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Jelenkovic A, Yokoyama Y, Sund R, Hur YM, Harris JR, Brandt I, Nilsen TS, Ooki S, Ullemar V, Almqvist C, Magnusson PKE, Saudino KJ, Stazi MA, Fagnani C, Brescianini S, Nelson TL, Whitfield KE, Knafo-Noam A, Mankuta D, Abramson L, Cutler TL, Hopper JL, Llewellyn CH, Fisher A, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Beck-Nielsen H, Sodemann M, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Alexandra Burt S, Klump KL, Dubois L, Boivin M, Brendgen M, Dionne G, Vitaro F, Willemsen G, Bartels M, van Beijsterveld CEM, Craig JM, Saffery R, Rasmussen F, Tynelius P, Heikkilä K, Pietiläinen KH, Bayasgalan G, Narandalai D, Haworth CMA, Plomin R, Ji F, Ning F, Pang Z, Rebato E, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Kim J, Lee J, Lee S, Sung J, Loos RJF, Boomsma DI, Sørensen TIA, Kaprio J, Silventoinen K. Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood: An individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project. Early Hum Dev 2018; 120:53-60. [PMID: 29656171 PMCID: PMC6532975 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. AIM To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. METHODS This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses. RESULTS Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14-4.25 cm and 0.18-0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length. CONCLUSION Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jelenkovic
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Y Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Sund
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - YM Hur
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - JR Harris
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Brandt
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - TS Nilsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Ooki
- Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - V Ullemar
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - PKE Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - KJ Saudino
- Boston University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - MA Stazi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - C Fagnani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - S Brescianini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - TL Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, USA
| | - KE Whitfield
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Knafo-Noam
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - D Mankuta
- Hadassah Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L Abramson
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - TL Cutler
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - JL Hopper
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - CH Llewellyn
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Fisher
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - RP Corley
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - BM Huibregtse
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - CA Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | - RF Vlietinck
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - H Beck-Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - M Sodemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - RF Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - KL Klump
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - L Dubois
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Boivin
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation
| | - M Brendgen
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - G Dionne
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - F Vitaro
- École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - G Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - CEM van Beijsterveld
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - JM Craig
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Saffery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - F Rasmussen
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - P Tynelius
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Heikkilä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - KH Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Bayasgalan
- Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - D Narandalai
- Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - CMA Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Plomin
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - F Ji
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - F Ning
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Z Pang
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - E Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - AD Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - DL Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Sung
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - RJF Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - DI Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - TIA Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section of Metabolic Genetics), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Public Health (Section of Epidemiology), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Boraska V, Franklin CS, Floyd JAB, Thornton LM, Huckins LM, Southam L, Rayner NW, Tachmazidou I, Klump KL, Treasure J, Lewis CM, Schmidt U, Tozzi F, Kiezebrink K, Hebebrand J, Gorwood P, Adan RAH, Kas MJH, Favaro A, Santonastaso P, Fernández-Aranda F, Gratacos M, Rybakowski F, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Kaprio J, Keski-Rahkonen A, Raevuori A, Van Furth EF, Slof-Op 't Landt MCT, Hudson JI, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Knudsen GPS, Monteleone P, Kaplan AS, Karwautz A, Hakonarson H, Berrettini WH, Guo Y, Li D, Schork NJ, Komaki G, Ando T, Inoko H, Esko T, Fischer K, Männik K, Metspalu A, Baker JH, Cone RD, Dackor J, DeSocio JE, Hilliard CE, O'Toole JK, Pantel J, Szatkiewicz JP, Taico C, Zerwas S, Trace SE, Davis OSP, Helder S, Bühren K, Burghardt R, de Zwaan M, Egberts K, Ehrlich S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Herzog W, Imgart H, Scherag A, Scherag S, Zipfel S, Boni C, Ramoz N, Versini A, Brandys MK, Danner UN, de Kovel C, Hendriks J, Koeleman BPC, Ophoff RA, Strengman E, van Elburg AA, Bruson A, Clementi M, Degortes D, Forzan M, Tenconi E, Docampo E, Escaramís G, Jiménez-Murcia S, Lissowska J, Rajewski A, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Slopien A, Hauser J, Karhunen L, Meulenbelt I, Slagboom PE, Tortorella A, Maj M, Dedoussis G, Dikeos D, Gonidakis F, Tziouvas K, Tsitsika A, Papezova H, Slachtova L, Martaskova D, Kennedy JL, Levitan RD, Yilmaz Z, Huemer J, Koubek D, Merl E, Wagner G, Lichtenstein P, Breen G, Cohen-Woods S, Farmer A, McGuffin P, Cichon S, Giegling I, Herms S, Rujescu D, Schreiber S, Wichmann HE, Dina C, Sladek R, Gambaro G, Soranzo N, Julia A, Marsal S, Rabionet R, Gaborieau V, Dick DM, Palotie A, Ripatti S, Widén