinal infections over the winter of 2013-14, the potential public health impact of severe flooding across parts of southern England and poor air quality episodes across England in April 2014. Conclusions This new system complements and supplements the existing PHE syndromic surveillance systems and is now integrated into the routine daily processes that form this national syndromic surveillance service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Harcourt
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
| | - R. A. Morbey
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
| | - P. Loveridge
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
| | - L. Carrilho
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
| | - D. Baynham
- South Central Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Bicester OX26 6HR, UK
| | - E. Povey
- Digital Assessment Service, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Leeds BL1 2AX, UK
| | - P. Fox
- NHS Pathways, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Leeds LS1 4HR, UK
| | - J. Rutter
- NHS Pathways, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Leeds LS1 4HR, UK
| | - P. Moores
- Operations and Assurance Services, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Exeter EX2 5SE, UK
| | - J. Tiffen
- NHS Choices, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Southampton SO30 2UN, UK
| | - S. Bellerby
- NHS Choices, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Southampton SO30 2UN, UK
| | - P. McIntosh
- NHS Pathways, Health and Social Care Information Centre, Leeds LS1 4HR, UK
| | - S. Large
- Nursing and Quality Directorate, NHS England, South Region, UK
| | - J. McMenamin
- Respiratory Team, Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow G2 6QE, UK
| | - A. Reynolds
- Respiratory Team, Health Protection Scotland, Glasgow G2 6QE, UK
| | - S. Ibbotson
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
| | - G. E. Smith
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
| | - A. J. Elliot
- Real-time Syndromic Surveillance Team, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Birmingham B3 2PW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scott GK, Rutter J, Frazier K, Rothschild D, Yau C, Benz C. Abstract 5402: A new anticancer strategy based on inhibiting mitochondrial proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and exploiting synthetic lethal interactions with p53 restoration and/or glutaminase (GLS1) inhibition. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
From prokaryotes to the highest eukaryotes, proline is catabolized by a unique and structurally conserved flavoprotein, proline dehydrogenase (PRODH). In eukaryotes PRODH associates with the inner mitochondrial membrane and catalyzes the first and rate limiting catabolic step, transferring two electrons to the electron transport chain where they can produce ATP and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS). Following recognition that PRODH is one of the most strongly upregulated genes by the tumor suppressing protein, p53, its capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce apoptosis initially qualified it as a tumor suppressing response, mediating the effects of p53 upregulation). However, we have definitively shown that while PRODH can induce mitochondrial ROS production it does so almost exclusively at other mitochondrial sites (e.g. complex I) via its anaplerotic glutamate production and not directly by itself. Furthermore, our recent studies indicate that PRODH critically supports breast cancer cell growth and survival by consuming proline for anaplerotic glutamate production, bypassing glutaminase (GLS1) to fuel oxidative phosphorylation and sustain ATP levels. We now show that PRODH knockdown, as well as its enzymatic inhibition by proline competitive inhibitors like L-tetrahydro-2-furoic acid (L-THFA) or (S)-5-oxo-2-tetrahydrofurancarboxylic acid (5-oxo), induce breast cancer cell apoptosis (cleaved PARP)and reduce viable cell growth within 48 h. Given that PRODH can provide an alternate source of mitochondrial glutamate for glutamine addicted and GLS1-dependent cancer cells, we evaluated the expression microarray profiles of 51 different human breast cancer lines and found a significant breast cancer subtype association with PRODH expression (luminal and HER2+ > basal-like), and also a strong inverse correlation between PRODH and GLS1 expression, suggesting that one or the other of these mitochondrial pathways is needed to feed breast cancer's anaplerotic addiction to glutamate. Consistent with our hypothesis of synthetic lethal interactions between PRODH, p53wt upregulation and glutamine addiction, we combined PRODH knockdown or enzymatic inhibition with either a p53wt restoring drug (e.g. MI-63, nutlin-3a) or a clinical glutaminase (GLS1) inhibitor (CB-839, Calithera) and observed synergistic induction of apoptosis and growth inhibition against malignant (e.g. MCF7, ZR-75-1, DU4475) but not normal (MCF10A) breast epithelial cells. Using an in vitro mitochondrial PRODH bioassay and a computationally based structural model of human PRODH's catalytic site, we are now designing new competitive and mechanism-based irreversible PRODH inhibitors capable of exploiting these synthetic lethal interactions to develop more effective and less toxic cancer therapy.
