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Yang M, Chen S, Lim SL, Yang L, Zhong JY, Chan KC, Zhao Z, Wong KB, Wang J, Lim BL. A converged ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for the degradation of TOC and TOM tail-anchored receptors. J Integr Plant Biol 2024. [PMID: 38501483 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In plants, thousands of nucleus-encoded proteins translated in the cytosol are sorted to chloroplasts and mitochondria by binding to specific receptors of the TOC (translocon on the outer chloroplast membrane) and the TOM (translocon on the outer mitochondrial membrane) complexes for import into those organelles. The degradation pathways for these receptors are unclear. Here, we discovered a converged ubiquitin-proteasome pathway for the degradation of Arabidopsis thaliana TOC and TOM tail-anchored receptors. The receptors are ubiquitinated by E3 ligase(s) and pulled from the outer membranes by the AAA+ adenosine triphosphatase CDC48, after which a previously uncharacterized cytosolic protein, transmembrane domain (TMD)-binding protein for tail-anchored outer membrane proteins (TTOP), binds to the exposed TMDs at the C termini of the receptors and CDC48, and delivers these complexes to the 26S proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shey-Li Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jia Yi Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Koon Chuen Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhizhu Zhao
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Bo Wong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junqi Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, 518052, China
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2
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Qian L, Yang W, Luo J, Wang Y, Chan KC, Yang XS. Amorphous Thickness-Dependent Strengthening-Softening Transition in Crystalline-Amorphous Nanocomposites. Nano Lett 2023. [PMID: 37983011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Core-shell crystalline-amorphous nanocomposites, featuring nanograins surrounded by thick amorphous boundaries, are promising nanoarchitectures for achieving exceptional strength through cooperative strengthening effects. However, a comprehensive understanding of the influence of characteristic sizes, particularly the amorphous thickness, on codeformation strengthening is still lacking, limiting the attainment of the strength limit. Here, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate Cu-CuTa crystalline-amorphous nanocomposites with varying grain sizes and amorphous thicknesses. Our findings demonstrate significant strengthening effects in nanocomposites, effectively suppressing the Hall-Petch breakdown observed in traditional amorphous-free nanograined Cu. Intriguingly, we observe a maximum strength followed by a strengthening-softening transition dependent on the amorphous thickness, as exemplified by a representative nanocomposite featuring a 12.5 nm grain size and a critical amorphous thickness of 4 nm. Inspired by observed shifts in atomistic mechanisms, we developed a theoretical model encompassing variations in grain size and amorphous thickness, providing valuable insights into the size-strength relationship for crystalline-amorphous nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qian
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasi Luo
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Sheng Yang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, People's Republic of China
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
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3
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Li R, Wu R, Li Z, Wang J, Liu X, Wen Y, Chiang FK, Chen SW, Chan KC, Lu Z. Boosting Oxygen-Evolving Activity via Atom-Stepped Interfaces Architected with Kinetic Frustration. Adv Mater 2022:e2206890. [PMID: 36101917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A highly active interface is extremely critical for the catalytic efficiency of an electrocatalyst; however, facilely tailoring its atomic packing characteristics remains challenging. Herein, a simple yet effective strategy is reported to obtain copious high-energy atomic steps at the interface via controlling the solidification behavior of glass-forming metallic liquids. By adjusting the chemical composition and cooling rate, highly faceted FeNi3 nanocrystals are in situ formed in an FeNiB metallic glass (MG) matrix, leading to the creation of order/disorder interfaces. Benefiting from the catalytically active and stable atomic steps at the jagged interfaces, the resultant free-standing FeNi3 nanocrystal/MG composite exhibits a low oxygen-evolving overpotential of 214 mV at 10 mA cm-2 , a small Tafel slope of 32.4 mV dec-1 , and good stability in alkaline media, outperforming most state-of-the-art catalysts. This approach is based on the manipulation of nucleation and crystal growth of the solid-solution nanophases (e.g., FeNi3 ) in glass-forming liquids, so that the highly stepped interface architecture can be obtained due to the kinetic frustration effect in MGs upon undercooling. It is envisaged that the atomic-level stepped interface engineering via the physical metallurgy method can be easily extended to other MG systems, providing a new and generic paradigm for designing efficient yet cost-effective electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Institute of Clean Energy, Yangtze River Delta Research Insitute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ruoyu Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiongjun Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuren Wen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fu-Kuo Chiang
- National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, Beijing, 102211, China
| | - Shi-Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan R. O. C
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Research Institute for Advanced Manufacturing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhaoping Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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4
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Wang CT, Xu JC, Chan KC, Lee HH, Tso CY, Lin CSK, Chao CYH, Fu SC. Infection control measures for public transportation derived from the flow dynamics of obstructed cough jet. J Aerosol Sci 2022; 163:105995. [PMID: 35382445 PMCID: PMC8971108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2022.105995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, WHO and CDC suggest people stay 1 m and 1.8 m away from others, respectively. Keeping social distance can avoid close contact and mitigate infection spread. Many researchers suspect that suggested distances are not enough because aerosols can spread up to 7-8 m away. Despite the debate on social distance, these social distances rely on unobstructed respiratory activities such as coughing and sneezing. Differently, in this work, we focused on the most common but less studied aerosol spread from an obstructed cough. The flow dynamics of a cough jet blocked by the backrest and gasper jet in a cabin environment was characterized by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique. It was proved that the backrest and the gasper jet can prevent the front passenger from droplet spray in public transportation where maintaining social distance was difficult. A model was developed to describe the cough jet trajectory due to the gasper jet, which matched well with PIV results. It was found that buoyancy and inside droplets almost do not affect the short-range cough jet trajectory. Infection control measures were suggested for public transportation, including using backrest/gasper jet, installing localized exhaust, and surface cleaning of the backrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - J C Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - H H Lee
- Department of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Y Tso
- Department of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carol S K Lin
- Department of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Y H Chao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering & Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - S C Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Abstract
Recovery is a progressive process involving support to people with mental illness to take control of their life through the enhancement of motivation, self-drive, and responsibility. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 61 patients with mental illness aged between 40 and 75 in the community or residential settings, this study examined the wishes and hopes of clients who were in recovery. Participants described wishes and hopes for autonomy and independence in finances, accommodation, and health; stable housing or accommodation; meaningful occupation or employment; 'giving back' to society by serving others; intimate relationships; and gaining back 'lost time.' Wishes and hopes were motivating factors contributing to physical, mental, and social health over time, motivating clients with mental illness to live happily. To foster recovery, mental health practitioners should consider the identification and fulfilment of wishes and hopes in health and social care programs for this unique client group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W L Lai
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Room 1325, 13/F Academic and Administration Building, Baptist University Road Campus, Hong Kong, China.
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - G D Daoust
- Department of International Relations, The University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - X J Xie
- International Social Service Hong Kong Branch, 130 Hennessy Rd, Wan Chai, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Leung LCK, So LY, Ng YK, Chan WKY, Chiu WK, Chow CM, Chan SY, Chan KC. Initial intravenous fluid prescription in general paediatric in-patients aged >28 days and <18 years: consensus statements. Hong Kong Med J 2021; 27:276-286. [PMID: 34413255 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj209010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L C K Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - L Y So
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Y K Ng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital. Hong Kong
| | - W K Y Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - W K Chiu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - C M Chow
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - S Y Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong
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7
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Sun Y, Xie M, Xu Z, Chan KC, Zhong JY, Fan K, Wong-Bajracharya J, Lam HM, Lim BL. Differential RNA Editing and Intron Splicing in Soybean Mitochondria during Nodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9378. [PMID: 33317061 PMCID: PMC7764374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation in soybean consumes a tremendous amount of energy, leading to substantial differences in energy metabolism and mitochondrial activities between nodules and uninoculated roots. While C-to-U RNA editing and intron splicing of mitochondrial transcripts are common in plant species, their roles in relation to nodule functions are still elusive. In this study, we performed RNA-seq to compare transcript profiles and RNA editing of mitochondrial genes in soybean nodules and roots. A total of 631 RNA editing sites were identified on mitochondrial transcripts, with 12% or 74 sites differentially edited among the transcripts isolated from nodules, stripped roots, and uninoculated roots. Eight out of these 74 differentially edited sites are located on the matR transcript, of which the degrees of RNA editing were the highest in the nodule sample. The degree of mitochondrial intron splicing was also examined. The splicing efficiencies of several introns in nodules and stripped roots were higher than in uninoculated roots. These include nad1 introns 2/3/4, nad4 intron 3, nad5 introns 2/3, cox2 intron 1, and ccmFc intron 1. A greater splicing efficiency of nad4 intron 1, a higher NAD4 protein abundance, and a reduction in supercomplex I + III2 were also observed in nodules, although the causal relationship between these observations requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (K.C.C.); (J.Y.Z.)
| | - Min Xie
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; (M.X.); (K.F.); (J.W.-B.)
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (K.C.C.); (J.Y.Z.)
| | - Koon Chuen Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (K.C.C.); (J.Y.Z.)
| | - Jia Yi Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (K.C.C.); (J.Y.Z.)
| | - Kejing Fan
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; (M.X.); (K.F.); (J.W.-B.)
