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Levin K, Lavon B, Muchmore P, Westall G, Snell G. Identifying Imaging Biomarkers Before the Onset of Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Liu XP, Yao XC, Chen HZ, Wang XQ, Wang YX, Chen YA, Chen Q, Levin K, Pan JW. Observation of the density dependence of the closed-channel fraction of a 6Li superfluid. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab226. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Atomic Fermi gases provide an ideal platform for studying the pairing and superfluid physics, using a Feshbach resonance between closed channel molecular states and open channel scattering states. Of particular interest is the strongly interacting regime. We show that the closed-channel fraction ${Z_{{\rm{cc}}}}$ provides an effective probe for the important many-body interacting effects, especially through its density dependence, which is absent from two-body theoretical predictions. Here we measure ${Z_{{\rm{cc}}}}$ as a function of interaction strength and the Fermi temperature ${T_{\rm{F}}}$ in a trapped 6Li superfluid throughout the entire BCS-BEC crossover, in quantitative agreement with theory when important thermal contributions outside the superfluid core are taken into account. Away from the deep BEC regime, the fraction ${Z_{cc}}$ is sensitive to ${{\rm{T}}_F}$. In particular, our data show ${Z_{{\rm{cc}}}} \propto T_{\rm{F}}^\alpha $ with $\alpha \ = {\rm{\ 1/2}}$ at unitarity, in quantitative agreement with calculations of a two-channel pairing fluctuation theory, and $\alpha $ increases rapidly into the BCS regime, reflecting many-body interaction effects as predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Pei Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Xing-Can Yao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hao-Ze Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu-Ao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Qijin Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - K Levin
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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Fu H, Zhang Z, Yao KX, Feng L, Yoo J, Clark LW, Levin K, Chin C. Jet Substructure in Fireworks Emission from Nonuniform and Rotating Bose-Einstein Condensates. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:183003. [PMID: 33196257 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.183003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that jet emission from a Bose condensate with periodically driven interactions, also known as "Bose fireworks", contains essential information on the condensate wave function, which is difficult to obtain using standard detection methods. We illustrate the underlying physics with two examples. When condensates acquire phase patterns from external potentials or from vortices, the jets display novel substructure, such as oscillations or spirals, in their correlations. Through a comparison of theory, numerical simulations, and experiments, we show how one can quantitatively extract the phase and the helicity of a condensate from the emission pattern. Our work, demonstrating the strong link between jet emission and the underlying quantum system, bears on the recent emphasis on jet substructure in particle physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fu
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Zhendong Zhang
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Kai-Xuan Yao
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Lei Feng
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jooheon Yoo
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Logan W Clark
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - K Levin
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Chin
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Gupta A, von Heymann C, Magnuson A, Alahuhta S, Fernando R, Van de Velde M, Mercier FJ, Schyns-van den Berg AMJV, Bryon B, Soetens F, Dewandre PY, Lambert G, Christiaen J, Schepers R, Van Houwe P, Kalmar A, Vanoverschelde H, Bauters M, Roofthooft E, Devroe S, Van de Velde M, Jadrijevic A, Jokic A, Marin D, Sklebar I, Mihaljević S, Kosinova M, Stourac P, Adamus M, Kufa C, Volfová I, Zaoralová B, Froeslev-Friis C, Mygil B, Krebs Albrechtsen C, Kavasmaa T, Alahuhta S, Mäyrä A, Mennander S, Rautaneva K, Hiekkanen T, Kontinen V, Linden K, Toivakka S, Boselli E, Greil PÉ, Mascle O, Courbon A, Lutz J, Simonet T, Barbier M, Hlioua T, Meniolle d’Hauthville F, Quintin C, Bouattour K, Lecinq A, Soued M, Bonnet MP, Carbonniere M, Fischer C, Picard PC, Bonnin M, Storme B, Bouthors AS, Detente T, Nguyen Troung M, Keita H, Nebout S, Osse L, Delmas A, Vial F, Kaufner L, Hoefing C, Mueller S, Becke K, Blobner M, Lewald H, Schaller SJ, Muggleton E, Bette B, Neumann C, Weber S, Grünewald M, Ohnesorge H, Helf A, Jelting Y, Kranke P, von Heymann C, Welfle S, Staikou C, Stavrianopoulou A, Tsaroucha A, Kalopita K, Loukeri A, Valsamidis D, Matsota P, Thorsteinsson A, Tome R, Eidelman LA, Davis A, Orbach-Zinger S, Ioscovich A, Ramona I, De Simone L, Pesetti B, Brazzi L, Zito A, Camorcia M, Della Rocca G, Aversano M, Frigo MG, Todde C, Morina Q, Macas A, Keraitiene G, Rimaitis K, Borg F, Tua C, Kuijpers-Visser AG, Schyns-van den Berg A, Hollmann MW, Van den Berg T, Koolen E, Dons I, van der Knijff A, van der Marel C, Ruysschaert N, Pelka M, Pluymakers C, Koopman S, Teunissen AJ, Cornelisse D, van Dasselaar N, Verdouw B, Beenakkers I, Dahl V, Hagen R, Vivaldi F, Eriksen JR, Wiszt R, Aslam Tayyaba N, Ringvold EM, Chutkowski R, Skirecki T, Wódarski B, Faria MA, Ferreira A, Sampaio AC, Ferreira I, Matias B, Teixeira J, Araujo R, Cabido H, Fortuna R, Lemos P, Cardoso C, Moura F, Pereira C, Pereira S, Tavares F, Vasconcelos P, Abecasis M, Lança F, Muchacho P, Ormonde L, Guedes-Araujo I, Pinho-Oliveira V, Paredes P, Bentes C, Gouveia F, Milheiro A, Castanheira C, Neves M, Pacheco V, Cortez M, Tranquada R, Tareco G, Furtado I, Pereira E, Marinho L, Seabra M, Bulasevic A, Kendrisic M, Jovanovic L, Pujić B, Kutlesic M, Grochova M, Simonova J, Pavlovic G, Rozman A, Blajic