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Hyde ET, Brown DR, Webber BJ, Piercy KL, Omura JD, Rose K, Whitfield GP. Meeting the Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity Guidelines Among Older US Adults, National Health Interview Survey 1998-2018. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241232930. [PMID: 38375621 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241232930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, second edition, recommends older adults participate in ≥150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity equivalent aerobic activity and ≥2 days per week of muscle-strengthening activity. We estimated prevalence and trends of meeting the guidelines among US adults aged ≥65 years from 1998 to 2018. Using the 1998-2018 National Health Interview Survey, we estimated the prevalence of meeting aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and combined physical activity guidelines stratified by age group, sex, race and ethnicity, and education level. Within age groups, we calculated prevalence differences by sociodemographic categories. Prevalence of meeting each guideline increased for all age groups and most sociodemographic subgroups. The increased magnitude of meeting the combined guideline from 1998-2000 to 2016-2018 differed across levels of educational attainment for most age groups. Despite increasing over time, the prevalence among older adults of meeting physical activity guidelines remains low (range for combined guideline: 7.2%-17.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hyde
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David R Brown
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bryant J Webber
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John D Omura
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ken Rose
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Geoffrey P Whitfield
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Fallon EA, Brown DR, Callahan LF, Foster AL, Kim JS, Lo GH, Piercy KL. Stepping Up Counseling and Referral to Effective Physical Activity Interventions for Adults With Osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 2024; 51:209-212. [PMID: 37967909 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Fallon
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Population Health, Atlanta, Georgia;
| | - David R Brown
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leigh F Callahan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Osteoarthritis Action Alliance, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anika L Foster
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Population Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Grace H Lo
- Medical Care Line and Research Care Line, Houston Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development, Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Katrina L Piercy
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Washington, DC, USA
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Katzmarzyk PT, Jakicic JM, Pate RR, Piercy KL, Whitsel LP. Amplifying Support for Physical Activity: The National Strategy on Hunger, Nutrition, and Health. Am J Prev Med 2023; 65:1187-1191. [PMID: 37467867 PMCID: PMC10792114 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
| | - John M Jakicic
- Division of Physical Activity & Weight Management, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
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Webber BJ, Deuster PA, Fraser JJ, Nindl BC, Phillips EM, Piercy KL, Stiegmann RA, Bornstein DB. Research agenda for physical activity promotion to enhance health and performance in the military community. BMJ Mil Health 2023:e002565. [PMID: 37949478 DOI: 10.1136/military-2023-002565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryant J Webber
- Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
| | - P A Deuster
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J J Fraser
- Operational Readiness and Health Directorate, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, USA
| | - B C Nindl
- Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E M Phillips
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - R A Stiegmann
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Parker, Colorado, USA
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Vaux-Bjerke A, Polster M, Swanson L, Armbruster S, Piercy KL. Virtual Workshops as an Effective and Engaging Policy Implementation Strategy: Lessons From the National Youth Sports Strategy. Health Promot Pract 2023:15248399231206081. [PMID: 37904488 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231206081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Implementation is an important piece of effective policymaking, but connecting local organizations with federal policy can be challenging. A virtual workshop structure can help engage implementation partners, especially when in-person events are not possible. The workshops described here leveraged virtual outreach and facilitation methods to foster community engagement, forge connections, and build relationships at the regional, state, and local levels. METHODS. This article focuses on five virtual workshops. The planning phase consisted of selecting the geographic scope of each workshop, developing outreach and facilitation materials, and supporting event logistics. The execution and summary phase included tailoring materials, hosting the events, and producing follow-up materials. Networking, resource sharing, collaboration, and active facilitation were employed to promote engagement. RESULTS. Registration for the virtual workshops included 223 individuals representing organizations in 28 states. Participants shared 133 resources. In a post-event evaluation, 93% of respondents indicated they could identify at least one new resource to support their efforts to increase youth sports participation in their community, and 94% indicated they plan to follow up and explore potential partnerships/collaborations with others they met or heard from at the workshop. Networking and resource sharing were identified as the most useful aspects of the workshops. CONCLUSIONS. With careful planning and collaboration, virtual workshops represent a useful community engagement mechanism to bring policy into practice. Creating events focused on the participant experience supports health promotion professionals, engages communities, and takes a policy off the page and out to the people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Vaux-Bjerke
