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Llaneza AJ, Seward J, Holt A, Stephens LD. Oral Health Workforce and American Indian and Alaska Native Communities: a Systematic Review. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:248-254. [PMID: 36692659 PMCID: PMC10781823 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding the oral health workforce representing and serving American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities is vital to improving community dental health outcomes. No systematic review of recent published literature on the oral health workforce among this population has been completed. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of published literature examining the oral health workforce representing and serving AI/AN communities in the USA. We analyzed 12 articles according to the PRISMA Statement. RESULTS The studies suggested that AI/AN identity is an important aspect of routine and accessible oral healthcare. There are unique barriers and motivations that personnel in the oral health workforce face, let alone the distinctiveness of serving AI/AN communities. CONCLUSIONS This review provides evidence that expanded oral health positions aid in community members receiving more routine and preventative care and is an upstream public health approach that has diversified the dental workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Seward
- Southern Plains Tribal Health Board, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alex Holt
- Southern Plains Tribal Health Board, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lancer D Stephens
- Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Wei TH, Jervis LL, Jiang Y, Reinschmidt KM, Stephens LD, Zhang Y, Teasdale TA. Cultural Unintelligibility and Marital Pressure: A Grounded Theory of Minority Stigma Against Women with Same-Sex Attraction in Mainland China. Arch Sex Behav 2021; 50:3137-3154. [PMID: 34642837 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-02050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Minority stigma against sexual minority women and its contributions to these women's health disparities have been widely investigated in Western countries. By contrast, little has been known about minority stigma against women with same-sex attraction (WSSA) in mainland China. This study aimed at exploring the nature, genesis, and pathways of minority stigma among this rarely studied minority group in terms of China's unique social and cultural organization of gender and sexuality. A grounded theory approach was applied to 28 participants of Chinese WSSA through in-depth telephone interviews to elicit their views and perspectives anchored in their daily experiences with gender hierarchy and normative heterosexuality. Findings of this study identified marital pressure and cultural unintelligibility as two principal components of minority stigma against Chinese WSSA. A conceptual framework was developed to illustrate how minority stigma relies on the mutually reinforcing loop of martial pressure and culturally unintelligible status of female same-sex attraction to oppress Chinese WSSA within and across intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural levels. The parent-daughter relationship, laden with the Confucian value of filial piety, was highlighted as the major pathway of minority stigma to force Chinese women with same-sex attraction into heterosexual marriage and make female same-sex attraction culturally unintelligible. These findings lay a foundation for conceptualizing and measuring minority stigma of Chinese WSSA caused by the stigmatization of their same-sex attraction. Moreover, these findings would contribute greatly to understanding how cultural particularities critically affect the local process of stigmatization through which power relations and social control are practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao H Wei
- College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Lori L Jervis
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Yun Jiang
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kerstin M Reinschmidt
- College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Lancer D Stephens
- College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Thomas A Teasdale
- College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
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Abstract
Background American Indian adults have a higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with other racial groups. We implemented opportunistic screening to detect silent AF in American Indian adults attending a tribal health system using a mobile, single-lead ECG device. Methods and Results American Indian patients aged ≥50 years followed in a tribal primary care clinic with no history of AF underwent a 30-second ECG. A cardiologist overread all tracings to confirm the diagnosis of AF. After AF was confirmed, patients were referred to their primary care physician for initiation of anticoagulation. Patients seen over the same time period, who were not undergoing screening, served as controls. A total of 1019 patients received AF screening (mean age, 61.5±8.9 years, 62% women). Age and sex distribution of those screened was similar to the overall clinic population. New AF was diagnosed in 15 of 1019 (1.5%) patients screened versus 4 of 1267 (0.3%) patients who were not screened (mean difference, 1.2%; 95% CI, 0.3%-2.2%, P=0.002). Eight of 15 with new screen-detected AF were aged <65 years. Those with screen-detected AF were slightly older and had a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score than those without AF. Fourteen of 15 patients diagnosed with new AF had a CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥1 and initiated anticoagulation. Conclusions Opportunistic, mobile single-lead ECG screening for AF is feasible in tribal clinics, and detects more AF than usual care, leading to appropriate initiation of anticoagulation. AF develops at a younger age in American Indian adults who would likely benefit from earlier AF screening. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03740477.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Stavrakis