Citation Format: Gary K. Scott, Justine Rutter, Katya Frazier, Daniel Rothschild, Christina Yau, Christopher Benz. A new anticancer strategy based on inhibiting mitochondrial proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and exploiting synthetic lethal interactions with p53 restoration and/or glutaminase (GLS1) inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5402. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5402
Collapse
|
6
|
Rutter J, Macinga DR. O006: Development of a method to simulate practical use conditions of hygienic handrubs. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013. [PMCID: PMC3687733 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-2-s1-o6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Rutter
- GOJO Industries, Inc., Akron, USA
| | - DR Macinga
- GOJO Industries, Inc., Akron, USA,Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Edmonds S, Zapka C, Rutter J, Fricker C, Arbogast J, Macinga D, McCormack R. P027: Semmelweis versus C. difficile: efficacy of chlorinated lime and other hand hygiene interventions. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2013. [PMCID: PMC3688169 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-2-s1-p27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
8
|
McEntee JE, Henderson SL, Rutter PM, Rutter J, Davis HJ, Randall CJ. A survey of UK dental health professionals using a medicines information service: what questions do they ask and do they get useful answers? Br Dent J 2011; 211:17-21. [PMID: 21738182 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dentists prescribe a limited range of medicines but it is important that they consider the effects of all medicines their patients are taking when providing dental care. In the UK, a national medicines information (UKMi) service funded by the National Health Service is available to advise health professionals on prescribing and to support evidence-based practice. This paper presents the results of a survey of 151 dental health professionals who contacted the UKMi service for advice. Enquiries most commonly involved antibiotics (32%), but dental health professionals also asked for advice on legal issues relating to medicines (10%), and on managing patients receiving bisphosphonates (9%), local anaesthetics (6%) and antiplatelet drugs (5%). One hundred and forty-six (97%) enquirers used the advice provided: for managing current patients, planning the care of future patients, for continuing professional development and teaching others. Two thirds of enquirers used the information provided to check if current or proposed management was appropriate, one half to change therapy and over one quarter to identify, manage or avoid adverse effects or drug interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E McEntee
- Medicines Information Pharmacists, North West Medicines Information Centre, Pharmacy Practice Unit, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
da Silva Xavier G, Farhan H, Kim H, Caxaria S, Johnson P, Hughes S, Bugliani M, Marselli L, Marchetti P, Birzele F, Sun G, Scharfmann R, Rutter J, Siniakowicz K, Weir G, Parker H, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Rutter GA. Per-arnt-sim (PAS) domain-containing protein kinase is downregulated in human islets in type 2 diabetes and regulates glucagon secretion. Diabetologia 2011; 54:819-27. [PMID: 21181396 PMCID: PMC3052475 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-2010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We assessed whether per-arnt-sim (PAS) domain-containing protein kinase (PASK) is involved in the regulation of glucagon secretion. METHODS mRNA levels were measured in islets by quantitative PCR and in pancreatic beta cells obtained by laser capture microdissection. Glucose tolerance, plasma hormone levels and islet hormone secretion were analysed in C57BL/6 Pask homozygote knockout mice (Pask-/-) and control littermates. Alpha-TC1-9 cells, human islets or cultured E13.5 rat pancreatic epithelia were transduced with anti-Pask or control small interfering RNAs, or with adenoviruses encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein or PASK. RESULTS PASK expression was significantly lower in islets from human type 2 diabetic than control participants. PASK mRNA was present in alpha and beta cells from mouse islets. In Pask-/- mice, fasted blood glucose and plasma glucagon levels were 25 ± 5% and 50 ± 8% (mean ± SE) higher, respectively, than in control mice. At inhibitory glucose concentrations (10 mmol/l), islets from Pask-/- mice secreted 2.04 ± 0.2-fold (p < 0.01) more glucagon and 2.63 ± 0.3-fold (p < 0.01) less insulin than wild-type islets. Glucose failed to inhibit glucagon secretion from PASK-depleted alpha-TC1-9 cells, whereas PASK overexpression inhibited glucagon secretion from these cells and human islets. Extracellular insulin (20 nmol/l) inhibited glucagon secretion from control and PASK-deficient alpha-TC1-9 cells. PASK-depleted alpha-TC1-9 cells and pancreatic embryonic explants displayed increased expression of the preproglucagon (Gcg) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-alpha2 (Prkaa2) genes, implying a possible role for AMPK-alpha2 downstream of PASK in the control of glucagon gene expression and release. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION PASK is involved in the regulation of glucagon secretion by glucose and may be a useful target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. da Silva Xavier
