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Petkus AJ, Wang X, Younan D, Salminen LE, Resnick SM, Rapp SR, Espeland MA, Gatz M, Widaman KF, Casanova R, Chui H, Barnard RT, Gaussoin SA, Goveas JS, Hayden KM, Henderson VW, Sachs BC, Saldana S, Shadyab AH, Shumaker SA, Chen JC. 20-year depressive symptoms, dementia, and structural neuropathology in older women. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38591250 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The course of depressive symptoms and dementia risk is unclear, as are potential structural neuropathological common causes. METHODS Utilizing joint latent class mixture models, we identified longitudinal trajectories of annually assessed depressive symptoms and dementia risk over 21 years in 957 older women (baseline age 72.7 years old) from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study. In a subsample of 569 women who underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging, we examined whether estimates of cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related neurodegeneration were associated with identified trajectories. RESULTS Five trajectories of depressive symptoms and dementia risk were identified. Compared to women with minimal symptoms, women who reported mild and stable and emerging depressive symptoms were at the highest risk of developing dementia and had more cerebrovascular disease and AD-related neurodegeneration. DISCUSSION There are heterogeneous profiles of depressive symptoms and dementia risk. Common neuropathological factors may contribute to both depression and dementia. Highlights The progression of depressive symptoms and concurrent dementia risk is heterogeneous. Emerging depressive symptoms may be a prodromal symptom of dementia. Cerebrovascular disease and AD are potentially shared neuropathological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Petkus
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diana Younan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lauren E Salminen
- Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen R Rapp
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Helena Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ryan T Barnard
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah A Gaussoin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph S Goveas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kathleen M Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Departments of Epidemiology and Population Health and of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Bonnie C Sachs
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Santiago Saldana
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sally A Shumaker
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Gavett BE, Widaman KF, McKenzie C, De Leon FS, Fletcher E, Tomaszewski Farias S, Mungas D. Self-reported mid- to late-life physical and recreational activities: Associations with late-life cognition. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:209-219. [PMID: 37721128 PMCID: PMC10922209 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical and recreational activities are behaviors that may modify risk of late-life cognitive decline. We sought to examine the role of retrospectively self-reported midlife (age 40) physical and recreational activity engagement - and self-reported change in these activities from age 40 to initial study visit - in predicting late-life cognition. METHOD Data were obtained from 898 participants in a longitudinal study of cognitive aging in demographically and cognitively diverse older adults (Age: range = 49-93 years, M = 75, SD = 7.19). Self-reported physical and recreational activity participation at age 40 and at the initial study visit were quantified using the Life Experiences Assessment Form. Change in activities was modeled using latent change scores. Cognitive outcomes were obtained annually (range = 2-17 years) using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales, which measure verbal episodic memory, semantic memory, visuospatial processing, and executive functioning. RESULTS Physical activity engagement at age 40 was strongly associated with cognitive performance in all four domains at the initial visit and with global cognitive slope. However, change in physical activities after age 40 was not associated with cognitive outcomes. In contrast, recreational activity engagement - both at age 40 and change after 40 - was predictive of cognitive intercepts and slope. CONCLUSIONS Retrospectively self-reported midlife physical and recreational activity engagement were strongly associated with late-life cognition - both level of performance and rate of future decline. However, the data suggest that maintenance of recreational activity engagement (e.g., writing, taking classes, reading) after age 40 is more strongly associated with late-life cognition than continued maintenance of physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Gavett
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Cathryn McKenzie
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Fransia S De Leon
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Dan Mungas
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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3
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Reise SP, Wong E, Block J, Widaman KF, Gullett JM, Bauer RM, Drane DL, Loring DW, Umfleet LG, Wahlstrom D, Enriquez K, Whelan F, Shih S, Bilder RM. Computerized adaptive test strategies for the matrix reasoning subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th Edition (WAIS-IV). J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:152-161. [PMID: 37476964 PMCID: PMC10878120 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most neuropsychological tests were developed without the benefit of modern psychometric theory. We used item response theory (IRT) methods to determine whether a widely used test - the 26-item Matrix Reasoning subtest of the WAIS-IV - might be used more efficiently if it were administered using computerized adaptive testing (CAT). METHOD Data on the Matrix Reasoning subtest from 2197 participants enrolled in the National Neuropsychology Network (NNN) were analyzed using a two-parameter logistic (2PL) IRT model. Simulated CAT results were generated to examine optimal short forms using fixed-length CATs of 3, 6, and 12 items and scores were compared to the original full subtest score. CAT models further explored how many items were needed to achieve a selected precision of measurement (standard error ≤ .40). RESULTS The fixed-length CATs of 3, 6, and 12 items correlated well with full-length test results (with r = .90, .97 and .99, respectively). To achieve a standard error of .40 (approximate reliability = .84) only 3-7 items had to be administered for a large percentage of individuals. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept investigation suggests that the widely used Matrix Reasoning subtest of the WAIS-IV might be shortened by more than 70% in most examinees while maintaining acceptable measurement precision. If similar savings could be realized in other tests, the accessibility of neuropsychological assessment might be markedly enhanced, and more efficient time use could lead to broader subdomain assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P. Reise
- Department of Psychology, College of Letters & Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily Wong
- Department of Psychology, College of Letters & Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jared Block
- Department of Psychology, College of Letters & Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel L. Drane
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David W. Loring
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Kristen Enriquez
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, and Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fiona Whelan
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, and Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stone Shih
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, and Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert M. Bilder
- Department of Psychology, College of Letters & Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, and Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Widaman KF. A Note on Statistical Hypothesis Testing: Probabilifying Modus Tollens Invalidates Its Force? Not True! Educ Psychol Meas 2023; 83:1160-1172. [PMID: 37974657 PMCID: PMC10638983 DOI: 10.1177/00131644221145132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The import or force of the result of a statistical test has long been portrayed as consistent with deductive reasoning. The simplest form of deductive argument has a first premise with conditional form, such as p→q, which means that "if p is true, then q must be true." Given the first premise, one can either affirm or deny the antecedent clause (p) or affirm or deny the consequent claim (q). This leads to four forms of deductive argument, two of which are valid forms of reasoning and two of which are invalid. The typical conclusion is that only a single form of argument-denying the consequent, also known as modus tollens-is a reasonable analog of decisions based on statistical hypothesis testing. Now, statistical evidence is never certain, but is associated with a probability (i.e., a p-level). Some have argued that modus tollens, when probabilified, loses its force and leads to ridiculous, nonsensical conclusions. Their argument is based on specious problem setup. This note is intended to correct this error and restore the position of modus tollens as a valid form of deductive inference in statistical matters, even when it is probabilified.
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Abstract
Indices of cumulative risk (CR) have long been used in developmental research to encode the number of risk factors a child or adolescent experiences that may impede optimal developmental outcomes. Initial contributions concentrated on indices of cumulative environmental risk; more recently, indices of cumulative genetic risk have been employed. In this article, regression analytic methods are proposed for interrogating strongly the validity of risk indices by testing optimality of compositing weights, enabling more informative modeling of effects of CR indices. Reanalyses of data from two studies are reported. One study involved 10 environmental risk factors predicting Verbal IQ in 215 four-year-old children. The second study included an index of genetic CR in a G×E interaction investigation of 281 target participants assessed at age 15 years and then again at age 31 years for observed hostility during videotaped interactions with close family relations. Principles to guide evaluation of results of statistical modeling are presented, and implications of results for research and theory are discussed. The ultimate goals of this paper are to develop stronger tests of conjectures involving CR indices and to promote methods for improving replicability of results across studies.
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Balboni G, Widaman KF, Esposito G. Enhancing research practice in developmental disabilities. Res Dev Disabil 2023; 137:104499. [PMID: 37023636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2023.104499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Balboni
- Department of Philosophy, Social and Human Sciences, and Education, University of Perugia, Italy.
