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Gyorfi N, Gal AR, Fincsur A, Kalmar-Nagy K, Mintal K, Hormay E, Miseta A, Tornoczky T, Nemeth AK, Bogner P, Kiss T, Helyes Z, Sari Z, Klincsik M, Tadic V, Lenard L, Vereczkei A, Karadi Z, Vizvari Z, Toth A. Novel Noninvasive Paraclinical Study Method for Investigation of Liver Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2449. [PMID: 37760890 PMCID: PMC10525796 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on a prior university patent, the authors developed a novel type of bioimpedance-based test method to noninvasively detect nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The development of a new potential NAFLD diagnostic procedure may help to understand the underlying mechanisms between NAFLD and severe liver diseases with a painless and easy-to-use paraclinical examination method, including the additional function to detect even the earlier stages of liver disease. The aim of this study is to present new results and the experiences gathered in relation to NAFLD progress during animal model and human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gyorfi
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag Str. 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Adrian Robert Gal
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag Str. 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscopic Laboratory, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andras Fincsur
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Karoly Kalmar-Nagy
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Mintal
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag Str. 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Edina Hormay
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag Str. 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Tornoczky
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Anita Katalin Nemeth
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Peter Bogner
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Sari
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag Str. 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Symbolic Methods in Material Analysis and Tomography Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pecs, Boszorkany Str. 6, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Technical Informatics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pecs, Boszorkany Str. 2, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Mihaly Klincsik
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag Str. 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Symbolic Methods in Material Analysis and Tomography Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pecs, Boszorkany Str. 6, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Department of Technical Informatics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pecs, Boszorkany Str. 2, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Vladimir Tadic
- Symbolic Methods in Material Analysis and Tomography Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pecs, Boszorkany Str. 6, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Information Technology, University of Dunaujvaros, Tancsics M. Str. 1/A, H-2401 Dunaujvaros, Hungary
- John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, University of Obuda, Becsi Str. 96/B, H-1034 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Lenard
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag Str. 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andras Vereczkei
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Karadi
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag Str. 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Vizvari
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag Str. 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Symbolic Methods in Material Analysis and Tomography Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pecs, Boszorkany Str. 6, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, University of Obuda, Becsi Str. 96/B, H-1034 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Pecs, Boszorkany Str. 2, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Attila Toth
- Medical and Engineering Multidisciplinary Cellular Bioimpedance Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Ifjusag Str. 20, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
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Peczely L, Ollmann T, Laszlo K, Lenard L, Grace AA. The D2-like Dopamine Receptor Agonist Quinpirole Microinjected Into the Ventral Pallidum Dose-Dependently Inhibits the VTA and Induces Place Aversion. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 25:590-599. [PMID: 35348731 PMCID: PMC9352176 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ventral pallidum (VP) is a dopaminoceptive forebrain structure regulating the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic population activity. We have recently demonstrated that in the VP, the D2-like dopamine (DA) receptor agonist quinpirole dose dependently facilitates memory consolidation in inhibitory avoidance and spatial learning. According to our hypothesis, quinpirole microinjected into the VP can modulate the VTA DAergic activity and influence motivation and learning processes of rats. METHODS Quinpirole was microinjected at 3 different doses into the VP of male rats, and controls received vehicle. Single unit recordings were employed to assess VTA DAergic activity. To investigate the possible reinforcing or aversive effect of quinpirole in the VP, the conditioned place preference paradigm was used. RESULTS Our results showed that intra-VP quinpirole microinjection regulates VTA DAergic neurons according to an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve. The largest dose of quinpirole decreased the population activity and strongly reduced burst activity of the DAergic neurons in the first hour after its application. In contrast, the 2 smaller doses increased DA population activity, but their effect started with a delay 1 hour after their microinjection. The CPP experiments revealed that the largest dose of quinpirole in the VP induced place aversion in the rats. Furthermore, the largest dose of quinpirole induced an acute locomotor activity reduction, while the medium dose led to a long-duration increase in locomotion. CONCLUSIONS In summary, quinpirole dose dependently regulates VTA DAergic activity as well as the motivation and motor behavior of the rats at the level of the VP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Peczely