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Malorie Polster
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lewissa Swanson
- Region 10, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
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Vaux-Bjerke A, John DH, Piercy KL. Systematic Review Protocol to Evaluate the Evidence Informing the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Midcourse Report: Implementation Strategies for Older Adults. J Healthy Eat Act Living 2023; 3:36-45. [PMID: 37794919 PMCID: PMC10546940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (Guidelines) advises older adults to be as active as possible. Yet, despite the well documented benefits of physical activity just 12.8% of those ages 65 and older meet the Guidelines. To address this, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) developed a Midcourse Report focused on effective strategies to improve older adult physical activity behaviors. The first step in this process was a systematic literature review. A literature review team was contracted to examine the evidence on key settings and effective behavioral intervention strategies, as well as effective policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) approaches, to improve physical activity among older adults. The PSE search employed an equity-centered framework adapted to researching PSE approaches for improving physical activity outcomes in older adults. Sixteen thousand eight hundred and eighty-three titles and abstracts were screened, and 734 full articles were reviewed for inclusion. Of those, 64 original research articles were included for the final review to answer two questions, one (plus 5 sub-questions) focused on Settings/Strategies literature (45 studies) and one (plus 2 sub-questions) focused on PSE literature (19 studies). The literature review process identified key settings and evidence-based strategies to support older adults in becoming more physically active, and provides a foundation for the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans Midcourse Report: Implementation Strategies for Older Adults. More research is needed to address how factors related to equity and psychosocial constructs influence physical activity behaviors among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Vaux-Bjerke
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD,
U.S.A.
| | - Deborah H. John
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences,
U.S.A.
| | - Katrina L. Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD,
U.S.A.
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Reed P, Haven J, Stoody EE, Piercy KL, de Jesus JM. Looking ahead to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2025 – 2030: A Call to Action. Am J Clin Nutr 2023:S0002-9165(23)46318-6. [PMID: 37019363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Olscamp K, Pompano L, Piercy KL, Oh A, Barnett EY, Lee MS, Fisher DG, Bevington F. Understanding the Impact of Move Your Way Campaign Exposure on Key Physical Activity Outcomes - Results from a Multi-site Pilot Evaluation. J Healthy Eat Act Living 2022; 2:113-125. [PMID: 37771479 PMCID: PMC10521998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The Move Your Way® campaign was developed to encourage physical activity contemplators to get active. A pilot test of campaign implementation was conducted and evaluated in eight communities between March and October 2020. A web-based, cross-sectional survey of adults collected pilot campaign outcome data after campaign implementation. Differences in outcomes between exposed and unexposed groups across the communities were compared. A total of n = 5,140 responded to the survey. Across eight communities, those who reported campaign exposure had 7.2 (95% CI, 6.1-8.6) greater odds of being aware of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (Guidelines) compared to unexposed respondents. Additionally, they had greater odds of identifying the correct aerobic and muscle-strengthening dosages and had 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1-1.6) greater odds of reporting meeting both the aerobic and muscle-strengthening Guidelines. In this pilot evaluation, reported exposure to Move Your Way is associated with higher odds of being aware of the Guidelines, knowing recommended dosages, likelihood of becoming more active in the future, higher physical activity self-efficacy, making a recent physical activity behavior change, and higher physical activity levels. The Move Your Way campaign can be used in communities to promote physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Olscamp
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, U.S.A
| | - Laura Pompano
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, U.S.A
| | - Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, U.S.A
| | - April Oh
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | - Frances Bevington
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, U.S.A
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Webber BJ, Piercy KL, Hyde ET, Whitfield GP. Association of Muscle-Strengthening and Aerobic Physical Activity With Mortality in US Adults Aged 65 Years or Older. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2236778. [PMID: 36251297 PMCID: PMC9577673 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This cohort study uses national data to explore the dose-response association between guideline-recommended physical activity and mortality in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant J. Webber
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Katrina L. Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Eric T. Hyde
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Geoffrey P. Whitfield