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Johanna Wong-Bajracharya
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; (M.X.); (K.F.); (J.W.-B.)
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; (M.X.); (K.F.); (J.W.-B.)
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; (Y.S.); (Z.X.); (K.C.C.); (J.Y.Z.)
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; (M.X.); (K.F.); (J.W.-B.)
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8
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Abstract
Objectives: Research evidence has demonstrated disparities and barriers associated with mental illness, which creates challenges for individuals with mental illness to maintain physical, mental, and social health as they age. The aim of this study was to examine the meaning of aging from the perspective of individuals with mental illness and explore their motivations and challenges to adopting healthy aging lifestyles and practices.Method: Using a qualitative narrative inquiry approach, interviews were conducted with 61 aging patients with mental illness aged 40 and older in community and institutional settings in Hong Kong.Results: Participants discussed the meaning of healthy aging in terms of meaningful occupation and use of time, and independence and autonomy. Motivating factors included a desire to avoid 'burdening' other people, to 'give back' to society, and gain back 'lost time'. These were connected to strategies for healthy aging, including social relationships and activities, spirituality, and healthy lifestyles. Challenges to adopting healthy aging practices included physical health difficulties and medication side effects, lack of purpose and boredom associated with daily routines and use of time, and conflicts and loss affecting family and peer relationships.Conclusion: Social and health services should be tailored to support aging individuals with mental illness and their families, addressing motivations and barriers to adopting healthy lifestyles. Promoting healthy aging practices to enable individuals with mental illness to achieve healthy aging is important for preparing for the aging of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W L Lai
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - X J Xie
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - G D Daoust
- Department of International Relations, The University of Sussex, Sussex, UK
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Yuen HM, Chan HL, Au CT, Chan KC, Lui LM, Li AM. 0882 Local Deformation Analysis of Lateral Cephalogram for Childhood OSA Classification. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Craniofacial profile is one of the anatomical causes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Cephalometry provides information on patients’ skeletal structures and soft tissues. Traditional cephalometric analysis focuses on linear distances, angles, ratios and area of specific variables. Its classification power is often disappointed. In this study, a novel approach to cephalometric analysis using local deformation information was carried out to assess its efficacy in OSA classification.
Methods
This study was a retrospective analysis based on 60 case-control pairs who were Chinese children recruited for sleep studies in the Prince of Wales Hospital, with accessible lateral cephalometry and polysomnography (PSG) data. Local deformation technique was adopted to derive 1215 deformations from 15 manual landmarking on each cephalogram. In addition, three linear distances (hyoid bone to mandibular plane, hyoid bone to posterior pharyngeal wall, and minimal distance between tongue base and posterior pharyngeal wall) were measured from each cephalogram. A total of 1218 information features were obtained per subject. Classification models were built with an equal ratio between OSA and non-OSA groups (defined by OAHI≥1 and OAHI<1 respectively). Forty pairs were used as training data and twenty pairs were used as testing data.
Results
Three model settings which used all 1218 cephalometric features, 800 features, and 500 features were tested. The accuracy for the three settings were 67.5% (sensitivity: 70%, specificity: 65%), 87.5% (sensitivity: 90%, specificity: 85%), and 92.5% (sensitivity: 95%, specificity: 90%) respectively. Apart from the three distances, the 500 topmost discriminative features were predominantly landmarks around the nasal cavity.
Conclusion
A new approach to cephalometric analysis using local deformation information can provide additional details on each cephalogram, hence, achieving better classification. The classification models using 500 features yielded the highest accuracy among the three settings. This setting could benefit most from the comprehensive comparison while avoiding overfitting.
Support
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Yuen
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HONG KONG
| | - H L Chan
- Department of Mathematics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HONG KONG
| | - C T Au
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HONG KONG
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HONG KONG
| | - L M Lui
- Department of Mathematics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HONG KONG
| | - A M Li
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, HONG KONG
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Ho C, Lee PH, So TC, Chiang MCS, Wong MH, Fong YH, Tsang CF, Cheng YW, Luk NH, Chui SF, Chan KC, Wong CY, Fu CL, Lee KY, Chan KT. 224 Malignancy associated pericardial effusion- do we need to drain them all? Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehz872.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
On Behalf
Cardiac Team, Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Background
Management of significant pericardial effusion in cancer patients is controversial. These patients have poor prognosis, and avoiding unnecessary intervention is important. Close monitoring of symptoms and echocardiogram is often a reasonable option, but inherits risk of cardiac tamponade. Whether pericardial drainage by means of percutaneous pericardiocentesis or surgical pericardiotomy could prevent future deterioration or affect survival is unknown.
Purpose
To evaluate the benefit of elective pericardial drainage in malignancy associated pericardial effusion without echocardiographic or clinical evidence of tamponade effect.
Methods
From 1st Jul 2014 to 31st Dec 2017, all patients with new onset malignancy-associated pericardial effusion with size more than 1cm were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with clinical or echocardiographic evidence of cardiac tamponade were excluded. We compared pericardial drainage versus monitoring for short-term (30-day), mid-term (90-day) and long term (1 year) survival without need for drainage.
Results
101 patients were retrospectively analyzed. 40 (39.6%) patients underwent drainage. Overall median survival free from drainage was 4 months. There were no significant difference in short-term (30-day), mid-term (90-day) and long term (1-year) survival free from drainage or mortality between treatment and monitoring group. Size of pericardial effusion did not predict mortality or future need of drainage. Chemotherapy was associated with improved 30-day mortality (RR 0.53 CI 0.32-0.87 p = 0.025) but not survival free from drainage or longer term mortality.
Conclusion
Close monitoring could be a feasible strategy in cancer patients with significant pericardial effusion without tamponade effect.
Baseline characteristics Factor Drainage (n = 40) monitoring (n = 61) p-value method of drainage pericardiocentesis alone 17 NA pericardiotomy alone 13 both 10 Male 19 (47.5%) 27 (44.3%) 0.749 mean size (cm) 1.93 2.77 <0.001 mean age 60.9 63.1 0.357 on chemotherapy 27 (67.5%) 38 (62.3%) 0.593
Abstract 224 Figure. Survival free from drainage
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ho
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - P H Lee
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - T C So
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - M H Wong
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y H Fong
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C F Tsang
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y W Cheng
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - N H Luk
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S F Chui
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K C Chan
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C Y Wong
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C L Fu
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K Y Lee
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K T Chan
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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11
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Li R, Liu X, Wu R, Wang J, Li Z, Chan KC, Wang H, Wu Y, Lu Z. Flexible Honeycombed Nanoporous/Glassy Hybrid for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Generation. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1904989. [PMID: 31621969 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media urgently requires electrocatalysts concurrently possessing excellent activity, flexible free-standing capability, and low cost. A honeycombed nanoporous/glassy sandwich structure fabricated through dealloying metallic glass (MG) is reported. This free-standing hybrid shows outstanding HER performance with a very small overpotential of 37 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and a low Tafel slope of 30 mV dec-1 in alkaline media, outperforming commercial Pt/C. By alloying 3 at% Pt into the MG precursor, a honeycombed Pt75 Ni25 solid solution nanoporous structure, with fertile active sites and large contact areas for efficient HER, is created on the dealloyed MG surface. Meanwhile, the surface compressive lattice-strain effect is also introduced by substituting the Pt lattice sites with the smaller Ni atoms, which can effectively reduce the hydrogen adsorption energy and thus improve the hydrogen evolution. Moreover, the outstanding stability and flexibility stemming from the ductile MG matrix also make the hybrid suitable for practical electrode application. This work not only offers a reliable strategy to develop cost-effective and flexible multicomponent catalysts with low Pt usage for efficient HER, but also sheds light on understanding the alloying effects of the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiongjun Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruoyu Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - K C Chan
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhaoping Lu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Abbott TMC, Alarcon A, Allam S, Andersen P, Andrade-Oliveira F, Annis J, Asorey J, Avila S, Bacon D, Banik N, Bassett BA, Baxter E, Bechtol K, Becker MR, Bernstein GM, Bertin E, Blazek J, Bridle SL, Brooks D, Brout D, Burke DL, Calcino J, Camacho H, Campos A, Carnero Rosell A, Carollo D, Carrasco Kind M, Carretero J, Castander FJ, Cawthon R, Challis P, Chan KC, Chang C, Childress M, Crocce M, Cunha CE, D'Andrea CB, da Costa LN, Davis C, Davis TM, De Vicente J, DePoy DL, DeRose J, Desai S, Diehl HT, Dietrich JP, Dodelson S, Doel P, Drlica-Wagner A, Eifler TF, Elvin-Poole J, Estrada J, Evrard AE, Fernandez E, Flaugher B, Foley RJ, Fosalba P, Frieman J, Galbany L, García-Bellido J, Gatti M, Gaztanaga E, Gerdes DW, Giannantonio T, Glazebrook K, Goldstein DA, Gruen D, Gruendl RA, Gschwend J, Gutierrez G, Hartley WG, Hinton SR, Hollowood DL, Honscheid K, Hoormann JK, Hoyle B, Huterer D, Jain B, James DJ, Jarvis M, Jeltema T, Kasai E, Kent S, Kessler R, Kim AG, Kokron N, Krause E, Kron R, Kuehn K, Kuropatkin N, Lahav O, Lasker J, Lemos P, Lewis GF, Li TS, Lidman C, Lima M, Lin H, Macaulay E, MacCrann N, Maia MAG, March M, Marriner J, Marshall JL, Martini P, McMahon RG, Melchior P, Menanteau F, Miquel R, Mohr JJ, Morganson E, Muir J, Möller A, Neilsen E, Nichol RC, Nord B, Ogando RLC, Palmese A, Pan YC, Peiris HV, Percival WJ, Plazas AA, Porredon A, Prat J, Romer AK, Roodman A, Rosenfeld R, Ross AJ, Rykoff ES, Samuroff S, Sánchez C, Sanchez E, Scarpine V, Schindler R, Schubnell M, Scolnic D, Secco LF, Serrano S, Sevilla-Noarbe I, Sharp R, Sheldon E, Smith M, Soares-Santos M, Sobreira F, Sommer NE, Swann E, Swanson MEC, Tarle G, Thomas D, Thomas RC, Troxel MA, Tucker BE, Uddin SA, Vielzeuf P, Walker AR, Wang M, Weaverdyck N, Wechsler RH, Weller J, Yanny B, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Zuntz J. Cosmological Constraints from Multiple Probes in the Dark Energy Survey. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:171301. [PMID: 31107093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.171301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The combination of multiple observational probes has long been advocated as a powerful technique to constrain cosmological parameters, in particular dark energy. The Dark Energy Survey has measured 207 spectroscopically confirmed type Ia supernova light curves, the baryon acoustic oscillation feature, weak gravitational lensing, and galaxy clustering. Here we present combined results from these probes, deriving constraints on the equation of state, w, of dark energy and its energy density in the Universe. Independently of other experiments, such as those that measure the cosmic microwave background, the probes from this single photometric survey rule out a Universe with no dark energy, finding w=-0.80_{-0.11}^{+0.09}. The geometry is shown to be consistent with a spatially flat Universe, and we obtain a constraint on the baryon density of Ω_{b}=0.069_{-0.012}^{+0.009} that is independent of early Universe measurements. These results demonstrate the potential power of large multiprobe photometric surveys and pave the way for order of magnitude advances in our constraints on properties of dark energy and cosmology over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M C Abbott