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - H. Farhan
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - H. Kim
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - S. Caxaria
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - P. Johnson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - S. Hughes
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Bugliani
- Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Unità Metabolica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L. Marselli
- Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Unità Metabolica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - P. Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Unità Metabolica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Birzele
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma, Target Discovery Research, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - G. Sun
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - R. Scharfmann
- INSERM U845, Centre de Recherche Croissance et Signalisation, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de Médecine, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - J. Rutter
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake, UT USA
| | - K. Siniakowicz
- Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - G. Weir
- Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and the Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - H. Parker
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - F. Reimann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - F. M. Gribble
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - G. A. Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Volkow N, Rutter J, Pollock JD, Shurtleff D, Baler R. One SNP linked to two diseases-addiction and cancer: a double whammy? Nicotine addiction and lung cancer susceptibility. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13:990-2. [PMID: 18936755 PMCID: PMC4827504 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Volkow
- Office of the Director, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA,
| | - J Rutter
- Division of Basic Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - JD Pollock
- Division of Basic Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Shurtleff
- Division of Basic Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Baler
- Office of Science Policy and Communications, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
An R, da Silva Xavier G, Hao HX, Semplici F, Rutter J, Rutter GA. Regulation by Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) kinase of pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 nuclear import in pancreatic beta-cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2007; 34:791-3. [PMID: 17052199 DOI: 10.1042/bst0340791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor PDX-1 (pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1) is required for normal pancreatic development and for the function of insulin-producing islet beta-cells in mammals. We have shown previously that glucose regulates insulin gene expression in part through the activation and translocation of PDX-1 from the nuclear periphery to the nucleoplasm. We have also found that PASK [PAS (Per-Arnt-Sim) kinase], a member of the nutrient-regulated family of protein kinases, is activated in response to glucose challenge in beta-cells and is involved in the regulation of expression of PDX-1. Purified PASK efficiently phosphorylated recombinant PDX-1 in vitro on a single site (Thr-152). To determine the impact of phosphorylation at this site, we generated wild-type and mutant (T152A, T152D and T152E) forms of PDX-1 and examined the distribution of each of these in clonal MIN6 beta-cells by immunocytochemical analysis. Unexpectedly, only the T152D mutation significantly affected subcellular distribution, increasing the ratio of nuclear/cytosolic labelling at low and high glucose concentrations, suggesting that phosphorylation at Thr-152 inhibits nuclear uptake in response to glucose. Based on these results, experiments to examine the contribution of Thr-152 to the overall phosphorylation of PDX-1 in intact cells will be undertaken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R An
- Henry Wellcome Signalling Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 ITD, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Catterall JB, Carrère S, Koshy PJ, Degnan BA, Shingleton WD, Brinckerhoff CE, Rutter J, Cawston TE, Rowan AD. Synergistic induction of matrix metalloproteinase 1 by interleukin-1alpha and oncostatin M in human chondrocytes involves signal transducer and activator of transcription and activator protein 1 transcription factors via a novel mechanism. