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Kim HJ, Julian M, Williams C, Bombara D, Hu J, Gu T, Aryana K, Sauti G, Humphreys W. Author Correction: Versatile spaceborne photonics with chalcogenide phase-change materials. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:38. [PMID: 38531876 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Calum Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - David Bombara
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Juejun Hu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tian Gu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Kim HJ, Julian M, Williams C, Bombara D, Hu J, Gu T, Aryana K, Sauti G, Humphreys W. Versatile spaceborne photonics with chalcogenide phase-change materials. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:20. [PMID: 38378811 PMCID: PMC10879159 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent growth in space systems has seen increasing capabilities packed into smaller and lighter Earth observation and deep space mission spacecraft. Phase-change materials (PCMs) are nonvolatile, reconfigurable, fast-switching, and have recently shown a high degree of space radiation tolerance, thereby making them an attractive materials platform for spaceborne photonics applications. They promise robust, lightweight, and energy-efficient reconfigurable optical systems whose functions can be dynamically defined on-demand and on-orbit to deliver enhanced science or mission support in harsh environments on lean power budgets. This comment aims to discuss the recent advances in rapidly growing PCM research and its potential to transition from conventional terrestrial optoelectronics materials platforms to versatile spaceborne photonic materials platforms for current and next-generation space and science missions. Materials International Space Station Experiment-14 (MISSE-14) mission-flown PCMs outside of the International Space Station (ISS) and key results and NASA examples are highlighted to provide strong evidence of the applicability of spaceborne photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Calum Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - David Bombara
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Juejun Hu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tian Gu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Aryana K, Kim HJ, Popescu CC, Vitale S, Bae HB, Lee T, Gu T, Hu J. Toward Accurate Thermal Modeling of Phase Change Material-Based Photonic Devices. Small 2023:e2304145. [PMID: 37649187 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Reconfigurable or programmable photonic devices are rapidly growing and have become an integral part of many optical systems. The ability to selectively modulate electromagnetic waves through electrical stimuli is crucial in the advancement of a variety of applications from data communication and computing devices to environmental science and space explorations. Chalcogenide-based phase-change materials (PCMs) are one of the most promising material candidates for reconfigurable photonics due to their large optical contrast between their different solid-state structural phases. Although significant efforts have been devoted to accurate simulation of PCM-based devices, in this paper, three important aspects which have often evaded prior models yet having significant impacts on the thermal and phase transition behavior of these devices are highlighted: the enthalpy of fusion, the heat capacity change upon glass transition, as well as the thermal conductivity of liquid-phase PCMs. The important topic of switching energy scaling in PCM devices, which also helps explain why the three above-mentioned effects have long been overlooked in electronic PCM memories but only become important in photonics, is further investigated. These findings offer insight to facilitate accurate modeling of PCM-based photonic devices and can inform the development of more efficient reconfigurable optics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA
| | - Cosmin-Constantin Popescu
- Department of Materials & Science Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Steven Vitale
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Hyung Bin Bae
- KAIST Analysis Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Taewoo Lee
- KAIST Analysis Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Tian Gu
- Department of Materials & Science Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Juejun Hu
- Department of Materials & Science Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Zarehparvar Moghadam S, Askari E, Divband G, Shakeri S, Aryana K. Factores pronósticos de eficacia y seguridad que afectan a la supervivencia global de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata metastásico sometidos a tratamiento con [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617: estudio en un único centro. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Islam MR, Zubair MA, Galib RH, Hoque MSB, Tomko JA, Aryana K, Basak AK, Hopkins PE. Vacancy-Induced Temperature-Dependent Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Holmium-Substituted Bismuth Ferrite Nanoparticle Compacts. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:25886-25897. [PMID: 35634978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroics have gained widespread acceptance for room-temperature applications such as in spintronics, ferroelectric random access memory, and transistors because of their intrinsic magnetic and ferroelectric coupling. However, a comprehensive study, establishing a correlation between the magnetic and thermal transport properties of multiferroics, is still missing from the literature. To fill the void, this work reports the temperature-dependent thermal and magnetic properties of holmium-substituted bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) and their dependencies on oxygen vacancies and structural modifications. Two distinct magnetic transitions on temperature-dependent magnetic and heat capacity responses are identified. Experimental analysis suggests that the excess of oxygen vacancies shifts the magnetic transition temperature by ∼64 K. The holmium substitution-induced structural modification increases BiFeO3 heat capacity by 30% up to the antiferromagnetic phase transition temperature. Furthermore, an unsaturated heat capacity even at temperatures as high as 850 K is observed and is ascribed to anharmonicity and partial densification of the nanoparticles used during heat capacity measurements. The room-temperature thermal conductivity of BiFeO3 is ∼0.33 ± 0.11 W m-1 K-1 and remains unchanged at high temperatures due to defect scattering from porosities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903, United States
