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Pavithram A, Zhang H, Maloney KA, Ringdal M, Kaci A, Sagen JV, Kleinberger J, Jeng LJB, Njølstad PR, Pollin TI, Molnes J, Johansson BB. In Vitro Functional Analysis Can Aid Precision Diagnostics of HNF1B-MODY. J Mol Diagn 2024; 26:530-541. [PMID: 38575066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine relies on accurate and consistent classification of sequence variants. A correct diagnosis of hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 1B maturity-onset diabetes of the young, caused by pathogenic variants in the HNF1B gene, is important for optimal disease management and prognosis, and it has implications for genetic counseling and follow-up of at-risk family members. We hypothesized that the functional characterization could provide valuable information to assist the interpretation of pathogenicity of HNF1B variants. Using different in vitro functional assays, variants identified among 313 individuals, suspected to have monogenic diabetes with or without kidney disease, were characterized. The data from the functional assays were subsequently conjugated with obtained clinical, biochemical, and in silico data. Two variants (p.A167P, p.H336Pfs∗22) showed severe loss of function due to impaired transactivation, reduced DNA binding (p.A167P), and mRNA instability (p.A167P). Although both these variant carriers were diagnosed with diabetes, the p.H336Pfs∗22 carrier also had congenital absence of a kidney, which is a characteristic trait for HNF1B maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Functional analysis of the p.A167P variant revealed damaging effects on HNF-1B protein function, which may warrant imaging of the kidneys and/or pancreas. In addition, the current study has generated important data, including evidence supporting the benign functional impact of five variants (p.D82N, p.T88A, p.N394D, p.V458G, and p.T544A), and piloting new approaches that will prove critical for the growth of HNF1B-diabetes diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Pavithram
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Haichen Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Monika Ringdal
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alba Kaci
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jørn V Sagen
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jeffrey Kleinberger
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Linda J B Jeng
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janne Molnes
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Bente B Johansson
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Murphy R, Colclough K, Pollin TI, Ikle JM, Svalastoga P, Maloney KA, Saint-Martin C, Molnes J, Misra S, Aukrust I, de Franco E, Flanagan SE, Njølstad PR, Billings LK, Owen KR, Gloyn AL. The use of precision diagnostics for monogenic diabetes: a systematic review and expert opinion. Commun Med (Lond) 2023; 3:136. [PMID: 37794142 PMCID: PMC10550998 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00369-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monogenic diabetes presents opportunities for precision medicine but is underdiagnosed. This review systematically assessed the evidence for (1) clinical criteria and (2) methods for genetic testing for monogenic diabetes, summarized resources for (3) considering a gene or (4) variant as causal for monogenic diabetes, provided expert recommendations for (5) reporting of results; and reviewed (6) next steps after monogenic diabetes diagnosis and (7) challenges in precision medicine field. METHODS Pubmed and Embase databases were searched (1990-2022) using inclusion/exclusion criteria for studies that sequenced one or more monogenic diabetes genes in at least 100 probands (Question 1), evaluated a non-obsolete genetic testing method to diagnose monogenic diabetes (Question 2). The risk of bias was assessed using the revised QUADAS-2 tool. Existing guidelines were summarized for questions 3-5, and review of studies for questions 6-7, supplemented by expert recommendations. Results were summarized in tables and informed recommendations for clinical practice. RESULTS There are 100, 32, 36, and 14 studies included for questions 1, 2, 6, and 7 respectively. On this basis, four recommendations for who to test and five on how to test for monogenic diabetes are provided. Existing guidelines for variant curation and gene-disease validity curation are summarized. Reporting by gene names is recommended as an alternative to the term MODY. Key steps after making a genetic diagnosis and major gaps in our current knowledge are highlighted. CONCLUSIONS We provide a synthesis of current evidence and expert opinion on how to use precision diagnostics to identify individuals with monogenic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Auckland Diabetes Centre, Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand, Te Tokai Tumai, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Kevin Colclough
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer M Ikle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pernille Svalastoga
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cécile Saint-Martin
- Department of Medical Genetics, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Janne Molnes
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shivani Misra
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ingvild Aukrust
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisa de Franco
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah E Flanagan
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liana K Billings
- Division of Endocrinology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Skokie, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katharine R Owen
- Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Tobias DK, Merino J, Ahmad A, Aiken C, Benham JL, Bodhini D, Clark AL, Colclough K, Corcoy R, Cromer SJ, Duan D, Felton JL, Francis EC, Gillard P, Gingras V, Gaillard R, Haider E, Hughes A, Ikle JM, Jacobsen LM, Kahkoska AR, Kettunen JLT, Kreienkamp RJ, Lim LL, Männistö JME, Massey R, Mclennan NM, Miller RG, Morieri ML, Most J, Naylor RN, Ozkan B, Patel KA, Pilla SJ, Prystupa K, Raghavan S, Rooney MR, Schön M, Semnani-Azad Z, Sevilla-Gonzalez M, Svalastoga P, Takele WW, Tam CHT, Thuesen ACB, Tosur M, Wallace AS, Wang CC, Wong JJ, Yamamoto JM, Young K, Amouyal C, Andersen MK, Bonham MP, Chen M, Cheng F, Chikowore T, Chivers SC, Clemmensen C, Dabelea D, Dawed AY, Deutsch AJ, Dickens LT, DiMeglio LA, Dudenhöffer-Pfeifer M, Evans-Molina C, Fernández-Balsells MM, Fitipaldi H, Fitzpatrick SL, Gitelman SE, Goodarzi MO, Grieger JA, Guasch-Ferré M, Habibi N, Hansen T, Huang C, Harris-Kawano A, Ismail HM, Hoag B, Johnson RK, Jones AG, Koivula RW, Leong A, Leung GKW, Libman IM, Liu K, Long SA, Lowe WL, Morton RW, Motala AA, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Pankow JS, Pathirana M, Pazmino S, Perez D, Petrie JR, Powe CE, Quinteros A, Jain R, Ray D, Ried-Larsen M, Saeed Z, Santhakumar V, Kanbour S, Sarkar S, Monaco GSF, Scholtens DM, Selvin E, Sheu WHH, Speake C, Stanislawski MA, Steenackers N, Steck AK, Stefan N, Støy J, Taylor R, Tye SC, Ukke GG, Urazbayeva M, Van der Schueren B, Vatier C, Wentworth JM, Hannah W, White SL, Yu G, Zhang Y, Zhou SJ, Beltrand J, Polak M, Aukrust I, de Franco E, Flanagan SE, Maloney KA, McGovern A, Molnes J, Nakabuye M, Njølstad PR, Pomares-Millan H, Provenzano M, Saint-Martin C, Zhang C, Zhu Y, Auh S, de Souza R, Fawcett AJ, Gruber C, Mekonnen EG, Mixter E, Sherifali D, Eckel RH, Nolan JJ, Philipson LH, Brown RJ, Billings LK, Boyle K, Costacou T, Dennis JM, Florez JC, Gloyn AL, Gomez MF, Gottlieb PA, Greeley SAW, Griffin K, Hattersley AT, Hirsch IB, Hivert MF, Hood KK, Josefson JL, Kwak SH, Laffel LM, Lim SS, Loos RJF, Ma RCW, Mathieu C, Mathioudakis N, Meigs JB, Misra S, Mohan V, Murphy R, Oram R, Owen KR, Ozanne SE, Pearson ER, Perng W, Pollin TI, Pop-Busui R, Pratley RE, Redman LM, Redondo MJ, Reynolds RM, Semple RK, Sherr JL, Sims EK, Sweeting A, Tuomi T, Udler MS, Vesco KK, Vilsbøll T, Wagner R, Rich SS, Franks PW. Second international consensus report on gaps and opportunities for the clinical translation of precision diabetes medicine. Nat Med 2023; 29:2438-2457. [PMID: 37794253 PMCID: PMC10735053 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine is part of the logical evolution of contemporary evidence-based medicine that seeks to reduce errors and optimize outcomes when making medical decisions and health recommendations. Diabetes affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, many of whom will develop life-threatening complications and die prematurely. Precision medicine can potentially address this enormous problem by accounting for heterogeneity in the etiology, clinical presentation and pathogenesis of common forms of diabetes and risks of complications. This second international consensus report on precision diabetes medicine summarizes the findings from a systematic evidence review across the key pillars of precision medicine (prevention, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis) in four recognized forms of diabetes (monogenic, gestational, type 1, type 2). These reviews address key questions about the translation of precision medicine research into practice. Although not complete, owing to the vast literature on this topic, they revealed opportunities for the immediate or near-term clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine; furthermore, we expose important gaps in knowledge, focusing on the need to obtain new clinically relevant evidence. Gaps include the need for common standards for clinical readiness, including consideration of cost-effectiveness, health equity, predictive accuracy, liability and accessibility. Key milestones are outlined for the broad clinical implementation of precision diabetes medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre K Tobias
- Division of Preventative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordi Merino
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abrar Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Catherine Aiken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Rosie Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jamie L Benham
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dhanasekaran Bodhini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Amy L Clark
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Colclough
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Rosa Corcoy
- CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sara J Cromer
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daisy Duan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie L Felton
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ellen C Francis
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Véronique Gingras
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Romy Gaillard
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eram Haider
- Division of Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alice Hughes
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jennifer M Ikle
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Anna R Kahkoska
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jarno L T Kettunen
- Helsinki University Hospital, Abdominal Centre/Endocrinology, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raymond J Kreienkamp
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee-Ling Lim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Asia Diabetes Foundation, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jonna M E Männistö
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Robert Massey