- Correspondence: Laszlo Peczely, MD, PhD, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, PO Box 99, H-7602 Pécs, Hungary, Szigeti str. 12 ()
| | - Tamas Ollmann
- Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Neuropeptides, Cognition, Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Pecs, Hungary,Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary,Centre for Neuroscience, Pecs, Hungary,University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kristof Laszlo
- Neuropeptides, Cognition, Animal Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Pecs, Hungary,Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary,Centre for Neuroscience, Pecs, Hungary,University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Lenard
- Learning in Biological and Artificial Systems Research Group, Institute of Physiology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Molecular Neuroendocrinology and Neurophysiology Research Group, Szentagothai Research Centre, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Gilicze O, Simon D, Farkas N, Lantos M, Jancso G, Berki T, Lenard L. Characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations and cardiovascular markers in pericardial fluid of cardiac surgery patients. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 73:579-590. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-190594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Gilicze
- Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Diana Simon
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mate Lantos
- Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabor Jancso
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Timea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Lenard
- Heart Institute, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
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Kiss R, Farkas N, Jancso G, Kovacs K, Lenard L. Determination of frail state and association of frailty with inflammatory markers among cardiac surgery patients in a Central European patient population. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 76:341-350. [PMID: 31683468 DOI: 10.3233/ch-190681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the aging of the population, the screening of frail patients, especially before high-risk surgery, come to the fore. The background of the frail state is not totally clear, most likely inflammatory processes are involved in the development. METHODS Our survey of patients over age of 65 who were on cardiac surgery were performed with Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS). Patients' demographic, perioperative data, incidence of complications and correlations of inflammatory laboratory parameters were studied with the severity of the frail state. RESULTS On the basis of EFS, 313 patients were divided into non-frail (NF,163,52%), pre-frail (PF,89,28.5%) and frail (F,61,19.5%) groups. Number of complications in the three groups were different (NF:0.67/patient, PF:0.76/patient, F:1.08/patient). We showed significant difference between NF and F in both intensive care and hospital stay, but there was no statistical difference between the groups in hospital deaths (NF:5/163, PF:3/89, F:5/61). We also found a significant difference between NF and F patients in preoperative fibrinogen-, CRP- and white blood cell count levels. CONCLUSIONS We first present the incidence of frailty in patients with heart surgery in a Central-European population. According to our results, inflammatory processes are likely to play a role in the development of the frail state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Kiss
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary, and Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabor Jancso
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kovacs
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Lenard
- Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary, and Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Toth L, Gojak I, Pinter O, Lenard L, Mozolai L, Benczur B, Tornoczky T, Horvath I, Cziraki A, Bogner P. P373From the chest X-ray to cardiac surgery. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez109.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Toth
- University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - I Gojak
- University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - O Pinter
- University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - L Lenard
- University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - L Mozolai
- County Hospital, Cardiology, Szekszard, Hungary
| | - B Benczur
- County Hospital, Cardiology, Szekszard, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - P Bogner
- University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Orsi G, Perlaki G, Kovacs N, Aradi M, Papp Z, Karadi K, Szalay C, Karadi Z, Lenard L, Tenyi T, Plozer E, Gabriel R, Nagy F, Doczi T, Komoly S, Jokeit H, Schwarcz A, Janszky J. Body weight and the reward system: the volume of the right amygdala may be associated with body mass index in young overweight men. Brain Imaging Behav 2011; 5:149-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-011-9119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Miroshnichenko EV, Stavrovskaia AV, Shugalev NP, Lenard L, Hartmann G. [Emotional state variations in rats during recall of passive avoidance reactions after neurotensin administration into nucleus accumbens of the brain]. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova 2010; 60:704-711. [PMID: 21434406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral effects of neurotensin administration into the nucleus accumbens were studied in rats with neurotoxic lesions of serotoninergic structures of the dorsal raphe nucleus or periaqueductal grey matter. Changes in recall of passive avoidance conditioned reactions and aftereffects of painful stimulation in the locomotor activity were studied in the "open field" and elevated plus-maze and T-maze tests. The toxin administration into the dorsal raphe nucleus did not impair the recall of the passive avoidance reactions, but enhanced the oppressive aftereffects of painful stimulation, which can specify the development of anxiety in rats. The toxin administration into the periaqueductal grey matter had an opposite effect, which can be considered as a manifestation of the panic state. Neurotensin weakened the above mentioned effects of the toxin and, depending on the evoked emotional disorders, produced the anxiolytic or antipanic effects.