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
| | - A Alarcon
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Allam
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - P Andersen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- University of Copenhagen, Dark Cosmology Centre, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark
| | - F Andrade-Oliveira
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - J Annis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Asorey
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-348, Korea
| | - S Avila
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - D Bacon
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - N Banik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B A Bassett
- African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6 Melrose Road, Muizenberg 7945, South Africa
- South African Astronomical Observatory, P.O.Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa
| | - E Baxter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - K Bechtol
- LSST, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
- Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - M R Becker
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - G M Bernstein
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - E Bertin
- CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - J Blazek
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
| | - S L Bridle
- Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - D Brooks
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - D Brout
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D L Burke
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Calcino
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - H Camacho
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP 05314-970, Brazil
| | - A Campos
- Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15312, USA
| | - A Carnero Rosell
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - D Carollo
- INAF, Astrophysical Observatory of Turin, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
| | - M Carrasco Kind
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - J Carretero
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - F J Castander
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Cawthon
- Physics Department, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1390, USA
| | - P Challis
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - K C Chan
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Chang
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Childress
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - M Crocce
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C E Cunha
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C B D'Andrea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - L N da Costa
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - C Davis
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - T M Davis
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - J De Vicente
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - D L DePoy
- George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J DeRose
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Desai
- Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
| | - H T Diehl
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J P Dietrich
- Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
| | - S Dodelson
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15312, USA
| | - P Doel
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - A Drlica-Wagner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - T F Eifler
- Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0065, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, California 91109, USA
| | - J Elvin-Poole
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J Estrada
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - A E Evrard
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - E Fernandez
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - B Flaugher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R J Foley
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - P Fosalba
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Frieman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - L Galbany
- PITT PACC, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - J García-Bellido
- Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Gatti
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - E Gaztanaga
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D W Gerdes
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - T Giannantonio
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kindom
- Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 München, Germany
| | - K Glazebrook
- Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - D A Goldstein
- California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Blvd, MC 249-17, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D Gruen
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R A Gruendl
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - J Gschwend
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - G Gutierrez
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - W G Hartley
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S R Hinton
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - D L Hollowood
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J K Hoormann
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - B Hoyle
- Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 München, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Huterer
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - B Jain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - D J James
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Jarvis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - T Jeltema
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - E Kasai
- South African Astronomical Observatory, P.O.Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa
- Department of Physics, University of Namibia, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pionierspark, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - S Kent
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - R Kessler
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - A G Kim
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Kokron
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E Krause
- Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0065, USA
| | - R Kron
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - K Kuehn
- Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - N Kuropatkin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - O Lahav
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - J Lasker
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - P Lemos
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kindom
| | - G F Lewis
- Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, A28, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - T S Li
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - C Lidman
- The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - M Lima
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP 05314-970, Brazil
| | - H Lin
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - E Macaulay
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - N MacCrann
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M A G Maia
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - M March
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - J Marriner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J L Marshall
- George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - P Martini
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R G McMahon
- Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kindom
| | - P Melchior
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Menanteau
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - R Miquel
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J J Mohr
- Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E Morganson
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - J Muir
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A Möller
- The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Millers Point, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - E Neilsen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R C Nichol
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - B Nord
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R L C Ogando
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
| | - A Palmese
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - Y-C Pan
- Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - H V Peiris
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - W J Percival
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. North, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - A A Plazas
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - A Porredon
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Prat
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - A K Romer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Roodman
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Rosenfeld
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A J Ross
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - E S Rykoff
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Samuroff
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15312, USA
| | - C Sánchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - E Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - V Scarpine
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - R Schindler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Schubnell
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - D Scolnic
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - L F Secco
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - S Serrano
- Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Sevilla-Noarbe
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Sharp
- The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - E Sheldon
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Bldg 510, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Smith
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - M Soares-Santos
- Brandeis University, Physics Department, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, USA
| | - F Sobreira
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia-LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
- Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - N E Sommer
- The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Millers Point, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - E Swann
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - M E C Swanson
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - G Tarle
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - D Thomas
- Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, United Kingdom
| | - R C Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M A Troxel
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - B E Tucker
- The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Millers Point, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - S A Uddin
- Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, California 91101, USA
| | - P Vielzeuf
- Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona) Spain
| | - A R Walker
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
| | - M Wang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - N Weaverdyck
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - R H Wechsler
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - J Weller
- Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Universitäts-Sternwarte, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 München, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B Yanny
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - B Zhang
- The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), Millers Point, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Y Zhang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Zuntz
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom
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13
