1
|
Ussery E, McMaster M, Palace V, Parrott J, Blandford NC, Frank R, Kidd K, Birceanu O, Wilson J, Alaee M, Cunningham J, Wynia A, Clark T, Campbell S, Timlick L, Michaleski S, Marshall S, Nielsen K. Effects of metformin on wild fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) using in-lake mesocosms in a boreal lake ecosystem. Sci Total Environ 2024; 929:172457. [PMID: 38649046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to its widespread use for the treatment of Type-2 diabetes, metformin is routinely detected in surface waters globally. Laboratory studies have shown that environmentally relevant concentrations of metformin can adversely affect the health of adult fish, with effects observed more frequently in males. However, the potential risk to wild fish populations has yet to be fully elucidated and remains a topic of debate. To explore whether environmentally relevant metformin exposure poses a risk to wild fish populations, the present study exposed wild fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) to 5 or 50 μg/L metformin via 2 m diameter in-lake mesocosms deployed in a natural boreal lake in Northern Ontario at the International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area (IISD-ELA). Environmental monitoring was performed at regular intervals for 8-weeks, with fish length, weight (body, liver and gonad), condition factor, gonadosomatic index, liver-somatic index, body composition (water and biomolecules) and hematocrit levels evaluated at test termination. Metabolic endpoints were also evaluated using liver, brain and muscle tissue, and gonads were evaluated histologically. Results indicate that current environmental exposure scenarios may be sufficient to adversely impact the health of wild fish populations. Adult male fish exposed to metformin had significantly reduced whole body weight and condition factor and several male fish from the high-dose metformin had oocytes in their testes. Metformin-exposed fish had altered moisture and lipid (decrease) content in their tissues. Further, brain (increase) and liver (decrease) glycogen were altered in fish exposed to high-dose metformin. To our knowledge, this study constitutes the first effort to understand metformin's effects on a wild small-bodied fish population under environmentally relevant field exposure conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Ussery
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark McMaster
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vince Palace
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joanne Parrott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas C Blandford
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Richard Frank
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Kidd
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oana Birceanu
- Western University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Wilson
- McMaster University, Department of Biology, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehran Alaee
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessie Cunningham
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abby Wynia
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Clark
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheena Campbell
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren Timlick
- International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sonya Michaleski
- International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Stephanie Marshall
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristin Nielsen
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Marine Science, Port Aransas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Graves SD, Molbert N, Janz DM, Hayhurst LD, Brandt JE, Timlick L, Palace VP. Relationships among tissues, biofluids, and otolith selenium concentrations in wild female burbot (Lota lota). Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023. [PMID: 38041586 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
In the Lake Koocanusa-Kootenai River system (Montana, USA and British Columbia, Canada), selenium (Se) contamination has become an international concern and is suspected to contribute to the observed burbot (Lota lota) population collapse. Due to our limited ability to sample burbot in Lake Koocanusa for monitoring studies, we used a reference population to develop tools to model tissue Se disposition for a focal species in systems with elevated Se. Total Se concentrations in otoliths, biofluids (blood and endolymph), and tissues (muscle, liver, and ovary) from burbot in reference lakes in northwestern Ontario, Canada, were measured to document tissue-to-tissue Se relationships and evaluate the potential for otoliths to retrace Se exposure in fish. Among burbot tissue, Se concentrations were the highest in the ovary (mean ± SD = 4.55 ± 2.23 μg g-1 dry mass [dm]), followed by the liver (2.69 ± 1.96 μg g-1 dm) and muscle (1.87 ± 1.14 μg g-1 dm), and decreased with body size (p < 0.05). In otoliths, Se was detected at low levels (<1 μg g-1 ). Selenium concentrations in burbot samples were positively correlated among muscle, ovary, liver, and endolymph tissues, but not for the most recent annually averaged or lifetime-averaged Se concentrations in otoliths. We hypothesize that Se concentrations were too low in this study to establish links between otoliths and other fish tissues and to detect significant lifetime variation in individuals, and that further validation using archived otoliths from burbot exposed to elevated Se levels in Lake Koocanusa-Kootenai River is needed to reconstruct exposure histories. However, intercompartmental models proved valuable for estimating Se concentrations in burbot tissues only available by means of lethal sampling (i.e., ovary), although additional work should confirm whether the established models are reliable to predict concentrations in Se-impaired systems as tissue distributions are likely to differ with increasing Se levels. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;00:1-11. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noëlie Molbert