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Shugalev NP, Stavrovskaia AV, Ol'shnski AS, Hartmann G, Lenard L. [Involvement of serotoninergic brain structures in the mechanisms of neurotensin effect on passive avoidance in rats]. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova 2007; 57:352-7. [PMID: 17642377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to reveal the features of neurotensin (administered in substantia nigra or dorsal raphe nucleus) effect on recall of passive avoidance reactions in rats. It was shown that the effect of neurotensin injected into the substantia nigra was characterized by a sharp reduction of passive avoidance reactions. On the contrary, injection of the substance in the dorsal raphe nucleus led to an intensification of these reactions and delay of their extinction. The effects of microinjections of serotonin 1A receptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin (8-OH-DPAT), into the mentioned brain structures was similar to that of neurotensin. Changes in the content of serotonin and its metabolite 5- hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the caudate nucleus corresponded to various behavioral effects. The conclusion was made that neurotensin effect on the passive avoidance behavior is related to regulation of emotional state of animals mediated by its action on the function of the serotoninergic brain structures.
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Gasz B, Lenard L, Racz B, Benko L, Borsiczky B, Cserepes B, Gal J, Jancso G, Lantos J, Ghosh S, Szabados S, Papp L, Alotti N, Roth E. Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on cytokine network and myocardial cytokine production. Clin Cardiol 2006; 29:311-5. [PMID: 16881540 PMCID: PMC6654681 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960290708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to the well-investigated proinflammatory cytokine expression, there is an ever increasing interest in the field of anti-inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Evidence suggests that myocardium serves as an important source of cytokines during reperfusion and application of CPB. The effect of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) without CPB on myocardial cytokine production has not as yet been investigated. HYPOTHESIS Cardiopulmonary bypass can cause long-term disturbance in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance, which may impede a patient's recovery following surgery. Therefore, the effect of CPB on the balance of the pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines network and myocardial cytokine outflow was assessed throughout a longer period after surgery. METHODS Twenty patients were scheduled for CABG with CPB and 10 had off-pump surgery. Blood samples were taken before, during, and over the first week following surgery. Coronary sinus blood samples were collected during surgery. The ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was calculated and the cytokine concentration of peripheral and coronary sinus blood were compared in both groups. RESULTS Pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine ratio decreased early after CPB followed by a delayed and marked increase. A more balanced ratio was present following off-pump surgery. Coronary sinus levels of certain cytokines exceeded the concentration of systemic blood in the course of CPB but not during off-pump operation. CONCLUSION Patients show pro-inflammatory predominant cytokine balance at a later stage after CPB in contrast to those without CPB. The heart produces a remarkable amount of cytokines only in the course of surgery with CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gasz
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pecs, Hungary.