I, Graovac D, Stopar Pintraic T, Chiquito T, Monedero P, Carlos-Errea DJ, Guillén-Casbas R, Veiga-Gil L, Basso M, Garcia Bartolo C, Hernandez C, Ricol L, De Santos MP, Gràcia Solsona JA, López-Baamonde M, Magaldi Mendaña M, Plaza Moral AM, Vendrell M, Trillo L, Perez Garcia AR, Alamillo Salas C, Moret E, Ramió L, Aguilar Sanchez JL, Soler Pedrola M, Valldeperas Hernandez MI, Aldalur G, Bárcena E, Herrera J, Iturri F, Martínez A, Martínez L, Serna R, Gilsanz F, Guasch Arevalo E, Iannuccelli F, Latorre J, Rodriguez Roca C, Pérez Pardo OC, Sierra Biddle N, Suárez Cendaña C, Hernández González L, Remacha González C, Sánchez Nuez R, Anta D, Beleña JM, García-Cuadrado C, Garcia I, Manrique S, Suarez E, Hein A, Arbman E, Hansson H, Tillenius M, Al-Taie R, Ledin-Eriksson S, Lindén-Söndersö A, Rosén O, Austruma E, Gillberg L, Darvish B, Gupta A, Nordstöm JL, Persson J, Rosenberg J, Brühne L, Forshammar J, Ugarph Edfeldt M, Rolfsson H, Hellblom A, Levin K, Rabow S, Thorlacius K, Bansch P, Robertson (Baeriswyl) M, Stamer U, Mathivon S, Savoldelli G, Auf der Maur P, Filipovic M, Dullenkopf A, Brunner M, Girard T, Vonlanthen C, Ozbilgin S, Gunaydin D B, Corman Dincer P, Tas Tuna A. Management practices for postdural puncture headache in obstetrics: a prospective, international, cohort study. Br J Anaesth 2020; 125:1045-1055. [PMID: 33039123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accidental dural puncture is an uncommon complication of epidural analgesia and can cause postdural puncture headache (PDPH). We aimed to describe management practices and outcomes after PDPH treated by epidural blood patch (EBP) or no EBP. METHODS Following ethics committee approval, patients who developed PDPH after accidental dural puncture were recruited from participating countries and divided into two groups, those receiving EBP or no EBP. Data registered included patient and procedure characteristics, headache symptoms and intensity, management practices, and complications. Follow-up was at 3 months. RESULTS A total of 1001 patients from 24 countries were included, of which 647 (64.6%) received an EBP and 354 (35.4%) did not receive an EBP (no-EBP). Higher initial headache intensity was associated with greater use of EBP, odds ratio 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.19-1.41) per pain intensity unit increase. Headache intensity declined sharply at 4 h after EBP and 127 (19.3%) patients received a second EBP. On average, no or mild headache (numeric rating score≤3) was observed 7 days after diagnosis. Intracranial bleeding was diagnosed in three patients (0.46%), and backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in the EBP group. CONCLUSIONS Management practices vary between countries, but EBP was more often used in patients with greater initial headache intensity. EBP reduced headache intensity quickly, but about 20% of patients needed a second EBP. After 7 days, most patients had no or mild headache. Backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in patients receiving an EBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Gupta
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care and Institution of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christian von Heymann
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anders Magnuson
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Seppo Alahuhta
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Roshan Fernando
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, The Womens Wellness and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Frédéric J Mercier
- Département d'Anesthésie, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, AP-HP, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Alexandra M J V Schyns-van den Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Schweitzer Ziekenhuis, Dordrecht and Department of Anesthesiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Suryadinata R, Levin K, Holsworth L, Paraskeva M, Robinson P. Recovery of Airway Cilia Following Lung Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Levin K, Anderson D, Milligan M, Crighton E. Impact of a community respiratory service on emergency hospital admissions. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A community respiratory service was implemented in the North West of Glasgow in January 2013, comprising a team of physiotherapists, occupational therapists and support workers, to provide education, self-management advice, and, where appropriate, treatment at home, for COPD patients, to reduce the risk of hospital admission. This study measures the impact of the service on emergency admission to hospital.
Methods
COPD EAs were defined as emergency admissions to hospital with a primary diagnosis of COPD. Rate of COPD EAs per 1000 population aged 65 years+ in Glasgow City was compared before and after onset of the service, using segmented linear regression with 21-month pre- and 17-month post-intervention periods. COPD EAs for residents of South and North East Glasgow (S+NE) - areas with no such service in place - were used as a comparison group. The model adjusted for the rate of all-cause emergency admissions. Autoregressive terms were included in the model, as well as a fourier term to adjust for seasonality. Models were similarly run for outcome emergency admissions with COPD in any of the other five fields of diagnosis.
Results
Adjusting for all cause EAs and changes in S+NE, thus factoring out the impact of other initiatives that may have affected emergency admission to hospital, the impact of the service was found to be a level change of -0.33 (-0.51, -0.16) and a trend change of -0.03 (-0.05, -0.02) COPD EAs per 1000 per month. This is equivalent to a predicted reduction due to the service of -0.88 COPD EAs per 1000 popn per month, in March 2015, and a relative reduction of 35.8%. Rate of COPD EAs per month reduced over time after the introduction of the service (from the point of full staffing). Rate of EAs with COPD in a field of diagnosis other than primary saw no significant change in level or trend associated with the service.