| | - Keith F Widaman
- School of Education, University of California at Riverside, USA
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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7
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Bilder RM, Widaman KF, Bauer RM, Drane D, Loring DW, Umfleet LG, Reise SP, Vannier LC, Wahlstrom D, Fossum JL, Wong E, Enriquez K, Whelan F, Shih S. Construct identification in the neuropsychological battery: What are we measuring? Neuropsychology 2023; 37:351-372. [PMID: 35737535 PMCID: PMC9945479 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major obstacles to data harmonization in neuropsychology include lack of consensus about what constructs and tests are most important and invariant across healthy and clinical populations. This study addressed these challenges using data from the National Neuropsychology Network (NNN). METHOD Data were obtained from 5,000 NNN participants and Pearson standardization samples. Analyses included variables from four instruments: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th Edition (WAIS-IV); Wechsler Memory Scale, 4th Edition (WMS-IV); California Verbal Learning Test, 3rd Edition (CVLT3); and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). We used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate models suggested by prior work and examined fit statistics and measurement invariance across samples. We examined relations of factor scores to demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS For each instrument, we identified four first-order and one second-order factor. Optimal models in patients generally paralleled the best-fitting models in the standardization samples, including task-specific factors. Analysis of the NNN data prompted specification of a Recognition-Familiarity factor on the WMS-IV and an Inhibition-Switching factor on the D-KEFS. Analyses showed strong to strict factorial invariance across samples with expected differences in factor means and variances. The Recognition-Familiarity factor correlated with age more strongly in NNN than in the standardization sample. CONCLUSIONS Factor models derived from healthy groups generally fit well in patients. NNN data helped identify novel Recognition-Familiarity and Inhibition-Switching factors that were also invariant across samples and may be clinically useful. The findings support efforts to identify evidence-based and optimally efficient measurements of neuropsychological constructs that are valid across groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Bilder
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, and Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior
- Department of Psychology, College of Letters & Science, UCLA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven P. Reise
- Department of Psychology, College of Letters & Science, UCLA
| | | | | | | | - Emily Wong
- Department of Psychology, College of Letters & Science, UCLA
| | - Kristen Enriquez
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, and Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior
| | - Fiona Whelan
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, and Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior
| | - Stone Shih
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, and Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior
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8
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Shields RH, Kaat A, Sansone SM, Michalak C, Coleman J, Thompson T, McKenzie FJ, Dakopolos A, Riley K, Berry-Kravis E, Widaman KF, Gershon RC, Hessl D. Sensitivity of the NIH Toolbox to Detect Cognitive Change in Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disability. Neurology 2023; 100:e778-e789. [PMID: 36460468 PMCID: PMC9984222 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) experience protracted cognitive development compared with typical youth. Sensitive measurement of cognitive change in this population is a critical need for clinical trials and other intervention studies, but well-validated outcome measures are scarce. This study's aim was to evaluate the sensitivity of the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) to detect developmental changes in groups with ID-fragile X syndrome (FXS), Down syndrome (DS), and other ID (OID)-and to provide further support for its use as an outcome measure for treatment trials. METHODS We administered the NIHTB-CB and a reference standard cross-validation measure (Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition [SB5]) to 256 individuals with FXS, DS, and OID (ages 6-27 years). After 2 years of development, we retested 197 individuals. Group developmental changes in each cognitive domain of the NIHTB-CB and SB5 were assessed using latent change score models, and 2-year growth was evaluated at 3 age points (10, 16, and 22 years). RESULTS Overall, effect sizes of growth measured by the NIHTB-CB tests were comparable with or exceeded those of the SB5. The NIHTB-CB showed significant gains in almost all domains in OID at younger ages (10 years), with continued gains at 16 years and stability in early adulthood (22 years). The FXS group showed delayed gains in attention and inhibitory control compared with OID. The DS group had delayed gains in receptive vocabulary compared with OID. Unlike the other groups, DS had significant growth in early adulthood in 2 domains (working memory and attention/inhibitory control). Notably, each group's pattern of NIHTB-CB growth across development corresponded to their respective pattern of SB5 growth. DISCUSSION The NIHTB-CB is sensitive to developmental changes in individuals with ID. Comparison with levels and timing of growth on the cross-validation measure shows that the NIHTB-CB has potential to identify meaningful trajectories across cognitive domains and ID etiologies. Sensitivity to change within the context of treatment studies and delineation of clinically meaningful changes in NIHTB-CB scores, linked to daily functioning, must be established in future research to evaluate the battery more completely as a key outcome measure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Hessl
- From the MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (R.H.S., S.M.S., F.J.M., A.D., D.H.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine (A.K., R.C.G.), Chicago, IL; Rush University Medical Center Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.), Neurological Sciences and Biochemistry, Chicago, IL; University of Denver Morgridge College of Education (J.C.), Denver, CO; University of Colorado School of Medicine (T.T.), Aurora; Regis University (K.R.), Denver, CO; and University of California Riverside Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), Riverside.
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9
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Abstract
Measurement is fundamental to all research in psychology and should be accorded greater scrutiny than typically occurs. Among other claims, McNeish and Wolf (Thinking twice about sum scores. Behavior Research Methods, 52, 2287-2305) argued that use of sum scores (a) implies that a highly constrained latent variable model underlies items comprising a scale, and (b) may misrepresent or bias relations with other criteria. The central claim by McNeish and Wolf that use of sum scores requires the assumption that a parallel test model underlies item responses is incorrect and without psychometric merit. Instead, if a set of items is unidimensional, estimators of reliability are available even if the factor model underlying the set of items does not have a highly constrained form. Thus, dimensionality of a set of items is the key issue, and whether strict constraints on parameter estimates do or do not hold dictate the appropriate way to estimate reliability. McNeish and Wolf also claimed that more precise forms of scoring, such as estimating factor scores, would be preferable to sum scores. We provide analytic bases for reliability estimation and then provide several demonstrations of reliability estimation and the relative advantages of sum scores and factor scores. We contend that several claims by McNeish and Wolf are questionable and that, as a result, multiple recommendations they made and conclusions they drew are incorrect. The upshot is that, once the dimensional structure of a set of items is verified, sum scores often have a solid psychometric basis and therefore are frequently quite adequate for psychological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith F Widaman
- School of Education, University of California, 900 University Drive, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - William Revelle
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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10
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Contreras AG, Walters S, Mukherjee S, Lee ML, Choi S, Scollard P, Trittschuh EH, Mez JB, Bush WS, Engelman CD, Lu Q, Fardo DW, Widaman KF, Buckley RF, Mormino EC, Kunkle BW, Naj AC, Clark LR, Gifford KA, Cuccaro ML, Cruchaga C, Pericak‐Vance MA, Farrer LA, Wang L, Schellenberg GD, Haines JL, Jefferson AL, Johnson SC, Kukull WA, Albert MS, Keene CD, Saykin AJ, Larson EB, Sperling RA, Mayeux R, Thompson PM, Martin ER, Bennett DA, Barnes LL, Schneider JA, Crane PK, Hohman TJ, Dumitrescu L. Sex differences in
APOE
effects on cognition are domain‐specific. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.068262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Contreras
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville IN USA
| | - Skylar Walters
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jesse B. Mez
- Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - William S. Bush
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - David W. Fardo
- University of Kentucky / Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging Lexington KY USA
| | | | - Rachel F. Buckley
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | | | - Brian W. Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Adam C. Naj
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology/Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Lindsay R. Clark
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin‐Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | | | | | - Margaret A. Pericak‐Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami FL USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics Boston MA USA
| | - Li‐San Wang
- University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Path & Lab Med, Stellar Chance Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology Cleveland OH USA
| | - Angela L. Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Sterling C. Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Madison WI USA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison WI USA
| | - Walter A. Kukull
- University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolDepartment of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | | | - Paul M Thompson
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Eden R. Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami FL USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Paul K. Crane
- University of Washington Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA USA
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
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11
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Eissman JM, Smith AN, Mukherjee S, Lee ML, Choi S, Scollard P, Trittschuh EH, Mez JB, Bush WS, Engelman CD, Lu Q, Fardo DW, Widaman KF, Buckley RF, Mormino EC, Kunkle BW, Naj AC, Clark LR, Gifford KA, Cuccaro ML, Cruchaga C, Pericak‐Vance MA, Farrer LA, Wang L, Schellenberg GD, Haines JL, Jefferson AL, Johnson SC, Kukull WA, Albert MS, Keene CD, Saykin AJ, Larson EB, Sperling RA, Mayeux R, Thompson PM, Martin ER, Bennett DA, Barnes LL, Schneider JA, Crane PK, Hohman TJ, Dumitrescu L. Sex‐specific genetic predictors of memory, executive function, and language performance. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.067842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M. Eissman
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Alexandra N. Smith
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jesse B. Mez
- Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - William S. Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | | | - Qiongshi Lu
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - David W. Fardo
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
| | | | - Rachel F. Buckley
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
- Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | | | - Brian W. Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Adam C. Naj
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Lindsay R. Clark
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Katherine A. Gifford
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami FL USA
| | | | - Margaret A. Pericak‐Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami FL USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
- Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA
| | - Li‐San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Angela L. Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | | | | | - Marilyn S. Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | | | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute Seattle WA USA
| | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Columbia University New York NY USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University New York NY USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and The New York Presbyterian Hospital New York NY USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami FL USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | | | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
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12
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Fletcher EM, Gavett BE, Farias S, DeCarli CS, Widaman KF, De Leon FS, Mungas DM. Toward a statistical foundation for brain signatures of behavioral outcome. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.064282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon E Gavett
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Sarah Farias
- University of California, Davis School of Medicine Sacramento CA USA
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13
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Phillips J, Dumitrescu L, Archer DB, Smith AN, Mukherjee S, Lee ML, Choi S, Scollard P, Trittschuh EH, Mez JB, Mahoney ER, Bush WS, Engelman CD, Lu Q, Fardo DW, Widaman KF, Buckley RF, Mormino EC, Harrison TM, Sanders E, Clark LR, Gifford KA, Vardarajan BN, Cuccaro ML, Pericak‐Vance MA, Farrer LA, Wang L, Schellenberg GD, Haines JL, Jefferson AL, Johnson SC, Kukull WA, Albert MS, Keene CD, Saykin AJ, Larson EB, Sperling RA, Mayeux R, Goate A, Neuner S, Renton AE, Marcora E, Fulton‐Howard B, Patel T, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Crane PK, Hohman TJ. Longitudinal GWAS Identifies Novel Genetic Variants and Complex Traits Associated with Resilience to Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.067816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Phillips
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Derek B Archer
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Alexandra N. Smith
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily H. Trittschuh
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle WA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle WA USA
| | - Jesse B. Mez
- Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - Emily R. Mahoney
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - William S. Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - David W. Fardo
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
| | | | - Rachel F. Buckley
- Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Stanford CA USA
| | | | | | - Lindsay R. Clark
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Katherine A. Gifford