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Hyde ET, Omura JD, Fulton JE, Lee SM, Piercy KL, Carlson SA. Disparities in Youth Sports Participation in the U.S., 2017-2018. Am J Prev Med 2020; 59:e207-e210. [PMID: 32741540 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2019, the National Youth Sports Strategy was released and called for regular analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of U.S. youth sports surveillance data. The purpose of this study is to provide the recent national estimates of U.S. youth aged 6-17 years who participate in sports and examine the differences in participation by demographic characteristics, overall and across age groups. METHODS Nationally representative data on parent-reported youth sports participation from the 2017-2018 National Survey of Children's Health (n=36,779) were analyzed in 2019. The prevalence and 95% CIs of youth sports participation were estimated by demographic characteristics, overall and by age group. Investigators assessed the significant (p<0.05) differences and trends in participation using pairwise t-tests and orthogonal polynomial contrasts and effect modification by age group using logistic regression models. RESULTS Overall, 57.7% (95% CI=56.6, 58.9) of U.S. youth participated in sports. Participation was highest among youth who were aged 10-13 years, male, and white, non-Hispanic and increased with increasing parent/caregiver education and household income (all p<0.05). Differences in participation by demographic characteristics were more pronounced among younger youth. For example, prevalence by household income level ranged from 32.7% to 79.9% among children aged 6-9 years and from 41.6% to 67.2% among youth aged 14-17 years. CONCLUSIONS Although nearly 6 in 10 U.S. youth participate in sports, substantial disparities exist, especially among younger children. Identifying and overcoming the barriers may help increase youth sports participation in the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hyde
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - John D Omura
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Janet E Fulton
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah M Lee
- Division of Population Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Susan A Carlson
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Hyde ET, Omura JD, Fulton JE, Lee SM, Piercy KL, Carlson SA. Youth Sports Participation In The United States, 2016-2017. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000680592.79201.4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pescatello LS, Buchner DM, Jakicic JM, Powell KE, Kraus WE, Bloodgood Sheppard B, Campbell WW, Dietz S, Dipietro L, George SM, Mctiernan A, Pate RR, Piercy KL. Response. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:1003-1004. [PMID: 32175979 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jakicic JM, Kraus WE, Powell KE, Campbell WW, Janz KF, Troiano RP, Sprow K, Torres A, Piercy KL. Association between Bout Duration of Physical Activity and Health: Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1213-1219. [PMID: 31095078 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review to determine whether physical activity episodes of <10 min in duration have health-related benefits or, alternatively, if the benefits are only realized when the duration of physical activity episodes is ≥10 min. METHODS The primary literature search was conducted for the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report and encompassed literature through June 2017, with an additional literature search conducted to include literature published through March 2018 for inclusion in this systematic review. RESULTS The literature review identified 29 articles that were pertinent to the research question that used either cross-sectional, prospective cohort, or randomized designs. One prospective cohort study (N = 4840) reported similar associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and all-cause mortality when examined as total MVPA, MVPA in bouts ≥5 min in duration, or MVPA in bouts ≥10 min in duration. Additional evidence was identified from cross-sectional and prospective studies to support that bouts of physical activity <10 min in duration are associated with a variety of health outcomes. Randomized studies only examined bouts of physical activity ≥10 min in duration. CONCLUSIONS The current evidence, from cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies, supports that physical activity of any bout duration is associated with improved health outcomes, which includes all-cause mortality. This may suggest the need for a contemporary paradigm shift in public health recommendations for physical activity, which supports total MVPA as an important lifestyle behavior regardless of the bout duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Jakicic
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - William E Kraus
- Department and School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kathleen F Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Richard P Troiano
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Kyle Sprow
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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Kraus WE, Powell KE, Haskell WL, Janz KF, Campbell WW, Jakicic JM, Troiano RP, Sprow K, Torres A, Piercy KL. Physical Activity, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1270-1281. [PMID: 31095084 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conduct a systematic umbrella review to evaluate the relationship of physical activity (PA) with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD); to evaluate the shape of the dose-response relationships; and to evaluate these relationships relative to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report. METHODS Primary search encompassing 2006 to March, 2018 for existing systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and pooled analyses reporting on these relationships. Graded the strength of evidence using a matrix developed for the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. RESULTS The association of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and atherosclerotic CVD-including incident coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke and heart failure-are very similar. Increasing MVPA to guidelines amounts in the inactive US population has the potential to have an important and substantial positive impact on these outcomes in the adult population. The following points are clear: the