Conclusions
The community respiratory service was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of COPD EAs.
Key messages
The Community Respiratory service was associated with reductions in emergency hospital admissions with COPD as a primary diagnosis. There was no significant change in emergency admissions with COPD as a secondary diagnosis, suggesting hospital attendance for patients with COPD overall reduced following the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Levin
- Public Health Directorate, NHS GGC, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Anderson
- Emergency Care & Medical Services, NHS GGC, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Milligan
- Community Respiratory Team, NHS GGC, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Crighton
- Public Health Directorate, NHS GGC, Glasgow, UK
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Levin K, Crighton E. Impact of the Govan SHIP case management project on emergency hospital admission and GP interactions. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Social and Health Integration Partnership (SHIP) project was implemented in Govan, a deprived area in Glasgow in 2015. This involved multidisciplinary teams, including GPs and social workers, identifying and supporting vulnerable patients at risk of attending A&E and GP surgeries. This study measures the impact of SHIP on A&E presentations and GP interactions.
Methods
Rate of A&E presentations per 1000 population in 3 participating GP practices in Govan was compared before and after onset of the service, using segmented linear regression with 9-month pre- and 36-month post- intervention periods. Rates of GP interactions were also compared, using 21-month pre- and 36-month post- intervention periods. Rates of A&E presentations and GP interactions for practice population in Drumchapel- an area with similar rates of deprivation - were used as a control. Models included autoregressive and moving average terms, and a fourier term to adjust for seasonality.
Results
Govan had a lower rate of A&E presentations than Drumchapel. A&E presentations did not change significantly over time prior to SHIP in either area. At April 2015, SHIP onset, a level change of -4.34 (-7.44, -1.24) A&E presentations per 1000 was observed in both areas, however , onset of SHIP was not associated with a reduction in level or trend in A&E presentations. Rate of interactions with GP was greater in Govan than Drumchapel prior to SHIP, increasing over time in both areas. After SHIP implementation there was a significant level change of 33.78 (19.57, 47.99) per 1000 across both areas. GP interactions in Govan however saw a further reduction of -1.48 (-2.87, -0.09) per 1000 per month. This is equivalent to SHIP being associated with an absolute reduction of 37 GP interactions per thousand and a relative reduction of 7.2% by March 2018.
Conclusions
The Govan SHIP initiative was associated with no significant change in A&E presentations and some small reduction in GP interactions.
Key messages
The Govan SHIP initiative was associated with no significant change in A&E presentations and a small significant reduction in GP interactions. A cost effectiveness analysis of the project is recommended, given the relatively small benefits observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Levin
- Public Health Directorate, NHS GGC, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Crighton
- Public Health Directorate, NHS GGC, Glasgow, UK
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Levin K, Crighton E. Sex, age and socioeconomic inequalities in older people’s unscheduled care. Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz185.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In Scotland, unscheduled care is usually received at hospital accident and emergency (A&E) departments or referral by GPs to medical assessment units (MAU). Almost a quarter attendances are for those aged 65 years+. Demand for unscheduled care will increase as the population ages. This study measures inequalities in unscheduled care presentations among those aged 65 years+.
Methods
A&E and MAU attendance data between April 2017 and March 2018 for Glasgow residents were analysed. Data were modelled using poisson modelling for outcome measures attendances, rate of attendance and length of stay, adjusting for agegroup, sex and deprivation. A second set of models also adjusted for time of day, month and referral source, including interaction terms.
Results
While there was a higher number of attendances among females (RR and 95% CI = 0.30 (0.28, 0.32)), and among those aged 65-69 years compared with older ages (RR = 0.03 (0.01, 0.06)), modelling rates showed that males were significantly more likely to attend (RR = 0.14 (0.13, 0.16)) and that likelihood rose with age, eg RR for 85+ years significantly greater than 80-84 years, significantly greater than for 75-79 years etc. There was no gender difference in length of stay but this increased with increasing age. Attendance was significantly more likely for those living in the most deprived quintile of deprivation (RR = 0.30 (0.27, 0.34) compared with the most affluent quintile). SES inequalities in attendance and length of stay became less pronounced with increasing age. Referrals via 999 emergency services increased with age while referrals by GP and NHS24 reduced with age. Attendance was more likely in December (RR = 0.15 (0.11, 0.18)) and likelihood of a morning attendance reduced significantly with increasing age and deprivation.
Conclusions
Inequalities in attendance, length of stay and methods of referral are observed which should be considered when planning to meet the demand for unscheduled care.