- Division of Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Niamh-Maire Mclennan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel G Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mario Luca Morieri
- Metabolic Disease Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jasper Most
- Department of Orthopedics, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Rochelle N Naylor
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bige Ozkan
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kashyap Amratlal Patel
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Scott J Pilla
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katsiaryna Prystupa
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sridharan Raghavan
- Section of Academic Primary Care, US Department of Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mary R Rooney
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin Schön
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zhila Semnani-Azad
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magdalena Sevilla-Gonzalez
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pernille Svalastoga
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Wubet Worku Takele
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Ha-Ting Tam
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anne Cathrine B Thuesen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mustafa Tosur
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, USDA/ARS, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amelia S Wallace
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Caroline C Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessie J Wong
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Katherine Young
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Chloé Amouyal
- Department of Diabetology, APHP, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, NutriOmic team, Paris, France
| | - Mette K Andersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mingling Chen
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Feifei Cheng
- Health Management Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tinashe Chikowore
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sian C Chivers
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adem Y Dawed
- Division of Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Aaron J Deutsch
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura T Dickens
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda A DiMeglio
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VAMC, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - María Mercè Fernández-Balsells
- Biomedical Research Institute Girona, IdIBGi, Girona, Spain
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit Girona, University Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Hugo Fitipaldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stephanie L Fitzpatrick
- Institute of Health System Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Stephen E Gitelman
- University of California at San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, Diabetes Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A Grieger
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nahal Habibi
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chuiguo Huang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Arianna Harris-Kawano
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heba M Ismail
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Benjamin Hoag
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Sanford Children's Hospital, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- University of South Dakota School of Medicine, E Clark St, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Randi K Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angus G Jones
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Robert W Koivula
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aaron Leong
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria K W Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kai Liu
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - S Alice Long
- Center for Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William L Lowe
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert W Morton
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Science, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Ayesha A Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maleesa Pathirana
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sofia Pazmino
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinologyó, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dianna Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John R Petrie
- School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Camille E Powe
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alejandra Quinteros
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Rashmi Jain
- Sanford Children's Specialty Clinic, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Debashree Ray
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Sports and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Zeb Saeed
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vanessa Santhakumar
- Division of Preventative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Kanbour
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- AMAN Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sudipa Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gabriela S F Monaco
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Divsion of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cate Speake
- Center for Interventional Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maggie A Stanislawski
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nele Steenackers
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinologyó, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea K Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Norbert Stefan
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julie Støy
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Sok Cin Tye
- Sections on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marzhan Urazbayeva
- Division of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bart Van der Schueren
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinologyó, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Camille Vatier
- Sorbonne University, Inserm U938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Antoine University Hospital, National Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Paris, France
| | - John M Wentworth
- Royal Melbourne Hospital Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wesley Hannah
- Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Sara L White
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gechang Yu
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingchai Zhang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shao J Zhou
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jacques Beltrand
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U 10116, Paris, France
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U 10116, Paris, France
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hopital Necker Enfants Malades, APHP Centre, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ingvild Aukrust
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Elisa de Franco
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah E Flanagan
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew McGovern
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Janne Molnes
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mariam Nakabuye
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pål Rasmus Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hugo Pomares-Millan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Michele Provenzano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cécile Saint-Martin
- Department of Medical Genetics, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Global Center for Asian Women's Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sungyoung Auh
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Russell de Souza
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea J Fawcett
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Organizational Development, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Eskedar Getie Mekonnen
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Global Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Emily Mixter
- Department of Medicine and Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diana Sherifali
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Diabetes, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John J Nolan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Endocrinology, Wexford General Hospital, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Louis H Philipson
- Department of Medicine and Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Liana K Billings
- Division of Endocrinology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Skokie, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Prtizker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen Boyle
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John M Dennis
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jose C Florez
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria F Gomez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter A Gottlieb
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Siri Atma W Greeley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine and Kovler Diabetes Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kurt Griffin
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Irl B Hirsch
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Korey K Hood
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jami L Josefson
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Soo Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lori M Laffel
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Siew S Lim
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory for Molecular Epidemiology in Diabetes, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | - James B Meigs
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shivani Misra
- Division of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Diabetes Centre, Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
- Medical Bariatric Service, Te Whatu Ora Counties, Health New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Oram
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Katharine R Owen
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge, Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Division of Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Wei Perng
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rodica Pop-Busui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Maria J Redondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Pediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert K Semple
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Emily K Sims
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arianne Sweeting
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Helsinki University Hospital, Abdominal Centre/Endocrinology, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miriam S Udler
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly K Vesco
- Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Clinial Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Science, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Hellerup, Denmark.