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Badri N. Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York Presbyterian Hospital New York NY USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University New York NY USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and The New York Presbyterian Hospital New York NY USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University New York NY USA
| | - Michael L. Cuccaro
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Miami FL USA
| | - Margaret A. Pericak‐Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine Boston MA USA
| | - Li‐San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Gerard D. Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Jonathan L. Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Angela L. Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | | | | | - Marilyn S. Albert
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, John’s Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Services, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute Seattle WA USA
| | - Reisa A. Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University New York NY USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and The New York Presbyterian Hospital New York NY USA
- Columbia University, Departments of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Epidemiology, Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons New York NY USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Sarah Neuner
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Alan E. Renton
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Edoardo Marcora
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Brian Fulton‐Howard
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - Tulsi Patel
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | | | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
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14
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Eissman JM, Dumitrescu L, Mahoney ER, Smith AN, Mukherjee S, Lee ML, Scollard P, Choi SE, Bush WS, Engelman CD, Lu Q, Fardo DW, Trittschuh EH, Mez J, Kaczorowski CC, Hernandez Saucedo H, Widaman KF, Buckley RF, Properzi MJ, Mormino EC, Yang HS, Harrison TM, Hedden T, Nho K, Andrews SJ, Tommet D, Hadad N, Sanders RE, Ruderfer DM, Gifford KA, Zhong X, Raghavan NS, Vardarajan BN, Pericak-Vance MA, Farrer LA, Wang LS, Cruchaga C, Schellenberg GD, Cox NJ, Haines JL, Keene CD, Saykin AJ, Larson EB, Sperling RA, Mayeux R, Cuccaro ML, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Crane PK, Jefferson AL, Hohman TJ. Sex differences in the genetic architecture of cognitive resilience to Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2022; 145:2541-2554. [PMID: 35552371 PMCID: PMC9337804 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of elderly adults are cognitively unimpaired at time of death despite the presence of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology at autopsy. Studying individuals who are resilient to the cognitive consequences of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology may uncover novel therapeutic targets to treat Alzheimer's disease. It is well established that there are sex differences in response to Alzheimer's disease pathology, and growing evidence suggests that genetic factors may contribute to these differences. Taken together, we sought to elucidate sex-specific genetic drivers of resilience. We extended our recent large scale genomic analysis of resilience in which we harmonized cognitive data across four cohorts of cognitive ageing, in vivo amyloid PET across two cohorts, and autopsy measures of amyloid neuritic plaque burden across two cohorts. These data were leveraged to build robust, continuous resilience phenotypes. With these phenotypes, we performed sex-stratified [n (males) = 2093, n (females) = 2931] and sex-interaction [n (both sexes) = 5024] genome-wide association studies (GWAS), gene and pathway-based tests, and genetic correlation analyses to clarify the variants, genes and molecular pathways that relate to resilience in a sex-specific manner. Estimated among cognitively normal individuals of both sexes, resilience was 20-25% heritable, and when estimated in either sex among cognitively normal individuals, resilience was 15-44% heritable. In our GWAS, we identified a female-specific locus on chromosome 10 [rs827389, β (females) = 0.08, P (females) = 5.76 × 10-09, β (males) = -0.01, P(males) = 0.70, β (interaction) = 0.09, P (interaction) = 1.01 × 10-04] in which the minor allele was associated with higher resilience scores among females. This locus is located within chromatin loops that interact with promoters of genes involved in RNA processing, including GATA3. Finally, our genetic correlation analyses revealed shared genetic architecture between resilience phenotypes and other complex traits, including a female-specific association with frontotemporal dementia and male-specific associations with heart rate variability traits. We also observed opposing associations between sexes for multiple sclerosis, such that more resilient females had a lower genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis, and more resilient males had a higher genetic susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Overall, we identified sex differences in the genetic architecture of resilience, identified a female-specific resilience locus and highlighted numerous sex-specific molecular pathways that may underly resilience to Alzheimer's disease pathology. This study illustrates the need to conduct sex-aware genomic analyses to identify novel targets that are unidentified in sex-agnostic models. Our findings support the theory that the most successful treatment for an individual with Alzheimer's disease may be personalized based on their biological sex and genetic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Eissman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily R Mahoney
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexandra N Smith
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Michael L Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Phoebe Scollard
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seo Eun Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and
Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public
Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison,
WI, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of
Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky,
Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emily H Trittschuh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, GRECC, Seattle,
WA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hector Hernandez Saucedo
- UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology,
University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento,
CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel F Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J Properzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyun Sik Yang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer's Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Theresa M Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California
Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trey Hedden
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
City, NY, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana Alzheimer Disease
Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,
IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University
School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shea J Andrews
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York
City, NY, USA
| | - Douglas Tommet
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of
Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhong
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of
Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Neha S Raghavan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New
York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain,
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and
The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New
York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain,
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and
The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY,
USA
| | | | | | | | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami School of
Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of
Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of
Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and
Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical
School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New
York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and The Aging Brain,
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and
The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami School of
Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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15
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Gonzalves L, Chae Y, Wang Y, Widaman KF, Bederian‐Gardner D, Goodman‐Wilson M, Thompson RA, Shaver PR, Goodman GS. Children’s Memory and Suggestibility Years Later: Age, Distress, and Attachment. Applied Cognitive Psychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Block SD, Johnson HM, Williams LM, Shockley KL, Wang E, Widaman KF. Predictors of Prosecutorial Decisions in Reports of Child Sexual Abuse. Child Maltreat 2022:10775595221074375. [PMID: 35081788 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221074375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A retrospective examination of 500 child sexual abuse reports to prosecutor's offices analyzed case progress and predictors of attrition, including details about alleged perpetrator(s), victim(s), their families, and other case characteristics. Less than one in five cases proceeded to prosecution. For the full sample, we describe all outcomes and differentiate prosecutors' decisions to (a) intake/close, (b) investigate/close, or (c) prosecute; these stages comprise a 3-level dependent variable. Because it is important to understand which variables are associated with progress to each stage, we examined unique predictors of the decision to "investigate," and to "prosecute." Our multivariate analyses examine 325 cases with a perpetrator aged 16 and older. Caregiver support and perpetrator age were significant predictors across all outcome variables, while other factors were barriers to the "prosecute" decision only. Results highlight the complexities of case characteristics that are important at different stages of prosecutorial decision-making and inform future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie D Block
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Hannah M Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Linda M Williams
- Wellesley Centers for Women, 8456Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Kristy L Shockley
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Eric Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Keith F Widaman
- School of Education, 8790University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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17
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Chae Y, Goodman GS, Wang Y, Goodman M, McWilliams K, Shaver PR, Thompson RA, Widaman KF. Parents' attachment orientation, interviewers' support, and children's memory for a mildly distressing event. Memory 2021; 29:1384-1395. [PMID: 34694210 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1988644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Parents' attachment orientations predict children's memory about distressing life events, such that parents who are less secure in close relationships tend to have children who are less accurate in their memory reports. This study examined whether socially supportive interviewing would reduce differences in children's memory performance associated with parents' attachment. Children (3 to 5 years, N = 63) and their primary caretakers took part in the Preschool Attachment Classification System (PACS), a moderately distressing event for children of preschool age that is based on the Strange Situation Procedure. Children's memory for the event was then tested shortly thereafter by either a supportive or a non-supportive interviewer. In the non-supportive condition, children whose parents scored higher on attachment avoidance provided lower proportions of correct free recall. However, the association was not significant for children in the supportive condition. In addition, higher parental attachment anxiety predicted lower proportions of correct free recall for children of highly avoidant parents, but not for children of parents lower in attachment avoidance. For direct questions, age differences in proportion correct and proportion incorrect favoured older children. Findings provide insight into interviewing techniques at time of memory retrieval that benefit children of insecure parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Chae
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Gail S Goodman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Miranda Goodman
- Department of Psychology, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Kelly McWilliams
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phillip R Shaver
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ross A Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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18
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Gavett BE, Fletcher E, Widaman KF, Tomaszewski Farias S, DeCarli C, Mungas D. The latent factor structure underlying regional brain volume change and its relation to cognitive change in older adults. Neuropsychology 2021; 35:643-655. [PMID: 34292026 PMCID: PMC8501944 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Late-life changes in cognition and brain integrity are both highly multivariate, time-dependent processes that are essential for understanding cognitive aging and neurodegenerative disease outcomes. The present study seeks to identify a latent variable model capable of efficiently reducing a multitude of structural brain change magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements into a smaller number of dimensions. We further seek to demonstrate the validity of this model by evaluating its ability to reproduce patterns of coordinated brain volume change and to explain the rate of cognitive decline over time. METHOD We used longitudinal cognitive data and structural MRI scans, obtained from a diverse sample of 358 participants (Mage = 74.81, SD = 7.17), to implement latent variable models for measuring brain change and to estimate the effects of these brain change factors on cognitive decline. RESULTS Results supported a bifactor model for brain change with four group factors (prefrontal, temporolimbic, medial temporal, and posterior association) and one general change factor (global atrophy). Atrophy in the global (β = 0.434, SE = 0.070), temporolimbic (β = 0.275, SE = 0.085), and medial temporal (β = 0.240, SE = 0.085) factors were the strongest predictors of global cognitive decline. Overall, the brain change model explained 59% of the variance in global cognitive slope. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggest that brain change across 27 bilateral regions of interest can be grouped into five change factors, three of which (global gray matter, temporolimbic, and medial temporal lobe atrophy) are strongly associated with cognitive decline. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Gavett
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California at Riverside
| | | | | | - Dan Mungas
- Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis
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19
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Dumitrescu L, Mahoney ER, Mukherjee S, Lee ML, Bush WS, Engelman CD, Lu Q, Fardo DW, Trittschuh EH, Mez J, Kaczorowski CC, Widaman KF, Buckley RF, Properzi MJ, Mormino EC, Yang H, Andrews SJ, Sanders RE, Raghavan NS, Vardarajan BN, Schellenberg GD, Cruchaga C, Haines JL, Keene CD, Saykin AJ, Larson EB, Sperling RA, Mayeux R, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Crane PK, Jefferson AL, Hohman TJ. Sex differences in genetic predictors of resilience to Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.043259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - William S. Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA
| | - Corinne D. Engelman
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA
| | | | | | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center Boston MA USA
| | | | | | - Rachel F. Buckley
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Charlestown MA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric B. Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute Seattle WA USA
| | | | | | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
| | - Julie A. Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL USA
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20
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Petkus AJ, Gruenewald TL, Wang X, Younan D, Espeland MA, Widaman KF, Gatz M, Rapp SR, Shadyab AH, Lockhart SN, Flores M, Kroenke CH, Tindle H, Masaki K, Chen J. The association between low social support and risk of cognitive impairment is partially mediated by neuroanatomic biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.043035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xinhui Wang
- University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Diana Younan
- University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
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21
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Dumitrescu L, Mahoney ER, Mukherjee S, Lee ML, Bush WS, Engelman CD, Lu Q, Fardo DW, Trittschuh EH, Mez J, Kaczorowski C, Hernandez Saucedo H, Widaman KF, Buckley R, Properzi M, Mormino E, Yang HS, Harrison T, Hedden T, Nho K, Andrews SJ, Tommet D, Hadad N, Sanders RE, Ruderfer DM, Gifford KA, Moore AM, Cambronero F, Zhong X, Raghavan NS, Vardarajan B, Pericak-Vance MA, Farrer LA, Wang LS, Cruchaga C, Schellenberg G, Cox NJ, Haines JL, Keene CD, Saykin AJ, Larson EB, Sperling RA, Mayeux R, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Crane PK, Jefferson AL, Hohman TJ. Genetic variants and functional pathways associated with resilience to Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2020; 143:2561-2575. [PMID: 32844198 PMCID: PMC7447518 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30% of older adults exhibit the neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease without signs of cognitive impairment. Yet, little is known about the genetic factors that allow these potentially resilient individuals to remain cognitively unimpaired in the face of substantial neuropathology. We performed a large, genome-wide association study (GWAS) of two previously validated metrics of cognitive resilience quantified using a latent variable modelling approach and representing better-than-predicted cognitive performance for a given level of neuropathology. Data were harmonized across 5108 participants from a clinical trial of Alzheimer's disease and three longitudinal cohort studies of cognitive ageing. All analyses were run across all participants and repeated restricting the sample to individuals with unimpaired cognition to identify variants at the earliest stages of disease. As expected, all resilience metrics were genetically correlated with cognitive performance and education attainment traits (P-values < 2.5 × 10-20), and we observed novel correlations with neuropsychiatric conditions (P-values < 7.9 × 10-4). Notably, neither resilience metric was genetically correlated with clinical Alzheimer's disease (P-values > 0.42) nor associated with APOE (P-values > 0.13). In single variant analyses, we observed a genome-wide significant locus among participants with unimpaired cognition on chromosome 18 upstream of ATP8B1 (index single nucleotide polymorphism rs2571244, minor allele frequency = 0.08, P = 2.3 × 10-8). The top variant at this locus (rs2571244) was significantly associated with methylation in prefrontal cortex tissue at multiple CpG sites, including one just upstream of ATPB81 (cg19596477; P = 2 × 10-13). Overall, this comprehensive genetic analysis of resilience implicates a putative role of vascular risk, metabolism, and mental health in protection from the cognitive consequences of neuropathology, while also providing evidence for a novel resilience gene along the bile acid metabolism pathway. Furthermore, the genetic architecture of resilience appears to be distinct from that of clinical Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that a shift in focus to molecular contributors to resilience may identify novel pathways for therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Emily R Mahoney
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Michael L Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Corinne D Engelman
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emily H Trittschuh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, GRECC, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Deparment of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Hector Hernandez Saucedo
- UC Davis Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Properzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hyun-Sik Yang
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Alzheimer’s Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tessa Harrison
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Trey Hedden
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shea J Andrews
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Doug Tommet
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas M Ruderfer
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Annah M Moore
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Francis Cambronero
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhong
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Neha S Raghavan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Deparment of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gerard Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Cleveland Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and The Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center and The New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer’s Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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22
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Shields RH, Kaat AJ, McKenzie FJ, Drayton A, Sansone SM, Coleman J, Michalak C, Riley K, Berry-Kravis E, Gershon RC, Widaman KF, Hessl D. Validation of the NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery in intellectual disability. Neurology 2020; 94:e1229-e1240. [PMID: 32094241 PMCID: PMC7274932 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To advance the science of cognitive outcome measurement for individuals with intellectual disability (ID), we established administration guidelines and evaluated the psychometric properties of the NIH-Toolbox Cognitive Battery (NIHTB-CB) for use in clinical research. METHODS We assessed feasibility, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity of the NIHTB-CB (measuring executive function, processing speed, memory, and language) by assessing 242 individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS), Down syndrome (DS), and other ID, ages 6 through 25 years, with retesting completed after 1 month. To facilitate accessibility and measurement accuracy, we developed accommodations and standard assessment guidelines, documented in an e-manual. Finally, we assessed the sensitivity of the battery to expected syndrome-specific cognitive phenotypes. RESULTS Above a mental age of 5.0 years, all tests had excellent feasibility. More varied feasibility across tests was seen between mental ages of 3 and 4 years. Reliability and convergent validity ranged from moderate to strong. Each test and the Crystallized and Fluid Composite scores correlated moderately to strongly with IQ, and the Crystallized Composite had modest correlations with adaptive behavior. The NIHTB-CB showed known-groups validity by detecting expected executive function deficits in FXS and a receptive language deficit in DS. CONCLUSION The NIHTB-CB is a reliable and valid test battery for children and young adults with ID with a mental age of ≈5 years and above. Adaptations for very low-functioning or younger children with ID are needed for some subtests to expand the developmental range of the battery. Studies examining sensitivity to developmental and treatment changes are now warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H Shields
- From the University of California Davis Medical Center (R.H.S.); Human Development Graduate Group (R.H.S.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Feinberg School of Medicine (A.J.K., R.C.G.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (F.J.M., A.D., S.M.S., D.H.), University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento; Morgridge College of Education (J.C., K.R.), University of Denver, CO; Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.-K.) Neurological Sciences (E.B.-K.), and Biochemistry (E.B.-K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), University of California, Riverside
| | - Aaron J Kaat
- From the University of California Davis Medical Center (R.H.S.); Human Development Graduate Group (R.H.S.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Feinberg School of Medicine (A.J.K., R.C.G.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (F.J.M., A.D., S.M.S., D.H.), University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento; Morgridge College of Education (J.C., K.R.), University of Denver, CO; Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.-K.) Neurological Sciences (E.B.-K.), and Biochemistry (E.B.-K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), University of California, Riverside
| | - Forrest J McKenzie
- From the University of California Davis Medical Center (R.H.S.); Human Development Graduate Group (R.H.S.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Feinberg School of Medicine (A.J.K., R.C.G.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (F.J.M., A.D., S.M.S., D.H.), University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento; Morgridge College of Education (J.C., K.R.), University of Denver, CO; Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.-K.) Neurological Sciences (E.B.-K.), and Biochemistry (E.B.-K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), University of California, Riverside
| | - Andrea Drayton
- From the University of California Davis Medical Center (R.H.S.); Human Development Graduate Group (R.H.S.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Feinberg School of Medicine (A.J.K., R.C.G.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (F.J.M., A.D., S.M.S., D.H.), University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento; Morgridge College of Education (J.C., K.R.), University of Denver, CO; Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.-K.) Neurological Sciences (E.B.-K.), and Biochemistry (E.B.-K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), University of California, Riverside
| | - Stephanie M Sansone
- From the University of California Davis Medical Center (R.H.S.); Human Development Graduate Group (R.H.S.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Feinberg School of Medicine (A.J.K., R.C.G.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (F.J.M., A.D., S.M.S., D.H.), University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento; Morgridge College of Education (J.C., K.R.), University of Denver, CO; Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.-K.) Neurological Sciences (E.B.-K.), and Biochemistry (E.B.-K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), University of California, Riverside
| | - Jeanine Coleman
- From the University of California Davis Medical Center (R.H.S.); Human Development Graduate Group (R.H.S.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Feinberg School of Medicine (A.J.K., R.C.G.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (F.J.M., A.D., S.M.S., D.H.), University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento; Morgridge College of Education (J.C., K.R.), University of Denver, CO; Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.-K.) Neurological Sciences (E.B.-K.), and Biochemistry (E.B.-K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), University of California, Riverside
| | - Claire Michalak
- From the University of California Davis Medical Center (R.H.S.); Human Development Graduate Group (R.H.S.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Feinberg School of Medicine (A.J.K., R.C.G.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (F.J.M., A.D., S.M.S., D.H.), University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento; Morgridge College of Education (J.C., K.R.), University of Denver, CO; Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.-K.) Neurological Sciences (E.B.-K.), and Biochemistry (E.B.-K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), University of California, Riverside
| | - Karen Riley
- From the University of California Davis Medical Center (R.H.S.); Human Development Graduate Group (R.H.S.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Feinberg School of Medicine (A.J.K., R.C.G.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (F.J.M., A.D., S.M.S., D.H.), University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento; Morgridge College of Education (J.C., K.R.), University of Denver, CO; Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.-K.) Neurological Sciences (E.B.-K.), and Biochemistry (E.B.-K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), University of California, Riverside
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- From the University of California Davis Medical Center (R.H.S.); Human Development Graduate Group (R.H.S.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Feinberg School of Medicine (A.J.K., R.C.G.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (F.J.M., A.D., S.M.S., D.H.), University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento; Morgridge College of Education (J.C., K.R.), University of Denver, CO; Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.-K.) Neurological Sciences (E.B.-K.), and Biochemistry (E.B.-K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), University of California, Riverside
| | - Richard C Gershon
- From the University of California Davis Medical Center (R.H.S.); Human Development Graduate Group (R.H.S.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Feinberg School of Medicine (A.J.K., R.C.G.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (F.J.M., A.D., S.M.S., D.H.), University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento; Morgridge College of Education (J.C., K.R.), University of Denver, CO; Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.-K.) Neurological Sciences (E.B.-K.), and Biochemistry (E.B.-K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), University of California, Riverside
| | - Keith F Widaman
- From the University of California Davis Medical Center (R.H.S.); Human Development Graduate Group (R.H.S.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Feinberg School of Medicine (A.J.K., R.C.G.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (F.J.M., A.D., S.M.S., D.H.), University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento; Morgridge College of Education (J.C., K.R.), University of Denver, CO; Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.-K.) Neurological Sciences (E.B.-K.), and Biochemistry (E.B.-K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), University of California, Riverside
| | - David Hessl
- From the University of California Davis Medical Center (R.H.S.); Human Development Graduate Group (R.H.S.), University of California Davis, Sacramento; Feinberg School of Medicine (A.J.K., R.C.G.), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (F.J.M., A.D., S.M.S., D.H.), University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento; Morgridge College of Education (J.C., K.R.), University of Denver, CO; Departments of Pediatrics (C.M., E.B.-K.) Neurological Sciences (E.B.-K.), and Biochemistry (E.B.-K.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; and Graduate School of Education (K.F.W.), University of California, Riverside.