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - David M Janz
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lauren D Hayhurst
- International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jessica E Brandt
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lauren Timlick
- International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Vince P Palace
- International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Black TA, Paterson MJ, Timlick L, Cederwall J, Blais JM, Hollebone B, Orihel DM, Palace VP, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Hanson ML. The Challenges of Characterizing the Zooplankton Community Response Following Simulated Spills of Diluted Bitumen into Boreal Lake Limnocorrals. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2023; 110:46. [PMID: 36690874 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We attempted to characterize zooplankton community response following spills of the unconventional crude oil, diluted bitumen (dilbit), into 10-m diameter, ~ 100 m3, ~ 1.5-m deep boreal lake limnocorrals, including two controls and seven dilbit treatments ranging from 1.5 to 180 L (1:100,000 to 1:1,000 v/v, dilbit:water). Community composition and abundances were monitored weekly to bi-weekly over three months. Total zooplankton biomass and abundance seemingly collapsed in all limnocorrals, regardless of treatment, though some rotifer species persisted. As a result, it was not possible to determine the impacts of dilbit. We theorize several potential non-oil-related reasons for the sudden community collapse - including elevated zinc levels, fish grazing pressures, and sampling biases - and provide guidance for future work using in-lake enclosures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Black
- Department of Environment & Geography, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - M J Paterson
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area (IISD-ELA), R3B 0T4, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - L Timlick
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area (IISD-ELA), R3B 0T4, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - J Cederwall
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J M Blais
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, K1N 9A7, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - B Hollebone
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, K1V 1H2, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - D M Orihel
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, K7L 3N6, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - V P Palace
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area (IISD-ELA), R3B 0T4, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - J L Rodriguez-Gil
- Department of Environment & Geography, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area (IISD-ELA), R3B 0T4, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - M L Hanson
- Department of Environment & Geography, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Blandford NC, Peters L, Timlick L, Rodríguez-Gil JL, Palace V. Combustion of crude oil during in-situ burning can introduce polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) into small-scale freshwater systems. J Environ Manage 2022; 322:116078. [PMID: 36063694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In-situ burning (ISB) is the controlled combustion of an oil slick to remove large quantities of spilled oil from the aquatic environment. Prior to employing ISB as a remediation technique, an oil slick must often be corralled by physical or chemical means to achieve a sufficient thickness (typically >1 mm) for ignition. While ISB is an effective means to remove oil mass, less is known about the potential for ISB to mobilize polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) into the aquatic environment. The PACs are primary contaminants of concern in crude oil due to their environmental persistence and toxicity. We examined the potential for ISB to mobilize PACs into underlying waters in a series of small-scale burns conducted across a gradient of oil slick thicknesses (0-7 mm). Concentrations of PACs in underlying waters were evaluated and compared to reference conditions using an equivalent gradient of oil slick thicknesses that were not ignited. At thinner slick thicknesses (i.e. 0 - 4 mm) ISB enhanced the mobilization of total PACs, likely a result of heat transfer to underlying waters; this effect increased as slick thickness increased. Among thicker slicks (i.e. 4 - 7 mm), pyrogenic PACs became more prevalent and greater concentrations of 4-ring PACs were detected in underlying waters. The potential for PAC mobilization needs to be considered in scenarios where ISB may be the only viable oil spill remediation option (e.g. wetlands, marshes, or where oil is entrained) and in shallow systems susceptible to temperature changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Blandford
- Centre for Oil and Gas Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Lisa Peters
- Centre for Oil and Gas Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Lauren Timlick
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0T4, Canada
| | - José Luis Rodríguez-Gil