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Maloney KA, Mizerik E, King RH, McGinnis EM, Perkowitz S, Diamonstein CJ, Schmanski AA, Saliganan S, Shipper AG, Udler MS, Guan Y, Pollin TI. Genetic counseling in diabetes mellitus: A practice resource of the National Society of Genetic Counselors. J Genet Couns 2023. [PMID: 37537905 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by hyperglycemia and its consequences, affecting over 34 million individuals in the United States and 422 million worldwide. While most diabetes is polygenic and is classified as type 1 (T1D), type 2 (T2D), or gestational diabetes (GDM), at least 0.4% of all diabetes is monogenic in nature. Correct diagnosis of monogenic diabetes has important implications for glycemic management and genetic counseling. We provide this Practice Resource to familiarize the genetic counseling community with (1) the existence of monogenic diabetes, (2) how it differs from more common polygenic/complex diabetes types, (3) the advantage of a correct diagnosis, and (4) guidance for identifying, counseling, and testing patients and families with suspected monogenic diabetes. This document is intended for genetic counselors and other healthcare professionals providing clinical services in any setting, with the goal of maximizing the likelihood of a correct diagnosis of monogenic diabetes and access to related care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A Maloney
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Robin H King
- Genetic Services, Everly Health, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Erin M McGinnis
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Andrew A Schmanski
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Banner University Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Andrea G Shipper
- Charles Library, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miriam S Udler
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yue Guan
- Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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5
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Murphy R, Colclough K, Pollin TI, Ikle JM, Svalastoga P, Maloney KA, Saint-Martin C, Molnes J, Misra S, Aukrust I, de Franco A, Flanagan SE, Njølstad PR, Billings LK, Owen KR, Gloyn AL. A Systematic Review of the use of Precision Diagnostics in Monogenic Diabetes. medRxiv 2023:2023.04.15.23288269. [PMID: 37131594 PMCID: PMC10153302 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.15.23288269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic forms of diabetes present opportunities for precision medicine as identification of the underlying genetic cause has implications for treatment and prognosis. However, genetic testing remains inconsistent across countries and health providers, often resulting in both missed diagnosis and misclassification of diabetes type. One of the barriers to deploying genetic testing is uncertainty over whom to test as the clinical features for monogenic diabetes overlap with those for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we perform a systematic evaluation of the evidence for the clinical and biochemical criteria used to guide selection of individuals with diabetes for genetic testing and review the evidence for the optimal methods for variant detection in genes involved in monogenic diabetes. In parallel we revisit the current clinical guidelines for genetic testing for monogenic diabetes and provide expert opinion on the interpretation and reporting of genetic tests. We provide a series of recommendations for the field informed by our systematic review, synthesizing evidence, and expert opinion. Finally, we identify major challenges for the field and highlight areas for future research and investment to support wider implementation of precision diagnostics for monogenic diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Diabetes Centre, Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand, Te Tokai Tumai, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kevin Colclough
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer M Ikle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pernille Svalastoga
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cécile Saint-Martin
- Department of Medical Genetics, AP-HP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Janne Molnes
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shivani Misra
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ingvild Aukrust
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - aiElisa de Franco
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah E Flanagan
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liana K Billings
- Division of Endocrinology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Skokie, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katharine R Owen
- Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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6
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Lynch MT, Maloney KA, Xu H, Perry JA, Center RG, Shuldiner AR, Mitchell BD. Associations of genome-wide and regional autozygosity with 96 complex traits in old order Amish. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:134. [PMID: 36941539 PMCID: PMC10029202 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autozygosity, the proportion of the genome that is homozygous by descent, has been associated with variation in multiple health-related traits impacting evolutionary fitness. Autozygosity (FROH) is typically measured from runs of homozygosity (ROHs) that arise when identical-by-descent (IBD) haplotypes are inherited from each parent. Population isolates with a small set of common founders have elevated autozygosity relative to outbred populations. METHODS In this study, we examined whether degree of autozygosity was associated with variation in 96 cardiometabolic traits among 7221 Old Order Amish individuals residing in Lancaster County, PA. We estimated the average length of an ROH segment to be 6350 KB, with each individual having on average 17.2 segments 1.5 KB or larger. Measurements of genome-wide and regional FROH were used as the primary predictors of trait variation in association analysis. RESULTS In genome-wide FROH analysis, we did not identify any associations that withstood Bonferroni-correction (p = 0.0005). However, on regional FROH analysis, we identified associations exceeding genome-wide thresholds for two traits: serum bilirubin levels, which were significantly associated with a region on chromosome 2 localized to a region surrounding UGT1A10 (p = 1 × 10- 43), and HbA1c levels, which were significantly associated with a region on chromosome 8 localized near CHRNB3 (p = 8 × 10- 10). CONCLUSIONS These analyses highlight the potential value of autozygosity mapping in founder populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T Lynch
- Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland, MD, USA.