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44:2296-310. [PMID: 11665970 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200110)44:10<2296::aid-art392>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and oncostatin M (OSM) synergistic regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) in human chondrocytes. METHODS Using an immortalized human chondrocyte cell line (T/C28a4), we investigated regulation of the MMP-1 gene. Northern blotting and flow cytometric analysis were used to assess changes in receptor, MMP-1, and c-fos expression. Transient transfections using MMP-1 promoter/luciferase constructs, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and site-directed mutagenesis were used to investigate MMP-1 promoter activation. RESULTS We found no alteration in the expression of receptors used by these cytokines after stimulation with IL-1alpha/OSM. Using MMP-1 promoter/luciferase reporter constructs, we found that the proximal (-517/+63) region of the MMP-1 promoter was sufficient to support a synergistic activation. A role for activated signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT-3) was demonstrated, although no binding of STAT-3 to the MMP-1 promoter was found. However, constitutive binding of activator protein 1 (AP-1) was detected, and changes in c-fos expression could modulate promoter activity. CONCLUSION Since no changes in receptor expression were observed, receptor modulation cannot account for the IL-1alpha/OSM synergy observed. Instead, the interplay of various intracellular signaling pathways is a more likely explanation. STAT activation is required, but STAT proteins do not interact directly with the MMP-1 promoter. We propose that activated STATs stimulate c-fos expression, and changes in expression of the AP-1 components regulate MMP-1 expression. We highlight a new mechanism for MMP-1 regulation in human chondrocytes that could provide potential new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Catterall
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rutter J, Michnoff CH, Harper SM, Gardner KH, McKnight SL. PAS kinase: an evolutionarily conserved PAS domain-regulated serine/threonine kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:8991-6. [PMID: 11459942 PMCID: PMC55361 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.161284798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PAS domains regulate the function of many intracellular signaling pathways in response to both extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. PAS domain-regulated histidine kinases are common in prokaryotes and control a wide range of fundamental physiological processes. Similarly regulated kinases are rare in eukaryotes and are to date completely absent in mammals. PAS kinase (PASK) is an evolutionarily conserved gene product present in yeast, flies, and mammals. The amino acid sequence of PASK specifies two PAS domains followed by a canonical serine/threonine kinase domain, indicating that it might represent the first mammalian PAS-regulated protein kinase. We present evidence that the activity of PASK is regulated by two mechanisms. Autophosphorylation at two threonine residues located within the activation loop significantly increases catalytic activity. We further demonstrate that the N-terminal PAS domain is a cis regulator of PASK catalytic activity. When the PAS domain-containing region is removed, enzyme activity is significantly increased, and supplementation of the purified PAS-A domain in trans selectively inhibits PASK catalytic activity. These studies define a eukaryotic signaling pathway suitable for studies of PAS domains in a purified in vitro setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9152, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Clock:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 are heterodimeric transcription factors that control gene expression as a function of the light-dark cycle. Although built to fluctuate at or near a 24-hour cycle, the clock can be entrained by light, activity, or food. Here we show that the DNA-binding activity of the Clock:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 heterodimers is regulated by the redox state of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cofactors in a purified system. The reduced forms of the redox cofactors, NAD(H) and NADP(H), strongly enhance DNA binding of the Clock:BMAL1 and NPAS2:BMAL1 heterodimers, whereas the oxidized forms inhibit. These observations raise the possibility that food, neuronal activity, or both may entrain the circadian clock by direct modulation of cellular redox state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas-Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9152, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
García-Closas M, Egan KM, Abruzzo J, Newcomb PA, Titus-Ernstoff L, Franklin T, Bender PK, Beck JC, Le Marchand L, Lum A, Alavanja M, Hayes RB, Rutter J, Buetow K, Brinton LA, Rothman N. Collection of genomic DNA from adults in epidemiological studies by buccal cytobrush and mouthwash. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001; 10:687-96. [PMID: 11401920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood samples are an excellent source of large amounts of genomic DNA. However, alternative sources are often needed in epidemiological studies because of difficulties in obtaining blood samples. This report evaluates the buccal cytobrush and alcohol-containing mouthwash protocols for collecting DNA by mail. Several DNA extraction techniques are also evaluated. The study was conducted in two phases. In phase 1, we compared cytobrush and mouthwash samples collected by mail in two different epidemiological studies: (a) cytobrush samples (n = 120) from a United States case-control study of breast cancer; and (b) mouthwash samples (n = 40) from a prospective cohort of male United States farmers. Findings from phase 1 were confirmed in phase 2, where we randomized cytobrush (n = 28) and mouthwash (n = 25) samples among participants in the breast cancer study to directly compare both collection methods. The median human DNA yield determined by hybridization with a human DNA probe from phenol-chloroform extracts was 1.0 and 1.6 microg/2 brushes for phases 1 and 2, respectively, and 27.5 and 16.6 microg/mouthwash sample for phases 1 and 2, respectively. Most (94-100%) mouthwash extracts contained high molecular weight DNA (>23 kb), in contrast to 55-61% of the brush extracts. PCR success rates for amplification of beta-globin gene fragments (268, 536, and 989 bp) were similar for cytobrush and mouthwash phenol-chloroform extracts (range, 94.4-100%). Also, we obtained high success rates in determining the number of CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene, characterizing tetranucleotide microsatellites in six gene loci, and screening for mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes in a subset of phenol-chloroform DNA extracts. Relative to DNA extracted by phenol-chloroform from cytobrush samples, DNA extracted by NaOH had lower molecular weight, decreased PCR success rates for most assays performed, and unreliably high spectrophotometer readings for DNA yields. In conclusion, although DNA isolated from either mouthwash or cytobrush samples collected by mail from adults is adequate for a wide range of PCR-based assays, a single mouthwash sample provides substantially larger amounts and higher molecular weight DNA than two cytobrush samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland 20852-7234, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Garcia JA, Zhang D, Estill SJ, Michnoff C, Rutter J, Reick M, Scott K, Diaz-Arrastia R, McKnight SL. Impaired cued and contextual memory in NPAS2-deficient mice. Science 2000; 288:2226-30. [PMID: 10864874 DOI: 10.1126/science.288.5474.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) PAS domain transcription factor expressed in multiple regions of the vertebrate brain. Targeted insertion of a beta-galactosidase reporter gene (lacZ) resulted in the production of an NPAS2-lacZ fusion protein and an altered form of NPAS2 lacking the bHLH domain. The neuroanatomical expression pattern of NPAS2-lacZ was temporally and spatially coincident with formation of the mature frontal association/limbic forebrain pathway. NPAS2-deficient mice were subjected to a series of behavioral tests and were found to exhibit deficits in the long-term memory arm of the cued and contextual fear task. Thus, NPAS2 may serve a dedicated regulatory role in the acquisition of specific types of memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin S, Geng X, Qu C, Tynebor R, Gallagher DJ, Pollina E, Rutter J, Ojima I. Synthesis of highly potent second-generation taxoids through effective kinetic resolution coupling of racemic beta-lactams with baccatins. Chirality 2000; 12:431-41. [PMID: 10824166 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-636x(2000)12:5/6<431::aid-chir24>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A series of highly potent second-generation taxoids bearing a 2-methylprop-1-enyl or a 2-methylpropyl group at C-3' with modifications at the C-2, C-10, and C-14 positions was synthesized through the coupling of racemic cis-beta-lactams with properly protected/modified baccatin and 14-OH-baccatin. A high level of kinetic resolution was observed for all cases examined. The observed highly efficient enantiomer differentiation is ascribed to the markedly different chiral environment between the (+)- and (-)-beta-lactams in their approach to the chiral framework of the enantiopure lithium alkoxide of a baccatin in the ring-opening coupling process. It was also observed that substantially higher selectivity was achieved when 14-OH-baccatin-1,14-carbonate was used. Analysis of the transition state models revealed that the repulsive interactions between the 3-TIPS group of a (-)-beta-lactam with 1, 14-carbonate group of the baccatin substantially increases the asymmetric bias in the kinetic resolution process, favoring the reaction of a (+)-beta-lactam, which leads to the observed excellent selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Murrell J, Trofatter J, Rutter M, Cutone S, Stotler C, Rutter J, Long K, Turner A, Deaven L, Buckler A. A 500-kilobase region containing the tuberous sclerosis locus (TSC1) in a 1.7-megabase YAC and cosmid contig. Genomics 1995; 25:59-65. [PMID: 7774956 DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(95)80109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A complete overlapping clone map of a 1.7-Mb region from DBH to D9S67 that includes the TSC1 candidate region has been constructed. The map includes YAC and cosmid clones, contains STS approximately every 50 kb on average, and establishes the order of five previously unordered loci. The overall physical length of this segment of chromosome 9q34 (1.7 Mb) is significantly less than expected compared to its estimated genetic length (approximately 10 cM). Consequently, the physical length of the TSC1 candidate region is substantially less than predicted by a genetic distance of approximately 2 cM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Murrell