Key messages
Age, sex and socioeconomic inequalities in unscheduled care exist even at the oldest ages. When planning to meet the demand of future unscheduled care, patterns of current use and population projections should be considered in tandem.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Levin
- Public Health Directorate, NHS GGC, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Crighton
- Public Health Directorate, NHS GGC, Glasgow, UK
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Fu H, Feng L, Anderson BM, Clark LW, Hu J, Andrade JW, Chin C, Levin K. Density Waves and Jet Emission Asymmetry in Bose Fireworks. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:243001. [PMID: 30608768 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A Bose condensate, subject to periodic modulation of the two-body interactions, was recently observed to emit matter-wave jets resembling fireworks [Nature (London) 551, 356 (2017)NATUAS0028-083610.1038/nature24272]. In this Letter, combining experiment with numerical simulation, we demonstrate that these "Bose fireworks" represent a late stage in a complex time evolution of the driven condensate. We identify a "density wave" stage which precedes jet emission and results from the interference of matter waves. The density waves self-organize and self-amplify without breaking long range translational symmetry. This density wave structure deterministically establishes the template for the subsequent patterns of the emitted jets. Moreover, our simulations, in good agreement with experiment, address an apparent asymmetry in the jet pattern, and show that it is fully consistent with momentum conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fu
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Lei Feng
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Brandon M Anderson
- Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Logan W Clark
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jiazhong Hu
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Jeffery W Andrade
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Cheng Chin
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - K Levin
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Levin K, Crighton E. Implementation of Step-Down Intermediate Care in Glasgow City: Exploring barriers and enablers. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky218.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Levin K, Crighton E. Intermediate care and days lost to delayed discharge: a controlled interrupted time series analysis. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Clark LW, Anderson BM, Feng L, Gaj A, Levin K, Chin C. Observation of Density-Dependent Gauge Fields in a Bose-Einstein Condensate Based on Micromotion Control in a Shaken Two-Dimensional Lattice. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:030402. [PMID: 30085820 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a density-dependent gauge field, induced by atomic interactions, for quantum gases. The gauge field results from the synchronous coupling between the interactions and micromotion of the atoms in a modulated two-dimensional optical lattice. As a first step, we show that a coherent shaking of the lattice in two directions can couple the momentum and interactions of atoms and break the fourfold symmetry of the lattice. We then create a full interaction-induced gauge field by modulating the interaction strength in synchrony with the lattice shaking. When a condensate is loaded into this shaken lattice, the gauge field acts to preferentially prepare the system in different quasimomentum ground states depending on the modulation phase. We envision that these interaction-induced fields, created by fine control of micromotion, will provide a stepping stone to model new quantum phenomena within and beyond condensed matter physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan W Clark
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Brandon M Anderson
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Lei Feng
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Anita Gaj
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - K Levin
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Chin
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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13
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Levin K, Paraskeva M, Westall G, Levvey B, Snell G. Standardizing and Improving the Classification for Causes of Death Post Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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14
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Levin K, Carson J. Post diagnostic support (PDS) for dementia: what factors are associated with PDS outcomes? Eur J Public Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Levin K, Snell G, Paraskeva M. Towards Accurate Death Classification Following Lung Transplantation: The Alfred Cohort. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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16
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Abstract
In this paper we follow the analysis and protocols of recent experiments, combined with simple theory, to arrive at a physical understanding of quasi-condensation in two dimensional Fermi gases. A key signature of quasi-condensation, which contains aspects of Berezinskiĭ-Kosterlitz-Thouless behavior, is a strong zero momentum peak in the pair momentum distribution. Importantly, this peak emerges at a reasonably well defined onset temperature. The resulting phase diagram, pair momentum distribution, and algebraic power law decay are compatible with recent experiments throughout the continuum from BEC to BCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Te Wu
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Brandon M Anderson
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Rufus Boyack
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - K Levin
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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17
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Kubus M, Levin K, Kroeker S, Enseling D, Jüstel T, Meyer HJ. Structural and luminescence studies of the new nitridomagnesoaluminate CaMg2AlN3. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:2819-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03283g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The luminescent nitridomagnesoaluminate, CaMg2AlN3, was synthesized in a closed system by solid-state reaction from binary nitrides. Structure solution was aided by ultrahigh-field solid-state NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kubus
- Section for Solid State and Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - K. Levin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Manitoba
- Manitoba
- Canada
| | - S. Kroeker
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Manitoba
- Manitoba
- Canada
| | - D. Enseling
- Labor für Angewandte Materialwissenschaften
- Fachhochschule Münster
- 48565 Steinfurt
- Germany
| | - T. Jüstel
- Labor für Angewandte Materialwissenschaften
- Fachhochschule Münster
- 48565 Steinfurt
- Germany
| | - H.-J. Meyer
- Section for Solid State and Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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18
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Eriksson SL, Hein A, Karlsson OI, Birgisdottir B, Rådström M, Levin K, Arbman E. [Obstetric care requires direct access to intensive care]. Lakartidningen 2014; 111:2043-2044. [PMID: 25650455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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19
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Levin K, Walsh D, McCartney G. Eating behaviour of adolescents in Glasgow compared with the rest of Scotland: the mediating effect of buying lunch off school premises. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku161.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Scherpelz P, Padavić K, Rançon A, Glatz A, Aranson IS, Levin K. Phase imprinting in equilibrating Fermi gases: the transience of vortex rings and other defects. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:125301. [PMID: 25279634 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.125301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present numerical simulations of phase imprinting experiments in ultracold trapped Fermi gases, which were obtained independently and are in good agreement with recent experimental results. Our focus is on the sequence and evolution of defects using the fermionic time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation, which contains dissipation necessary for equilibration. In contrast to other simulations, we introduce small, experimentally unavoidable symmetry breaking, particularly that associated with thermal fluctuations and with the phase-imprinting tilt angle, and we illustrate their dramatic effects. As appears consistent with experiment, the former causes vortex rings in confined geometries to move to the trap surface and rapidly decay into more stable vortex lines. The latter aligns the precessing and relatively long-lived vortex filaments, rendering them difficult to distinguish from solitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Scherpelz