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23
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Younan D, Petkus AJ, Widaman KF, Wang X, Casanova R, Espeland MA, Gatz M, Henderson VW, Manson JE, Rapp SR, Sachs BC, Serre ML, Gaussoin SA, Barnard R, Saldana S, Vizuete W, Beavers DP, Salinas JA, Chui HC, Resnick SM, Shumaker SA, Chen JC. Particulate matter and episodic memory decline mediated by early neuroanatomic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2020; 143:289-302. [PMID: 31746986 PMCID: PMC6938036 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) may increase the risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Whether PM2.5 alters brain structure and accelerates the preclinical neuropsychological processes remains unknown. Early decline of episodic memory is detectable in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal study to examine whether PM2.5 affects the episodic memory decline, and also explored the potential mediating role of increased neuroanatomic risk of Alzheimer's disease associated with exposure. Participants included older females (n = 998; aged 73-87) enrolled in both the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging and the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, with annual (1999-2010) episodic memory assessment by the California Verbal Learning Test, including measures of immediate free recall/new learning (List A Trials 1-3; List B) and delayed free recall (short- and long-delay), and up to two brain scans (MRI-1: 2005-06; MRI-2: 2009-10). Subjects were assigned Alzheimer's disease pattern similarity scores (a brain-MRI measured neuroanatomical risk for Alzheimer's disease), developed by supervised machine learning and validated with data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Based on residential histories and environmental data on air monitoring and simulated atmospheric chemistry, we used a spatiotemporal model to estimate 3-year average PM2.5 exposure preceding MRI-1. In multilevel structural equation models, PM2.5 was associated with greater declines in immediate recall and new learning, but no association was found with decline in delayed-recall or composite scores. For each interquartile increment (2.81 μg/m3) of PM2.5, the annual decline rate was significantly accelerated by 19.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.9% to 36.2%] for Trials 1-3 and 14.8% (4.4% to 24.9%) for List B performance, adjusting for multiple potential confounders. Long-term PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased Alzheimer's disease pattern similarity scores, which accounted for 22.6% (95% CI: 1% to 68.9%) and 10.7% (95% CI: 1.0% to 30.3%) of the total adverse PM2.5 effects on Trials 1-3 and List B, respectively. The observed associations remained after excluding incident cases of dementia and stroke during the follow-up, or further adjusting for small-vessel ischaemic disease volumes. Our findings illustrate the continuum of PM2.5 neurotoxicity that contributes to early decline of immediate free recall/new learning at the preclinical stage, which is mediated by progressive atrophy of grey matter indicative of increased Alzheimer's disease risk, independent of cerebrovascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Younan
- University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Correspondence to: Diana Younan University of Southern California 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA E-mail:
| | - Andrew J Petkus
- University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keith F Widaman
- University of California at Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - JoAnn E Manson
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen R Rapp
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Bonnie C Sachs
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marc L Serre
- University of North Carolina, 250 E Franklin S, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah A Gaussoin
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ryan Barnard
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Santiago Saldana
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - William Vizuete
- University of North Carolina, 250 E Franklin S, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel P Beavers
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joel A Salinas
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sally A Shumaker
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, One Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- University of Southern California, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Correspondence may also be addressed to: Jiu-Chiuan Chen E-mail:
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Bettcher BM, Gross AL, Gavett BE, Widaman KF, Fletcher E, Dowling NM, Buckley RF, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Zahodne LB, Hohman TJ, Vonk JMJ, Rentz DM, Mungas D. Dynamic change of cognitive reserve: associations with changes in brain, cognition, and diagnosis. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 83:95-104. [PMID: 31585371 PMCID: PMC6977973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive reserve is inherently a dynamic construct; however, traditional methods of estimating reserve have focused on static proxy variables. A recently proposed psychometric approach entails modeling reserve as residual cognition not explained by demographic and brain variables. In this study, we extended this approach to longitudinal measurement and examined how change in reserve relates to clinical outcomes in late life and influences the effect of brain atrophy on cognitive decline. Results indicated that cognitive reserve changes were associated with progression of clinical diagnosis. More rapid depletion of cognitive reserve was associated with faster decline in nonmemory cognitive functions, even after accounting for longitudinal brain atrophy. The effect of longitudinal brain atrophy on cognitive decline differed based on the extent to which an individual's reserve changed. Whereas depletion of reserve appeared to unmask the effects of brain atrophy on cognitive decline, maintenance of reserve buffered against the negative effects of brain atrophy. Study results highlight that changes in reserve may have important implications for individual differences in cognitive aging trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne M Bettcher
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Behavioral Neurology Section, Rocky Mountain Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Alden L Gross
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon E Gavett
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - N Maritza Dowling
- Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington School of Nursing and Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rachel F Buckley
- Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Laura B Zahodne
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jet M J Vonk
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dorene M Rentz
- Departments of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan Mungas
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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25
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Tyrell FA, Yates TM, Widaman KF, Reynolds CA, Fabricius WV. Data Harmonization: Establishing Measurement Invariance across Different Assessments of the Same Construct across Adolescence. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2019; 48:555-567. [PMID: 31184494 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1622124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal measurement invariance is a major concern for developmental scholars who seek to evaluate the same underlying construct across time. Unfortunately, discontinuities in the expression of various psychological constructs, as well as essential changes in measurement that are necessitated by shifting developmental capacities and practice effects over time, make the task of establishing longitudinal invariance extremely difficult. Drawing on 5 waves of longitudinal data from 392 families (52% female; Mage_W1 = 12.89, SD = .48; Mage_W5 = 21.95, SD = .77; 199 European American and 193 Mexican American families), the current investigation sought to establish measurement invariance across developmentally appropriate changes in measures of depressive symptomatology from early adolescence through early adulthood. Using a combination of item parceling and the common and unique items from 2 assessment instruments for depressive symptoms, the data supported strong factorial invariance in youth's depressive symptoms across 5 waves of measurement. Findings suggest that traditional invariance approaches can be adapted to determine whether the same construct underlies different measurement instruments across time. This analytic strategy can allow researchers and clinicians to use more sophisticated techniques to understand changes in symptomatology regardless of changes in measurement or developmental capacity. Applying this approach to model patterns of depressive symptomatology from early adolescence to early adulthood has important clinical implications for elucidating periods when youth experience elevations in depressive symptoms and heightened needs for intervention services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanita A Tyrell
- a Institute of Child Development , University of Minnesota Twin Cities
| | - Tuppett M Yates
- b Department of Psychology , University of California Riverside
| | - Keith F Widaman
- c Graduate School of Education , University of California Riverside
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26
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Petkus AJ, Resnick SM, Rapp SR, Espeland MA, Gatz M, Widaman KF, Wang X, Younan D, Casanova R, Chui H, Barnard RT, Gaussoin S, Goveas JS, Hayden KM, Henderson VW, Sachs BC, Saldana S, Shadyab AH, Shumaker SA, Chen JC. General and domain-specific cognitive reserve, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia risk in older women. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2019; 5:118-128. [PMID: 31011622 PMCID: PMC6461572 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In a geographically diverse sample of women, we asked whether cognitive reserve (CR) is best viewed as a general or cognitive domain-specific construct and whether some cognitive reserve domains but not others exert protective effects on risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. METHODS Estimates of general and domain-specific CR were derived via variance decomposition in 972 cognitively intact women from the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging and Women's Health Memory Study Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Women were then followed up for 13 years. RESULTS General CR was the strongest predictor of reduced risk for both MCI and dementia, compared to domain-specific CR measures. Verbal memory, figural memory, and spatial CR were independently protective of MCI, but only verbal memory was independently associated with reduced risk for dementia. DISCUSSION Cognitive reserve is a heterogenous construct with valid quantitative measures identifiable across different neuropsychological processes associated with MCI and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Petkus
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- National Institute on Aging, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen R. Rapp
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark A. Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Keith F. Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diana Younan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramon Casanova
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Helena Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan T. Barnard
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Gaussoin
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Joseph S. Goveas