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland, MD, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huichun Xu
- Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland, MD, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James A Perry
- Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland, MD, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Maryland, MD, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Kamen M, Hellwig LD, Maloney KA, Scott J, Turner C, Dixon S. Are genetic counselors prepared to counsel active-duty service members? A survey of genetic counselors' self-efficacy, counseling techniques, and knowledge of military policy. J Genet Couns 2022; 31:1363-1372. [PMID: 35950707 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the expected rise in genomic sequencing projects within the US Military and the increased availability of genetic testing to the United States as a whole, current and prospective active-duty service members (SMs) may undergo genetic counseling services in the civilian sector for pre-test and post-test counseling. The overall goal of this study was to better understand genetic counselors' preparedness to address military-specific policies and psychosocial needs of patients from this underrepresented population. Members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors were asked to complete a four-part survey including demographic information, Likert scale questions to separately rate self-efficacy when working with civilians and SMs, case scenarios with multiple-choice options and open-ended responses to assess knowledge of military policy, and open-ended questions regarding psychosocial scenarios related to military service. Eighty-eight responses were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel for the qualitive thematic analysis and SPSS/RStudio for the quantitative data. While over 75% (n = 69/88, SD = 0.48) of surveyed genetic counselors scored 4 of 4 on knowledge of military policy and reported similarly high levels of self-efficacy when working with SMs (mean = 26.77 out of 30, SD = 4.15) and the general population (mean = 27.99 out of 30, SD = 4.31), the qualitative data suggested an alternative perspective. Up to 57% (n = 50/88) of responses were scored as expressing low confidence concerning knowledge of military policy. One potential explanation for this uncertainty may be due to participants reporting that they never (69.32% (n = 61/88]) or are unsure if (12.50% (n = 11/88]) they received training related to providing counseling services to SMs. We suggest the establishment of educational initiatives for genetic counselors focusing on how to discuss genetic testing with SMs in relation to their health and safety, well-being, and potential employment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kamen
- Master's in Genetic Counseling Training Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lydia D Hellwig
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Scott
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Clesson Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shannan Dixon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Zhang H, Kleinberger JW, Maloney KA, Guan Y, Mathias TJ, Bisordi K, Streeten EA, Blessing K, Snyder MN, Bromberger LA, Goehringer J, Kimball A, Damcott CM, Taylor CO, Nicholson M, Nwaba D, Palmer K, Sewell D, Ambulos N, Jeng LJB, Shuldiner AR, Levin P, Carey DJ, Pollin TI. Model for Integration of Monogenic Diabetes Diagnosis Into Routine Care: The Personalized Diabetes Medicine Program. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1799-1806. [PMID: 35763601 PMCID: PMC9346978 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To implement, disseminate, and evaluate a sustainable method for identifying, diagnosing, and promoting individualized therapy for monogenic diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients were recruited into the implementation study through a screening questionnaire completed in the waiting room or through the patient portal, physician recognition, or self-referral. Patients suspected of having monogenic diabetes based on the processing of their questionnaire and other data through an algorithm underwent next-generation sequencing for 40 genes implicated in monogenic diabetes and related conditions. RESULTS Three hundred thirteen probands with suspected monogenic diabetes (but most diagnosed with type 2 diabetes) were enrolled from October 2014 to January 2019. Sequencing identified 38 individuals with monogenic diabetes, with most variants found in GCK or HNF1A. Positivity rates for ascertainment methods were 3.1% for clinic screening, 5.3% for electronic health record portal screening, 16.5% for physician recognition, and 32.4% for self-referral. The algorithmic criterion of non-type 1 diabetes before age 30 years had an overall positivity rate of 15.0%. CONCLUSIONS We successfully modeled the efficient incorporation of monogenic diabetes diagnosis into the diabetes care setting, using multiple strategies to screen and identify a subpopulation with a 12.1% prevalence of monogenic diabetes by molecular testing. Self-referral was particularly efficient (32% prevalence), suggesting that educating the lay public in addition to clinicians may be the most effective way to increase the diagnosis rate in monogenic diabetes. Scaling up this model will assure access to diagnosis and customized treatment among those with monogenic diabetes and, more broadly, access to personalized medicine across disease areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeffrey W Kleinberger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yue Guan
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Trevor J Mathias
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Katharine Bisordi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth A Streeten
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | | | - Lee A Bromberger
- Metabolism, Osteoporosis/Obesity, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Lipids (MODEL) Clinical Research, Research Division of Bay Endocrinology Associates, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Amy Kimball
- Harvey Institute for Human Genetics, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Coleen M Damcott
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Casey O Taylor
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michaela Nicholson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Devon Nwaba
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kathleen Palmer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Danielle Sewell
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nicholas Ambulos
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Linda J B Jeng
- Division of Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Philip Levin
- Bay West Endocrinology Associates, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Toni I Pollin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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9
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Lynch MT, Maloney KA, Pollin TI, Streeten EA, Puffenberger EG, Strauss KA, Shuldiner AR, Mitchell BD. Impact of parental relatedness on reproductive outcomes among the Old Order Amish of Lancaster County. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2119-2128. [PMID: 35442562 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Genetically isolated populations that arise due to recent bottleneck events have reduced genetic variation reflecting the common set of founders. Increased genetic relatedness among members of isolated populations puts them at increased risk for some recessive disorders that are rare in outbred populations. To assess the burden on reproductive health, we compared frequencies of adverse reproductive outcomes between Amish couples who were both heterozygous carriers of a highly penetrant pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant and noncarrier couples from the same Amish community. In addition, we evaluated whether overall genetic relatedness of parents was associated with reproductive outcomes. Of the 1824 couples included in our study, 11.1% were at risk of producing a child with an autosomal recessive disorder. Carrier couples reported a lower number of miscarriages compared to noncarrier couples (p = 0.02), although the number of stillbirths (p = 0.3), live births (p = 0.9), and number of pregnancies (p = 0.9) did not differ significantly between groups. In contrast, higher overall relatedness between spouses was positively correlated with number of live births (p < 0.0001), pregnancies (p < 0.0001), and stillbirths (p = 0.03), although not with the number of miscarriages (p = 0.4). These results highlight a complex association between relatedness of parents and reproductive health outcomes in this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T Lynch
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Streeten
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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- Regeneron Genetics Center LLC, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Lynch MT, Maloney KA, Pollin TI, Streeten EA, Xu H, Shuldiner AR, Van Hout CV, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Mitchell BD. The burden of pathogenic variants in clinically actionable genes in a founder population. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3476-3484. [PMID: 34467620 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Founder populations may be enriched with certain genetic variants of high clinical impact compared to nonfounder populations due to bottleneck events and genetic drift. Using exome sequencing (ES), we quantified the load of pathogenic variants that may be clinically actionable in 6136 apparently healthy adults living in the Lancaster, PA Old Order Amish settlement. We focused on variants in 78 genes deemed clinically actionable by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) or Geisinger's MyCode Health Initiative. ES revealed 3191 total variants among these genes including 480 nonsynonymous variants. After quality control and filtering, we applied the ACMG/AMP guidelines for variant interpretation and classified seven variants, across seven genes, as either pathogenic or likely pathogenic. Through genetic drift, all seven variants, are highly enriched in the Amish compared to nonfounder populations. In total, 14.7% of Lancaster Amish individuals carry at least one of these variants, largely explained by the 13% who harbor a copy of a single variant in APOB. Other studies report combined frequencies of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in actionable genes between 2.0% and 6.2% in outbred populations. The Amish population harbors fewer actionable variants compared to similarly characterized nonfounder populations but have a higher frequency of each variant identified, offering opportunities for efficient and cost-effective targeted precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T Lynch
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Streeten
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Huichun Xu