| | - M A Zubair
- Department of Glass and Ceramic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Roisul H Galib
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903, United States
| | - Md Shafkat Bin Hoque
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903, United States
| | - John A Tomko
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903, United States
| | - Kiumars Aryana
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903, United States
| | - Animesh K Basak
- Adelaide Microscopy, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903, United States
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Aryana K, Zhang Y, Tomko JA, Hoque MSB, Hoglund ER, Olson DH, Nag J, Read JC, Ríos C, Hu J, Hopkins PE. Suppressed electronic contribution in thermal conductivity of Ge 2Sb 2Se 4Te. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7187. [PMID: 34893593 PMCID: PMC8664948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27121-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated nanophotonics is an emerging research direction that has attracted great interests for technologies ranging from classical to quantum computing. One of the key-components in the development of nanophotonic circuits is the phase-change unit that undergoes a solid-state phase transformation upon thermal excitation. The quaternary alloy, Ge2Sb2Se4Te, is one of the most promising material candidates for application in photonic circuits due to its broadband transparency and large optical contrast in the infrared spectrum. Here, we investigate the thermal properties of Ge2Sb2Se4Te and show that upon substituting tellurium with selenium, the thermal transport transitions from an electron dominated to a phonon dominated regime. By implementing an ultrafast mid-infrared pump-probe spectroscopy technique that allows for direct monitoring of electronic and vibrational energy carrier lifetimes in these materials, we find that this reduction in thermal conductivity is a result of a drastic change in electronic lifetimes of Ge2Sb2Se4Te, leading to a transition from an electron-dominated to a phonon-dominated thermal transport mechanism upon selenium substitution. In addition to thermal conductivity measurements, we provide an extensive study on the thermophysical properties of Ge2Sb2Se4Te thin films such as thermal boundary conductance, specific heat, and sound speed from room temperature to 400 °C across varying thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiumars Aryana
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John A Tomko
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Md Shafkat Bin Hoque
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Eric R Hoglund
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - David H Olson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Joyeeta Nag
- Western Digital Corporation, San Jose, CA, 95119, USA
| | - John C Read
- Western Digital Corporation, San Jose, CA, 95119, USA
| | - Carlos Ríos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Juejun Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
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Hoque MSB, Koh YR, Braun JL, Mamun A, Liu Z, Huynh K, Liao ME, Hussain K, Cheng Z, Hoglund ER, Olson DH, Tomko JA, Aryana K, Galib R, Gaskins JT, Elahi MMM, Leseman ZC, Howe JM, Luo T, Graham S, Goorsky MS, Khan A, Hopkins PE. High In-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Aluminum Nitride Thin Films. ACS Nano 2021; 15:9588-9599. [PMID: 33908771 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High thermal conductivity materials show promise for thermal mitigation and heat removal in devices. However, shrinking the length scales of these materials often leads to significant reductions in thermal conductivities, thus invalidating their applicability to functional devices. In this work, we report on high in-plane thermal conductivities of 3.05, 3.75, and 6 μm thick aluminum nitride (AlN) films measured via steady-state thermoreflectance. At room temperature, the AlN films possess an in-plane thermal conductivity of ∼260 ± 40 W m-1 K-1, one of the highest reported to date for any thin film material of equivalent thickness. At low temperatures, the in-plane thermal conductivities of the AlN films surpass even those of diamond thin films. Phonon-phonon scattering drives the in-plane thermal transport of these AlN thin films, leading to an increase in thermal conductivity as temperature decreases. This is opposite of what is observed in traditional high thermal conductivity thin films, where boundaries and defects that arise from film growth cause a thermal conductivity reduction with decreasing temperature. This study provides insight into the interplay among boundary, defect, and phonon-phonon scattering that drives the high in-plane thermal conductivity of the AlN thin films and demonstrates that these AlN films are promising materials for heat spreaders in electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafkat Bin Hoque
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Yee Rui Koh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Braun
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Zeyu Liu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Kenny Huynh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Michael E Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kamal Hussain
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Zhe Cheng
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Eric R Hoglund
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - David H Olson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - John A Tomko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Kiumars Aryana
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Roisul Galib
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - John T Gaskins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Mirza Mohammad Mahbube Elahi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Zayd C Leseman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Eastern Province 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - James M Howe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Tengfei Luo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Samuel Graham
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mark S Goorsky