E, Andreassen OA, Espeseth T, Lundervold A, Reinvang I, Steen VM, Le Hellard S, Mattingsdal M, Ntalla I, Bencko V, Foretova L, Janout V, Navratilova M, Gallinger S, Pinto D, Scherer SW, Aschauer H, Carlberg L, Schosser A, Alfredsson L, Ding B, Klareskog L, Padyukov L, Courtet P, Guillaume S, Jaussent I, Finan C, Kalsi G, Roberts M, Logan DW, Peltonen L, Ritchie GRS, Barrett JC, Estivill X, Hinney A, Sullivan PF, Collier DA, Zeggini E, Bulik CM. A genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1085-94. [PMID: 24514567 PMCID: PMC4325090 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex and heritable eating disorder characterized by dangerously low body weight. Neither candidate gene studies nor an initial genome-wide association study (GWAS) have yielded significant and replicated results. We performed a GWAS in 2907 cases with AN from 14 countries (15 sites) and 14 860 ancestrally matched controls as part of the Genetic Consortium for AN (GCAN) and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3 (WTCCC3). Individual association analyses were conducted in each stratum and meta-analyzed across all 15 discovery data sets. Seventy-six (72 independent) single nucleotide polymorphisms were taken forward for in silico (two data sets) or de novo (13 data sets) replication genotyping in 2677 independent AN cases and 8629 European ancestry controls along with 458 AN cases and 421 controls from Japan. The final global meta-analysis across discovery and replication data sets comprised 5551 AN cases and 21 080 controls. AN subtype analyses (1606 AN restricting; 1445 AN binge-purge) were performed. No findings reached genome-wide significance. Two intronic variants were suggestively associated: rs9839776 (P=3.01 × 10(-7)) in SOX2OT and rs17030795 (P=5.84 × 10(-6)) in PPP3CA. Two additional signals were specific to Europeans: rs1523921 (P=5.76 × 10(-)(6)) between CUL3 and FAM124B and rs1886797 (P=8.05 × 10(-)(6)) near SPATA13. Comparing discovery with replication results, 76% of the effects were in the same direction, an observation highly unlikely to be due to chance (P=4 × 10(-6)), strongly suggesting that true findings exist but our sample, the largest yet reported, was underpowered for their detection. The accrual of large genotyped AN case-control samples should be an immediate priority for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Boraska
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - C S Franklin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A B Floyd
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - L M Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L M Huckins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Southam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - N W Rayner
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (WTCHG), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [3] Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Oxford, UK
| | - I Tachmazidou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - K L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - U Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Tozzi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Kiezebrink
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Gorwood
- 1] INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France [2] Sainte-Anne Hospital (CMME), University of Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - R A H Adan
- 1] Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - M J H Kas
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - P Santonastaso
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - F Fernández-Aranda
- 1] Department of Psychiatry and CIBERON, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain [2] Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gratacos
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Rybakowski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Kaprio
- 1] Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [3] Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - A Raevuori
- 1] Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E F Van Furth
- 1] Center for Eating Disorders Ursula, Leidschendam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M C T Slof-Op 't Landt
- 1] Center for Eating Disorders Ursula, Leidschendam, The Netherlands [2] Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J I Hudson
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - T Reichborn-Kjennerud
- 1] Department of Genetics, Environment and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway [2] Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G P S Knudsen
- Department of Genetics, Environment and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Monteleone
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy [2] Chair of Psychiatry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - A S Kaplan
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Hakonarson
- 1] The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA [2] The Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Guo
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Li
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N J Schork
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and The Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G Komaki
- 1] Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan [2] School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Ando
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Inoko
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Männik
- 1] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia [2] Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Metspalu
- 1] Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia [2] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R D Cone
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Dackor
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J E DeSocio
- Seattle University College of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C E Hilliard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - J Pantel
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences - Inserm U894, Paris, France
| | - J P Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C Taico
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S E Trace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - O S P Davis
- 1] Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK [2] Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UCL Genetics Institute, London, UK
| | - S Helder
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Bühren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Burghardt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - M de Zwaan
- 1] Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany [2] Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Ehrlich
- 1] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany [2] Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Psychiatric Neuroimaging Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - B Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - W Herzog