- Heart Rhythm Institute University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK
| | - Khaled Elkholey
- Heart Rhythm Institute University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK
| | | | - Zain U A Asad
- Heart Rhythm Institute University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK
| | - Lancer D Stephens
- Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources Center Oklahoma City OK
| | - Ben Freedman
- Heart Research Institute Charles Perkins Centre University of Sydney Australia
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Carroll DM, Wagener TL, Stephens LD, Brame LS, Thompson DM, Beebe LA. The relationship between nicotine metabolism and nicotine and carcinogen exposure among American Indian commercial cigarette smokers and electronic nicotine delivery system users. Addict Behav 2019; 92:58-63. [PMID: 30583092 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In American Indian (AI) tobacco users from the southern plains region of the US, we examined the relationship between nicotine and carcinogen exposure and nicotine metabolism. METHODS Smokers (n = 27), electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) users (n = 21), and dual users (n = 25) of AI descent were recruited from a southern plains state. Urinary biomarkers of nicotine metabolism (nicotine metabolite ratio [NMR]), nicotine dose (total nicotine equivalents [TNE]), and a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides [total NNAL] were measured. RESULTS The geometric mean of NMR was 3.35 (95% Confidence Interval(CI): 2.42, 4.65), 4.67 (95% CI: 3.39, 6.43), and 3.26 (95% CI: 2.44, 4.37) among smokers, ENDS users, and dual users. Each of the three user groups had relatively low levels of TNE, indicative of light tobacco use. Among smokers, there were inverse relationships between NMR and TNE (r = -0.45) and between NMR and NNAL (r = -0.50). Among dual users, NMR and TNE, and NMR and NNAL were not associated. Among ENDS users, NMR and TNE were not associated. CONCLUSIONS AI tobacco users with higher NMR did not have higher TNE or NNAL exposure than those with lower NMR. This supports prior work among light tobacco users who do not alter their tobacco consumption to account for nicotine metabolism. IMPACT The high prevalences of smoking and ENDS among AI in the southern plains may not be related to nicotine metabolism. Environmental and social cues may play a more important role in light tobacco users and this may be particularly true among AI light tobacco users who have strong cultural ties.
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Carroll DM, Brame LS, Stephens LD, Wagener TL, Campbell JE, Beebe LA. Community-Based Study Recruitment of American Indian Cigarette Smokers and Electronic Cigarette Users. J Community Health 2019; 43:186-192. [PMID: 28688060 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-017-0401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Data on the effectiveness of strategies for the recruitment of American Indians (AIs) into research is needed. This study describes and compares methods for identifying and recruiting AI tobacco users into a pilot study. Community-based strategies were used to recruit smokers (n = 35), e-cigarette users (n = 28), and dual users (n = 32) of AI descent. Recruitment was considered proactive if study staff contacted the individual at a pow wow, health fair, or vape shop and participation on-site or reactive if the individual contacted the study staff and participation occurred later. Screened, eligible, participated and costs and time spent were compared with Chi square tests. To understand AI descent, the relationship between number of AI grandparents and AI blood quantum was examined. Number of participants screened via the proactive strategy was similar to the reactive strategy (n = 84 vs. n = 82; p-value = 0.8766). A significantly greater proportion of individuals screened via the proactive than the reactive strategy were eligible (77 vs. 50%; p-value = 0.0002) and participated (75 vs. 39%; p-value = < 0.0001). Per participant cost and time estimated for the proactive strategy was $89 and 87 min compared to $79 and 56 min for the reactive strategy. Proportion at least half AI blood quantum was 32, 33, and 70% among those with 2, 3, and 4 AI grandparents, respectively (p = 0.0017). Proactive strategies resulted in two-thirds of the sample, but required more resources than reactive strategies. Overall, we found both strategies were feasible and resulted in the ability to reach sample goals. Lastly, number of AI biological grandparents may be a good, non-invasive indicator of AI blood quantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mowls Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Lacy S Brame
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lancer D Stephens
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Theodore L Wagener
- Department of Pediatrics, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Janis E Campbell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Laura A Beebe