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Tosa Health Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Hayden
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Victor W. Henderson
- Department of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, 259 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bonnie C. Sachs
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Santiago Saldana
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sally A. Shumaker
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kahle S, Utendale WT, Widaman KF, Hastings PD. Parasympathetic Regulation and Inhibitory Control Predict the Development of Externalizing Problems in Early Childhood. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2019; 46:237-249. [PMID: 28493111 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The current report examined the longitudinal relations between cognitive self-regulation, physiological self-regulation, and externalizing problems. At age 4 (n = 98; 49 girls) and 6 (n = 87; 42 girls), children completed the Day-Night task, which taps the inhibitory control dimension of executive function. During the task, cardiac activity was measured and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was derived as an index of parasympathetic activity. Mothers reported on externalizing problems. A cross-lagged path model was used to estimate longitudinal predictions while controlling for stability in all constructs over time. Earlier inhibitory control negatively predicted later externalizing problems, but not vice versa. However, RSA reactivity moderated this link; better inhibitory control predicted fewer externalizing problems only when reactivity to the Day-Night task ranged from mild RSA suppression to RSA augmentation. Externalizing problems at 6 years were highest among preschoolers who augmented RSA but showed poor inhibitory control performance, suggesting that risk for psychopathology may be better delineated by viewing self-regulation from an integrated, multi-system perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kahle
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Paul D Hastings
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Power MC, Mormino BC, Soldan A, James BD, Yu L, Armstrong N, Bangen KJ, Delano-Wood L, Lamar M, Lim Y, Nudelman KN, Zahodne LB, Gross AL, Mungas D, Widaman KF, Schneider JA. P3‐457: COMBINED NEUROPATHOLOGICAL PATHWAYS ACCOUNT FOR AGE‐RELATED INCREASES IN RISK OF DEMENTIA. Alzheimers Dement 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anja Soldan
- Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Bryan D. James
- Rush UniversityChicagoILUSA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA
| | | | | | | | - Melissa Lamar
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoILUSA
| | - Yen Lim
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthMelbourneAustralia
| | | | | | - Alden L. Gross
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Dan Mungas
- University of California, DavisSacramentoCAUSA
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29
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Power MC, Mormino E, Soldan A, James BD, Yu L, Armstrong NM, Bangen KJ, Delano-Wood L, Lamar M, Lim YY, Nudelman K, Zahodne L, Gross AL, Mungas D, Widaman KF, Schneider J. Combined neuropathological pathways account for age-related risk of dementia. Ann Neurol 2018; 84:10-22. [PMID: 29944741 PMCID: PMC6119518 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objectives were to characterize the inter-relation of known dementia-related neuropathologies in one comprehensive model and quantify the extent to which accumulation of neuropathologies accounts for the association between age and dementia. METHODS We used data from 1,362 autopsied participants of three community-based clinicopathological cohorts: the Religious Orders Study, the Rush Memory and Aging Project, and the Minority Aging Research Study. We estimated a series of structural equation models summarizing a priori hypothesized neuropathological pathways between age and dementia risk individually and collectively. RESULTS At time of death (mean age, 89 years), 44% of our sample had a clinical dementia diagnosis. When considered individually, our vascular, amyloid/tau, neocortical Lewy body, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)/hippocampal sclerosis pathology pathways each accounted for a substantial proportion of the association between age and dementia. When considered collectively, the four pathways fully accounted for all variance in dementia risk previously attributable to age. Pathways involving amyloid/tau, neocortical Lewy bodies, and TDP-43/hippocampal sclerosis were interdependent, attributable to the importance of amyloid beta plaques in all three. The importance of the pathways varied, with the vascular pathway accounting for 32% of the association between age and dementia, wheraes the remaining three inter-related degenerative pathways together accounted for 68% (amyloid/tau, 24%; the Lewy body, 1%; and TDP-43/hippocampal sclerosis, 43%). INTERPRETATION Age-related increases in dementia risk can be attributed to accumulation of multiple pathologies, each of which contributes to dementia risk. Multipronged approaches may be necessary if we are to develop effective therapies. Ann Neurol 2018;84:10-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda C Power
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anja Soldan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bryan D James
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, IL
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, IL
| | - Nicole M Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Katherine J Bangen
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Yen Ying Lim
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly Nudelman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Laura Zahodne
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alden L Gross
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.,Johns Hopkins Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dan Mungas
- Department of Neurology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA
| | - Julie Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University, Chicago, IL.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, IL.,Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Abstract
How Latino youth cope with stressors may have implications for their adjustment. We examined how a temperamental characteristic (effortful control) and a contextual factor (economic hardship) were associated with Latino youth's coping. Individual differences in effortful control, a core facet of self-regulation, may contribute to coping as effortful control is consistently linked to adaptive behaviors during adolescence. We examined relations of effortful control and economic hardship to active coping in a sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674) across three time points (fifth to ninth grades). Although economic hardship negatively predicted coping and effortful control, effortful control positively predicted coping (controlling for prior levels). Findings support a resilience perspective by suggesting that effortful control may contribute to coping and thus counteract the negative effects of economic hardship.
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Gómez-Benito J, Balluerka N, González A, Widaman KF, Padilla JL. Detecting differential item functioning in behavioral indicators across parallel forms. Psicothema 2017; 29:91-95. [PMID: 28126065 DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2015.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the crucial importance of the notion of parallel forms within Classical Test Theory, the degree of parallelism between two forms of a test cannot be directly verified due to the unobservable nature of true scores. We intend to overcome some of the limitations of traditional approaches to analyzing parallelism by using the Differential Item Functioning framework. METHOD We change the focus on comparison from total test scores to each of the items developed during test construction. We analyze the performance of a single group of individuals on parallel items designed to measure the same behavioral criterion by several DIF techniques. The proposed approach is illustrated with a dataset of 527 participants that responded to the two parallel forms of the Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (Caterino, Gómez-Benito, Balluerka, Amador-Campos, & Stock, 2009). RESULTS 12 of the 18 items (66.6%) show probability values associated with the Mantel χ 2 statistic of less than .01. The standardization procedure shows that half of DIF items favoured Form A and the other half Form B. CONCLUSIONS The “differential functioning of behavioral indicators” (DFBI) can provide unique information on parallelism between pairs of items to complement traditional analysis of equivalence between parallel test forms based on total scores.
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Abstract
School belonging (i.e., social connectedness to school) has positive implications for academic achievement and well-being. However, few studies have examined the developmental antecedents of school belonging, particularly for students of Mexican origin. To address this gap in the research literature, the present study examined reciprocal relations between school belonging and two self-affirmation beliefs-self-esteem and ethnic pride-using data from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin students followed from fifth to ninth grade (N = 674, Mage at Wave 1 = 10.4 years, 50% girls). Furthermore, we evaluated whether the associations were stronger for boys than girls. Using multiple group analysis in a structural equation modeling framework, results indicate that, among boys, ethnic pride was prospectively associated with increases in self-esteem, self-esteem was associated with increases in school belonging, and the direct association between ethnic pride and school belonging was bidirectional. For girls, ethnic pride was prospectively associated with later school belonging. Discussion focuses on the gender differences in observed effects and implications for school programs and interventions. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside
| | - Rand D Conger
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis
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Chae Y, Goodman M, Goodman GS, Troxel N, McWilliams K, Thompson RA, Shaver PR, Widaman KF. How children remember the Strange Situation: The role of attachment. J Exp Child Psychol 2017; 166:360-379. [PMID: 29024847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study tested predictions from Bowlby's attachment theory about children's memory and suggestibility. Young children (3-5years old, N=88; 76% Caucasians) and their parents took part in the Strange Situation Procedure, a moderately distressing event and "gold standard" for assessing children's attachment quality. The children were then interviewed about what occurred during the event. Children's age and attachment security scores positively predicted correct information in free recall and accuracy in answering specific questions. For children with higher (vs. lower) attachment security scores, greater distress observed during the Strange Situation Procedure predicted increased resistance to misleading suggestions. In addition, for children who displayed relatively low distress during the Strange Situation Procedure, significant age differences in memory and suggestibility emerged as expected. However, for children who displayed greater distress during the Strange Situation Procedure, younger and older children's memory performances were equivalent. Findings suggest that attachment theory provides an important framework for understanding facets of memory development with respect to attachment-related information and that distress may alter assumed age patterns in memory development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojin Chae
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1230, USA.