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Jiang H, Li X, Jin C, Wang M, Liu C, Chan KC, Yang J. Early Diagnosis of Spastic Cerebral Palsy in Infants with Periventricular White Matter Injury Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 40:162-168. [PMID: 30545838 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Periventricular white matter injury is the common cause of spastic cerebral palsy. However, the early diagnosis of spastic cerebral palsy still remains a challenge. Our aim was to investigate whether infants with periventricular white matter injury with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy have unique lesions different from those in infants without cerebral palsy and to evaluate the efficiency of DTI in the early diagnosis of spastic cerebral palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Infants with periventricular white matter injury and controls underwent MR imaging at 6-18 months of age. Fractional anisotropy was calculated from DTI. Cerebral palsy was diagnosed by 24-30 months of age. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: infants with periventricular white matter injury with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy, infants with periventricular white matter injury without cerebral palsy, and controls. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and Automated Fiber Quantification were used to investigate intergroup differences. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of spastic cerebral palsy. Correlations between motor function scores and fractional anisotropy were evaluated along white matter tracts. RESULTS There were 20, 19, and 33 subjects in periventricular white matter injury with spastic cerebral palsy, periventricular white matter injury without cerebral palsy, and control groups, respectively. Decreased fractional anisotropy in the corticospinal tract was only observed in infants with periventricular white matter injury with spastic cerebral palsy, whereas decreased fractional anisotropy in the posterior thalamic radiation and genu and splenium of the corpus callosum was seen in both periventricular white matter injury subgroups. Fractional anisotropy in the corticospinal tract at the internal capsule level was effective in differentiating infants with periventricular white matter injury with spastic cerebral palsy from those without cerebral palsy by a threshold of 0.53, and it had strong correlations with motor function scores. CONCLUSIONS Corticospinal tract lesions play a crucial role in motor impairment related to spastic cerebral palsy in infants with periventricular white matter injury. Fractional anisotropy in the corticospinal tract at the internal capsule level could aid in the early diagnosis of spastic cerebral palsy with high diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jiang
- From the Department of Radiology (H.J., X.L., C.J., M.W., C.L., J.Y.), First Affiliated Hospital.,Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.J., J.Y.), Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - X Li
- From the Department of Radiology (H.J., X.L., C.J., M.W., C.L., J.Y.), First Affiliated Hospital
| | - C Jin
- From the Department of Radiology (H.J., X.L., C.J., M.W., C.L., J.Y.), First Affiliated Hospital
| | - M Wang
- From the Department of Radiology (H.J., X.L., C.J., M.W., C.L., J.Y.), First Affiliated Hospital
| | - C Liu
- From the Department of Radiology (H.J., X.L., C.J., M.W., C.L., J.Y.), First Affiliated Hospital
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Radiology (K.C.C.), School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - J Yang
- From the Department of Radiology (H.J., X.L., C.J., M.W., C.L., J.Y.), First Affiliated Hospital .,Department of Biomedical Engineering (H.J., J.Y.), Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Greenberg DA, Palen WJ, Chan KC, Jetz W, Mooers AØ. Evolutionarily distinct amphibians are disproportionately lost from human-modified ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1530-1540. [PMID: 30133091 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Humans continue to alter terrestrial ecosystems, but our understanding of how biodiversity responds is still limited. Anthropogenic habitat conversion has been associated with the loss of evolutionarily distinct bird species at local scales, but whether this evolutionary pattern holds across other clades is unknown. We collate a global dataset on amphibian assemblages in intact forests and nearby human-modified sites to assess whether evolutionary history influences susceptibility to land conversion. We found that evolutionarily distinct amphibian species are disproportionately lost when forested habitats are converted to alternative land-uses. We tested the hypothesis that grassland-associated amphibian lineages have both higher diversification and are pre-adapted to human landscapes, but found only weak evidence supporting this. The loss of evolutionarily distinct amphibians with land conversion suggests that preserving remnant forests will be vital if we aim to preserve the amphibian tree of life in the face of mounting anthropogenic pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - W J Palen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - W Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A Ø Mooers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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15
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Chan KC, Seow E, Lau G, Chan SP, Tham KY. Female Trauma Patients in the Emergency Department: Should their Injury Prevention Programme be Different? HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490790301000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background (1) To compare the characteristics of female and male trauma patients seen in the Emergency Department (ED) and (2) to determine if injury prevention programmes for women should be different. Methods A prospective survey was conducted for 11544 trauma patients, aged 15 years and above, who presented to the ED of an urban public hospital in Singapore over 6 months. The following data were collected: demography, place, type and mechanism of injury and subsequent disposition from the ED. Results Almost half (49.5%) the injuries sustained by females occurred at home, with low falls of less than 2 metres being the most common mechanism of injury (52.7%). Victims of domestic violence were predominantly female at p<0.0001. Conclusion Injury prevention programs for women should focus on home safety and low falls. Special assistance programs for the victims of domestic violence should be available in the ED as the latter may be their only access to safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- KC Chan
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433
| | - E Seow
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433
| | - G Lau
- Centre for Forensic Medicine, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - SP Chan
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Singapore
| | - KY Tham
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433
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16
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Deng Z, Zhang XH, Chan KC, Liu L, Li T. Fe-based metallic glass catalyst with nanoporous surface for azo dye degradation. Chemosphere 2017; 174:76-81. [PMID: 28157609 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, porous structures were introduced to the surface of Fe-based metallic glass ribbons for the first time by chemical treatment in order to increase the catalytic activity in the degradation of azo dyes. The results show that etching treatment in an HF solution with a volume concentration of 20% for 40 min leads to a porous structure on the FeSiBNb metallic glass with a dramatic increase in the specific surface area by 25 times. The much higher specific surface area of the porous ribbons greatly improves the catalytic activity in the degradation of Direct Blue 15 when compared with as-spun metallic ribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Deng
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; State Key Lab for Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - X H Zhang
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - K C Chan
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - L Liu
- State Key Lab for Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - T Li
- State Key Lab for Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Chen SH, Yue TM, Tsui CP, Chan KC. Flaw-induced plastic-flow dynamics in bulk metallic glasses under tension. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36130. [PMID: 27779221 PMCID: PMC5078772 DOI: 10.1038/srep36130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inheriting amorphous atomic structures without crystalline lattices, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are known to have superior mechanical properties, such as high strength approaching the ideal value, but are susceptible to catastrophic failures. Understanding the plastic-flow dynamics of BMGs is important for achieving stable plastic flow in order to avoid catastrophic failures, especially under tension, where almost all BMGs demonstrate limited plastic flow with catastrophic failure. Previous findings have shown that the plastic flow of BMGs displays critical dynamics under compression tests, however, the plastic-flow dynamics under tension are still unknown. Here we report that power-law critical dynamics can also be achieved in the plastic flow of tensile BMGs by introducing flaws. Differing from the plastic flow under compression, the flaw-induced plastic flow under tension shows an upward trend in the amplitudes of the load drops with time, resulting in a stable plastic-flow stage with a power-law distribution of the load drop. We found that the flaw-induced plastic flow resulted from the stress gradients around the notch roots, and the stable plastic-flow stage increased with the increase of the stress concentration factor ahead of the notch root. The findings are potentially useful for predicting and avoiding the catastrophic failures in tensile BMGs by tailoring the complex stress fields in practical structural-applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chen
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - T M Yue
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - C P Tsui
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - K C Chan
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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18
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Sun BA, Chen SH, Lu YM, Zhu ZG, Zhao YL, Yang Y, Chan KC, Liu CT. Origin of Shear Stability and Compressive Ductility Enhancement of Metallic Glasses by Metal Coating. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27852. [PMID: 27271435 PMCID: PMC4897694 DOI: 10.1038/srep27852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallic glasses (MGs) are notorious for the poor macroscopic ductility and to overcome the weakness various intrinsic and extrinsic strategies have been proposed in past decades. Among them, the metal coating is regarded as a flexible and facile approach, yet the physical origin is poorly understood due to the complex nature of shear banding process. Here, we studied the origin of ductile enhancement in the Cu-coating both experimentally and theoretically. By examining serrated shear events and their stability of MGs, we revealed that the thin coating layer plays a key role in stopping the final catastrophic failure of MGs by slowing down shear band dynamics and thus retarding its attainment to a critical instable state. The mechanical analysis on interplay between the coating layer and shear banding process showed the enhanced shear stability mainly comes from the lateral tension of coating layer induced by the surface shear step and the bonding between the coating layer and MGs rather than the layer thickness is found to play a key role in contributing to the shear stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Sun
- Centre For Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S H Chen
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Y M Lu
- Centre For Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Z G Zhu
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y L Zhao
- Centre For Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y Yang
- Centre For Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K C Chan
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - C T Liu
- Centre For Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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19
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Chen SH, Chan KC, Wang G, Wu FF, Xia L, Ren JL, Li J, Dahmen KA, Liaw PK. Loading-rate-independent delay of catastrophic avalanches in a bulk metallic glass. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21967. [PMID: 26912191 PMCID: PMC4766412 DOI: 10.1038/srep21967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The plastic flow of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is characterized by intermittent bursts of avalanches, and this trend results in disastrous failures of BMGs. In the present work, a double-side-notched BMG specimen is designed, which exhibits chaotic plastic flows consisting of several catastrophic avalanches under the applied loading. The disastrous shear avalanches have, then, been delayed by forming a stable plastic-flow stage in the specimens with tailored distances between the bottoms of the notches, where the distribution of a complex stress field is acquired. Differing from the conventional compressive testing results, such a delaying process is independent of loading rate. The statistical analysis shows that in the specimens with delayed catastrophic failures, the plastic flow can evolve to a critical dynamics, making the catastrophic failure more predictable than the ones with chaotic plastic flows. The findings are of significance in understanding the plastic-flow mechanisms in BMGs and controlling the avalanches in relating solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chen
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - K C Chan
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - G Wang
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - F F Wu
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - L Xia
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - J L Ren
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - J Li
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - K A Dahmen