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Asif Khan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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Hoque MSB, Koh YR, Aryana K, Hoglund ER, Braun JL, Olson DH, Gaskins JT, Ahmad H, Elahi MMM, Hite JK, Leseman ZC, Doolittle WA, Hopkins PE. Thermal conductivity measurements of sub-surface buried substrates by steady-state thermoreflectance. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:064906. [PMID: 34243549 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the thermal conductivity of sub-surface buried substrates is of significant practical interests. However, this remains challenging with traditional pump-probe spectroscopies due to their limited thermal penetration depths. Here, we experimentally and numerically investigate the TPD of the recently developed optical pump-probe technique steady-state thermoreflectance (SSTR) and explore its capability for measuring the thermal properties of buried substrates. The conventional definition of the TPD (i.e., the depth at which temperature drops to 1/e value of the maximum surface temperature) does not truly represent the upper limit of how far beneath the surface SSTR can probe. For estimating the uncertainty of SSTR measurements of a buried substrate a priori, sensitivity calculations provide the best means. Thus, detailed sensitivity calculations are provided to guide future measurements. Due to the steady-state nature of SSTR, it can measure the thermal conductivity of buried substrates that are traditionally challenging by transient pump-probe techniques, exemplified by measuring three control samples. We also discuss the required criteria for SSTR to isolate the thermal properties of a buried film. Our study establishes SSTR as a suitable technique for thermal characterizations of sub-surface buried substrates in typical device geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shafkat Bin Hoque
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Yee Rui Koh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Kiumars Aryana
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Eric R Hoglund
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Braun
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - David H Olson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - John T Gaskins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - Habib Ahmad
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | | | | | - Zayd C Leseman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Eastern Province 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - W Alan Doolittle
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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Aryana K, Stewart DA, Gaskins JT, Nag J, Read JC, Olson DH, Grobis MK, Hopkins PE. Tuning network topology and vibrational mode localization to achieve ultralow thermal conductivity in amorphous chalcogenides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2817. [PMID: 33990553 PMCID: PMC8121845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous chalcogenide alloys are key materials for data storage and energy scavenging applications due to their large non-linearities in optical and electrical properties as well as low vibrational thermal conductivities. Here, we report on a mechanism to suppress the thermal transport in a representative amorphous chalcogenide system, silicon telluride (SiTe), by nearly an order of magnitude via systematically tailoring the cross-linking network among the atoms. As such, we experimentally demonstrate that in fully dense amorphous SiTe the thermal conductivity can be reduced to as low as 0.10 ± 0.01 W m-1 K-1 for high tellurium content with a density nearly twice that of amorphous silicon. Using ab-initio simulations integrated with lattice dynamics, we attribute the ultralow thermal conductivity of SiTe to the suppressed contribution of extended modes of vibration, namely propagons and diffusons. This leads to a large shift in the mobility edge - a factor of five - towards lower frequency and localization of nearly 42% of the modes. This localization is the result of reductions in coordination number and a transition from over-constrained to under-constrained atomic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiumars Aryana
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - John T Gaskins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Joyeeta Nag
- Western Digital Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - John C Read
- Western Digital Corporation, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - David H Olson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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Aryana K, Gaskins JT, Nag J, Stewart DA, Bai Z, Mukhopadhyay S, Read JC, Olson DH, Hoglund ER, Howe JM, Giri A, Grobis MK, Hopkins PE. Interface controlled thermal resistances of ultra-thin chalcogenide-based phase change memory devices. Nat Commun 2021; 12:774. [PMID: 33536411 PMCID: PMC7858634 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase change memory (PCM) is a rapidly growing technology that not only offers advancements in storage-class memories but also enables in-memory data processing to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck. In PCMs, data storage is driven by thermal excitation. However, there is limited research regarding PCM thermal properties at length scales close to the memory cell dimensions. Our work presents a new paradigm to manage thermal transport in memory cells by manipulating the interfacial thermal resistance between the phase change unit and the electrodes without incorporating additional insulating layers. Experimental measurements show a substantial change in interfacial thermal resistance as GST transitions from cubic to hexagonal crystal structure, resulting in a factor of 4 reduction in the effective thermal conductivity. Simulations reveal that interfacial resistance between PCM and its adjacent layer can reduce the reset current for 20 and 120 nm diameter devices by up to ~ 40% and ~ 50%, respectively. These thermal insights present a new opportunity to reduce power and operating currents in PCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiumars Aryana
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - John T Gaskins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Joyeeta Nag
- Western Digital Corporation, San Jose, CA, 95119, USA
| | | | - Zhaoqiang Bai
- Western Digital Corporation, San Jose, CA, 95119, USA
| | - Saikat Mukhopadhyay
- NRC Research Associate at Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375, USA
| | - John C Read
- Western Digital Corporation, San Jose, CA, 95119, USA
| | - David H Olson
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Eric R Hoglund
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - James M Howe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Ashutosh Giri
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | | | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA.