| | - Miranda Goodman
- Department of Psychology, Eckerd College, St. Petersburg, FL 33711, USA
| | - Gail S Goodman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Natalie Troxel
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA 95353, USA
| | - Kelly McWilliams
- Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Ross A Thompson
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Phillip R Shaver
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Marsac ML, Kassam-Adams N, Delahanty DL, Ciesla J, Weiss D, Widaman KF, Barakat LP. An initial application of a biopsychosocial framework to predict posttraumatic stress following pediatric injury. Health Psychol 2017; 36:787-796. [PMID: 28650199 PMCID: PMC5673123 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Each year millions of children suffer from unintentional injuries that result in poor emotional and physical health. This study examined selected biopsychosocial factors (i.e., child heart rate, peritrauma appraisals, early coping, trauma history) to elucidate their roles in promoting emotional recovery following injury. The study evaluated specific hypotheses that threat appraisals (global and trauma-specific) and coping would predict subsequent posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), that coping would mediate the association between early and later PTSS, and that heart rate would predict PTSS and appraisals would mediate this association. METHOD Participants were 96 children hospitalized for injury and assessed at 3 time points: T1 (within 2 weeks of injury), T2 (6-week follow-up), and T3 (12-week follow-up). Participants completed measures of trauma history and appraisals at T1, coping at T2, and PTSS at T1, T2, and T3. Heart rate was abstracted from medical records. Structural equation modeling was employed to evaluate study hypotheses. RESULTS Heart rate was not associated with PTSS or appraisals. Models including trauma history, appraisals, coping, and PTSS were constructed to test other study hypotheses and fit the data well. T1 global and trauma-specific threat appraisals were associated with T1 PTSS; T2 avoidant coping was a significant mediator of the relation between T1 and T3 PTSS. CONCLUSION Findings confirm a role for appraisals and coping in the development of PTSS over the weeks following pediatric injury. Early appraisals and avoidant coping may be appropriate targets for prevention and early intervention. Future researchers should further explicate the utility of a biopsychosocial framework in predicting PTSS. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Marsac
- The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Nancy Kassam-Adams
- The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | | | | | - Danielle Weiss
- The Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California-Riverside
| | - Lamia P Barakat
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
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Reise SP, Kim DS, Mansolf M, Widaman KF. Is the Bifactor Model a Better Model or Is It Just Better at Modeling Implausible Responses? Application of Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares to the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Multivariate Behav Res 2016; 51:818-838. [PMID: 27834509 PMCID: PMC5312782 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2016.1243461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although the structure of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) has been exhaustively evaluated, questions regarding dimensionality and direction of wording effects continue to be debated. To shed new light on these issues, we ask (a) for what percentage of individuals is a unidimensional model adequate, (b) what additional percentage of individuals can be modeled with multidimensional specifications, and (c) what percentage of individuals respond so inconsistently that they cannot be well modeled? To estimate these percentages, we applied iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) to examine the structure of the RSES in a large, publicly available data set. A distance measure, ds, reflecting a distance between a response pattern and an estimated model, was used for case weighting. We found that a bifactor model provided the best overall model fit, with one general factor and two wording-related group factors. However, on the basis of dr values, a distance measure based on individual residuals, we concluded that approximately 86% of cases were adequately modeled through a unidimensional structure, and only an additional 3% required a bifactor model. Roughly 11% of cases were judged as "unmodelable" due to their significant residuals in all models considered. Finally, analysis of ds revealed that some, but not all, of the superior fit of the bifactor model is owed to that model's ability to better accommodate implausible and possibly invalid response patterns, and not necessarily because it better accounts for the effects of direction of wording.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dale S Kim
- a University of California , Los Angeles
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37
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Abstract
Third, fourth, and fifth graders were given two forms of a class inclusion test and three tests that presumably tap psychological differentiation, the Matching Familiar Figures Test, the Embedded Figures Test, and a leveling-sharpening test. Performance on embedded figures and leveling-sharpening tests correlated with performance on traditional items of class inclusion, suggesting that psychological differentiation is linked to class inclusion. However, age changes in differentiation do not account for age changes in class inclusion. Rather, it appears that level of differentiation inhibits or facilitates the presence of class inclusion by interacting with a more basic competency which changes with age.
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Hessl D, Sansone SM, Berry-Kravis E, Riley K, Widaman KF, Abbeduto L, Schneider A, Coleman J, Oaklander D, Rhodes KC, Gershon RC. The NIH Toolbox Cognitive Battery for intellectual disabilities: three preliminary studies and future directions. J Neurodev Disord 2016; 8:35. [PMID: 27602170 PMCID: PMC5012003 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in understanding molecular and synaptic mechanisms of intellectual disabilities (ID) in fragile X syndrome (FXS) and Down syndrome (DS) through animal models have led to targeted controlled trials with pharmacological agents designed to normalize these underlying mechanisms and improve clinical outcomes. However, several human clinical trials have failed to demonstrate efficacy of these targeted treatments to improve surrogate behavioral endpoints. Because the ultimate index of disease modification in these disorders is amelioration of ID, the validation of cognitive measures for tracking treatment response is essential. Here, we present preliminary research to validate the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognitive Battery (NIH-TCB) for ID. METHODS We completed three pilot studies of patients with FXS (total n = 63; mean age 19.3 ± 8.3 years, mean mental age 5.3 ± 1.6 years), DS (n = 47; mean age 16.1 ± 6.2, mean mental age 5.4 ± 2.0), and idiopathic ID (IID; n = 16; mean age 16.1 ± 5.0, mean mental age 6.6 ± 2.3) measuring processing speed, executive function, episodic memory, word/letter reading, receptive vocabulary, and working memory using the web-based NIH-TB-CB, addressing feasibility, test-retest reliability, construct validity, ecological validity, and syndrome differences and profiles. RESULTS Feasibility was good to excellent (≥80 % of participants with valid scores) for above mental age 4 years for all tests except list sorting (working memory). Test-retest stability was good to excellent, and convergent validity was similar to or better than results obtained from typically developing children in the normal sample for executive function and language measures. Examination of ecological validity revealed moderate to very strong correlations between the NIH-TCB composite and adaptive behavior and full-scale IQ measures. Syndrome/group comparisons demonstrated significant deficits for the FXS and DS groups relative to IID on attention and inhibitory control, a significant reading weakness for FXS, and a receptive vocabulary weakness for DS. CONCLUSIONS The NIH-TCB has potential for assessing important dimensions of cognition in persons with ID, and several tests may be useful for tracking response to intervention. However, more extensive psychometric studies, evaluation of the NIH-TCB's sensitivity to change, both developmentally and in the context of treatment, and perhaps establishing links to brain function in these populations, are required to determine the true utility of the battery as a set of outcome measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hessl
- Translational Psychophysiology and Assessment Laboratory (T-PAL), MIND Institute, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Stephanie M. Sansone
- Translational Psychophysiology and Assessment Laboratory (T-PAL), MIND Institute, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Karen Riley
- Morgridge College of Education, The University of Denver, Denver, CO USA
| | - Keith F. Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- Translational Psychophysiology and Assessment Laboratory (T-PAL), MIND Institute, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Andrea Schneider
- Translational Psychophysiology and Assessment Laboratory (T-PAL), MIND Institute, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Jeanine Coleman
- Morgridge College of Education, The University of Denver, Denver, CO USA
| | - Dena Oaklander
- School of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kelly C. Rhodes
- School of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
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Li Z, Hygen BW, Widaman KF, Berg-Nielsen TS, Wichstrøm L, Belsky J. Disorganization, COMT, and Children's Social Behavior: The Norwegian Hypothesis of Legacy of Disorganized Attachment. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1013. [PMID: 27462283 PMCID: PMC4940399 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Why is disorganized attachment associated with punitive-controlling behavior in some, but caregiving-controlling in others? Hygen et al. (2014) proposed that variation in the Catechol-O-methyl transferase(COMT) Val158Met genotype explains this variation, providing preliminary data to this effect. We offer a conceptual replication, analyzing data on 560 children (males: 275) drawn from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. As predicted, competitive model-fitting indicated that disorganized infants carrying Met alleles engage in more positive behavior and less negative behavior than other children at age 5 and 11, with the reverse true of Val/Val homozygotes, seemingly consistent with caregiving-controlling and punitive-controlling styles, respectively, but only in the case of maternal and not teacher reports, thereby confirmating a relationship-specific hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
| | - Beate W Hygen
- NTNU Social ScienceTrondheim, Norway; Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Turid S Berg-Nielsen
- Regional Center for Child and YouthMental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Wichstrøm
- NTNU Social ScienceTrondheim, Norway; Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim, Norway
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA
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Abstract
This article considers the validity and factorial invariance of an attitudinal measure of familism. Using a large, nationally representative sample of U.S. Hispanics, the validity and factorial invariance of the measure was tested across country of origin (United States, Mexico, and Latin America) and the language in which the survey was conducted (Spanish and English). Results support the invariance of the measure in both group comparisons, suggesting that the measure assesses a quality of familism that persists across country of origin and language preference. Further, the results also support equality in mean factor levels across these groups.