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - P K Liaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical outcome (180-day mortality) of very elderly critically ill patients (age ≥80 years) and compare with those aged 60 to 79 years. DESIGN Historical cohort study. SETTING Regional hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Patients aged ≥60 years admitted between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013 to the Intensive Care Unit of the hospital. RESULTS Over 5 years, 4226 patients aged ≥60 years were admitted (55.5% total intensive care unit admissions), of whom 32.8% were aged ≥80 years. The proportion of patients aged ≥80 years increased over 5 years. As expected, those aged ≥80 years carried more significant co-morbidities and a higher disease severity compared with those aged 60 to 79 years. They required more mechanical ventilatory support, were less likely to receive renal replacement therapy, and had a higher intensive care unit/hospital/180-day mortality compared with those aged 60 to 79 years. Nonetheless, 71.8% were discharged home and 62.2% survived >180 days following intensive care unit admission. Cox regression analysis revealed that Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV-minus-Age score, emergency admission, intensive care unit admission due to cardiovascular problem, neurosurgical cases, presence of significant co-morbidities (diabetes mellitus, metastatic carcinoma, leukaemia, or myeloma), and requirement for mechanical ventilation independently predicted 180-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of critically ill patients aged ≥80 years increased over a 5-year period. Despite having more significant co-morbidities, greater disease severity, and higher intensive care unit/hospital/180-day mortality rate compared with those aged 60 to 79 years, 71.8% of those ≥80 years could be discharged home and 62.2% survived >180 days following intensive care unit admission. Disease severity, presence of co-morbidities, requirement for mechanical ventilation, emergency cases, and admission diagnosis independently predicted 180-day mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Shum
- Department of Intensive Care, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - H Y Wong
- Department of Intensive Care, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - W W Yan
- Department of Intensive Care, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
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Conn VS, Ruppar TM, Enriquez M, Cooper PS, Chan KC. Healthcare provider targeted interventions to improve medication adherence: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69:889-99. [PMID: 25728214 PMCID: PMC5673083 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review applied meta-analytic procedures to synthesise medication adherence (also termed compliance) interventions that focus on healthcare providers. DESIGN Comprehensive searching located studies testing interventions that targeted healthcare providers and reported patient medication adherence behaviour outcomes. Search strategies included 13 computerised databases, hand searches of 57 journals, and both author and ancestry searches. Study sample, intervention characteristics, design and outcomes were reliably coded. Standardised mean difference effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Heterogeneity was examined with Q and I(2) statistics. Exploratory moderator analyses used meta-analytic analogue of ANOVA and regression. RESULTS Codable data were extracted from 218 reports of 151,182 subjects. The mean difference effect size was 0.233. Effect sizes for individual interventions varied from 0.088 to 0.301. Interventions were more effective when they included multiple strategies. Risk of bias assessment documented larger effect sizes in studies with larger samples, studies that used true control groups (as compared with attention control), and studies without intention-to-treat analyses. CONCLUSION Overall, this meta-analysis documented that interventions targeted to healthcare providers significantly improved patient medication adherence. The modest overall effect size suggests that interventions addressing multiple levels of influence on medication adherence may be necessary to achieve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Conn
- School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - T M Ruppar
- School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - M Enriquez
- School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - P S Cooper
- School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - K C Chan
- School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Cordell KG, Arribas A, Chan KC. CLINICAL PATHOLOGIC CONFERENCE CASE 6: PROLIFERATIVE MAXILLARY MASS. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015; 119:e303-5. [PMID: 26153588 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2014.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Cheng Y, Ho RLKY, Chan KC, Kan R, Tung E, Lung HL, Yau WL, Cheung AKL, Ko JMY, Zhang ZF, Luo DZ, Feng ZB, Chen S, Guan XY, Kwong D, Stanbridge EJ, Lung ML. Anti-angiogenic pathway associations of the 3p21.3 mapped BLU gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncogene 2014; 34:4219-28. [PMID: 25347745 PMCID: PMC4761643 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zinc-finger, MYND-type containing 10 (ZMYND10), or more commonly called BLU, expression is frequently downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and many other tumors due to promoter hypermethylation. Functional evidence shows that the BLU gene inhibits tumor growth in animal assays, but the detailed molecular mechanism responsible for this is still not well understood. In current studies, we find that 93.5% of early-stage primary NPC tumors show downregulated BLU expression. Using a PCR array, overexpression of the BLU gene was correlated to the angiogenesis network in NPC cells. Moreover, expression changes of the MMP family, VEGF and TSP1, were often detected in different stages of NPC, suggesting the possibility that BLU may be directly involved in the microenvironment and anti-angiogenic activity in NPC development. Compared with vector-alone control cells, BLU stable transfectants, derived from poorly-differentiated NPC HONE1 cells, suppress VEGF165, VEGF189 and TSP1 expression at both the RNA and protein levels, and significantly reduce the secreted VEGF protein in these cells, reflecting an unknown regulatory mechanism mediated by the BLU gene in NPC. Cells expressing BLU inhibited cellular invasion, migration and tube formation. These in vitro results were further confirmed by in vivo tumor suppression and a matrigel plug angiogenesis assay in nude mice. Tube-forming ability was clearly inhibited, when the BLU gene is expressed in these cells. Up to 70-90% of injected tumor cells expressing increased exogenous BLU underwent cell death in animal assays. Overexpressed BLU only inhibited VEGF165 expression in differentiated squamous NPC HK1 cells, but also showed an anti-angiogenic effect in the animal assay, revealing a complicated mechanism regulating angiogenesis and the microenvironment in different NPC cell lines. Results of these studies indicate that alteration of BLU gene expression influences anti-angiogenesis pathways and is important for the development of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Cheng
- Department of Clinical Oncology/Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - R L K Y Ho
- Department of Clinical Oncology/Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology/Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - R Kan
- Department of Clinical Oncology/Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - E Tung
- Department of Clinical Oncology/Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - H L Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology/Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - W L Yau
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - A K L Cheung
- Department of Clinical Oncology/Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - J M Y Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology/Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Z F Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - D Z Luo
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Z B Feng
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - S Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Guan
- Department of Clinical Oncology/Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - D Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology/Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
| | - E J Stanbridge
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - M L Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology/Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
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Raphael KG, Tadinada A, Bradshaw JM, Janal MN, Sirois DA, Chan KC, Lurie AG. Osteopenic consequences of botulinum toxin injections in the masticatory muscles: a pilot study. J Oral Rehabil 2014; 41:555-63. [PMID: 24836732 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with temporomandibular muscle and joint disorder (TMJD) increasingly seek and receive treatment for their pain with botulinum toxin (BoNTA; botulinum toxin A). Used intramuscularly in therapeutic doses, it produces localised paresis. Such paresis creates risk of reduced bone mineral density, or 'disuse osteopenia'. Animal studies have frequently used BoNTA as a model of paralysis to induce bone changes within short periods. Osteopenic effects can be enduring in animals but have yet to be studied in humans. This is the first study in humans to examine bone-related consequences of BoNTA injections in the masticatory muscles, comparing oral and maxillofacial radiologists' ratings of trabecular bone patterns in the condyles of patients with TMJD exposed to multiple masticatory muscle injection sessions with BoNTA to a sample of patients with TMJD unexposed to masticatory muscle injections with BoNTA. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-derived images of bilateral condyles were evaluated in seven patients with TMJD receiving 2+ recent BoNTA treatment sessions for facial pain and nine demographically matched patients with TMJD not receiving BoNTA treatment. Two oral and maxillofacial radiologists evaluated CBCT images for evidence of trabecular changes consistent with osteopenia. Both evaluators noted decreased density in all participants exposed to BoNTA and in none of the unexposed participants (P < 0.001). No other abnormalities associated with reduced loading were detected. These findings need replication in a larger sample and over a longer time period, to ensure safety of patients with TMJD receiving multiple BoNTA injections for their pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Raphael
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
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Lung HL, Man OY, Yeung MC, Ko JMY, Cheung AKL, Law EWL, Yu Z, Shuen WH, Tung E, Chan SHK, Bangarusamy DK, Cheng Y, Yang X, Kan R, Phoon Y, Chan KC, Chua D, Kwong DL, Lee AWM, Ji MF, Lung ML. SAA1 polymorphisms are associated with variation in antiangiogenic and tumor-suppressive activities in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncogene 2014; 34:878-89. [PMID: 24608426 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a cancer that occurs in high frequency in Southern China. A previous functional complementation approach and the subsequent cDNA microarray analysis have identified that serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) is an NPC candidate tumor suppressor gene. SAA1 belongs to a family of acute-phase proteins that are encoded by five polymorphic coding alleles. The SAA1 genotyping results showed that only three SAA1 isoforms (SAA1.1, 1.3 and 1.5) were observed in both Hong Kong NPC patients and healthy individuals. This study aims to determine the functional role of SAA1 polymorphisms in tumor progression and to investigate the relationship between SAA1 polymorphisms and NPC risk. Indeed, we have shown that restoration of SAA1.1 and 1.3 in the SAA1-deficient NPC cell lines could suppress tumor formation and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The secreted SAA1.1 and SAA1.3 proteins can block cell adhesion and induce apoptosis in the vascular endothelial cells. In contrast, the SAA1.5 cannot induce apoptosis or inhibit angiogenesis because of its weaker binding affinity to αVβ3 integrin. This can explain why SAA1.5 has no tumor-suppressive effects. Furthermore, the NPC tumors with this particular SAA1.5/1.5 genotype showed higher levels of SAA1 gene expression, and SAA1.1 and 1.3 alleles were preferentially inactivated in tumor tissues that were examined. These findings further strengthen the conclusion for the defective function of SAA1.5 in suppression of tumor formation and angiogenesis. Interestingly, the frequency of the SAA1.5/1.5 genotype in NPC patients was ~2-fold higher than in the healthy individuals (P=0.00128, odds ratio=2.28), which indicates that this SAA1 genotype is significantly associated with a higher NPC risk. Collectively, this homozygous SAA1.5/1.5 genotype appears to be a recessive susceptibility gene, which has lost the antiangiogenic function, whereas SAA1.1 and SAA1.3 are the dominant alleles of the tumor suppressor phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - O Y Man
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - M C Yeung
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - J M Y Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - A K L Cheung
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - E W L Law