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Karmela Padavić
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Adam Rançon
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Andreas Glatz
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA and Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, USA
| | - Igor S Aranson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - K Levin
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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21
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Cattaneo R, Peterson E, Chetty I, Levin K, Ajlouni M, Movsas B, Siddiqui M. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy After Surgical Resection of Primary Lung Cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Gobina I, Villberg J, Villerusa A, Välimaa R, Tynjälä J, Ottova-Jordan V, Ravens-Sieberer U, Levin K, Cavallo F, Borraccino A, Sigmund E, Andersen A, Holstein BE. Self-reported recurrent pain and medicine use behaviours among 15-year olds: results from the international study. Eur J Pain 2014; 19:77-84. [PMID: 24807819 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable variation in adolescent pain prevalence across epidemiological studies, with limited information on pain-related behaviours among adolescents, including medicine use. The aims of this study were (1) to examine the prevalence of recurrent pain among 15-year-old adolescents internationally; (2) to investigate the association between recurrent pain and medicine use behaviours among boys and girls; and (3) to evaluate the consistency of these associations across countries. METHODS The World Health Organization (WHO) collaborative international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2009/2010 study collects data about self-reported aches and medicine use from 36,762 15-year-old adolescents from 22 countries/regions in Europe and the United States. Multi-level multivariate logistic regression, stratified by gender, was used to analyse the association between recurrent pain and medicine use for headache, stomachache, nervousness and difficulties in getting to sleep. RESULTS More than 30% of adolescents reported recurrent headache, almost 30% recurrent backache and approximately 20% recurrent stomachache. Although pain prevalence and medicine use for aches were much higher for girls, the association between pain and medicine use was similarly strong for both genders. Adolescents with recurrent pain are more likely to use medicines also for non-corresponding pain, nervousness and difficulties in getting to sleep. The association between recurrent pain and medicine use was consistent across countries despite large-country differences in the prevalence of recurrent pain and medicine use. CONCLUSIONS Recurrent pain in adolescence is common cross-nationally. Adolescents with recurrent pain are more likely to use medicine in general. Recurrent pain and medicine use should be addressed in adolescent health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gobina
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Riga Stradins University, Latvia
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23
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Giebelstein J, Schechinger W, Plettig LM, Hojlund K, Levin K, Beck-Nielsen H, Klein HH. Insulin stimulates FoxO4 protein abundance in human skeletal muscle in lean healthy but not in obese subjects with or without type 2 diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1374898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Egede MB, Henriksen JE, Durck TT, Levin K, Rantzau C, Ward G, Beck-Nielsen H, Alford FP. Glucose effectiveness in nondiabetic relatives: dysglycemia and β-cell function at 10 years. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:1420-4. [PMID: 24432994 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reduced glucose effectiveness is a predictor of future glucose tolerance in individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes. We examined retrospectively at 10 years in normoglycemic relatives of diabetic subjects (RELs) the pathophysiological role of glucose effectiveness in the development of isolated impaired fasting glucose, glucose intolerance, and acute insulin release. METHODS At 0 years, 19 RELs and 18 matched control subjects had glucose effectiveness (GE), insulin sensitivity, acute insulin release (AIR)IVGTT, and disposition index measured during an iv glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), using the minimal model analysis. At 0 and 10 years, oral glucose tolerance (OGTT) and AIROGTT were determined. RESULTS At 0 years, fasting glucose (FG) and GE were raised in RELs, but insulin sensitivity and AIROGTT were reduced (P ≤ .05) compared with controls. At 10 years, RELs developed raised fasting and 2-hour OGTT glucose. FG10y correlated significantly with FG0y and body mass index0y and negatively with √GE and 2-hour OGTT glucose10y with FG0y and negatively with AIRIVGTT0y and AIROGTT0y. Log AIROGTT10y correlated with √GE, log AIRIVGTT0y and log AIROGTT0y. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated the following: REL FG10y was predicted by combined FG0y, √GE and body mass index0y (radj(2) = 56%; P ≤ .001) and 2-hour OGTT glucose10y weakly related by FG0y,and √GE (r(adj)(2) = 25%; P = .06). Log AIROGTT10y was predicted by AIRIVGTT0y and √GE (r(adj)(2) = 46%; P ≤ .004). CONCLUSION In normoglycemic RELs, a relative reduction of glucose effectiveness is an important contributor over 10 years to the development of isolated impaired fasting glucose and reduced acute insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Egede
- Diabetes Research Centre (M.B.E., J.-E.H., T.T.D., K.L., H.B.-N.), Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark; The Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute (C.R.), University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia, and Departments of Endocrinology and Diabetes, and Medicine (G.W., F.P.A.), St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy 3065, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Shah M, Munther A, Levin K, Wen N, Ryu S, Siddiqui F. Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for Adrenal Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Farkas J, Arcot K, Kumar R, Delbrune J, Papamitsakis N, Margulis Y, Walzman D, Dash S, Levin K, Azhar S. E-025 Initial Multicentre Experience Using the Penumbra 5Max,4MAX and 3MAX Reperfusion Catheters in Acute Stroke Therapy. J Neurointerv Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010870.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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27
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Farkas J, Arcot K, Walzman D, Kumar R, Delbrune J, Papamitsakis N, Margulis Y, Dash S, Levin K, Azhar S. E-044 The Penumbra 5MAX, 4MAX and 3MAX Reperfusion Catheters in Treatment of Acute Ischaemic Stroke: Initial Clinical Experience. J Neurointerv Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010870.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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28
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Chien CC, Guo H, Levin K. Comment on "density and spin response of a strongly interacting Fermi gas in the attractive and quasirepulsive regime". Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:118901-118902. [PMID: 23005692 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.118901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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29