- Departments of Psychosocial and Internal Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Imgart
- Parklandklinik, Bad Wildungen, Germany
| | - A Scherag
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Scherag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Zipfel
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Boni
- INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - N Ramoz
- INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - A Versini
- INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - M K Brandys
- 1] Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - U N Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - C de Kovel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Hendriks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B P C Koeleman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Ophoff
- 1] Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Strengman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A A van Elburg
- 1] Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands [2] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Bruson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Clementi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - D Degortes
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Forzan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Tenconi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Docampo
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Escaramís
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Jiménez-Murcia
- 1] Department of Psychiatry and CIBERON, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain [2] Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Lissowska
- M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Rajewski
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Lodz, Poland
| | - N Szeszenia-Dabrowska
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Slopien
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - L Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - I Meulenbelt
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P E Slagboom
- 1] Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands [2] Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Tortorella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - M Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - G Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - D Dikeos
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - F Gonidakis
- Eating Disorders Unit, 1st Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - K Tziouvas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - A Tsitsika
- Adolescent Health Unit (A.H.U.), 2nd Department of Pediatrics - Medical School, University of Athens 'P. & A. Kyriakou' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - H Papezova
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Slachtova
- Department of Pediatrics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Martaskova
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J L Kennedy
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R D Levitan
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z Yilmaz
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Huemer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Koubek
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Merl
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Cohen-Woods
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Farmer
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P McGuffin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Cichon
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany [3] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Giegling
- Klinikum der Medizinischen Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - S Herms
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Rujescu
- Klinikum der Medizinischen Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - S Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - H-E Wichmann
- 1] Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany [2] Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - C Dina
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - R Sladek
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Columbus-Gemelly Hospitals, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - N Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Julia
- Unitat de Recerca de Reumatologia (URR), Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Marsal
- Unitat de Recerca de Reumatologia (URR), Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Rabionet
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Gaborieau
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - D M Dick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A Palotie
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] The Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [3] The Program for Human and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Ripatti
- 1] The Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Widén
- 1] The Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Espeseth
- 1] NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway [2] Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Lundervold
- 1] Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway [3] K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - V M Steen
- 1] Department of Clinical Science, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre For Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Le Hellard
- 1] Department of Clinical Science, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre For Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Mattingsdal
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Ntalla
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - V Bencko
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Janout
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Navratilova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Gallinger
- 1] University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Mount Sinai Hospital, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Pinto
- Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Seaver Autism Center, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Aschauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Carlberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Schosser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Alfredsson
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Ding
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine at the Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - L Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine at the Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - P Courtet
- 1] Inserm, U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France [2] Department of Emergency Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Guillaume