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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- Regeneron Genetics Center LLC, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Goodrich JK, Singer-Berk M, Son R, Sveden A, Wood J, England E, Cole JB, Weisburd B, Watts N, Caulkins L, Dornbos P, Koesterer R, Zappala Z, Zhang H, Maloney KA, Dahl A, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Atzmon G, Barajas-Olmos F, Barzilai N, Blangero J, Boerwinkle E, Bonnycastle LL, Bottinger E, Bowden DW, Centeno-Cruz F, Chambers JC, Chami N, Chan E, Chan J, Cheng CY, Cho YS, Contreras-Cubas C, Córdova E, Correa A, DeFronzo RA, Duggirala R, Dupuis J, Garay-Sevilla ME, García-Ortiz H, Gieger C, Glaser B, González-Villalpando C, Gonzalez ME, Grarup N, Groop L, Gross M, Haiman C, Han S, Hanis CL, Hansen T, Heard-Costa NL, Henderson BE, Hernandez JMM, Hwang MY, Islas-Andrade S, Jørgensen ME, Kang HM, Kim BJ, Kim YJ, Koistinen HA, Kooner JS, Kuusisto J, Kwak SH, Laakso M, Lange L, Lee JY, Lee J, Lehman DM, Linneberg A, Liu J, Loos RJF, Lyssenko V, Ma RCW, Martínez-Hernández A, Meigs JB, Meitinger T, Mendoza-Caamal E, Mohlke KL, Morris AD, Morrison AC, Ng MCY, Nilsson PM, O'Donnell CJ, Orozco L, Palmer CNA, Park KS, Post WS, Pedersen O, Preuss M, Psaty BM, Reiner AP, Revilla-Monsalve C, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Saleheen D, Schurmann C, Sim X, Sladek R, Small KS, So WY, Spector TD, Strauch K, Strom TM, Tai ES, Tam CHT, Teo YY, Thameem F, Tomlinson B, Tracy RP, Tuomi T, Tuomilehto J, Tusié-Luna T, van Dam RM, Vasan RS, Wilson JG, Witte DR, Wong TY, Burtt NP, Zaitlen N, McCarthy MI, Boehnke M, Pollin TI, Flannick J, Mercader JM, O'Donnell-Luria A, Baxter S, Florez JC, MacArthur DG, Udler MS. Determinants of penetrance and variable expressivity in monogenic metabolic conditions across 77,184 exomes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3505. [PMID: 34108472 PMCID: PMC8190084 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of thousands of genetic variants have been reported to cause severe monogenic diseases, but the probability that a variant carrier develops the disease (termed penetrance) is unknown for virtually all of them. Additionally, the clinical utility of common polygenetic variation remains uncertain. Using exome sequencing from 77,184 adult individuals (38,618 multi-ancestral individuals from a type 2 diabetes case-control study and 38,566 participants from the UK Biobank, for whom genotype array data were also available), we apply clinical standard-of-care gene variant curation for eight monogenic metabolic conditions. Rare variants causing monogenic diabetes and dyslipidemias display effect sizes significantly larger than the top 1% of the corresponding polygenic scores. Nevertheless, penetrance estimates for monogenic variant carriers average 60% or lower for most conditions. We assess epidemiologic and genetic factors contributing to risk prediction in monogenic variant carriers, demonstrating that inclusion of polygenic variation significantly improves biomarker estimation for two monogenic dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Goodrich
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Moriel Singer-Berk
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Son
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Abigail Sveden
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordan Wood
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eleina England
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joanne B Cole
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ben Weisburd
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nick Watts
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lizz Caulkins
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter Dornbos
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Koesterer
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zachary Zappala
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Haichen Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andy Dahl
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville and Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erwin Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nathalie Chami
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edmund Chan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juliana Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | | | - Emilio Córdova
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio (aka University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville and Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ma Eugenia Garay-Sevilla
- Department of Medical Science, División of Health Science, University of Guanjuato. Campus León. León, Guanjuato, Mexico
| | | | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Clicerio González-Villalpando
- Unidad de Investigacion en Diabetes y Riesgo Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Genetics Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Craig L Hanis
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nancy L Heard-Costa
- Boston University and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Malacara Hernandez
- Department of Medical Science, División of Health Science, University of Guanjuato. Campus León. León, Guanjuato, Mexico
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | | | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Greenland Centre for Health Research, University of Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Hyun Min Kang
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaspal Singh Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soo-Heon Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leslie Lange
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Oneomics Soonchunhyang Mirae Medical Center, Bucheon-si Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Lee
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - Donna M Lehman
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio (aka University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio), San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Ichan School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew D Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maggie C Y Ng
- Center for Diabetes Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Intramural Administration Management Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wendy S Post
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation (formerly Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Prof.-Dr.-Helmert-Str. 2-3, Potsdam, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute for Digital Health at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob Sladek
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wing Yee So
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claudia H T Tam
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Research Centre in Diabetes Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Farook Thameem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science & Technology, Macau, China
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Robert Larner M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The Robert Larner M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Genetics Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of International Health, National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxiología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston University and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology, and Cardiovascular Medicine, Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Noah Zaitlen
- Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Toni I Pollin
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jason Flannick
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne O'Donnell-Luria
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha Baxter
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G MacArthur
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miriam S Udler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Guo L, Torii S, Fernandez R, Braumann RE, Fuller DT, Paek KH, Gadhoke NV, Maloney KA, Harris K, Mayhew CM, Zarpak R, Stevens LM, Gaynor BJ, Jinnouchi H, Sakamoto A, Sato Y, Mori H, Kutyna MD, Lee PJ, Weinstein LM, Collado-Rivera CJ, Ali BB, Atmakuri DR, Dhingra R, Finn ELB, Bell MW, Lynch M, Cornelissen A, Kuntz SH, Park JH, Kutys R, Park JE, Wang L, Hong SN, Gupta A, Hall JL, Kolodgie FD, Romero ME, Jeng LJB, Mitchell BD, Surve D, Fowler DR, Hong CC, Virmani R, Finn AV. Genetic Variants Associated With Unexplained Sudden Cardiac Death in Adult White and African American Individuals. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 6:1013-1022. [PMID: 34076677 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Importance Unexplained sudden cardiac death (SCD) describes SCD with no cause identified. Genetic testing helps to diagnose inherited cardiac diseases in unexplained SCD; however, the associations between pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants of inherited cardiomyopathies (CMs) and arrhythmia syndromes and the risk of unexplained SCD in both White and African American adults living the United States has never been systematically examined. Objective To investigate cases of unexplained SCD to determine the frequency of P/LP genetic variants of inherited CMs and arrhythmia syndromes. Design, Setting, and Participants This genetic association study included 683 African American and White adults who died of unexplained SCD and were included in an autopsy registry. Overall, 413 individuals had DNA of acceptable quality for genetic sequencing. Data were collected from January 1995 to December 2015. A total of 30 CM genes and 38 arrhythmia genes were sequenced, and variants in these genes, curated as P/LP, were examined to study their frequency. Data analysis was performed from June 2018 to March 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures The frequency of P/LP variants for CM or arrhythmia in individuals with unexplained SCD. Results The median (interquartile range) age at death of the 413 included individuals was 41 (29-48) years, 259 (62.7%) were men, and 208 (50.4%) were African American adults. A total of 76 patients (18.4%) with unexplained SCD carried variants considered P/LP for CM and arrhythmia genes. In total, 52 patients (12.6%) had 49 P/LP variants for CM, 22 (5.3%) carried 23 P/LP variants for arrhythmia, and 2 (0.5%) had P/LP variants for both CM and arrhythmia. Overall, 41 P/LP variants for hypertrophic CM were found in 45 patients (10.9%), 9 P/LP variants for dilated CM were found in 11 patients (2.7%), and 10 P/LP variants for long QT syndrome were found in 11 patients (2.7%). No significant difference was found in clinical and heart characteristics between individuals with or without P/LP variants. African American and White patients were equally likely to harbor P/LP variants. Conclusions and Relevance In this large genetic association study of community cases of unexplained SCD, nearly 20% of patients carried P/LP variants, suggesting that genetics may contribute to a significant number of cases of unexplained SCD. Our findings regarding both the association of unexplained SCD with CM genes and race-specific genetic variants suggest new avenues of study for this poorly understood entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland.,currently with Bioscience Cardiovascular Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Sho Torii