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Miller B, Dickinson M, Nurushev T, Rasmusson R, Smith C, Orfali A, Wen N, Cormier A, Gifford L, Dragovic J, Movsas B, Aref I, Levin K, Ryu S, Ajlouni M, Walker E, Pradhan D, Chetty I. SU-E-T-197: A Comprehensive Variance Reporting System and an Analysis of Variances Reported at Our Institution. Med Phys 2012; 39:3748. [PMID: 28517805 DOI: 10.1118/1.4735256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is essential for radiation oncology departments to have comprehensive patient safety and quality programs. Two years ago we undertook a systematic review of our safety/QA program. Existing policies were updated and new policies created where necessary. One crucial component of any safety/QA program is continually updating it based on current information, the 'check' and 'act' portions of the Deming Cycle. We accomplished this with a transparent variance reporting system and a safety/QA committee reviewing and acting on reported variances. METHODS With 5 radiation oncology centers in our institution, we needed to devise a system that would allow anyone to report a variance and provide our QA committee the ability to review variances system-wide. We developed the system using web-based tools. The system allows individuals to report variances, anonymously or named, specify the nature of the variance and indicate the tools used to identify the variance. RESULTS In 2011, 285 variances were reported, 102 were reported by physicists, 86 anonymously, 71 by therapists and 26 by dosimetrists. We realized the need to develop clear classifications for variances. We added a high priority category, defined as variances which resulted in or had the potential to result in harm to a patient or when a policy is purposely overridden. Of the 285 variances reported, 5 were high priority. We created a process variance category, defined as variances where a specific clinical process is not followed. Of the 285 reported variances 155 were process variances. CONCLUSIONS Reporting of variances through a centralized database is central toward developing a robust patient safety/quality assurance program. Anonymous reporting fosters a non-punitive environment, and promotes the 'safety culture'. The goal of such a system is to review trends in clinical processes and ultimately to improve safety/quality by reducing variances associated with these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Miller
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - M Dickinson
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - T Nurushev
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - R Rasmusson
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - C Smith
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - A Orfali
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - N Wen
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - A Cormier
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - L Gifford
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - J Dragovic
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - B Movsas
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - I Aref
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - K Levin
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - S Ryu
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - M Ajlouni
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - E Walker
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - D Pradhan
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
| | - I Chetty
- Henry Ford Health System, Clinton Twp., MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, Brownstown Twp, MI.,Henry Ford Health System, West Bloomfield, MI
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Liu D, Chen D, Chetvertkov M, Altman M, Li H, Wen N, Glide-Hurst C, Ajlouni M, Levin K, Movsas B, Chetty I. SU-E-T-487: Spatial Assessment of Dose Distributions for Patients with Lung Cancer Treated with Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR). Med Phys 2012; 39:3817. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4735576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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31
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Wen N, Kim J, Kim S, Glide-Hurst C, Jin J, Gordon J, Nurushev T, Chetty I, Levin K, Movsas B, Ryu S. SU-E-J-59: Dual Imaging Guided Localization System for Spine Radiosurgery. Med Phys 2012; 39:3666. [PMID: 28517577 DOI: 10.1118/1.4734894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare localization accuracies between an ExacTrac and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems for single fraction spine adiosurgery. The work also aimed to evaluate the inherent systematic deviation of both ExacTrac and CBCT systems to achieve highly accurate localization in the spine radiosurgery. METHODS ExacTrac and CBCT imaging systems were evaluated using the linac isocenter as the mutual reference point. First, a BB was placed in an anthropomorphic pelvic phantom. The phantom was localized with both imaging systems and the procedure was repeated 12 times. These results were used to devise a localization protocol using both imaging systems in spine radiosurgery, and employed for 51 patients (81 isocenters) prescribed for single fraction treatment. The displacement discrepancy between the isocenter and two systems were quantified in four dimensions (three translations, one rotation). A Student's two-tailed t-test was used to test for significant differences between the two imaging systems. RESULTS The phantom study showed 1.4±0.5, 0.6±0.5, and 0.1±0.5 mm differences between the two imaging systems in the anterior/posterior (A/P), superior/inferior (S/I) and left/right (L/R) directions, respectively. The angular difference was minimal along all three axes. The patient study revealed similar isocenter discrepancies between ExacTrac and CBCT of 1.1 ± 0.7 mm, 1.0±0.9 mm, and 0.2±0.9 mm in the A/P, S/I, and L/R directions, respectively, with the A/P and S/I directions showing statistical significance ((t(80) = 13.5 and 7.6 respectively, p = 0.000). The couch yaw discrepancy was 0 ± 0.3°. Overall, 1 mm systematic differences were observed in the A/P and S/I directions between ExacTrac and CBCT localization systems, both in phantom and patient. A procedure was developed to mitigate this systematic discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS These findings have justified our patient localization tolerance levels of 2 mm translation and 1 degree rotation for spine SRS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wen
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - J Kim
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - S Kim
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | | | - J Jin
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - J Gordon
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | | | - I Chetty
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - K Levin
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - B Movsas
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - S Ryu
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
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32
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Giebelstein J, Poschmann G, Højlund K, Schechinger W, Dietrich JW, Levin K, Beck-Nielsen H, Podwojski K, Stühler K, Meyer HE, Klein HH. The proteomic signature of insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle reveals increased glycolytic and decreased mitochondrial enzymes. Diabetologia 2012; 55:1114-27. [PMID: 22282162 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2456-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in skeletal muscle are incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to obtain a global picture of changes in protein abundance in skeletal muscle in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and those associated with whole-body measures of insulin action. METHODS Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from ten healthy lean (LE), 11 obese non-diabetic (OB), and ten obese type 2 diabetic participants before and after hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps. Quantitative proteome analysis was performed by two-dimensional differential-gel electrophoresis and tandem-mass-spectrometry-based protein identification. RESULTS Forty-four protein spots displayed significant (p < 0.05) changes in abundance by at least a factor of 1.5 between groups. Several proteins were identified in multiple spots, suggesting post-translational modifications. Multiple spots containing glycolytic and fast-muscle proteins showed increased abundance, whereas spots with mitochondrial and slow-muscle proteins were downregulated in the OB and obese type 2 diabetic groups compared with the LE group. No differences in basal levels of myosin heavy chains were observed. The abundance of multiple spots representing glycolytic and fast-muscle proteins correlated negatively with insulin action on glucose disposal, glucose oxidation and lipid oxidation, while several spots with proteins involved in oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function correlated positively with these whole-body measures of insulin action. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that increased glycolytic and decreased mitochondrial protein abundance together with a shift in muscle properties towards a fast-twitch pattern in the absence of marked changes in fibre-type distribution contribute to insulin resistance in obesity with and without type 2 diabetes. The roles of several differentially expressed or post-translationally modified proteins remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Giebelstein