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0T4, Canada; Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Vince Palace
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0T4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Timlick L, Dearnley J, Blais JM, Rodríguez-Gil JL, Hanson M, Hollebone BP, Orihel DM, Peters LE, Stoyanovich SS, Palace VP. Responses of Wild Finescale Dace (Phoxinus neogaeus) to Experimental Spills of Cold Lake Blend Diluted Bitumen at the International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:2745-2757. [PMID: 35975418 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pipelines carrying diluted bitumen (dilbit) traverse North America and may result in dilbit release into sensitive freshwater ecosystems. To better understand the potential effects of a freshwater oil release, the Boreal-lake Oil Release Experiment by Additions to Limnocorrals project at the International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area (Ontario, Canada) modeled seven dilbit spills contained within a 10-m diameter of littoral limnocorrals in a boreal lake. Wild finescale dace (Phoxinus neogaeus) were released in the limnocorrals 21 days after oil addition and remained there for 70 days. Dilbit volumes covered a large range representing a regression of real spill sizes and total polycyclic aromatic compounds (TPAC) between 167 ng L-1 day-1 and 1989 ng L-1 day-1 . We report the effects of chronic exposure on reproductive potential as well as physiological responses in the gallbladder and liver. In exposures >1000 ng L-1 day-1 , there was a significant decrease in fish retrieval, culminating in zero recapture from the three highest treatments. Among the fish from the limnocorrals with lower levels of TPAC (<500 ng L-1 day-1 ), effects were inconsistent. Gallbladder bile fluorescence for a naphthalene metabolite was significantly different in fish from the oil-exposed limnocorrals when compared to the lake and reference corral, indicating that fish in these lower exposures were interacting with dilbit-derived polycyclic aromatic compounds. There were no significant differences in condition factor, somatic indices, or hepatocyte volume indices. There were also no significant changes in the development of testes or ovaries of exposed dace. The results from the present study may serve to orient policymakers and emergency responders to the range of TPAC exposures that may not significantly affect wild fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2745-2757. © 2022 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Timlick
- International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jamie Dearnley
- Center for Oil and Gas Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jules M Blais
- Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - José L Rodríguez-Gil
- International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mark Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Diane M Orihel
- Department of Biology, School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa E Peters
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Center for Oil and Gas Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Vince P Palace
- International Institute for Sustainable Development-Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ankley PJ, Xie Y, Havens S, Peters L, Timlick L, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Giesy JP, Palace VP. RNA metabarcoding helps reveal zooplankton community response to environmental stressors. Environ Pollut 2022; 292:118446. [PMID: 34737027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
DNA metabarcoding can provide a high-throughput and rapid method for characterizing responses of communities to environmental stressors. However, within bulk samples, DNA metabarcoding hardly distinguishes live from the dead organisms. Here, both DNA and RNA metabarcoding were applied and compared in experimental freshwater mesocosms conducted for assessment of ecotoxicological responses of zooplankton communities to remediation treatment until 38 days post oil-spill. Furthermore, a novel indicator of normalized vitality (NV), sequence counts of RNA metabarcoding normalized by that of DNA metabarcoding, was developed for assessment of ecological responses. DNA and RNA metabarcoding detected similar taxa richness and rank of relative abundances. Both DNA and RNA metabarcoding demonstrated slight shifts in measured α-diversities in response to treatments. NV presented relatively greater magnitudes of differential responses of community compositions to treatments compared to DNA or RNA metabarcoding. NV declined from the start of the experiment (3 days pre-spill) to the end (38 days post-spill). NV also differed between Rotifer and Arthropoda, possibly due to differential life histories and sizes of organisms. NV could be a useful indicator for characterizing ecological responses to anthropogenic influence; however, the biology of target organisms and subsequent RNA production need to be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip J Ankley
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yuwei Xie
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Sonya Havens
- IISD Experimental Lakes Area Inc, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lisa Peters
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Lauren Timlick
- IISD Experimental Lakes Area Inc, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - Vince P Palace