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland.,currently with Department of Cardiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kristin A Maloney
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kathryn Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Laura M Stevens
- Institute for Precision Cardiovascular Medicine, American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas
| | - Brady J Gaynor
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Yu Sato
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Hiroyoshi Mori
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland.,currently with Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Parker J Lee
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Bakr B Ali
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Mack W Bell
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Megan Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ji-Eun Park
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Libin Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Susie N Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anuj Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer L Hall
- Institute for Precision Cardiovascular Medicine, American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | - Linda J B Jeng
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - David R Fowler
- Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Aloke V Finn
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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Streeten EA, See VY, Jeng LBJ, Maloney KA, Lynch M, Glazer AM, Yang T, Roden D, Pollin TI, Daue M, Ryan KA, Van Hout C, Gosalia N, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Economides A, Perry JA, O'Connell J, Beitelshees A, Palmer K, Mitchell BD, Shuldiner AR. KCNQ1 and Long QT Syndrome in 1/45 Amish: The Road From Identification to Implementation of Culturally Appropriate Precision Medicine. Circ Genom Precis Med 2020; 13:e003133. [PMID: 33141630 PMCID: PMC7748050 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. In population-based research exome sequencing, the path from variant discovery to return of results is not well established. Variants discovered by research exome sequencing have the potential to improve population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Streeten
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine (E.A.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., K.P., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Department of Medicine (E.A.S., V.Y.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Vincent Y See
- Department of Medicine (E.A.S., V.Y.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Division of Cardiolovascular Medicine (V.Y.S., T.I.P., K.P.), University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Linda B J Jeng
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine (E.A.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., K.P., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Department of Medicine (E.A.S., V.Y.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine (E.A.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., K.P., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Department of Medicine (E.A.S., V.Y.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Megan Lynch
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine (E.A.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., K.P., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Department of Medicine (E.A.S., V.Y.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Andrew M Glazer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (A.M.G., T.Y., D.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Tao Yang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (A.M.G., T.Y., D.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Pharmacology (T.Y., D.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Dan Roden
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine (A.M.G., T.Y., D.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Pharmacology (T.Y., D.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Biomedical Informatics (D.R.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine (E.A.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., K.P., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Department of Medicine (E.A.S., V.Y.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Division of Cardiolovascular Medicine (V.Y.S., T.I.P., K.P.), University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Melanie Daue
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine (E.A.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., K.P., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Department of Medicine (E.A.S., V.Y.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine (E.A.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., K.P., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Department of Medicine (E.A.S., V.Y.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Cristopher Van Hout
- Regeneron Genetics Center LLC, Tarrytown, NY (C.V.H., N.G., C.G.-J., A.E., A.R.S.)
| | - Nehal Gosalia
- Regeneron Genetics Center LLC, Tarrytown, NY (C.V.H., N.G., C.G.-J., A.E., A.R.S.)
| | | | - Aris Economides
- Regeneron Genetics Center LLC, Tarrytown, NY (C.V.H., N.G., C.G.-J., A.E., A.R.S.)
| | - James A Perry
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine (E.A.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., K.P., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Department of Medicine (E.A.S., V.Y.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Jeffrey O'Connell
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine (E.A.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., K.P., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Department of Medicine (E.A.S., V.Y.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Amber Beitelshees
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine (E.A.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., K.P., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Department of Medicine (E.A.S., V.Y.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Kathleen Palmer
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine (E.A.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., K.P., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Division of Cardiolovascular Medicine (V.Y.S., T.I.P., K.P.), University of Maryland School of Medicine
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine (E.A.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., K.P., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Department of Medicine (E.A.S., V.Y.S., L.B.J.J., K.A.M., M.L., T.I.P., M.D., K.A.R., J.A.P., J.O., A.B., B.D.M.), University of Maryland School of Medicine.,Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD (B.D.M.)
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Regeneron Genetics Center LLC, Tarrytown, NY (C.V.H., N.G., C.G.-J., A.E., A.R.S.)
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14
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Guan Y, Maloney KA, Pollin TI. Patient perspectives on the diagnostic journey to a monogenic diabetes diagnosis: Barriers and facilitators. J Genet Couns 2020; 29:1106-1113. [PMID: 32162750 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most monogenic diabetes is misdiagnosed as either type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D/T2D). Few studies have examined the diagnostic challenges from the patients' perspective. This qualitative study aimed to investigate patients' journeys to obtaining a diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) by elucidating the range of factors that can act as barriers and facilitators throughout this process. We recruited participants from the Personalized Diabetes Medicine Program (PDMP) at University of Maryland and used respondent-driven sampling to recruit additional patients. We conducted qualitative phone interviews between October 2016 and June 2017 with nine patients with diagnoses of monogenic diabetes (one HNF4A-MODY, seven GCK-MODY, and one HNF1A-MODY) and one parent of a patient with INS-MODY. Interview data were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed both inductively and deductively using thematic content analysis. All patients were female, with a mean age of 35 (range: 7-67 years). The amount of time these patients were misdiagnosed ranged from a few months to 41 years. We identified barriers and facilitators in three broad themes: (a) patient-related (nature of MODY symptoms, perceived test utility, individual personality); (b) provider-related (provider awareness and knowledge, provider communication); and (c) healthcare system-related (cost of testing, access to knowledgeable providers, patient education, and support resources). The diverse range of barriers and facilitators reiterates the complexity of the MODY diagnostic process. Limited awareness and knowledge of MODY from healthcare professionals and patients themselves account for most diagnostic delays described in this study. Efforts to promote awareness of MODY and expand access to screening and testing may result in quicker diagnosis and ensure the downstream benefits of proper treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guan
- Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Empey PE, Stevenson JM, Tuteja S, Weitzel KW, Angiolillo DJ, Beitelshees AL, Coons JC, Duarte JD, Franchi F, Jeng LJ, Johnson JA, Kreutz RP, Limdi NA, Maloney KA, Obeng AO, Peterson JF, Petry N, Pratt VM, Rollini F, Scott SA, Skaar TC, Vesely MR, Stouffer GA, Wilke RA, Cavallari LH, Lee CR. Multisite Investigation of Strategies for the Implementation of CYP2C19 Genotype-Guided Antiplatelet Therapy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:664-674. [PMID: 29280137 PMCID: PMC6019555 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CYP2C19 genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention is increasingly implemented in clinical practice. However, challenges such as selecting a testing platform, communicating test results, building clinical decision support processes, providing patient and provider education, and integrating methods to support the translation of emerging evidence to clinical practice are barriers to broad adoption. In this report, we compare and contrast implementation strategies of 12 early adopters, describing solutions to common problems and initial performance metrics for each program. Key differences between programs included the test result turnaround time and timing of therapy changes, which are both related to the CYP2C19 testing model and platform used. Sites reported the need for new informatics infrastructure, expert clinicians such as pharmacists to interpret results, physician champions, and ongoing education. Consensus lessons learned are presented to provide a path forward for those seeking to implement similar clinical pharmacogenomics programs within their institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip E. Empey