associations of PA with beneficial health outcomes begin when adopting very modest (one-third of guidelines) amounts; any MVPA is better than none; meeting the 2008 PA guidelines reduces mortality and CVD risk to about 75% of the maximal benefit obtained by physical activity alone; PA amounts beyond guidelines recommendations amount reduces risk even more, but greater amounts of PA are required to obtain smaller health benefits; and there is no evidence of excess risk over the maximal effect observed at about three to five times the amounts associated with current guidelines. When PA is quantified in terms of energy expenditure (MET·h·wk), these relationships hold for walking, running, and biking. CONCLUSIONS To avoid the risks associated with premature mortality and the development of ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and all-cause heart failure, all adults should strive to reach the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Kraus
- Department and School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - William L Haskell
- Stanford Center for Research in Disease Prevention, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Kathleen F Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - John M Jakicic
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Richard P Troiano
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Kyle Sprow
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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Jakicic JM, Powell KE, Campbell WW, Dipietro L, Pate RR, Pescatello LS, Collins KA, Bloodgood B, Piercy KL. Physical Activity and the Prevention of Weight Gain in Adults: A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1262-1269. [PMID: 31095083 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic literature review to determine if physical activity is associated with prevention of weight gain in adults. METHODS The primary literature search was conducted for the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee and encompassed literature through June 2017, with an additional literature search conducted to include literature published through March 2018 for inclusion in this systematic review. RESULTS The literature review identified 40 articles pertinent to the research question. There is strong evidence of an association between physical activity and prevention of weight gain in adults, with the majority of the evidence from prospective cohort studies. Based on limited evidence in adults, however, there is a dose-response relationship and the prevention of weight gain is most pronounced when moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (≥3 METs) is above 150 min·wk. Although there is strong evidence to demonstrate that the relationship between greater time spent in physical activity and attenuated weight gain in adults is observed with moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, there is insufficient evidence available to determine if there is an association between light-intensity activity (<3 METs) and attenuated weight gain in adults. CONCLUSIONS The scientific evidence supports that physical activity can be an effective lifestyle behavior to prevent or minimize weight gain in adults. Therefore, public health initiatives to prevent weight gain, overweight, and obesity should include physical activity as an important lifestyle behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Jakicic
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutritional Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Loretta Dipietro
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Russell R Pate
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | | | - Katherine A Collins
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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Pescatello LS, Buchner DM, Jakicic JM, Powell KE, Kraus WE, Bloodgood B, Campbell WW, Dietz S, Dipietro L, George SM, Macko RF, McTiernan A, Pate RR, Piercy KL. Physical Activity to Prevent and Treat Hypertension: A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1314-1323. [PMID: 31095088 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic umbrella review examines and updates the evidence on the relationship between physical activity (PA) and blood pressure (BP) presented in the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report. METHODS We performed a systematic review to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses involving adults with normal BP, prehypertension, and hypertension published from 2006 to February 2018. RESULTS In total, 17 meta-analyses and one systematic review with 594,129 adults ≥18 yr qualified. Strong evidence demonstrates: 1) an inverse dose-response relationship between PA and incident hypertension among adults with normal BP; 2) PA reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) progression among adults with hypertension; 3) PA reduces BP among adults with normal BP, prehypertension, and hypertension; and 4) the magnitude of the BP response to PA varies by resting BP, with greater benefits among adults with prehypertension than normal BP. Moderate evidence indicates the relationship between resting BP and the magnitude of benefit does not vary by PA type among adults with normal BP, prehypertension, and hypertension. Limited evidence suggests the magnitude of the BP response to PA varies by resting BP among adults with hypertension. Insufficient evidence is available to determine if factors such as sex, age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and weight status or the frequency, intensity, time, and duration of PA influence the associations between PA and BP. CONCLUSIONS Future research is needed that adheres to standard BP measurement protocols and classification schemes to better understand the influence of PA on the risk of comorbid conditions, health-related quality of life, and CVD progression and mortality; the interactive effects between PA and antihypertensive medication use; and the immediate BP-lowering benefits of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David M Buchner
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - John M Jakicic
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - William E Kraus
- Department and School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Wayne W Campbell