- Medizinische Klinik I, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Universitätsklinikum Bergmannsheil, Klinikum der Ruhr Universität Bochum, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, Bochum, Germany
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Robbins J, Alawieh Z, Glide-Hurst C, Siddiqui M, Aldridge K, Dragovic J, Pradhan D, Levin K, Walker E. Dosimetric Indications for Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for the Treatment of Large Right Breast Volumes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Levin K. Inequalities in eating behaviour of 11- 15 year old boys and girls in Scotland, 2002-2010. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.143586.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Levin K, Torsheim T, Vollebergh W, Richter M, Davies C, Schnohr C, Due P, Currie C. O4-1.4 National income and income inequality, family affluence and life satisfaction among adolescents in 35 countries. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976b.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Guo H, Wulin D, Chien CC, Levin K. Microscopic approach to shear viscosities of unitary Fermi gases above and below the superfluid transition. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:020403. [PMID: 21797583 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments on the shear viscosity η in a unitary Fermi gas fail to see the theoretically predicted upturn in η at the lower T. In this Letter, we compute η in a fashion which is demonstrably consistent with conservation laws and, in the process, provide an understanding of recent experiments. We show that this disagreement with prior theories cannot be readily attributed to the trap, since (via edge effects) trap-averaged viscosities will be larger than their homogeneous counterparts. The small values of η we find can be simply understood; they reflect the fact that the Goldstone bosons (phonons) do not couple to transverse probes such as η, and fermionic excitations, which determine the viscosity, are necessarily absent in the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Guo H, Chien CC, Levin K. Establishing the presence of coherence in atomic fermi superfluids: spin-flip and spin-preserving Bragg scattering at finite temperatures. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:120401. [PMID: 20867615 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We show how in ultracold Fermi gases the difference between the finite temperature T structure factors, called S_(ω,q), associated with spin and density, reflects coherent order at all ω, q, k(F)a, and T. This observation can be exploited in two photon Bragg scattering experiments on gases which are subject to variable attractive interactions. Our calculations incorporate spin and particle number conservation laws which lead to compatibility at general T with two f-sum rules. Because of its generality a measurement of S_(ω,q) can be a qualitative, direct, in situ approach for establishing superfluid order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Giebelstein J, Dietrich JW, Schechinger W, Poschmann G, Podwojski K, Stühler K, Meyer HE, Levin K, Beck-Nielsen H, Hojlund K, Klein HH. Proteomanalyse bei Skelettmuskelbiopsien von schlanken, adipösen und adipösen Probanden mit Diabetes. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1254007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Højlund K, Yi Z, Lefort N, Langlais P, Bowen B, Levin K, Beck-Nielsen H, Mandarino LJ. Human ATP synthase beta is phosphorylated at multiple sites and shows abnormal phosphorylation at specific sites in insulin-resistant muscle. Diabetologia 2010; 53:541-51. [PMID: 20012595 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence indicates that reversible phosphorylation regulates oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) proteins. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify site-specific phosphorylation of the catalytic beta subunit of ATP synthase (ATPsyn-beta) and determine protein abundance of ATPsyn-beta and other OxPhos components in skeletal muscle from healthy and insulin-resistant individuals. METHODS Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from lean, healthy, obese, non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic volunteers (each group n = 10) for immunoblotting of proteins, and hypothesis-driven identification and quantification of phosphorylation sites on ATPsyn-beta using targeted nanospray tandem mass spectrometry. Volunteers were metabolically characterised by euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamps. RESULTS Seven phosphorylation sites were identified on ATPsyn-beta purified from human skeletal muscle. Obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes were characterised by impaired insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rates, and showed a approximately 30% higher phosphorylation of ATPsyn-beta at Tyr361 and Thr213 (within the nucleotide-binding region of ATP synthase) as well as a coordinated downregulation of ATPsyn-beta protein and other OxPhos components. Insulin increased Tyr361 phosphorylation of ATPsyn-beta by approximately 50% in lean and healthy, but not insulin-resistant, individuals. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data demonstrate that ATPsyn-beta is phosphorylated at multiple sites in human skeletal muscle, and suggest that abnormal site-specific phosphorylation of ATPsyn-beta together with reduced content of OxPhos proteins contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in insulin resistance. Further characterisation of phosphorylation of ATPsyn-beta may offer novel targets of treatment in human diseases with mitochondrial dysfunction, such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Højlund
- Center for Metabolic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, PO Box 87370, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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Walls N, Nurushev T, Jin J, Levin K, Patel S, Ryu S, Chetty I, Movsas B. Assessment of 2D X-ray and Volumetric-based Localization Imaging for Patients Treated with SRS and SBRT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.07.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Levin K, Currie C. Inequalities in the health and well-being of 15-year-old boys and girls in Scotland and the mediating effect of the family meal. Br J Soc Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2009.096719l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Thye-Rønn P, Knudsen C, Levin K, Mencke S, Gjessing H, Beck-Nielsen H. P-116: Physical fitness, body composition and intraabdominal fat: Relation to insulin resistance and insulin secretion in relatives of patients with NIDDM. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Walls NW, Nurushev T, Levin K, Patel S, Movsas B, Ryu S, Chetty I. SU-FF-T-560: Evaluation of ExacTrac and CBCT Patient Positioning On the Novalis TX. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
We address recent momentum-resolved radio frequency (rf) spectroscopy experiments, showing how they yield more stringent tests than other comparisons with theory, associated with the ultracold Fermi gases. We demonstrate that, by providing a clear dispersion signature of pairing, they remove the ambiguity plaguing the interpretation of previous rf experiments. Our calculated spectral intensities are in semiquantitative agreement with the data. Even in the presence of a trap, the spectra are predicted to exhibit two BCS-like branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin Chen
- Zhejiang Institute of Modern Physics and Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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Westgren U, Burger A, Levin K, Melander A, Nilsson G, Pettersson U. Divergent changes of serum 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Acta Med Scand 2009; 201:269-72. [PMID: 403745 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1977.tb15698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The serum levels of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3, rT3), thyroxine-binding globulin and thyroid-stimulating hormone have been monitored in 13 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The major changes recorded were a transient decrease in T3 and a transient increase in rT3. They reached a nadir and a peak, respectively, within three days. A conceivable explanation for these alterations is that the monodeiodination of T4 is diverted from the activating pathway (T4 to T3) to the inactivating pathway (T4 to rT3).