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Z Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - W H Shuen
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - E Tung
- 1] Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China [2] Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - S H K Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - D K Bangarusamy
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, Singapore
| | - Y Cheng
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - R Kan
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Y Phoon
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - D Chua
- 1] Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China [2] Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China [3] Comprehensive Oncology Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Happy Valley, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - D L Kwong
- 1] Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China [2] Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - A W M Lee
- 1] Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China [2] Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China [3] Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - M F Ji
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan City Hospital, Zhongshan, People's Republic of China
| | - M L Lung
- 1] Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China [2] Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
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Chan KC, Abrigo JM, Cheung TCY, Cheung SW, Siu DYW. Cerebral Perfusion Computed Tomography with a New Scanning Protocol and Reduced Scanning Time: Retrospective Review. Hong Kong J Radiol 2013. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1312154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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27
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Chan KC, Pharoah M, Lee L, Weinreb I, Perez-Ordonez B. Intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a review of the diagnostic imaging features of four jaw cases. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2013; 42:20110162. [PMID: 23524908 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this case series is to present the common features of intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma (IMC) of the jaws in plain film and CT imaging. Two oral and maxillofacial radiologists reviewed and characterized the common features of four biopsy-proven cases of IMC in the jaws in plain film and CT imaging obtained from the files of the Department of Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. The common features are a well-defined sclerotic periphery, the presence of internal amorphous sclerotic bone and numerous small loculations, lack of septae bordering many of the loculations, and expansion and perforation of the outer cortical plate with extension into surrounding soft tissue. Other characteristics include tooth displacement and root resorption. The four cases of IMC reviewed have common imaging characteristics. All cases share some diagnostic imaging features with other multilocular-appearing entities of the jaws. However, the presence of amorphous sclerotic bone and malignant characteristics can be useful in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Chan
- Department of Oral Radiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Shum HP, Chan KC, Kwan MC, Yan WW. Application of endotoxin and cytokine adsorption haemofilter in septic acute kidney injury due to Gram-negative bacterial infection. Hong Kong Med J 2013; 19:491-7. [PMID: 23650198 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj133910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endotoxins and cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of multi-organ failure and mortality in patients suffering from severe Gram-negative bacterial infection. The aim of this study was to determine whether in patients with such infections, use of a haemofilter with enhanced endotoxin haemoadsorption and cytokine removal properties helps to overcome organ dysfunction. DESIGN Prospective case series study with historical controls. SETTING A regional hospital in Hong Kong. PATIENTS From October 2011 to June 2012, patients with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury due to Gram-negative bacteria were recruited. Continuous venovenous haemofiltration using oXiris haemofilter was performed. The patients' APACHE (Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation) II and inclusion criteria matched those of a series of selected historical controls who had been treated with continuous venovenous haemofiltration using polysulfone-based haemofilter from 2009 to 2011. The percentage reduction in the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score by 24 and 48 hours, the percentage reduction of noradrenaline equivalent usage by 48 hours, as well as intensive care unit and hospital mortality in the two groups were compared. RESULTS Pre-treatment biochemical parameters and vasopressor use in the six patients undergoing the intervention and the 24 historical controls were similar. The mean circuit life of oXiris was about 61 hours. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was significantly reduced by 37% at 48 hours post-initiation of oXiris-continuous venovenous haemofiltration versus an increment of 3% in the historical controls. No significant side-effect was detected. Mortality was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION The haemofilter membrane with enhanced endotoxin adsorption and cytokine removal capacity was a safe alternative to traditional polysulfone-based continuous venovenous haemofiltration and expedited improvement in organ dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Shum
- Department of Intensive Care, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
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Shum HP, Chan KC, Yan WW. Alteco endotoxin hemoadsorption in Gram-negative septic shock patients. Crit Care 2013. [PMCID: PMC3642836 DOI: 10.1186/cc12006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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30
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Shum HP, Chan KC, Kwan MC, Yeung WT, Cheung WS, Yan WW. Timing for initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy in patients with septic shock and acute kidney injury. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3363779 DOI: 10.1186/cc10968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
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31
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Shum HP, Chan KC, Chow CC, Kho BC, Yan WW. Cast nephropathy with acute renal failure treated with high cut-off haemodialysis in a patient with multiple myeloma. Hong Kong Med J 2010; 16:489-492. [PMID: 21135429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a Chinese woman who presented with multiple myeloma and acute renal failure due to cast nephropathy, with an extremely high serum lambda free light chain concentration. She was successfully treated with chemotherapy and high cut-off extended haemodialysis. High cut-off haemodialysis is a new treatment modality which can achieve rapid free light chain clearance. This may contribute to a better renal outcome and overall prognosis for patients with multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Shum
- Department of Intensive Care, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong.
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Ma E, Lam T, Chan KC, Wong C, Chuang SK. Changing epidemiology of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Hong Kong, 2001-2009. Jpn J Infect Dis 2010; 63:422-426. [PMID: 21099093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the surveillance findings of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) collected from a general practitioner-based sentinel surveillance system and outbreaks reported by institutions and a laboratory-based enterovirus surveillance system in Hong Kong from 2001 to 2009. A seasonal peak was detected in the warmer months (May-July), along with a smaller winter peak (October-December) from 2006 onwards. The number of older children (>5 years) infected increased from 25.4% in 2001 to 33.0% in 2009 (P=0.01, Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test). Laboratory surveillance detected a cyclical high enterovirus 71 activity every 3 to 4 years. This activity was associated with a higher average hospitalization rate for HFMD patients in the outbreaks reported in the corresponding year, although the difference was only marginally significant (P=0.09, linear regression test). The changing epidemiology of HFMD warrants continuous surveillance in order to guide preventive public-health actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Ma
- Surveillance and Epidemiology Branch, Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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33
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Huang YL, Wang HL, Chan KC, Wu SY, Wong MS, Yeh SF, Lin CI. Size-effect induced short-range magnetic ordering in germanium nanostructures. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:4629-4634. [PMID: 21128469 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Formation of ordered magnetic states in germanium nanostructures embedded in SiO2 has been investigated. Samples with the nanostructures were prepared by sputtering deposition on Si(100) substrates, followed by thermal annealing in vacuum. Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy have been used to characterize the samples. Magnetic measurements were performed using a superconducting quantum interference device. Size-effect induced magnetic orderings in the germanium nanostructures were found to be present at room temperatures and below. Superparamagnetic behavior was observed at temperatures above 230 K, whereas thermal excitation of spin reorientation and magnetic coupling has been revealed at temperatures below 60 K. Inverted hysteresis loops with negative remanences and multiple plateaus revealed the ferri- or antiferromagnetic nature of the coupling. Inter-domain coupling and effect of magnetic anisotropy will be discussed based on the experimental results and simulations with a spin reorientation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Huang
- Department of Physics, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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Chau PH, Chan KC, Woo J. Hot weather warning might help to reduce elderly mortality in Hong Kong. Int J Biometeorol 2009; 53:461-468. [PMID: 19462184 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-009-0232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 04/19/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
While there was evidence on the relationship between extreme hot weather and the increase in mortality, particularly from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease (stroke), some researchers suggested that early warning systems might reduce mortality. In this study, the relationship between Very Hot Weather Warning (VHWW) and mortality was examined in the context of Hong Kong, which has a sub-tropical climate. An observational study was conducted on the daily number of deaths due to IHD and stroke in the Hong Kong elderly population (aged 65 or above) during summer (May-September) in 1997-2005. Totals of 4,281 deaths from IHD and 4,764 deaths from stroke occurred on days with maximum temperature reaching/exceeding 30.4 degrees C. Multiple linear regression models were used to study the association between VHWW and the daily mortality rates from IHD and from stroke, respectively. Results showed that absence of VHWW was associated with an increase of about 1.23 (95% CI: 0.32, 2.14) deaths from IHD and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.02, 1.92) deaths from stroke among the elderly per day. Public education is required to inform the elderly to take appropriate preventive measures and to remind the public to pay more care and attention to the elderly on days which are not considered to be stressful to the general public. Warning systems tailored for the elderly could also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Chau
- The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Zhao XG, Hui ES, Chan KC, Cai KX, Guo H, Lai PT, Wu EX. Identifying rodent olfactory bulb structures with micro-DTI. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2009; 2008:2028-31. [PMID: 19163092 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4649589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory bulb (OB) is one of the most developed systems in rodent models with complex neuronal organization and anatomical structures. MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a non-invasive technique to probe tissue microstructures by examining the diffusion characteristics of water molecules. This paper presents how different OB layers can be identified and quantitatively characterized by micro-DTI using a specially constructed micro-imaging radio frequency (RF) coil. High spatial resolution and high signal to noise ratio (SNR) DTI images of ex vivo rat OBs were obtained. Distinct contrasts were observed between various olfactory bulb layers in trace map, fractional anisotropy (FA) map and FA color map, all in consistency with the known OB neuroanatomy. These experimental results demonstrate the utility of micro-DTI in investigation of complex OB organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- X G Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, China.