- Departments of Nutrition Science and Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Loretta Dipietro
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Milken Institute of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Stephanie M George
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Richard F Macko
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Geriatrics and School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anne McTiernan
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Russell R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science and School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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Dipietro L, Evenson KR, Bloodgood B, Sprow K, Troiano RP, Piercy KL, Vaux-Bjerke A, Powell KE. Benefits of Physical Activity during Pregnancy and Postpartum: An Umbrella Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1292-1302. [PMID: 31095086 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to summarize the evidence from the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report, including new evidence from an updated search of the effects of physical activity on maternal health during pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS An initial search was undertaken to identify systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2006 and 2016. An updated search then identified additional systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between January 2017 and February 2018. The searches were conducted in PubMed®, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library and supplemented through hand searches of reference lists of included articles and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS The original and updated searches yielded a total of 76 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Strong evidence demonstrated that moderate-intensity physical activity reduced the risk of excessive gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, and symptoms of postpartum depression. Limited evidence suggested an inverse relationship between physical activity and risk of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, and antenatal anxiety and depressive symptomology. Insufficient evidence was available to determine the effect of physical activity on postpartum weight loss, postpartum anxiety, and affect during both pregnancy and postpartum. For all health outcomes, there was insufficient evidence to determine whether the relationships varied by age, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or prepregnancy weight status. CONCLUSIONS The gestational period is an opportunity to promote positive health behaviors that can have both short- and long-term benefits for the mother. Given the low prevalence of physical activity in young women in general, and the high prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases among the U.S. population, the public health importance of increasing physical activity in women of childbearing age before, during, and after pregnancy is substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Dipietro
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Kyle Sprow
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Richard P Troiano
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Alison Vaux-Bjerke
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
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Piercy KL. How Registered Dietitian Nutritionists Can Use the New Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:1263-1269. [PMID: 31204256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Campbell WW, Kraus WE, Powell KE, Haskell WL, Janz KF, Jakicic JM, Troiano RP, Sprow K, Torres A, Piercy KL, Bartlett DB. High-Intensity Interval Training for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1220-1226. [PMID: 31095079 PMCID: PMC6777577 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee systematically searched existing literature reviews to assess the relationship between high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and reduction in cardiometabolic disease risk. METHODS Duplicate independent screenings of 260 articles identified from PubMed®, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases yielded suitable data from one systematic review and two meta-analyses. Search terms included a combination of "high intensity" "physical activity/exercise" and "interval training" and outcome-specific terms. The quality of the included reviews was assessed using a tailored version of the AMSTARExBP report on quality. Exposure Subcommittee members graded scientific evidence strength based on a five-criteria rubric and assigned one of four grades: strong, moderate, limited, or not assignable. RESULTS Moderate evidence indicates that HIIT can improve insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and body composition in adults with group mean ages ranging from ~20 to ~77 yr. These HIIT-induced improvements in cardiometabolic disease risk factors are comparable with those resulting from moderate-intensity continuous training, and they are more likely to occur in adults at higher risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes than in healthy adults. Moderate evidence also indicates that adults with overweight or obesity classification are more responsive than adults with normal weight to HIIT-related improvements in insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and body composition. Insufficient evidence was available to determine whether a dose-response relationship exists between the quantity of HIIT performed and several risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, or whether the effects of HIIT on cardiometabolic disease risk factors are influenced by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS HIIT by adults, especially those with overweight and obesity classification, can improve insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and body composition, comparable with those resulting from moderate-intensity continuous training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne W. Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | | | | | - Kathleen F. Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Richard P. Troiano