- IISD Experimental Lakes Area Inc, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rodriguez-Gil JL, Stoyanovich S, Hanson ML, Hollebone B, Orihel DM, Palace V, Faragher R, Mirnaghi FS, Shah K, Yang Z, Black TA, Cederwall J, Mason J, Patterson S, Timlick L, Séguin JY, Blais JM. Simulating diluted bitumen spills in boreal lake limnocorrals - Part 1: Experimental design and responses of hydrocarbons, metals, and water quality parameters. Sci Total Environ 2021; 790:148537. [PMID: 34215441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale, in-lake enclosures (limnocorrals) were used to simulate spills of diluted bitumen (dilbit) in a boreal lake. In this study we use these simulated spills, which covered a range of sizes (oil:water ratio) representative of the upper 25% of onshore crude oil spills in North America (2008-2019), to assess the fate of dilbit-derived hydrocarbons and metals as well as the impacts of the spills on standard water quality parameters. The systems were monitored over 70 days following the application of dilbit amounts ranging between 1.5 and 179.8 L into 10-m diameter, ~100 m3 limnocorrals. The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in the water column increased rapidly over the first two weeks reaching a plateau that ranged between 200 μg/L and 2200 μg/L for the lowest and highest treatment respectively. The concentration of total polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) also increased over the first two weeks, prior to a slow decrease until day 70. The maximum measured concentrations in the highest treatment were 2858 ng/L for the sum of all 46 quantified PACs, 2716 ng/L for alkylated PACs and 154 ng/L for the 16 EPA priority PAHs. The concentrations of PACs in the sediment increased continuously over the study in the three highest treatments with maximum observed concentrations of 189 ng/g for ΣPAC46, 169 ng/g for ΣPACalk. No significant treatment-related changes in the 16 EPA priority PAHs were observed in the sediment. Of the 25 metals quantified in the water column, only manganese, molybdenum, and vanadium displayed a significant treatment effect with increases of 280, 76 and 25% respectively in the total fraction. These results can help us understand and predict the fate of oil-derived contaminants following a spill and characterize the exposure of freshwater organisms living within them. These results should help inform the risk assessment of future dilbit transportation projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Rodriguez-Gil
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada; International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0T4, Canada
| | | | - Mark L Hanson
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Bruce Hollebone
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1V 1H2, Canada
| | - Diane M Orihel
- Department of Biology and School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Vince Palace
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0T4, Canada
| | - Robert Faragher
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1V 1H2, Canada
| | - Fatemeh S Mirnaghi
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1V 1H2, Canada
| | - Keval Shah
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1V 1H2, Canada
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON K1V 1H2, Canada
| | - Tyler A Black
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Cederwall
- Department of Biology and School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Johanna Mason
- Department of Biology and School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Samuel Patterson
- Department of Biology and School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Lauren Timlick
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Jonathan Y Séguin
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jules M Blais
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Timlick L, Peters LE, Wallace SJ, Dettman H, Brown RS, Mason J, Langlois VS, Palace V. Effects of Environmentally Relevant Residual Levels of Diluted Bitumen on Wild Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 105:699-704. [PMID: 33006036 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transportation of crude oil across North America's boreal ecozone creates the potential for spills in freshwater where less is known about the sensitivity of resident fish than for marine systems. The sensitivity of wild fathead minnows (FHM) to residual concentrations (ppb range) of the water accommodated fraction (WAF) of diluted bitumen (dilbit) was assessed by exposing them for 21 days followed by a 14 days depuration. Target concentrations were well below detection limits for GC-MS, but were estimated by dilution factor (1:100,000 and 1:1,000,000 WAF:water) to contain less than 0.0003 μg/L of polycyclic aromatic compounds. Confinement and handling stress caused by transfer of wild fish into tanks much smaller than their natural range resulted in mortality and lower body condition among all groups, but interactive effects of oil exposures still resulted in females with smaller cortical alveolar oocytes, and males with larger testicular lobe lumen sizes. Additional studies examining the compounded effects of stress and environmentally relevant oil exposures in wild fishes are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Timlick
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area (IISD-ELA), 325-111 Lombard Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 0T4, Canada
| | | | - Sarah J Wallace
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Valerie S Langlois
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Vince Palace
- International Institute for Sustainable Development - Experimental Lakes Area (IISD-ELA), 325-111 Lombard Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3B 0T4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|