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Smith BJ, Leyva MJ, Stephens LD, Aston CE, Hermann J, Payton M, Baker MZ. Relationship of American Indian blood quantum with osteoporosis risk: a cross-sectional study of American Indian women in Oklahoma. Osteoporos Int 2018; 29:2251-2260. [PMID: 29943190 PMCID: PMC9134873 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Information regarding the prevalence and risk of osteoporosis among American Indian (AI) women is limited. This study showed that with increasing AI blood quantum, the prevalence of osteoporosis at the hip based on BMD T-scores decreased and this appeared to be independent of other risk factors. INTRODUCTION This study was designed to investigate the effects of AI blood quantum (BQ) on osteoporosis prevalence and risk in a cohort of AI women in Oklahoma. METHODS Women (n = 301), aged 50 years and older, were recruited to participate in the Oklahoma American Indian Women's Osteoporosis Study. Baseline bone density, fracture history, bone biochemical markers, and potential risk factors were assessed. Participants were stratified by AI BQ into BQ1 ≤ 25%, BQ2 = 25-49%, BQ3 = 50-74%, and BQ4 = 75-100%. The effects of BQ on the prevalence and risk of osteoporosis were evaluated. RESULTS Based on T-scores, one in approximately eight women in the study was osteoporotic at one or more sites. The prevalence of osteoporosis decreased (p < 0.05) with increasing BQ, especially at the hip, trochanteric, and intertrochanter regions. No differences in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and C-telopeptide were observed across BQ that could account for the differences in bone density. 25-OH vitamin D decreased with increasing BQ, but mean for each BQ1-4 was > 40 ng/mL. Fracture history did not differ across BQ, and though 52% of the population consumed less than the RDA for calcium, no effect of BQ was observed. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of women who identified as AI, greater Indian BQ was associated with a decrease in the prevalence of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 420 Human Sciences, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - M J Leyva
- Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - L D Stephens
- Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - C E Aston
- Department of Pediatrics CMRI Metabolic Research Program, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - J Hermann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 420 Human Sciences, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - M Payton
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - M Z Baker
- Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Carroll DM, Wagener TL, Thompson DM, Stephens LD, Peck JD, Campbell JE, Beebe LA. Electronic nicotine delivery system use behaviour and loss of autonomy among American Indians: results from an observational study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e018469. [PMID: 29259060 PMCID: PMC5778282 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE American Indians (AI) have a high prevalence of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use. However, little information exists on (ENDS) use, either alone or in combination with cigarettes (dual use), among AI. The objective of this small-scaled study was to examine use behaviours and dependence among exclusive ENDS users and dual users of AI descent. Exclusive smokers were included for comparison purposes. SETTING Oklahoma, USA. PARTICIPANTS Adults of AI descent who reported being exclusive ENDS users (n=27), dual users (n=28) or exclusive cigarette smokers (n=27). MEASURES Participants completed a detailed questionnaire on use behaviours. The Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC) was used to assess loss of autonomy over cigarettes and was reworded for ENDS. Dual users completed the HONC twice. Sum of endorsed items indicated severity of diminished autonomy. Comparisons were made with non-parametric methods and statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. RESULTS Median duration of ENDS use was 2 years among ENDS users and 1 year among dual users. Most ENDS and dual users reported <20 vape sessions per day (72.0% vs 72.0%) with ≤10 puffs per vape session (70.4% vs 69.2%). Severity of diminished autonomy over ENDS was similar among ENDS and dual users (medians: 4 vs 3; P=0.6865). Among dual users, severity of diminished autonomy was lower for ENDS than cigarettes (medians: 3 vs 9; P=<0.0001). Comparing ENDS users with smokers, ENDS users had a lower severity of diminished autonomy (4 vs 8; P=0.0077). Comparing dual users with smokers, median severity of diminished autonomy over cigarettes did not differ (P=0.6865). CONCLUSIONS Severity of diminished autonomy was lower for ENDS than cigarettes in this small sample of AI. Future, adequately powered studies should be conducted to fully understand ENDS use patterns and dependence levels in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mowls Carroll
- Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Theodore L Wagener
- Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - David M Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lancer D Stephens
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jennifer D Peck
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Janis E Campbell
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Laura A Beebe