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Hernández MM, Robins RW, Widaman KF, Conger RD. School Belonging, Generational Status, and Socioeconomic Effects on Mexican-Origin Children's Later Academic Competence and Expectations. J Res Adolesc 2016; 26:241-256. [PMID: 27231419 PMCID: PMC4876870 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined factors that relate to academic competence and expectations from elementary to middle school for 674 fifth grade students (50% boys; Mage = 10.86 years) of Mexican origin. Models predicting academic competence and expectations were estimated using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) framework, with longitudinal data from fifth to eighth grades. School belonging (i.e., social and emotional connectedness to school) predicted greater academic competence and expectations over time. Findings indicate that student feelings of belonging in school may act as a resource that promotes academic competence and expectations. Furthermore, family income, parent education, and generational status had direct effects on academic competence and expectations to some degree, suggesting the importance of contextual factors in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciel M Hernández
- Maciel M. Hernández, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University; Richard W. Robins, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis; Keith F. Widaman, Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside; Rand D. Conger, Department of Psychology, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
| | - Richard W Robins
- Maciel M. Hernández, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University; Richard W. Robins, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis; Keith F. Widaman, Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside; Rand D. Conger, Department of Psychology, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Maciel M. Hernández, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University; Richard W. Robins, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis; Keith F. Widaman, Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside; Rand D. Conger, Department of Psychology, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
| | - Rand D Conger
- Maciel M. Hernández, Department of Psychology, Arizona State University; Richard W. Robins, Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis; Keith F. Widaman, Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside; Rand D. Conger, Department of Psychology, Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
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42
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Tassé MJ, Schalock RL, Thissen D, Balboni G, Bersani HH, Borthwick-Duffy SA, Spreat S, Widaman KF, Zhang D, Navas P. Development and Standardization of the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale: Application of Item Response Theory to the Assessment of Adaptive Behavior. Am J Intellect Dev Disabil 2016; 121:79-94. [PMID: 26914464 DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-121.2.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) was developed using item response theory (IRT) methods and was constructed to provide the most precise and valid adaptive behavior information at or near the cutoff point of making a decision regarding a diagnosis of intellectual disability. The DABS initial item pool consisted of 260 items. Using IRT modeling and a nationally representative standardization sample, the item set was reduced to 75 items that provide the most precise adaptive behavior information at the cutoff area determining the presence or not of significant adaptive behavior deficits across conceptual, social, and practical skills. The standardization of the DABS is described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Thissen
- David Thissen, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | | | | | - Scott Spreat
- Scott Spreat, Woodland Center for Challenging Behaviors
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Block SD, Poplin AB, Wang E, Widaman KF, Runyan DK. Variation in Acceptable Child Discipline Practices by Child Age: Perceptions of Community Norms by Medical and Legal Professionals. Behav Sci Law 2016; 34:95-112. [PMID: 27117603 PMCID: PMC5831380 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mandated child abuse reporters may judge specific disciplinary practices as unacceptable for young children, whereas child law professionals arbitrating allegations may be less inclusive. Do the views of these groups diverge, by child age, regarding discipline? Judgments of community norms across a wide range of children's ages were obtained from 380 medical and legal professionals. Because the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (PC-CTS) can be used to assess the epidemiology of child disciplinary behaviors and as a proxy to examine the incidence or prevalence of child abuse, the disciplinary practices described on the PC-CTS were presented as triggers for questions. Significant child age effects were found for disciplinary practices classified as "harsh." The consistencies between legal and medical professionals were striking. Both groups reflected changes in United States norms, as non-physical approaches were the most approved. We conclude that instruments estimating the prevalence of child maltreatment by parent-report should consider modifying how specific disciplinary practices are classified. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Wang
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts, Lowell
| | - Keith F. Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside
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Pampel FC, Boardman JD, Daw J, Stallings MC, Smolen A, Haberstick BC, Widaman KF, Neppl TK, Conger RD. Life events, genetic susceptibility, and smoking among adolescents. Soc Sci Res 2015; 54:221-32. [PMID: 26463545 PMCID: PMC4607932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although stressful life events during adolescence are associated with the adoption of unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, both social circumstances and physical traits can moderate the relationship. This study builds on the stress paradigm and gene-environment approach to social behavior by examining how a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene 5-HTTLPR moderates the effect of life events on adolescent smoking. Tests of interaction hypotheses use data from the Family Transitions Project, a longitudinal study of 7th graders followed for 5years. A sibling-pair design with separate models for the gender composition of pairs (brothers, sisters, or brother/sister) controls for unmeasured family background. The results show that negative life events are significantly and positively associated with smoking. Among brother pairs but not other pairs, the results provide evidence of gene-environment interaction by showing that life events more strongly influence smoking behavior for those with more copies of the 5-HTTLPR S allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred C Pampel
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, United States.
| | - Jason D Boardman
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Jonathan Daw
- Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Michael C Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Andrew Smolen
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Brett C Haberstick
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, United States
| | - Tricia K Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, United States
| | - Rand D Conger
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California Davis, United States
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Taylor ZE, Conger RD, Robins RW, Widaman KF. Parenting Practices and Perceived Social Support: Longitudinal Relations with the Social Competence of Mexican-origin Children. J Lat Psychol 2015; 3:193-208. [PMID: 26751039 PMCID: PMC4705564 DOI: 10.1037/lat0000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Social bonds and supportive relationships are widely recognized as being indispensable to healthy psychological functioning and well-being. Social support is a psychological resource that is expected to also contribute positively to parenting practices. The present study longitudinally examined the relations between mothers' (N = 674) and fathers' (N = 430) perceived social support and parenting behaviors, and their relations with children's social competence during early adolescence in Mexican-origin single and two-parent families. Our constructs of interest (warm parenting, monitoring, perceived social support, and children's social competence) were significantly correlated at T1, and demonstrated significant stability across time for both parental models. Parental warmth (as reported by the child, and opposite parent) and parental monitoring (self-reported by mothers and fathers) were correlated and also showed bidirectional associations across time. Parental monitoring at T2 positively predicted change in children's social competence at T3 (controlling for T1 social competence) for mothers. Parental warmth at T2 positively predicted change in children's social competence at T3 (controlling for T1 social competence) for fathers. For mothers, the indirect effect of social support at T1 on children's social competence at T3 via parental monitoring at T2 (and controlling for prior levels) was significant. Findings suggest that maternal perceived social support contributes to children's social competence due to its positive relation to maternal monitoring. Results may also suggest that mothers' and fathers' parenting behaviors differentially relate to children's social competence in Latino families, although additional work focused on comparing parenting behaviors in two-parent families is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E. Taylor
- Purdue University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies
| | - Rand D. Conger
- University of California, Davis, Department of Human Ecology
| | | | - Keith F. Widaman
- University of California, Riverside, Graduate School of Education
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46
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Widaman KF. Special MBR Section: SMEP Student Paper Competition Abstracts, 2014. Multivariate Behav Res 2015; 50:126. [PMID: 26609747 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2014.999517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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47
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Cruz RA, Gonzales NA, Corona M, King KM, Cauce AM, Robins RW, Widaman KF, Conger RD. Cultural dynamics and marital relationship quality in Mexican-origin families. J Fam Psychol 2014; 28:844-854. [PMID: 25313819 PMCID: PMC4261002 DOI: 10.1037/a0038123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that acculturation may influence relationship outcomes among Mexican-origin married couples, including marital adjustment and distress. Despite much theory and research on parent-child cultural differences and disruptions in the parent-child relationship, no previous research has investigated possible associations between husband-wife cultural differences and marital relationship quality. With a sample of Mexican-origin married couples (N = 398), the current study investigated the relations between husband-wife differences in acculturation (American orientation) and enculturation (Mexican orientation) with husband and wife reports of positive marital qualities (warmth and relationship satisfaction). To clarify and extend previous research, the current study also investigated within-person models of cultural orientation domains as related to positive marital quality. Results provide partial evidence showing that dyadic cultural differences are associated with lower positive marital quality while cultural similarity is associated with higher positive marital quality; however, the relations are complex and suggest that the associations between wife cultural orientation and positive marital quality may depend on husband cultural orientation (and vice versa). Findings also implicate the importance of assessing spouse bidimensional cultural orientation by showing that the relation between spouse acculturation level and relationship quality may depend on his or her enculturation level. Additional nuances in the findings illustrate the importance of assessing multiple domains of cultural orientation, including language use and cultural values. We highlight several future directions for research investigating nuances in spouse cultural dynamics and relationship processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marissa Corona
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Kevin M King
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington
| | | | | | | | - Rand D Conger
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California
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48
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Balboni G, Tassé MJ, Schalock RL, Borthwick-Duffy SA, Spreat S, Thissen D, Widaman KF, Zhang D, Navas P. The diagnostic adaptive behavior scale: evaluating its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Res Dev Disabil 2014; 35:2884-2893. [PMID: 25105569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS) was constructed with items across three domains--conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills--and normed on a representative sample of American individuals from 4 to 21 years of age. The DABS was developed to focus its assessment around the decision point for determining the presence or absence of significant limitations of adaptive behavior for the diagnosis of Intellectual Disability (ID). The purpose of this study, which was composed of 125 individuals with and 933 without an ID-related diagnosis, was to determine the ability of the DABS to correctly identify the individuals with and without ID (i.e., sensitivity and specificity). The results indicate that the DABS sensitivity coefficients ranged from 81% to 98%, specificity coefficients ranged from 89% to 91%, and that the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve were excellent or good. These results indicate that the DABS has very good levels of diagnostic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc J Tassé
- The Ohio State University, 1581 Dodd Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | - Scott Spreat
- Woodland Center for Challenging Behaviors, 9 Imlaystown-Hightstown Road, Allentown, NJ 08501-2011, USA
| | - David Thissen
- University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, CB #3270, Chapel Hill, NC 23599-3270, USA
| | - Keith F Widaman
- University of California - Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8686, USA
| | - Dalun Zhang
- Texas A&M University, 4225 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4225, USA
| | - Patricia Navas
- The Ohio State University, 1581 Dodd Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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49
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Masarik AS, Conger RD, Donnellan MB, Stallings MC, Martin MJ, Schofield TJ, Neppl TK, Scaramella LV, Smolen A, Widaman KF. For better and for worse: genes and parenting interact to predict future behavior in romantic relationships. J Fam Psychol 2014; 28:357-367. [PMID: 24821524 DOI: 10.1037/a0036818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We tested the differential susceptibility hypothesis with respect to connections between interactions in the family of origin and subsequent behaviors with romantic partners. Focal or target participants (G2) in an ongoing longitudinal study (N = 352) were observed interacting with their parents (G1) during adolescence and again with their romantic partners in adulthood. Independent observers rated positive engagement and hostility by G1 and G2 during structured interaction tasks. We created an index for hypothesized genetic plasticity by summing G2's allelic variation for polymorphisms in 5 genes (serotonin transporter gene [linked polymorphism], 5-HTT; ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 gene/dopamine receptor D2 gene, ANKK1/DRD2; dopamine receptor D4 gene, DRD4; dopamine active transporter gene, DAT; and catechol-O-methyltransferase gene, COMT). Consistent with the differential susceptibility hypothesis, G2s exposed to more hostile and positively engaged parenting behaviors during adolescence were more hostile or positively engaged toward a romantic partner if they had higher scores on the genetic plasticity index. In short, genetic factors moderated the connection between earlier experiences in the family of origin and future romantic relationship behaviors, for better and for worse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rand D Conger
- Department of Human Ecology, University of California
| | | | | | | | - Thomas J Schofield
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| | - Tricia K Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University
| | | | - Andrew Smolen
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado
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50
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Widaman KF. Special MBR Section: SMEP Student Paper Competition Abstracts. Multivariate Behav Res 2014; 49:283. [PMID: 26735193 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2014.909707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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