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Abstract
Serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels were studied in 55 hypothyroid patients in order to determine adequate replacement and suppression dosages of 1-thyroxine (T4). In accordance with previous reports it was found that most patients had normal TSH levels and were clinically euthyroid at daily doses of 0.10-0.15 mg T4. None of the patients required a dose exceeding 0.20 mg. When the TSH levels normalized, serum thyroxine and serum triiodothyronine also fell to levels within their normal ranges. The effectiveness of various doses of T4 in suppressing the temporary rise in serum TSH concentration normally induced by thyrotropin-releasing hormone was examined in 57 patients treated with T4 for atoxic goitre or after subtotal surgical removal of such a goitre. The rise in TSH was not usually inhibited by a T4 dose of less than 0.20 mg, a finding which at least theoretically has implications for the adequate suppressive dose of T4.
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Abstract
Subclinical hypothyroidism is an example of the impact of technology on the concept of a disease. It denotes a condition in which laboratory findings, at least including a raised serum thyrotropin (s-TSH), indicate hypothyroidism in the absence of clinical signs or symptoms of this disease. One reason for attention to cases of subclinical hypothyroidism is the publication of reports, from the time before introduction of the s-TSH assay, that hypercholesterolaemia precedes other evidence of thyroid failure with attendant risks of ischaemic heart disease and other atherosclerotic manifestations. The present investigation, which concerned the lipid pattern in sublinical hypothyroiism, offered no support for such a concept of hypercholesterolaemia as a premonitory sign of hypothyroidism. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between the serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides before and after the administration of a thyroxine dose, necessary to suppress the s-TSH into a normal range, in cases of sublinical hypothyroidism. Nor were there any changes during this therapy in body weight, ECG, or Hb levels, which represent important parameters often found to be abnormal in overt hypothyroidism. From a practical point of view, subclinical hypothyroidism probably can be regarded as a state in which reduction of thyroid activity has been compensated by an increased s-TSH secretion to maintain a clinically euthyroid state. When no goitre is found, the rationale of treatment of this condition remains to be proved.
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He Y, Chien CC, Chen Q, Levin K. Temperature and final state effects in radio frequency spectroscopy experiments on atomic fermi gases. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:020402. [PMID: 19257250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple and systematic characterization of the radio frequency (rf) spectra of homogeneous, paired atomic Fermi gases at general temperatures T in the presence of final-state interactions. The spectra, consisting of possible bound states and positive as well as negative detuning (nu) continua, satisfy exactly the zeroth- and first-moment sum rules at all T. We show how to best extract the pairing gap and how to detect the nu<0 continuum arising from thermally excited quasiparticles, not yet seen experimentally. We explain semiquantitatively recent rf experiments on "bound-bound" transitions, predicting effects of varying temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Hulstrøm V, Højlund K, Vinten J, Beck-Nielsen H, Levin K. Adiponectin and its response to thiazolidinediones are associated with insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients and their first-degree relatives. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10:1019-28. [PMID: 18284435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2008.00854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their first-degree relatives (FDRs) are characterized by hypoadiponectinaema and insulin resistance. In T2D patients, plasma adiponectin and insulin sensitivity (SI) increase in response to thiazolidinediones (TZDs). These findings suggest a role for adiponectin in the regulation of SI. We studied the relationship between plasma adiponectin and glucose and lipid metabolism and the effect of troglitazone (200 mg/day) for 12 weeks in 19 normoglycaemic, obese FDR and 20 obese T2D patients, using euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamps, glycolytic flux calculations and indirect calorimetry. Plasma adiponectin was similar in both groups, despite higher glucose disposal (Rd), glucose oxidation and glycolytic flux and lower lipid oxidation during insulin stimulation in FDR compared with T2D patients. Plasma adiponectin correlated with insulin-stimulated Rd, non-oxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), glucose storage and SI in both groups after adjustment for sex and body fat. The troglitazone-mediated upregulation of plasma adiponectin was associated with increased insulin-stimulated Rd, NOGD and glucose storage in both groups. No effect on endogenous glucose production was observed. In FDR, plasma adiponectin correlated with insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase activity and the troglitazone-induced increase in plasma adiponectin correlated with the improvement in insulin-stimulated Rd and SI after adjustment for sex and body fat. In conclusion, plasma adiponectin in weight-matched FDR and T2D patients is comparably low and correlates with insulin-mediated glucose uptake and storage. Moreover, these data provide evidence for an adiponectin-dependent insulin-sensitizing effect of TZDs at an early stage before development of T2D and that this effect is exerted mainly on insulin-mediated glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hulstrøm
- Department of Medical Physiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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