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Kyle Sprow
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Katrina L. Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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DiPietro L, Campbell WW, Buchner DM, Erickson KI, Powell KE, Bloodgood B, Hughes T, Day KR, Piercy KL, Vaux-Bjerke A, Olson RD. Physical Activity, Injurious Falls, and Physical Function in Aging: An Umbrella Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1303-1313. [PMID: 31095087 PMCID: PMC6527126 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review and update the evidence of the relationship between physical activity, risk of fall-related injury, and physical function in community-dwelling older people that was presented in the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report (PAGAC Report). METHODS Duplicate independent screenings of 1415 systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between 2006 and 2016 identified from PubMed®, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases yielded 111 articles used for the PAGAC Report. The PAGAC Aging Subcommittee members graded scientific evidence strength based upon a five-criteria rubric and assigned one of four grades: strong, moderate, limited, or not assignable. An updated search of 368 articles published between January 2017 and March 2018 yielded 35 additional pertinent articles. RESULTS Strong evidence demonstrated that physical activity reduced the risk of fall-related injuries by 32% to 40%, including severe falls requiring medical care or hospitalization. Strong evidence also supported that physical activity improved physical function and reduced the risk of age-related loss of physical function in an inverse graded manner among the general aging population, and improved physical function in older people with frailty and with Parkinson's disease. Aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and/or multicomponent physical activity programs elicited the largest improvements in physical function in these same populations. Moderate evidence indicated that for older adults who sustained a hip fracture or stroke, extended exercise programs and mobility-oriented physical activity improved physical function. CONCLUSIONS Regular physical activity effectively helps older adults improve or delay the loss of physical function and mobility while reducing the risk of fall-related injuries. These important public health benefits underscore the importance of physical activity among older adults, especially those living with declining physical function and chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta DiPietro
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Wayne W. Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy Hughes
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Kelsey R. Day
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Katrina L. Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Alison Vaux-Bjerke
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Richard D. Olson
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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McTiernan A, Friedenreich CM, Katzmarzyk PT, Powell KE, Macko R, Buchner D, Pescatello LS, Bloodgood B, Tennant B, Vaux-Bjerke A, George SM, Troiano RP, Piercy KL. Physical Activity in Cancer Prevention and Survival: A Systematic Review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1252-1261. [PMID: 31095082 PMCID: PMC6527123 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article reviews and updates the evidence on the associations between physical activity and risk for cancer, and for mortality in persons with cancer, as presented in the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report. METHODS Systematic reviews of meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and pooled analyses were conducted through December 2016. An updated systematic review of such reports plus original research through February 2018 was conducted. This article also identifies future research needs. RESULTS In reviewing 45 reports comprising hundreds of epidemiologic studies with several million study participants, the report found strong evidence for an association between highest versus lowest physical activity levels and reduced risks of bladder, breast, colon, endometrial, esophageal adenocarcinoma, renal, and gastric cancers. Relative risk reductions ranged from approximately 10% to 20%. Based on 18 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the report also found moderate or limited associations between greater amounts of physical activity and decreased all-cause and cancer-specific mortality in individuals with a diagnosis of breast, colorectal, or prostate cancer, with relative risk reductions ranging almost up to 40% to 50%. The updated search, with five meta-analyses and 25 source articles reviewed, confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS Levels of physical activity recommended in the 2018 Guidelines are associated with reduced risk and improved survival for several cancers. More research is needed to determine the associations between physical activity and incidence for less common cancers and associations with survival for other cancers. Future studies of cancer incidence and mortality should consider these associations for population subgroups, to determine dose-response relationships between physical activity and cancer risk and prognosis, and to establish mechanisms to explain these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne McTiernan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
- Schools of Public Health and Medicine, Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine (Geriatrics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Christine M. Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, CANADA
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, CANADA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, CANADA
| | | | - Kenneth E. Powell
- Centers for Disease Control, Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, GA
| | - Richard Macko
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine; University Maryland Rehabilitation & Orthopedics Institute; Maryland Exercise & Robotics Center of Excellence, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System; Geriatrics Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - David Buchner