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Gasz B, Lenard L, Benko L, Borsiczky B, Szanto Z, Lantos J, Szabados S, Alotti N, Papp L, Roth E. Expression of CD97 and Adhesion Molecules on Circulating Leukocytes in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery. Eur Surg Res 2005; 37:281-9. [PMID: 16374010 DOI: 10.1159/000089237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leukocyte activation is thought to be responsible for the adverse effects and postoperative complications following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A novel cell surface molecule, CD97, is a sensitive marker of leukocyte and primary lymphocyte activation. The present study aimed to determine the activation of different leukocyte subsets by comparing the expression of CD97 and adhesion molecules (CD11, CD18) in patients receiving coronary surgery with or without CPB. METHODS 30 patients were enrolled and scheduled for coronary bypass surgery under CPB (20 patients, group A) and with off-pump (OP) operation (10 patients, group B). Blood samples were taken before and during surgery, and over the following first week. RESULTS Here, we report an early decrease in CD97 expression of granulocytes (PMN) and monocytes (MC) followed by an intensive increase reaching the maximum on postoperative days 2 and 3 in patients operated with CPB. The rate of active CD97-positive lymphocytes showed a marked, gradual increase until postoperative day 3 and remained elevated up to day 7 after CPB. OP surgery resulted in moderate alteration in the presence of CD97 on PMN, MC and lymphocytes. The expression of adhesion molecules was similar to CD97 in all leukocyte subsets. CONCLUSION The findings about CD97 expression suggest considerable leukocyte activation following coronary bypass with CPB compared to OP surgery. The collected data show that the lymphocytes are highly activated and involved in leukocyte sequestration after CPB. Moreover, the importance of CD97 in CPB-related inflammatory response can be stated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gasz
- Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
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Shugalev IP, Ol'shanskiĭ AS, Lenard L, Hartmann G. [Effects of neurotensin on active and passive avoidance performance in rats with lesions of serotoninergic neurons]. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova 2005; 55:247-52. [PMID: 15895867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
After a lesion of serotoninergic neurons performed by administration of 5.7-dihydroxytriptamine into the dorsal raphe nucleus, effects of neurotensin microinjections into the substantia nigra on rat behavior were investigated. Serotoninergic lesions resulted in enhanced fear of rats manifested as an increase in the number of intersignal avoidance reactions and intensification of escape reactions. Neurotensin microinjections into the substantia nigra diminished the neurotoxin action thus increasing the adaptive character of defensive behavior of rats with deficit of functions of serotonin neurons.
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Galosi R, Lenard L, Knoche A, Haas H, Huston JP, Schwarting RK. Dopaminergic effects of histamine administration in the nucleus accumbens and the impact of H1-receptor blockade. Neuropharmacology 2001; 40:624-33. [PMID: 11249972 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(00)00181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopamine system is thought to play a critical role in reward-related processes. A number of studies have shown that lesion or inhibition of histaminergic neurons acting through H1 receptors can potentiate the effects of drug-induced reward (e.g., psychostimulants and opioids) and can enhance the reinforcing effects of electrical stimulation of the brain. Since dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens is thought to provide a crucial link in these histaminergic actions, we examined the effects of local histamine application (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 micromol/l) on dopamine and its metabolites in the nucleus accumbens of anesthetized rats by means of unilateral reverse dialysis. To study the influence of H1 receptors, we also applied the H1-receptor antagonist pyrilamine (10.0 and 20.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) 20 min before histamine administration (1 mmol/l). Finally, pyrilamine (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 micromol/l) was locally administered into the nucleus accumbens. The data show that histamine can enhance extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens in a dose-dependent way. This increase was partially antagonized by prior peripheral administration of 10 mg/kg, and was completely blocked by 20 mg/kg, of pyrilamine. Finally, intra-accumbens administration of pyrilamine locally decreased dopamine and increased dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid levels. These data are discussed with respect to the possible interactions between dopaminergic and histaminergic mechanisms in the mesolimbic system and their relation to mechanisms of reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Galosi