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Giri A, Chen AZ, Mattoni A, Aryana K, Zhang D, Hu X, Lee SH, Choi JJ, Hopkins PE. Ultralow Thermal Conductivity of Two-Dimensional Metal Halide Perovskites. Nano Lett 2020; 20:3331-3337. [PMID: 32202803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the thermal conductivities of two-dimensional metal halide perovskite films measured by time domain thermoreflectance. Depending on the molecular substructure of ammonium cations and owing to the weaker interactions in the layered structures, the thermal conductivities of our two-dimensional hybrid perovskites range from 0.10 to 0.19 W m-1 K-1, which is drastically lower than that of their three-dimensional counterparts. We use molecular dynamics simulations to show that the organic component induces a reduction of the stiffness and sound velocities along with giving rise to vibrational modes in the 5-15 THz range that are absent in the three-dimensional counterparts. By systematically studying eight different two-dimensional hybrid perovskites, we show that the thermal conductivities of our hybrid films do not depend on the thicknesses of the organic layers and instead are highly dependent on the relative orientation of the organic chains sandwiched between the inorganic constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Giri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Alexander Z Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Alessandro Mattoni
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM) Cagliari, SLACS, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Kiumars Aryana
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Depei Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Joshua J Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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Aryana K, Stahley JB, Parvez N, Kim K, Zanjani MB. Metamaterial Through Self‐Assembly: Superstructures of Multielement Colloidal Molecules: Efficient Pathways to Construct Reconfigurable Photonic and Phononic Crystals (Adv. Theory Simul. 5/2019). Adv Theory Simul 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201970015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Aryana K, Stahley JB, Parvez N, Kim K, Zanjani MB. Superstructures of Multielement Colloidal Molecules: Efficient Pathways to Construct Reconfigurable Photonic and Phononic Crystals. Adv Theory Simul 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiumars Aryana
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringMiami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - James B. Stahley
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringMiami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Nishan Parvez
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringMiami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Kristin Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringMiami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Mehdi B. Zanjani
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringMiami University Oxford OH 45056 USA
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Ghiami A, Kianifar A, Aryana K, Edalatpour M. Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Single-Pass Sequenced Array Baffled Solar Air Heater with Packed Bed Latent Storage Unit for Nocturnal Use. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/htj.21230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghiami
- Department of SciTec; Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss Promenade 2, 07745 Jena; Germany
| | - Ali Kianifar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Kiumars Aryana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - Mojtaba Edalatpour
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
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Aryana K, Hootkani A, Sadeghi R, Davoudi Y, Naderinasab M, Erfani M, Ayati N. (99m)Tc-labeled ubiquicidin scintigraphy: a promising method in hip prosthesis infection diagnosis. Nuklearmedizin 2012; 51:133-9. [PMID: 22692421 DOI: 10.3413/nukmed-0444-11-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hip prosthesis implantation has witnessed a significant increase in recent years. Despite the advantages of this surgical procedure, it has some complications, the most serious of which is prosthetic infection. This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of 99mTc-UBI scintigraphy in detection of infectious foci in painful hip prosthesis. UBI (Ubiquicidin 29-41) is an antimicrobial peptide fragment with the ability to target the bacterial colony directly. PATIENTS, METHODS 34 patients, aged 20-79 years, with painful hip prosthesis were included. 99mTc-UBI scan and three phase bone scan were performed and two nuclear medicine specialists interpreted the UBI scans with and without bone scan results at hand. Both qualitative and semi-quantitative methods were used to interpret the 30 minute post injection images. The patients were actively followed up. According to the surgical findings, microbiological culture and active follow up, final diagnosis was made. RESULTS 24 negative and 10 positive UBI scans were recorded. The sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values and accuracy of the study were all 100%. Bone scan did not have any influence on UBI interpretation. We were able to achieve excellent differentiation between infected and non-infected prostheses with a cut off value of 1.8 for target to non target (T/NT) ratio. No adverse effects were noticed following UBI scan. CONCLUSION Based on the findings, the authors believe that 99mTc-UBI scintigraphy, with its high sensitivity and specificity, provides the physician with an excellent tool for differentiating infection from aseptic loosening of hip prostheses. Using this radiopharmaceutical, it is possible to obtain highly accurate results only 30 minutes after the beginning of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aryana
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
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Gholami Malekshahi R, Dabbagh Kakhki VR, Zakavi SR, Aryana K, Sadeghi R. Visualization of a supraclavicular node on the lower extremity lymphoscintigraphy. Rev Esp Med Nucl 2010; 29:270. [PMID: 20223564 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2010.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Gholami Malekshahi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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