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rutter J, James TJ, Howat D, Shock A, Andrew D, De Baetselier P, Blackford J, Wilkinson JM, Higgs G, Hughes B. The in vivo and in vitro effects of antibodies against rabbit beta 2-integrins. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.153.8.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Beta 2-integrins play a crucial role in the development of an inflammatory response. In ours study, Abs have been used to investigate the role of individual members of this family of adhesion molecules in both in vivo and in vitro assays. An Ab against rabbit LFA-1 effectively inhibited the adhesion of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes to rabbit endothelial cells in culture and was also effective in blocking cell recruitment to the peritoneum and vascular leakage at dermal sites of inflammation. An Ab that inhibited rabbit complement receptor type 3 function in vitro failed to inhibit cell recruitment to the peritoneum or vascular leakage in response to intradermal FMLP. Histologic studies suggested that the anti-complement receptor type 3 Ab may have modified the cell migration process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rutter
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Celltech Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, UK
| | - T J James
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Celltech Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, UK
| | - D Howat
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Celltech Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, UK
| | - A Shock
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Celltech Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, UK
| | - D Andrew
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Celltech Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, UK
| | - P De Baetselier
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Celltech Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, UK
| | - J Blackford
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Celltech Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, UK
| | - J M Wilkinson
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Celltech Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, UK
| | - G Higgs
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Celltech Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, UK
| | - B Hughes
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Celltech Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rutter J, James TJ, Howat D, Shock A, Andrew D, De Baetselier P, Blackford J, Wilkinson JM, Higgs G, Hughes B. The in vivo and in vitro effects of antibodies against rabbit beta 2-integrins. J Immunol 1994; 153:3724-33. [PMID: 7930589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Beta 2-integrins play a crucial role in the development of an inflammatory response. In ours study, Abs have been used to investigate the role of individual members of this family of adhesion molecules in both in vivo and in vitro assays. An Ab against rabbit LFA-1 effectively inhibited the adhesion of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes to rabbit endothelial cells in culture and was also effective in blocking cell recruitment to the peritoneum and vascular leakage at dermal sites of inflammation. An Ab that inhibited rabbit complement receptor type 3 function in vitro failed to inhibit cell recruitment to the peritoneum or vascular leakage in response to intradermal FMLP. Histologic studies suggested that the anti-complement receptor type 3 Ab may have modified the cell migration process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rutter
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Celltech Ltd., Slough, Berkshire, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- S B Auerbach
- Department of Biological Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08855-1059
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Carnegie A, Rutter J. Growing concern. Nurs Times 1992; 88:40-2. [PMID: 1574433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
23
|
Abstract
Antithrombin III microheterogeneity was investigated by isoelectric focusing and immunofixation in healthy individuals and in patients with clinical conditions in which antithrombin III is known to vary (liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, after surgery and anticoagulant therapy). In normal plasma microheterogeneity was present with ten bands of varying intensity being visible in a pI range from 5.0-5.7. One variant was observed which was not associated with a clinical disorder. Low concentrations of antithrombin III were detected in some patients with liver disease, nephrotic syndrome and those on anticoagulant therapy and these demonstrated a decrease of intensity in all bands. Alterations in microheterogeneity were seen in patients tested after surgery and those with nephrotic syndrome. This indicates that changes in the subpopulations of antithrombin III can occur and may be relevant to clinical abnormalities.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rutter J. Immunization. Aust Fam Physician 1981; 10:549-51. [PMID: 7283867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|