- Institute of Physiology and Neurophysiology Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pecs University Medical School, Pecs, Hungary
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Wright JV, Lenard L. Natural testosterone: hormone of the heart. Int J Pharm Compd 1999; 3:88-98. [PMID: 23985549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Rolls ET, Critchley HD, Browning AS, Hernadi I, Lenard L. Responses to the sensory properties of fat of neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex. J Neurosci 1999; 19:1532-40. [PMID: 9952429 PMCID: PMC6786033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/1998] [Revised: 12/01/1998] [Accepted: 12/07/1998] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The primate orbitofrontal cortex is a site of convergence of information from primary taste, olfactory, and somatosensory cortical areas. We describe the responses of a population of single neurons in the orbitofrontal cortex that responds to fat in the mouth. The neurons respond, when fatty foods are being eaten, to pure fat such as glyceryl trioleate and also to substances with a similar texture but different chemical composition such as paraffin oil (hydrocarbon) and silicone oil [Si(CH3)2O)n]. This is evidence that the neurons respond to the oral texture of fat, sensed by the somatosensory system. Some of the population of neurons respond unimodally to the texture of fat. Other single neurons show convergence of taste inputs, and others of olfactory inputs, onto single neurons that respond to fat. For example, neurons were found that responded to the mouth feel of fat and the taste of monosodium glutamate (both found in milk), or to the mouth feel of fat and to odor. Feeding to satiety reduces the responses of these neurons to the fatty food eaten, but the neurons still respond to some other foods that have not been fed to satiety. Thus sensory-specific satiety for fat is represented in the responses of single neurons in the primate orbitofrontal cortex. Fat is an important constituent of food that affects its palatability and nutritional effects. The findings described provide evidence that the reward value (or pleasantness) of the mouth feel of fat is represented in the primate orbitofrontal cortex and that the representation is relevant to appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- E T Rolls
- University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford OX1 3UD, Great Britain
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Hernadi I, Karadi Z, Faludi B, Lenard L. Disturbances of neophobia and taste-aversion learning after bilateral kainate microlesions in the rat pallidum. Behav Neurosci 1997; 111:137-46. [PMID: 9109632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
These experiments aimed to elucidate feeding-associated behavioral roles of globus pallidus (GP) neurons in gustatory functions: The effects of bilateral microiontophoretic kainate (KA) lesions of the ventromedial pallidal (vmGP) region on neophobia and conditioned taste aversion (CTA) were studied. Lesioned rats displayed strong and persistent neophobia to a mild citric acid solution. Neuron-specific damage to the vmGP also prevented rats from proper acquisition of CTA. Rats that previously showed normal neophobia and successfully learned CTA demonstrated difficulties in CTA retention after GP lesions. KA-lesioned rats, in addition, exhibited deficits in orientation reactions but did not have aphagia, adipsia, or motor disturbances seen after larger pallidal lesions. These findings suggest that neurons of the GP are significant in acquisition, memory storage, and retrieval mechanisms of feeding-associated taste information.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hernadi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Janus Pannonius University, Pecs, Hungary
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Scott TR, Karadi Z, Oomura Y, Nishino H, Plata-Salaman CR, Lenard L, Giza BK, Aou S. Gustatory neural coding in the amygdala of the alert macaque monkey. J Neurophysiol 1993; 69:1810-20. [PMID: 8350125 DOI: 10.1152/jn.1993.69.6.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Neurons in the amygdala are implicated in mediating hedonic appreciation, emotional expression, and conditioning, particularly as these relate to feeding. The amygdala receives projections from the primary taste cortex in monkeys, offering a route by which it could gain access to the gustatory information required to guide feeding behavior. We recorded the activity of 35 neurons in the amygdala of alert rhesus macaques in response to a range of gustatory intensities and qualities to characterize taste-evoked activity in this area. 2. The stimulus array comprised 26 chemicals, including four concentrations of each of the four basic taste stimuli, a series of other sugars, salts, and acids, monosodium glutamate, and orange juice. 3. Neurons responsive to taste stimulation could be found in a 76-mm3 region of the amygdala, centered 9.1 mm lateral to the midline, 14.9 mm anterior to the interaural line, and 25.7 mm below the surface of the dura. They composed 7.2% (35/484) of the cells tested for gustatory sensitivity in the amygdala. 