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - James M. Stevenson
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sony Tuteja
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kristin W. Weitzel
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Dominick J. Angiolillo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Amber L. Beitelshees
- Department of Medicine and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - James C. Coons
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Julio D. Duarte
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Francesco Franchi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Linda J.B. Jeng
- Department of Medicine and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Julie A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Rolf P Kreutz
- Department of Medicine, Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nita A. Limdi
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham AL
| | - Kristin A. Maloney
- Department of Medicine and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aniwaa Owusu Obeng
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai; and Pharmacy Department, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Josh F. Peterson
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Natasha Petry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Victoria M. Pratt
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Fabiana Rollini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Stuart A. Scott
- Department of Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY and Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT
| | - Todd C. Skaar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Mark R. Vesely
- Department of Medicine and Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - George A. Stouffer
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Russell A. Wilke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Larisa H. Cavallari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Craig R. Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Mills RA, Eichmeyer JN, Williams LM, Muskett JA, Schmidlen TJ, Maloney KA, Lemke AA. Patient Care Situations Benefiting from Pharmacogenomic Testing. Curr Genet Med Rep 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-018-0136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Maloney KA, Alaeddin DS, von Coelln R, Dixon S, Shulman LM, Schrader K, Guan Y. Parkinson’s Disease: Patients’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Interest in Genetic Counseling. J Genet Couns 2018; 27:1200-1209. [DOI: 10.1007/s10897-018-0239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abstract
The genetic architecture of diabetes mellitus in general and in pregnancy is complex, owing to the multiple types of diabetes that comprise both complex/polygenic forms and monogenic (largely caused by a mutation in a single gene) forms such as maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have complex genetic etiologies, with over 40 and 90 genes/loci, respectively, implicated that interact with environmental/lifestyle factors. The genetic etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus has largely been found to overlap that of T2D. Genetic testing for complex forms of diabetes is not currently useful clinically, but genetic testing for monogenic forms, particularly MODY, has important utility for determining treatment, managing risk in family members, and pregnancy management. In particular, diagnosing MODY2, caused by GCK mutations, indicates that insulin should not be used, including during pregnancy, with the possible exception of an unaffected pregnancy during the third trimester to prevent macrosomia. A relatively simple method for identifying women with MODY2 has been piloted. MODY1, caused by HNF4A mutations, can paradoxically cause neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and macrosomia, indicating that detecting these cases is also clinically important. Diagnosing all MODY types provides opportunities for diagnosing other family members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Toni I. Pollin
- To Whom Correspondence May Be Addressed: Toni I. Pollin, MS, PhD, 660 West Redwood Street, Room 445C, Baltimore, MD 21201, 410-706-1630,
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19
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Sullivan LL, Maloney KA, Towers AJ, Gregory SG, Sullivan BA. Human centromere repositioning within euchromatin after partial chromosome deletion. Chromosome Res 2016; 24:451-466. [PMID: 27581771 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-016-9536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Centromeres are defined by a specialized chromatin organization that includes nucleosomes that contain the centromeric histone variant centromere protein A (CENP-A) instead of canonical histone H3. Studies in various organisms have shown that centromeric chromatin (i.e., CENP-A chromatin or centrochromatin) exhibits plasticity, in that it can assemble on different types of DNA sequences. However, once established on a chromosome, the centromere is maintained at the same position. In humans, this location is the highly homogeneous repetitive DNA alpha satellite. Mislocalization of centromeric chromatin to atypical locations can lead to genome instability, indicating that restriction of centromeres to a distinct genomic position is important for cell and organism viability. Here, we describe a rearrangement of Homo sapiens chromosome 17 (HSA17) that has placed alpha satellite DNA next to euchromatin. We show that on this mutant chromosome, CENP-A chromatin has spread from the alpha satellite into the short arm of HSA17, establishing a ∼700 kb hybrid centromeric domain that spans both repetitive and unique sequences and changes the expression of at least one gene over which it spreads. Our results illustrate the plasticity of human centromeric chromatin and suggest that heterochromatin normally constrains CENP-A chromatin onto alpha satellite DNA. This work highlights that chromosome rearrangements, particularly those that remove the pericentromere, create opportunities for centromeric nucleosomes to move into non-traditional genomic locations, potentially changing the surrounding chromatin environment and altering gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC 3054, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC 3054, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Aaron J Towers
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Quintiles, 4820 Emperor Blvd., Durham, NC, 27703, USA
| | - Simon G Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Beth A Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, DUMC 3054, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. .,Quintiles, 4820 Emperor Blvd., Durham, NC, 27703, USA.
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Perry CG, Maloney KA, Beitelshees AL, Jeng LJB, Ambulos NP, Shuldiner AR, Blitzer MG. Educational innovations in clinical pharmacogenomics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 99:582-4. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CG Perry
- Program in Epidemiology and Human Genetics; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - KA Maloney
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - AL Beitelshees
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - LJB Jeng
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Pathology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - NP Ambulos
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - AR Shuldiner
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - MG Blitzer
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore Maryland USA
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21
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Overby CL, Maloney KA, Alestock TD, Chavez J, Berman D, Sharaf RM, Fitzgerald T, Kim EY, Palmer K, Shuldiner AR, Mitchell BD. Prioritizing Approaches to Engage Community Members and Build Trust in Biobanks: A Survey of Attitudes and Opinions of Adults within Outpatient Practices at the University of Maryland. J Pers Med 2015. [PMID: 26226006 PMCID: PMC4600147 DOI: 10.3390/jpm5030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Achieving high participation of communities representative of all sub-populations is needed in order to ensure broad applicability of biobank study findings. This study aimed to understand potentially mutable attitudes and opinions commonly correlated with biobank participation in order to inform approaches to promote participation in biobanks. Methods: Adults from two University of Maryland (UMD) Faculty Physicians, Inc. outpatient practices were invited to watch a video and complete a survey about a new biobank initiative. We used: Chi-square to assess the relationship between willingness to join the biobank and participant characteristics, other potentially mutable attitudes and opinions, and trust in the UMD. We also used t-test to assess the relationship with trust in medical research. We also prioritize proposed actions to improve attitudes and opinions about joining biobanks according to perceived responsiveness. Results: 169 participants completed the study, 51% of whom indicated a willingness to join the biobank. Willingness to join the biobank was not associated with age, gender, race, or education but was associated with respondent comfort sharing samples and clinical information, concerns related to confidentiality, potential for misuse of information, trust in UMD, and perceived health benefit. In ranked order, potential actions we surveyed that might alleviate some of these concerns include: increase chances to learn more about the biobank, increase opportunities to be updated, striving to put community concerns first, including involving community members as leaders of biobank research, and involving community members in decision making. Conclusions: This study identified several attitudes and opinions that influence decisions to join a biobank, including many concerns that could potentially be addressed by engaging community members. We also demonstrate our method of prioritizing ways to improve attitudes and opinions about joining a biobank according to perceived responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Lynnette Overby
- Program in Personalized & Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Center for Health-related Informatics and Bioimaging, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Program in Personalized & Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Tameka DeShawn Alestock
- Program in Personalized & Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Justin Chavez
- Program in Personalized & Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - David Berman
- Program in Personalized & Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Reem Maged Sharaf
- Program in Personalized & Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Tom Fitzgerald
- Program in Personalized & Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Program in Personalized & Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Korea.