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL
| | - Linda S. Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | | | | | - Alison Vaux-Bjerke
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Stephanie M. George
- Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Richard P. Troiano
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katrina L. Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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Kraus WE, Janz KF, Powell KE, Campbell WW, Jakicic JM, Troiano RP, Sprow K, Torres A, Piercy KL. Daily Step Counts for Measuring Physical Activity Exposure and Its Relation to Health. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1206-1212. [PMID: 31095077 PMCID: PMC6527133 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A systematic primary literature review was conducted to evaluate the relationship of physical activity-as measured by daily step counts-with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, incident cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus; to evaluate the shape of dose-response relationships; and to interpret findings in the context of development of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, Second Edition. METHODS A primary literature search encompassing 2011 to March 2018 for existing literature reporting on these relationships was conducted. RESULTS Eleven pertinent articles were identified. Seven longitudinal studies examined the relationship between daily step counts and mortality, disease incidence, or risk. Two studies examined objectively measured steps per day and all-cause mortality; one was restricted to a relatively small elderly population. One study examined cardiovascular events, defined as cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. The other four longitudinal studies addressed incident type 2 diabetes. All longitudinal studies reported an inverse relationship between steps per day and outcome risk. In one study, 531 cardiovascular events occurred during more than 45,000 person-years of follow-up. Before intervention, each increment of 2000 steps per day up to 10,000 steps was associated with a 10% lower cardiovascular event rate. Also, for every increase of 2000 steps per day over baseline, there was an 8% yearly reduction in cardiovascular event rate in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Daily step count is a readily accessible means by which to monitor and set physical activity goals. Recent evidence supports previously limited evidence of an inverse dose-response relationship of daily steps with important health outcomes, including all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and type 2 diabetes. However, more independent studies will be required before these observations can be translated into public health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen F. Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Wayne W. Campbell
- Departments of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Richard P. Troiano
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Kyle Sprow
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Katrina L. Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD (K.L.P.)
| | - Richard P Troiano
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (R.P.T.)
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Approximately 80% of US adults and adolescents are insufficiently active. Physical activity fosters normal growth and development and can make people feel, function, and sleep better and reduce risk of many chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE To summarize key guidelines in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition (PAG). PROCESS AND EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee conducted a systematic review of the science supporting physical activity and health. The committee addressed 38 questions and 104 subquestions and graded the evidence based on consistency and quality of the research. Evidence graded as strong or moderate was the basis of the key guidelines. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) based the PAG on the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report. RECOMMENDATIONS The PAG provides information and guidance on the types and amounts of physical activity to improve a variety of health outcomes for multiple population groups. Preschool-aged children (3 through 5 years) should be physically active throughout the day to enhance growth and development. Children and adolescents aged 6 through 17 years should do 60 minutes or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily. Adults should do at least 150 minutes to 300 minutes a week of moderate-intensity, or 75 minutes to 150 minutes a week of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity aerobic activity. They should also do muscle-strengthening activities on 2 or more days a week. Older adults should do multicomponent physical activity that includes balance training as well as aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities. Pregnant and postpartum women should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity a week. Adults with chronic conditions or disabilities, who are able, should follow the key guidelines for adults and do both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities. Recommendations emphasize that moving more and sitting less will benefit nearly everyone. Individuals performing the least physical activity benefit most by even modest increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Additional benefits occur with more physical activity. Both aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity are beneficial. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition, provides information and guidance on the types and amounts of physical activity that provide substantial health benefits. Health professionals and policy makers should facilitate awareness of the guidelines and promote the health benefits of physical activity and support efforts to implement programs, practices, and policies to facilitate increased physical activity and to improve the health of the US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Richard P Troiano