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36
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Yen TS, Chan KC, Cheng YJ. Intraoperative coagulation was more interfered by HES 200/0.5 than normal saline in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2008; 49:679-684. [PMID: 18670387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Rapid fluid administration is often necessary for anesthesiologists to maintain intravascular volume in off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) with acceptable hematocrits. Postoperative hypocoagulation involving postoperative bleeding and hypercoagulation involving graft patency were focused in previous studies but bleeding and blood transfusion are often peaked during vascular anastomoses during OPCAB. This study is designed to investigate the sequential effects of intraoperative coagulation with normal saline and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution by thromboelastography (TEG) and standard coagulation tests (SCT). METHODS Twenty adult patients scheduled for OPCAB were enrolled in this study. After anesthetic induction, one group received HES 200/0.5 infusion up to 20 mL/kg and the other received 0.9% normal saline (NS) to maintain central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary artery occlusion pressures (PAOP). SCT and TEG were measured at T0 (baseline), T1 (after heparin 150 IU/kg, before vascular anastomoses), T2 (after protamine reversal), and T3 (24 hrs after the surgery) to compare the coagulation status. RESULTS Baseline data were comparable in both groups. The number of patient who need blood components is higher in HES group. Dilutional hypocoagulation was shown by a significant prolongation of R time at T1 and T2 but also returned comparable at T3 in both groups. K, a-angle, CI and G remained unchanged in NS group but significantly affected in HES group. A statistically significant interaction between groups and treatments on maximal amplitude (MA) (P<0.01) with more blood loss in HES group 24 hours postoperatively (P=0.05). International Normalized Ratio (INR) increased significantly at T2 and T3 in both groups. CONCLUSION A rapid infusion of either normal saline or HES solution to maintain intraoperative intravascular volume induce a significant diluted hypocoagulation during OPCAB. The use of HES solution has a prolonged dilutional hypocoagulation and a significant decrease of MA by specific platelet inhibition effects and more transfusion of blood components. All the above changes were not shown in standard coagulation tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Yen
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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37
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Tulsidas H, Ong YY, Chan KC. Aeromonas hydrophila bacteraemia and portal pyaemia. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:346-348. [PMID: 18418529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Aeromonas species uncommonly cause disease in humans. We report portal pyaemia secondary to Aeromonas hydrophila bacteraemia occurring in a 71-year-old Chinese man with no history of hepatobiliary disease or malignancy. He presented with fever, rigors and abdominal bloating for four days and was subsequently found to have Aeromonas hydrophila bacteraemia, portal vein thrombosis and a psoas abscess. He was treated with ciprofloxacin and had a good recovery. Aeromonas hydrophila infection is an uncommon cause of intestinal and extraintestinal infection in man, but must be suspected in immunocompromised hosts and in those exposed to brackish or salt water.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tulsidas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore 169608.
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Abstract
Initial percutaneous transcatheter palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome is now feasible. The primary procedures for palliation include stenting of the ductus arteriosus with a self expanding nitinol stent to secure an adequate systemic blood flow, placement of an internal pulmonary arterial band to protect the pulmonary vascular bed and to prevent pulmonary overcirculation, and widening of the interatrial communication by blade and balloon septostomy or static balloon dilation to decompress the left atrium. Anatomic variations of the ductus arteriosus have important implications for technical success with ductal stenting. Patients who have undergone complete transcatheter palliation with the internal pulmonary band appear to have less immediate morbidity at the time of transplant, with preserved integrity and growth of the branch pulmonary arteries at one year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Chan
- The Children's Hospital, The University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA.
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Abstract
A 41-year-old woman presented with the clinical features of methaemoglobinaemia after drinking Chinese herbal medicine. A life threatening methaemoglobin level of 68% was measured. Both clinical and laboratory diagnostic difficulties were encountered. The pitfalls of pulse oximeter, blood gas analysis and co-oximeter interpretation during diagnosis and after methylene blue administration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S W Chui
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Authority Toxicology Reference Laboratory
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Abstract
Interventional palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) could reduce the current morbidity and mortality. Stenting of the arterial duct is the critical interventional step for HLHS. We reviewed our experience with 40 consecutive patients with HLHS referred for stenting of the ductus arterious (DA). Thirty-nine of 40 (97%) infants had suitable anatomy and were successfully stented. The infants were grouped by orientation of the ductus in the frontal plane. Type 1 DA anatomy had a leftward loop at a mean orientation of 18 degrees from the vertical plane. Type 2 ductal anatomy was mesoverted, with a mean orientation of 7.1 degrees from the vertical plane. Type 3 ductal anatomy displayed a rightward axis, with a mean of -4 degrees rightward. Orientation of the DA was significantly related to length of the ductus, number of stents required for complete coverage, and technical and procedural complications. Type 1 DA occurred in 65% of patients, and there was 100% technical success, no mortality, and only an 8% incidence of complications. Type 2 anatomy occurred in 27% of patients and there was 100% success. However, the technical and procedural complications increased to approximately 50%. Type 3 ductal anatomy was seen in only 3 patients, 2 of whom were successfully stented. There was no procedural-related mortality, and all stented patients were weaned from prostaglandin. There were only two late complications (coarctation). We conclude that ductal stenting using self-expanding nitinol stents is successful in more than 95% of infants with HLHS. Patients with HLHS and favorable ductal anatomy should be considered for primary ductal stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Boucek
- University of Colorado, The Children's Hospital, Denver, CO 80218, USA
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Lee KH, Cheng MC, Chan KC, Wong KK, Yeung SSM, Lee KC, Ma QY, Yang ES. Performance of Large-Size Superconducting Coil in 0.21T MRI System. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2004; 51:2024-30. [PMID: 15536904 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2004.831539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A high-temperature superconductor (HTS) was used on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) receiver coils to improve image quality because of its intrinsic low electrical resistivity. Typical HTS coils are surface coils made of HTS thin-film wafers. Their applications are severely limited by the field of view (FOV) of the surface coil configuration, and the improvement in image quality by HTS coil is also reduced as the ratio of sample noise to coil noise increases. Therefore, previous HTS coils are usually used to image small in vitro samples, small animals, or peripheral human anatomies. We used large-size HTS coils (2.5-, 3.5-, and 5.5-in mean diameter) to enhance the FOV and we evaluated their performance through phantom and human MR images. Comparisons were made among HTS surface coils, copper surface coils, and cool copper surface coils in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and sensitivity profile of the images. A theoretical model prediction was also used to compare against the experimental result. We then selected several human body parts, including the wrist, feet, and head, to illustrate the advantage of HTS coil over copper coil when used in human imaging. The results show an SNR gain of 200% for 5.5-in HTS coil versus same size copper coils, while for 2.5- and 3.5-in coils it is 250%. We also address the various factors that affect the performance of large size HTS coils, including the coil-to-sample spacing due to cryogenic probe and the coil-loading effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lee
- Jockey Club MRI Engineering Center, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Chan KC, Wong SKH, Lee DWH, Mui WLM, Chan ACW, Ng EKW, Wu JCY, Sung JJY, Chung SCS. Short-term and long-term results of endoscopic balloon dilation for achalasia: 12 years' experience. Endoscopy 2004; 36:690-4. [PMID: 15280973 DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-825659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS This retrospective study reports 12 years' experience with pneumatic dilation treatment in patients with achalasia and attempts to define factors capable of predicting failure of endoscopic dilation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Consecutive patients with achalasia who received endoscopic balloon dilation were studied retrospectively. Repeat dilation was carried out if dysphagia persisted or recurred. A structured symptom score questionnaire (the Eckardt score) was conducted by phone with patients who had received dilation and had been followed up for more than 2 years. Failure was defined as the presence of significant dysphagic symptoms after more than two repeat dilations. Data for the first 2 years (short-term) and for the subsequent follow-up (long-term) were analyzed. RESULTS From 1989 to 2001, 66 patients underwent endoscopic balloon dilation for achalasia; three perforations (4.5 %) occurred, with no mortalities. Dysphagic symptoms significantly improved 12 weeks after the procedure ( P < 0.05). Fourteen patients (20 %) required a second dilation procedure within a median of 7 months (range 1 - 52 months), and 13 of them underwent repeat dilations within the first 2 years. Five patients (7.5 %) required further surgical or endoscopic therapy. Fifty-eight patients received pneumatic dilation for more than 2 years; 32 (55 %) responded to the questionnaire. The mean dysphagia score was 1.7 (SD 1.2), with only five patients (16 %) having significant dysphagic symptoms during a median follow-up period of 55 months (range 26 - 130 months). The cumulative success rates for pneumatic dilation after 5 and 19 years were 74 % and 62 %, respectively. Cox regression analysis identified small balloon size (30 mm) as the only significant factor capable of predicting failure of endoscopic dilation ( P = 0.009; relative risk 5.3; 95 % confidence interval, 1.7 to 40.9). CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic balloon dilation is an effective treatment for achalasia, with minimal morbidity (60 % experience long-term benefit).