| | - Kathleen Palmer
- Program in Personalized & Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Program in Personalized & Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Program in Personalized & Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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22
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Weidman JR, Dolinoy DC, Maloney KA, Cheng JF, Jirtle RL. Imprinting of OpossumIgf2rin the Absence of Differential Methylation and Air. Epigenetics 2014; 1:49-54. [DOI: 10.4161/epi.1.1.2592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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23
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Shuldiner AR, Palmer K, Pakyz RE, Alestock TD, Maloney KA, O'Neill C, Bhatty S, Schub J, Overby CL, Horenstein RB, Pollin TI, Kelemen MD, Beitelshees AL, Robinson SW, Blitzer MG, McArdle PF, Brown L, Jeng LJB, Zhao RY, Ambulos N, Vesely MR. Implementation of pharmacogenetics: the University of Maryland Personalized Anti-platelet Pharmacogenetics Program. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2014; 166C:76-84. [PMID: 24616408 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite a substantial evidence base, implementation of pharmacogenetics into routine patient care has been slow due to a number of non-trivial practical barriers. We implemented a Personalized Anti-platelet Pharmacogenetics Program (PAP3) for cardiac catheterization patients at the University of Maryland Medical Center and the Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center Patients' are offered CYP2C19 genetic testing, which is performed in our Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA)-certified Translational Genomics Laboratory. Results are returned within 5 hr along with clinical decision support that includes interpretation of results and prescribing recommendations for anti-platelet therapy based on the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines. Now with a working template for PAP3, implementation of other drug-gene pairs is in process. Lessons learned as described in this article may prove useful to other medical centers as they implement pharmacogenetics into patient care, a critical step in the pathway to personalized and genomic medicine.
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24
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Veerapandiyan A, Chinn IK, Schoch K, Maloney KA, Shashi V. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in association with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and a BRCA2 mutation. Eur J Med Genet 2011; 54:63-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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25
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Weidman JR, Maloney KA, Jirtle RL. Comparative phylogenetic analysis reveals multiple non-imprinted isoforms of opossum Dlk1. Mamm Genome 2006; 17:157-67. [PMID: 16465595 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-005-0116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Imprinted genes are monoallelically expressed in a parent-of-origin manner and were previously identified in both marsupials and eutherians, but not in monotremes. Phylogenetic comparison of imprinted domains is a powerful tool for investigating the molecular and adaptive evolution of this unique gene regulatory mechanism. Herein, we report that multiple transcripts of Dlk1 (Delta, Drosophila, Homolog-like 1) are expressed in the opossum, but none are imprinted. Thus, we provide the first example of a reciprocally imprinted gene domain in which imprinting evolved in a common ancestor to eutherian rather than therian mammals. Moreover, the reciprocally imprinted Meg3 (Maternally Expressed Gene 3), found downstream of Dlk1 in eutherian mammals, is absent in the opossum. We propose that the Meg3 sequence integrated into the eutherian Dlk1 domain via a LINE-1 element and that Dlk1 became imprinted in eutherian mammals only after this downstream integration. These findings clearly demonstrate that imprinted genes did not all evolve before the divergence of marsupials and eutherians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Weidman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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26
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Horwitz EM, Maloney KA, Ley TJ. A human protein containing a "cold shock" domain binds specifically to H-DNA upstream from the human gamma-globin genes. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:14130-9. [PMID: 8188694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously determined that a region between positions -228 and -189 upstream from the human gamma-globin genes can form an intramolecular triplex (H-DNA) in supercoiled plasmids. To identify proteins that might interact with this DNA structure, we performed expression cloning using an adult bone marrow cDNA library and the single-stranded region of the H-DNA structure as a probe. We cloned molecules very similar to two previously identified cDNAs, dbpA and dbpB. The dbpB-like protein (called BP-8 in this study) interacts specifically (KD approximately 4 nM) with two homopyrimidine "half-sites" in the single-stranded gamma-228 to -189 probe, but binds to double-stranded DNA containing the same sequence with 100-fold less affinity. We have also shown that supercoiled plasmids containing the gamma-228 to -189 region contain a high affinity binding site for BP-8 that is stabilized by factors that stabilize H-DNA; two HPFH point mutations (-202 C-->G or C-->T) that destabilize the secondary DNA structure abolish the high affinity binding site. Collectively, these data show that dbpB/BP-8 binds specifically to homopyrimidine half-sites in single-stranded DNA, and that it also binds to H-DNA structures that contain homopyrimidine tracts in the single-stranded and triple-stranded regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Horwitz
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri
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Abstract
We measured steady-state levels of the human globin mRNAs in liver samples from several mid-gestational fetuses. RNA from the epsilon, gamma, beta, zeta, theta, and alpha globin genes were present in fetal liver samples isolated from 10-25-wk embryos. The abundance of all human globin mRNAs declined in older fetuses, presumably because of a gradual reduction in the proportion of erythroid precursors in the liver as development proceeds. The gamma:beta globin mRNA ratio in 10-18-wk fetal erythroblasts was 6-7:1, and in adult erythroid bone marrow the ratio was 0.02:1. In fetal liver samples, the relative abundance of epsilon transcripts was less than 1% that of gamma, and zeta transcripts less than 5% that of alpha. Embryonic transcripts declined in abundance during late fetal development and were not detected in newborn liver or adult erythroid bone marrow. theta globin mRNA also represented a minor species (less than 1% that of alpha) in fetal liver samples, but in contrast to the embryonic mRNAs, was most abundant in adult marrow samples obtained from patients with erythroid hyperplasia. These results support the hypothesis that globin protein levels are regulated by the relative amounts of each globin mRNA at various stages of erythropoietic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Ley
- Department of Medicine, Jewish Hospital, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
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