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Johnson VA, Edwards KA, Sherman SL, Stephens LD, Williams W, Adair A, Deer-Smith MH. Decisions to participate in fragile X and other genomics-related research: Native American and African American voices. J Cult Divers 2009; 16:127-135. [PMID: 19824292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The lack of adequate minority representation, including Native-Americans (NA) and African-Americans (AA), in health related research is well documented. Nowhere is this truer than in the area of genomics-related research, which is especially troubling as NA and AA have some of the highest rates of overall morbidity and mortality due to genetic diseases. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to explore factors associated with the under representation of NA and AA adults in genetic research including: (1) decision barriers, (2) the influence of health care networks, (3) recruitment preferences, and (4) health conditions. METHODS Eight focus groups were conducted, each by led by individuals who shared racial/cultural identification with participants. Adherence to tenants of Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) was maintained. Qualitative data were analyzed using NVIVO program analyses and the constant comparative method. RESULTS Themes supported the efficacy of CBPR to help demolish barriers while facilitating a willingness to participate in genetics-related research. CONCLUSIONS Community-based approaches may enhance representation of minorities in genomics-related research crucial to eliminating health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Johnson
- University of Oklahoma Health Service Center, College of Nursing, Oklahoma City, USA
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Stephens LD, Thomas RH, Kelly LS. A measurement of the average energy required to create an ion pair in nitrogen by 250 MeV/amu C6+ ions. Phys Med Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/21/6/516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
Current techniques for the detection and measurement of diacetylmorphine (heroin), morphine and their principal metabolite morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) are based mainly on chromatography or immunoassay. No enzymatic method for the detection of these compounds has yet been reported. Two novel microbial enzymes have been isolated and characterized in this laboratory: an acetylmorphine carboxyesterase (heroin esterase) and a morphine dehydrogenase (MDH). These highly specific enzymes have been incorporated in an amperometric assay for heroin and morphine using phenazine methosulphate as a mediator. The assay gives a rapid and sensitive response to heroin and morphine, with a detection limit for morphine of 6.8 micrograms ml-1 (23.7 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Holt
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, UK
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Bruce NC, Wilmot CJ, Jordan KN, Stephens LD, Lowe CR. Microbial degradation of the morphine alkaloids. Purification and characterization of morphine dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida M10. Biochem J 1991; 274 ( Pt 3):875-80. [PMID: 2012614 PMCID: PMC1149991 DOI: 10.1042/bj2740875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The NADP(+)-dependent morphine dehydrogenase that catalyses the oxidation of morphine to morphinone was detected in glucose-grown cells of Pseudomonas putida M10. A rapid and reliable purification procedure involving two consecutive affinity chromatography steps on immobilized dyes was developed for purifying the enzyme 1216-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity from P. putida M10. Morphine dehydrogenase was found to be a monomer of Mr 32,000 and highly specific with regard to substrates, oxidizing only the C-6 hydroxy group of morphine and codeine. The pH optimum of morphine dehydrogenase was 9.5, and at pH 6.5 in the presence of NADPH the enzyme catalyses the reduction of codeinone to codeine. The Km values for morphine and codeine were 0.46 mM and 0.044 mM respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by thiol-blocking reagents and the metal-complexing reagents 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2'-dipyridyl, suggesting that a metal centre may be necessary for activity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Bruce
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, U.K
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Abstract
This review introduces biosensors as analytical devices that respond selectively to analytes in appropriate samples and convert their concentrations into electrical signals via a combination of a biological recognition system and a suitable transducer. The last decade has seen dramatic advances in the design of sensor configurations, the marriage of biological systems with modern monolithic silicon and optical technologies, the development of effective electron-exchange systems and the introduction of direct immunosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Lowe
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, U.K
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Stephens LD. A Quest for Preeminence:
The Launching of Modern American Science, 1846-1876
. Robert V. Bruce. Knopf, New York, 1987. x, 446 pp. + plates. $30. The Impact of the Civil War. Science 1987; 237:1515-6. [PMID: 17816793 DOI: 10.1126/science.237.4821.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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McCaslin JB, Stephens LD, Thomas RH. Ground scattering contribution in neutron calibrations. Health Phys 1983; 44:437-439. [PMID: 6841110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Stephens LD. Joseph Leconte's evolutional idealism: a Lamarckian view of cultural history. J Hist Ideas 1978; 39:465-480. [PMID: 11610404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Stephens LD, Thomas RH, Kelly LS. A measurement of the average energy required to create an ion pair in nitrogen by 250 MeV/amu C6+ ions. Phys Med Biol 1976; 21:570-6. [PMID: 972922 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/21/4/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Patrick JW, Stephens LD, Thomas RH, Kelly LS. The design of an experiment to study leukemogenesis in mice irradiated by energetic heavy ions. Radiat Res 1975; 64:492-508. [PMID: 1197656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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