4. The mean spontaneous activity of taste cells was 8.2 +/- 2.3 (SE) spikes per second. This rather high level provided an opportunity for reductions from spontaneous rate that was used regularly in the amygdala. When these negative response rates were included, the mean breadth-of-tuning coefficient of this sample of taste cells was 0.82. There was no strong evidence for gustatory neuron types, nor were functionally similar cells located together in a chemotopic arrangement. 5. Responses across 1.5 log units of stimulus concentration were nearly flat, with increasing excitation in some neurons largely offset by increasing inhibition in others. Taking the absolute value of the evoked activity, concentration-response functions rose monotonically to all basic stimuli except HCl, but were not sufficiently steep to account for human psychophysical data. The neural response to HCl did not rise with stimulus concentration within the range used. 6. Neural patterns representing the taste qualities of the basic stimuli were less sharply separated in the amygdala than at lower-order gustatory relays. Glucose elicited activity patterns that were most distinct from those of the nonsweet chemicals; those associated with NaCl were next most distinct. There was no clear separation between the patterns generated by chemicals that humans describe as sour and bitter. Monosodium glutamate evoked responses that did not correlate well with those of any basic stimulus, implying that its quality cannot be subsumed under the four basic tastes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Scott
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Japan
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Karadi Z, Oomura Y, Nishino H, Scott T, Lenard L, Aou S. Differential properties of LHA neurons in the feeding control of alert rhesus monkeys. Appetite 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0195-6663(89)90202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Evenden JL, Marston HM, Jones GH, Giardini V, Lenard L, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW. Effects of excitotoxic lesions of the substantia innominata, ventral and dorsal globus pallidus on visual discrimination acquisition, performance and reversal in the rat. Behav Brain Res 1989; 32:129-49. [PMID: 2923657 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(89)80080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rats received infusions of ibotenic acid into the substantia innominata, in the region of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM), before and after training on simple (simultaneous) and conditional visual discriminations. The ibotenate infusions reduced cortical choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) levels by about 20%, destroyed many ChAT-immunoreactive neurons in the nbM, but also caused the loss of many neurons in the substantia innominata and adjacent areas. These lesions did not impair the acquisition and performance of a simple visual discrimination, but did impair reversal of the discrimination and the performance of a conditional visual discrimination. However, the degree of impairment was unrelated to the degree of cortical ChAT loss. Ibotenic acid lesions to the dorsal globus pallidus also impaired reversal of discrimination but left acquisition and performance unaffected. Striatal dopamine depletion produced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) infusions into the mid-ventral caudate nucleus impaired performance of the simultaneous visual discrimination. Cortical noradrenaline depletion produced by 6-OHDA lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle either alone or in combination with ibotenic acid lesions of the substantia innominata had no effect on acquisition of the discrimination. It is concluded that ibotenic acid lesions of the substantia innominata or to the dorsal globus pallidus affect learning and performance of conditional visual discrimination performance and impair reversal learning without affecting the capacity to discriminate visual events. These results are compared to those following cortical noradrenaline depletion or striatal dopamine loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Evenden
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, U.K
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Abstract
Rats learned to self-administer d-amphetamine (10 micrograms/microliter) through a cannula implanted in the nucleus accumbens. They responded more frequently for 65 +/- 15 nl of amphetamine than for equal amounts of saline. When presented with two levers (one amphetamine, one blank) they responded more on the correct lever for amphetamine. They would also switch levers, when necessary, to maintain access to the drug. When half the usual drug intake was given automatically, animals reduced their response rate by half, thus self-regulating the total amount of amphetamine they received. In tests for leakage into the ventricles, eight rats that self-injected with an accumbens cannula showed response extinction when switched to a ventricular cannula. We conclude that amphetamine self-injected into the accumbens is a positive reinforcer. This localization of 'amphetamine reward' suggests that the nucleus accumbens contains a synaptic mechanism underlying amphetamine abuse and, perhaps, also natural reinforcement of behavior.
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