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Chan
- Dept. of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Poon CM, Chan KW, Lee DWH, Chan KC, Ko CW, Cheung HY, Lee KW. Two-port versus four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 2003; 17:1624-7. [PMID: 12874694 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-002-8718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2002] [Accepted: 10/01/2002] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been reported to be safe and feasible. However, whether it offers any additional advantages remains controversial. This study reports a randomized trial that compared the clinical outcomes of two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus conventional four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS One hundred and twenty consecutive patients who underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized to receive either the two-port or the four-port technique. All patients were blinded to the type of operation they underwent. Four surgical tapes were applied to standard four-port sites in both groups at the end of the operation. All dressings were kept intact until the first follow-up 1 week after surgery. Postoperative pain at the four sites was assessed on the first day after surgery using a 10-cm unscaled visual analog scale (VAS). Other outcome measures included analgesia requirements, length and difficulty of the operation, postoperative stay, and patient satisfaction score on surgery and scars. RESULTS Demographic data were comparable for both groups. Patients in the two-port group had shorter mean operative time (54.6 +/- 24.7 min vs 66.9 +/- 33.1 min for the four-post group; p = 0.03) and less pain at individual subcostal port sites [mean score using 10-cm unscaled VAS: 1.5 vs 2.8 ( p = 0.01) at the midsubcostal port site and 1.3 vs 2.3 ( p = 0.02) at the lateral subcostal port site]. Overall pain score, analgesia requirements, hospital stay, and patient satisfaction score on surgery and scars were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION Two-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in less individual port-site pain and similar clinical outcomes but fewer surgical scars compared to four-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Thus, it can be recommended as a routine procedure in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Poon
- Department of Surgery, North District Hospital, Sheung Shui, N. T., Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ma QY, Chan KC, Kacher DF, Gao E, Chow MS, Wong KK, Xu H, Yang ES, Young GS, Miller JR, Jolesz FA. Superconducting RF coils for clinical MR imaging at low field1. Acad Radiol 2003; 10:978-87. [PMID: 13678086 DOI: 10.1016/s1076-6332(03)00110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES A number of recent reports in the MRI literature have established that substantial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains can be achieved with small samples or low resonance frequencies, through the use of high-quality factor high-temperature superconducting (HTS) RF receive coils. We show the application of HTS coils to the imaging of human subjects with improved SNR compared with copper coils. MATERIALS AND METHODS HTS coils were constructed from 7.62-cm YBa2Cur3O7-delta thin films on LaAlO3 substrate and cooled in a liquid nitrogen cryostat. Human and phantom images were acquired on a 0.2-T scanner. The SNR improvements compared with equivalent-sized copper coils are reported. RESULTS SNR gains of 2.8-fold and 1.4-fold were observed in images of a phantom acquired with an HTS coil versus a room temperature copper coil and a liquid nitrogen-cooled copper coil, respectively. Preliminary results suggest higher image quality can be obtained in vivo with an HTS coil compared with copper coil imaging. Images of human orbit, brain, temporomandibular joint, and wrist are presented. CONCLUSION The experimental results show that benefits can be expected from application of HTS surface coils in human MR imaging with low-field scanners. These potential benefits justify the continued development of practical HTS coil imaging systems despite the considerable technical difficulties involved in cryostat and coil design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Ma
- The Jockey Club MRI Engineering Center, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Ma
- Dept. of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Boland GP, Mckeown A, Chan KC, Prasad R, Knox WF, Bundred NJ. Biological response to hormonal manipulation in oestrogen receptor positive ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Br J Cancer 2003; 89:277-83. [PMID: 12865917 PMCID: PMC2394241 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant antioestrogen therapy with tamoxifen is recommended for all women following breast-conserving surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to reduce local recurrence, despite 50% of lesions being oestrogen receptor (OR) negative. We have investigated the response to hormone manipulation in DCIS by studying changes in epithelial proliferation and progesterone receptor (PR) expression as surrogate molecular markers of treatment effects in DCIS of known OR status. Women were identified who had undergone diagnostic core biopsy followed by surgery for DCIS 14-41 days later. Ki67 (a measure of epithelial cell proliferation) and PR expression were determined by immunohistochemistry on paired paraffin sections of the core biopsy and operative specimens for each patient, with OR and HER-2 measured on the operative specimen. Women were divided into three groups according to whether they had changed hormone therapy (stopped hormone replacement therapy (HRT), group 1), continued taking HRT (group 2) or were not taking HRT (group 3) between core biopsy and surgery. In OR-positive (but not in OR-negative) DCIS after oestrogen withdrawal (group 1), a fall in the mean cell proliferation (P&<0.01) was observed. A fall in PR expression between core biopsy and surgery was also seen in this group (P=0.02). No change in either mean cell proliferation or PR expression was seen in the other two groups in OR-positive or -negative DCIS. The fall in proliferation and PR expression occurred regardless of HER-2 status. In conclusion, a biological response to hormone manipulation is only seen in OR-positive DCIS tumours. Any clinical value of antioestrogen therapy is likely to be restricted to this group.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biopsy
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery
- Cell Division
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/biosynthesis
- Tamoxifen/administration & dosage
- Tamoxifen/pharmacology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Boland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester M20 8LR, UK
| | - A Mckeown
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester M20 8LR, UK
| | - K C Chan
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester M20 8LR, UK
| | - R Prasad
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester M20 8LR, UK
| | - W F Knox
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester M20 8LR, UK
| | - N J Bundred
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester M20 8LR, UK
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester M20 8LR, UK. E-mail:
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Boland GP, Chan KC, Knox WF, Roberts SA, Bundred NJ. Value of the Van Nuys Prognostic Index in prediction of recurrence of ductal carcinoma in situ after breast-conserving surgery. Br J Surg 2003; 90:426-32. [PMID: 12673743 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Van Nuys Prognostic Index (VNPI), an algorithm based on tumour size, tumour grade, presence of necrosis and excision margin width, is claimed to predict local recurrence after breast-conserving surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The aim of this study was to examine the validity of the VNPI in a UK population. METHODS Clinicopathological data, including VNPI subgroups, for 237 patients who had breast-conserving operations for DCIS were examined. Multivariate data analysis was performed using a Cox regression model to examine the independence and relative importance of different variables in predicting recurrence, and to compare the data with those used in derivation of the VNPI. RESULTS The median follow-up was 47 months. There were 37 ipsilateral local recurrences. Excision margin width (P < 0.001) and tumour grade (by Van Nuys grading (P = 0.014) or simple nuclear grading (P = 0.004)) were the only independent risk factors for local recurrence. Excision margin width had three times more power than grade in predicting local recurrence. Subgrouping data by VNPI score predicted recurrence-free survival (P < 0.001), but stratified 78 per cent of patients into a group with a moderate risk of local recurrence. CONCLUSION Excision margin width is the most important predictor of local recurrence after breast-conserving surgery for DCIS. The VNPI lacked discriminatory power for guiding further patient management.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma in Situ/pathology
- Carcinoma in Situ/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Mastectomy/methods
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Necrosis
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Prognosis
- Regression Analysis
- Risk Factors
- Severity of Illness Index
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Boland
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, UK
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Poon CM, Lee DWH, Mak SK, Ko CW, Chan KC, Chan KW, Sin KS, Chan ACW. Two liters of polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution versus sodium phosphate as bowel cleansing regimen for colonoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Endoscopy 2002; 34:560-3. [PMID: 12170410 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-33207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS As a bowel cleansing agent for colonoscopy, sodium phosphate (NaP) has been reported to have equal effectiveness and better patient tolerance in comparison with 4 l polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage (PEG-EL) solution. Poor patient tolerance is frequently associated with a large amount of fluid consumed, and better patient tolerance might therefore be expected if the volume of PEG-EL solution could be reduced. This study aimed to compare 2 l PEG-EL solution with NaP in relation to patients' tolerance and its effectiveness as a bowel cleansing agent. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred consecutive patients admitted to the day-procedure ward for elective colonoscopy were prospectively randomized to receive either a 2-l PEG-EL solution or a 90-ml oral NaP regimen. Patients with a history of congestive heart failure, impaired renal function (creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl), or previous colectomy were excluded from the study. The patients completed a questionnaire to assess their tolerance of bowel preparation before the colonoscopy. Endoscopists, who were blinded to the type of regimen that had been used, scored the adequacy of bowel preparation from the rectum to cecum using a defined endoscopic score. RESULTS Two hundred patients were included in this randomized trial. Nine patients were excluded, due to either an incomplete questionnaire (two in the PEG-EL group, one in the NaP group) or inability to complete the bowel preparation regimen (four in the PEG-EL group and two in the NaP group). The demographic data were comparable in the two groups. There were no differences between the two groups with regard to willingness to repeat the regimen, ease of consumption, acceptability of the bowel preparation regimen, or the endoscopists' satisfaction with the quality of bowel preparation. The NaP group had a better mean endoscopic score at the cecum compared with the PEG-EL group (1.47 +/- 1.15 vs. 1.05 +/- 0.76; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness and patient tolerance of the 2-l PEG-EL solution is comparable with that of oral NaP. The 2-l PEG-EL solution is therefore an effective alternative as a bowel-cleansing agent for colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Poon
- Dept. of Surgery, North District Hospital, Sheung Shui, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Lin CP, Chan KC, Chou YM, Wang MJ, Tsai SK. Transoesophageal echocardiographic monitoring of pulmonary venous obstruction induced by sternotomy closure during infant heart transplantation. Br J Anaesth 2002; 88:590-2. [PMID: 12066740 DOI: 10.1093/bja/88.4.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of an infant receiving orthotopic heart transplantation with over-sized donor heart was reported. Left lower pulmonary venous obstruction after sternotomy closure was detected by transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) and the decision to delay sternal closure was made and the clinical outcome was very satisfactory. The usefulness of intraoperative TOE monitoring and postoperative TOE follow-up for infant heart transplantation, especially in those cases of size mismatch, was well demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei
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