- 1] Inserm, U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France [2] Department of Emergency Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - I Jaussent
- 1] Inserm, U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France [2] Department of Emergency Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Finan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Roberts
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D W Logan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Peltonen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - G R S Ritchie
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge
| | - J C Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - X Estivill
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P F Sullivan
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D A Collier
- 1] Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK [2] Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, UK
| | - E Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - C M Bulik
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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5
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Scott-Van Zeeland AA, Bloss CS, Tewhey R, Bansal V, Torkamani A, Libiger O, Duvvuri V, Wineinger N, Galvez L, Darst BF, Smith EN, Carson A, Pham P, Phillips T, Villarasa N, Tisch R, Zhang G, Levy S, Murray S, Chen W, Srinivasan S, Berenson G, Brandt H, Crawford S, Crow S, Fichter MM, Halmi KA, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, La Via M, Mitchell JE, Strober M, Rotondo A, Treasure J, Woodside DB, Bulik CM, Keel P, Klump KL, Lilenfeld L, Plotnicov K, Topol EJ, Shih PB, Magistretti P, Bergen AW, Berrettini W, Kaye W, Schork NJ. Evidence for the role of EPHX2 gene variants in anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:724-32. [PMID: 23999524 PMCID: PMC3852189 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) and related eating disorders are complex, multifactorial neuropsychiatric conditions with likely rare and common genetic and environmental determinants. To identify genetic variants associated with AN, we pursued a series of sequencing and genotyping studies focusing on the coding regions and upstream sequence of 152 candidate genes in a total of 1205 AN cases and 1948 controls. We identified individual variant associations in the Estrogen Receptor-ß (ESR2) gene, as well as a set of rare and common variants in the Epoxide Hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) gene, in an initial sequencing study of 261 early-onset severe AN cases and 73 controls (P=0.0004). The association of EPHX2 variants was further delineated in: (1) a pooling-based replication study involving an additional 500 AN patients and 500 controls (replication set P=0.00000016); (2) single-locus studies in a cohort of 386 previously genotyped broadly defined AN cases and 295 female population controls from the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) and a cohort of 58 individuals with self-reported eating disturbances and 851 controls (combined smallest single locus P<0.01). As EPHX2 is known to influence cholesterol metabolism, and AN is often associated with elevated cholesterol levels, we also investigated the association of EPHX2 variants and longitudinal body mass index (BMI) and cholesterol in BHS female and male subjects (N=229) and found evidence for a modifying effect of a subset of variants on the relationship between cholesterol and BMI (P<0.01). These findings suggest a novel association of gene variants within EPHX2 to susceptibility to AN and provide a foundation for future study of this important yet poorly understood condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Scott-Van Zeeland
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C S Bloss
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Tewhey
- Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - V Bansal
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Torkamani
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - O Libiger
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - V Duvvuri
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N Wineinger
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L Galvez
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B F Darst
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E N Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Carson
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P Pham
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T Phillips
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N Villarasa
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Tisch
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G Zhang
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Levy
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Murray
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - W Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - S Srinivasan
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - G Berenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - H Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M M Fichter
- Roseneck Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, Prien, Germany
| | - K A Halmi
- Eating Disorder Research Program Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - C Johnson
- Eating Recovery Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - A S Kaplan
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M La Via
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J E Mitchell
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - M Strober
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Rotondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Biotechnology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Treasure
- Department of Academic Psychiatry, Bermondsey Wing Guys Hospital, University of London, London, UK
| | - D B Woodside
- Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - C M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - K L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - L Lilenfeld
- Clinical Psychology Program, American School of Professional Psychology at Argosy University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K Plotnicov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E J Topol
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P B Shih
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P Magistretti
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, The University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A W Bergen
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - W Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W Kaye
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N J Schork
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 3344 N Torrey Pines Court, Room 306, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. E-mail:
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