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rachel M Ballard
- Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susan A Carlson
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Janet E Fulton
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Deborah A Galuska
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stephanie M George
- Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Richard D Olson
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland
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Vaux-Bjerke A, Hyde E, Piercy KL, Olson RD, Troiano RP, Fulton JE. Strong Evidence from the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000537183.11076.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vaux-Bjerke A, Piercy KL, Prowitt S, Bhutiani E, Troiano RP, Bloodgood B, Fulton JE. Evaluating the Science for Physical Activity Policy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000519775.44265.b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Piercy KL, Vaux-Bjerke A, Olson RD, Troiano RP. Translating Physical Activity Science into Federal Policy. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000485704.15871.d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mosher AL, Piercy KL, Webber BJ, Goodwin SK, Casavale KO, Olson RD. Dietary Guidelines for Americans: Implications for Primary Care Providers. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016; 10:23-35. [PMID: 30202257 PMCID: PMC6124854 DOI: 10.1177/1559827614521755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, high rates of obesity and chronic disease impose serious consequences on the population's health and health care system. Primary care providers are critical to broad prevention efforts aiming to reduce the burden of chronic disease in the nation and play an important role in addressing lifestyle behaviors that can result in illness and premature death. Unhealthy dietary behaviors largely contribute to morbidity and mortality in the United States despite national efforts to improve the nutritional quality of the typical American diet. This article discusses a comprehensive set of national evidence-based recommendations known as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans that can support primary care providers' efforts to improve patient outcomes through optimal nutrition and healthy lifestyle behaviors. This article also describes basic behavioral counseling techniques primary care providers can incorporate into time-limited patient encounters to help improve the dietary and physical activity behaviors of their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L. Mosher
- Amber L. Mosher, MPH, RD, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, 1101 Wootton Parkway, Tower Oaks Bldg, Suite LL 100, Rockville, MD 20852; e-mail:
| | - Katrina L. Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland (ALM, KLP, SKG, KOC, RDO)
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (BJW)
| | - Bryant J. Webber
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland (ALM, KLP, SKG, KOC, RDO)
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (BJW)
| | - Stephanie K. Goodwin
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland (ALM, KLP, SKG, KOC, RDO)
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (BJW)
| | - Kellie O. Casavale
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland (ALM, KLP, SKG, KOC, RDO)
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (BJW)
| | - Richard D. Olson
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, Maryland (ALM, KLP, SKG, KOC, RDO)
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (BJW)
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Piercy KL, Dorn JM, Fulton JE, Janz KF, Lee SM, McKinnon RA, Pate RR, Pfeiffer KA, Young DR, Troiano RP, Lavizzo-Mourey R. Opportunities for public health to increase physical activity among youths. Am J Public Health 2015; 105:421-6. [PMID: 25602864 PMCID: PMC4330821 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Despite the well-known benefits of youths engaging in 60 or more minutes of daily physical activity, physical inactivity remains a significant public health concern. The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAG) provides recommendations on the amount of physical activity needed for overall health; the PAG Midcourse Report (2013) describes effective strategies to help youths meet these recommendations. Public health professionals can be dynamic change agents where youths live, learn, and play by changing environments and policies to empower youths to develop regular physical activity habits to maintain throughout life. We have summarized key findings from the PAG Midcourse Report and outlined actions that public health professionals can take to ensure that all youths regularly engage in health-enhancing physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Piercy
- Katrina L. Piercy is with the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD. Joan M. Dorn, Janet E. Fulton, and Sarah M. Lee are with the US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Kathleen F. Janz is with the Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City. Robin A. McKinnon and Richard P. Troiano are with the US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. Russell R. Pate is with the Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Karin A. Pfeiffer is with the Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing. Deborah Rohm Young is with the Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA. Risa Lavizzo-Mourey is with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ
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Creamer KW, Piercy KL, Nickols-Richardson SM, Ramp WK, Herbert WG. Influence Of Activity On The Leg Bones In Women, As Assessed By pQCT vs. DXA. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000493288.61416.2a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Piercy KL, Mosher AL, Wan K, Schneider J, Romero EW. The Role of State Health Agencies in Integrating the Physical Activity Guidelines Recommendations. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000494334.20609.5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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